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Ambient Particle Health Effects: Exposure, Susceptibility, and Mechanisms
EPA Grant Number: R827353Center: EPA Harvard Center for Ambient Particle Health Effects
Center Director: Koutrakis, Petros
Title: Ambient Particle Health Effects: Exposure, Susceptibility, and Mechanisms
Investigators: Koutrakis, Petros , Brain, Joseph D. , Burge, Harriet A. , Butler, James P. , Catalano, Paul , Christiani, David , Dockery, Douglas W. , Evans, John S. , Godleski, John J. , Gold, Diane R. , Graham, John , Hammitt, James K. , Kelsey, Karl , Kobzik, Lester , Schwartz, Joel , Speizer, Frank E. , Spengler, John D. , Stone, Peter , Suh, Helen H. , Verrier, Richard , Ware, James
Current Investigators: Koutrakis, Petros , Adamkiewicz, Gary , Bateson, T. , Brown, Kathleen Ward , Christiani, David , Coull, Brent , Demokritou, Phil , Dockery, Douglas W. , Dubowsky, S. , Evans, John S. , Fox, L. , Godleski, John J. , Gold, Diane R. , Gonzalez-Flecha, Beatriz , Kobzik, Lester , Laden, Francine , Lawrence, Joy , Levy, Jonathan , Luttmann-Gibson, Heike , Mark, Teresa , O’Neill, M. , Park, S. , Ruiz, Pablo , Sarnat, Jeremy , Schwartz, Joel , Smythe, Alice , Speizer, Frank E. , Spengler, John D. , Stevens, G. , Stone, Peter , Suh, Helen H. , Tsuda, Akira , Vallarino, Jose , Verrier, Richard , Wellenius, Gregory , Wheeler, A. , Wilson, A. , Wolfson, Jack M. , Zanobetti, Antonella
Institution: Harvard University
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz/Gail Robarge,
Project Period: June 1, 1999 through May 31, 2005 (Extended to May 31, 2006)
Project Amount: $7,747,040
RFA: Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) Centers (1999)
Research Category: Particulate Matter
Description:
Objective:The Harvard Particulate Center will address key scientific issues regarding the health effects of ambient particles. The specific aims of the Center reflect eight of the National Research Council's ten highest research priorities for ambient particle research. To meet these objectives, the Center will focus on three research themes: exposure, susceptibility, and biological mechanisms/dosimetry. By building the Center around these three defined research themes, the Center will remain focused while maintaining an integrated and inter-disciplinary research approach, both of which will be critical to our ability to address key particulate health effect issues in a timely manner. Each of our three research themes will include projects that span several disciplines and that draw from the expertise and experience of our Center investigators.
The overall strategy of the Center is to build upon both our previous and on-going research on particle health effects. This will enable us to maximize the use of data and resources in order to obtain the most useful scientific information to meet our objectives in a timely and cost-effective manner. The Center will use data from our previous epidemiological studies, as well as personal exposure measurements from our current and future field investigations, as the foundation for our research projects on exposure and susceptibility. Similarly, the Center will conduct our biological mechanism and dosimetry studies together with our current and future animal inhalation studies.
The research program is intended to be dynamic. Research needs and priorities will be continually evaluated as new research findings, methodologies, and technologies are developed. This continual evaluation process will allow the Center to respond in a timely manner to new research questions and to ensure that the Center will always be focused on the most critical scientific issues regarding particle health effects.
Approach:Research performed by our Center will focus on three research themes: (I) Exposure (Koutrakis), (II) Susceptibility (Schwartz), and (III) Biological Mechanisms/Dosimetry (Godleski). Each of these themes encompass highly integrated and interdisciplinary research projects intended to address key issues on particulate health effects. Projects will be performed by a team of Center investigators, including scientists who have worked together for many years and who have expertise in a variety of fields, including particle chemistry, exposure and risk assessment, environmental epidemiology, cardiac and pulmonary health, toxicology, physiology, biostatistics, dosimetry, public policy, indoor air pollution and air microbiology.
The focus of Theme I is: to assess human exposures to particles and gases in order to better understand their health effects. As such, research conducted as part of Theme I has four main objectives: (1) to determine the contribution of particles of indoor and outdoor origin to personal and indoor levels, (2) to characterize the inter- and intra-variability in personal particulate and gaseous exposures for particles of indoor and outdoor origin, (3) to quantify the effect of measurement error for fine particles and their co-pollutants (coarse mass and the criteria gases) on risk estimates from epidemiological studies, and (4) to examine the association between various exposure measures and heart function for sensitive individuals. To accomplish these objectives, Theme I includes three projects, each of which is based on data from previous and ongoing exposure studies conducted in several U.S. cities (Boston, Atlanta, Baltimore, and Los Angeles). Project Ia will use data collected in these studies to characterize the contribution of indoor and outdoor particles to both personal exposures and indoor particulate concentrations. As part of this effort, the central tendency and variability in the contribution of outdoor and indoor particles to personal exposures and indoor concentrations will be characterized. Factors affecting this variability will also be determined, as will factors affecting the relationship between outdoor concentrations and personal exposures to outdoor and indoor particles. Project Ib will also use exposure data collected in these and other studies to characterize four sources of exposure error: instrument error, spatial variation in ambient PM2.5, indoor/outdoor concentration differences, and personal factors. Once characterized, the city- and population-specific effects of exposure error on risk estimates will be determined, and the impact of differential exposure error for PM2.5 and its co-pollutants (coarse mass and the criteria gases) on risk estimates will be quantified. Project Ic will leverage exposure measurements made in on-going projects to examine the association between heart function (heart rate and heart rate variability) and various exposure measures for sensitive, free-living individuals. This association will be examined using at least four exposure measures: (1) outdoor PM2.5 concentrations, (2) indoor source-related indoor PM2.5 concentrations, (3) outdoor source-related personal PM2.5 exposures, and (4) personal PM2.5 exposures.
Research conducted as part of Theme II is intended to identify individuals who are sensitive to the effects of air pollution and to assess the chronic effects of particulate exposures. Theme II includes four research projects, all of which are based on data and methods from ongoing epidemiological studies. Project IIa, for example, is a prospective cohort study that uses the Medicare database and the National Death Index to identify populations that are susceptible to particulate and gaseous air pollutant exposures. Specifically, this project will test the hypothesis that patients with pre-existing respiratory, cardiovascular, or diabetic conditions have an enhanced mortality response to particulate exposures. This project will include cohorts from cities characterized by diverse air pollution profiles, initially including Boston, MA, New Haven, CT, Chicago, IL, Utah County and Salt Lake, UT, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Spokane, WA. Project IIb will use innovative analytical methods to examine whether particles advance mortality by a few days (harvesting) or have a more profound impact on public health. This project will do so using air pollution and mortality data from three cities ? Chicago, IL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Seattle, WA ? and will analyze these data using Cleveland's STL algorithm (and multiple intermediate time-scales) and generalized additive models. Project IIc will examine the chronic effects of air pollution exposures for the cohort of individuals that participated in the Harvard Six Cities study. As such, the project will extend the follow-up of adults in the Six Cities Study up to twenty-four years in order to (1) assess the cumulative effect of long-term exposures on the incidence of lung cancer, nonmalignant respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and cause-specific mortality, (2) estimate the distribution of particulate-associated years of life lost, and (3) determine the pre-existing conditions which predispose individuals to exposure-associated decreased survival and increased incident disease. In Project IId, archived particle samples collected in the Harvard 24- and 5-Cities studies will be analyzed for metals and elemental carbon, with results from these chemical analyses used to examine associations between individual particle species and the respiratory health effects of children. These additional data on particle composition, plus the larger sample from the combined 24- and 5-Cities studies (over 20,000 children from 29 communities across the U.S. and Canada), provide a unique opportunity to assess the effects of chronic exposure to specific particle components on the respiratory health of children.
Theme III includes three projects which aim to identify the particulate and gaseous air pollutants responsible for increased cardiac vulnerability and to define the biological mechanisms that lead to this outcome. Projects IIIa and IIIb are both based on a dog model of coronary occlusion and controlled exposures to concentrated ambient particles. Project IIIa will use this model and technology to explore the role of particle size (coarse, fine, and ultra fine), particle composition (metals, ions, and carbon), and criteria gases (O3, NO2, CO, and SO2) on cardiac and respiratory health. Project IIIa will also use pharmacological intervention to explore biological mechanisms by which particles accelerate and increase sensitivity to the ischemic response, examining both autonomic nervous system and inflammatory mechanisms. Project IIIb will determine in-situ particle doses during the inhalation studies using online measurements of particle number and size in the inhaled and exhaled air. This will enable us to provide a better interpretation of the observed outcomes and to examine the role of particle composition, gaseous co-pollutants, and susceptibility on particle deposition. The third project, Project IIIc, is a human panel study, which will be performed concurrent with our animal inhalation projects. Project IIIc will investigate the effects of particle mass, composition, and gaseous co-pollutants on blood viscosity, other clotting parameters, and cardiac health of individuals living in the Boston Metropolitan area. Results from this project will be integrated with results from animal inhalation studies to improve our understanding of the role of particle composition and gaseous co-pollutants on cardiovascular health and of the biological mechanisms leading to the adverse effects.
These three research themes are supported and enhanced by our Center's Research and Technology cores. The Research core will be central to the Center's research program, since it will provide the mechanism through which the Center's research is coordinated and its needs and priorities evaluated. The Research core will do so following a rigorous and multi-phased procedure. This procedure, which was developed from our twenty-plus years of experience in air pollution health effects research, will draw from experts from a wide range of disciplines at the Harvard School of Public Health and the Harvard Medical School, as well as from experts from outside agencies, universities, and organizations. Specifically, advice and input will be obtained from a variety of internal and external groups, including the National Research Council, the External Science Advisory Committee, the consortium of EPA Airborne Particulate Matter Centers, the Working Group on PM Exposures and Health Effects, the Working Group on Research Strategy Evaluation, and the Harvard Center Steering Committee. Based on input from these groups, research conducted as part of our Center may be redirected (by refocusing existing projects or developing new projects) to respond to existing or future research needs. Our Technology core is intended to help other Centers and research groups conduct particulate health effects research. The Technology core will be responsible for transferring technologies that are developed by our Center, including particle generation systems for inhalation studies, personal exposure monitors, statistical tools to analyze data from particle epidemiological studies, and software to process cardiac function data. These new technologies will be made available to other Particle Centers and to other research groups.
Expected Results:The Center will address critical questions about the health effects of ambient particles using input from multiple disciplines and continual evaluation of research findings and needs. Through its three themes, research conducted by the Center will be comprehensive, including projects that in total address eight of the ten research priorities identified by the NRC. These projects will use a wide variety of innovative measurement and analysis techniques to examine diverse questions about the potential toxic agent(s), susceptible populations, and biological mechanisms of ambient particles. Since each of the Center's projects leverages existing research conducted by Center investigators, the projects are both cost-effective and expansive. Existing data and resources will be maximized in order to obtain the most relevant and essential scientific information. For example, our Center will use data from our earlier epidemiological studies to examine the effects of chronic exposures to ambient particles, an area that has historically been difficult to examine due to cost concerns. Similarly, the Center's leveraging of our existing toxicological and exposure studies make particle deposition and indoor particle health effect studies possible, respectively.
Each of the research projects will involve investigators from wide range of disciplines. The inter-disciplinary nature of the Center will enable us to integrate findings from a variety of studies as they emerge and, combined with structured methods to evaluate research needs and priorities, will allow the Center to remain flexible and at the forefront of the health effects debate on particles. Findings from the Center will have important ramifications to environmental policy and control.
Improvements in Risk Assessment or Risk Management: In support of Improvements in Risk Assessment or Risk Management, the findings will improve our ability to set appropriate and effective air quality standards for particulate matter. Moreover, they will help us determine the relevant particle parameter and the appropriate level to regulate. This will, in turn, allow effective particle control strategies to be determined and ensure the protection of public health from particle exposures.
Journal Articles: 148 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 149 publications | 149 publications in selected types | All 148 journal articles |
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Adamkiewicz G, Ebelt S, Syring M, Slater J, Speizer FE, Schwartz J, Suh H, Gold DR. Association between air pollution exposure and exhaled nitric oxide in an elderly population. Thorax 2004;59(3):204-209. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) R826780 (Final) |
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Adar SD, Adamkiewicz G, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull B A, Suh H. Ambient and microenvironmental particles and exhaled nitric oxide before and after a group bus trip. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(4):507-512. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Adar SD, Gold DR, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Stone PH, Suh H. Focused exposures to airborne traffic particles and heart rate variability in the elderly. Epidemiology 2007;18(1):95-103. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Alexeeff SE, Litonjua AA, Suh H, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Schwartz J. Ozone exposure and lung function: effect modified by obesity and airways hyperresponsiveness in the VA Normative Aging Study. Chest 2007;132(6):1890-1897. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Alexeeff SE, Litonjua AA, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Schwartz J. Statin use reduces decline in lung function: VA Normative Aging Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2007;176(8):742-747. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Baccarelli A, Zanobetti A, Martinelli I, Grillo P, Hou L, Lanzani G, Mannucci PM, Bertazzi PA, Schwartz J. Air pollution, smoking, and plasma homocysteine. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(2):176-181. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Baccarelli A, Zanobetti A, Martinelli I, Grillo P, Hou L, Giacomini S, Bonzini M, Lazani G, Mannuci PM, Bertazzi PA, Schwartz J. Effects of exposure to air pollution on blood coagulation. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2006;5(2):252-260. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C010 (Final) |
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Baccarelli A, Martinelli I, Zanobetti A, Grillo P, Hou LF, Bertazzi PA, Mannucci PM, Schwartz J. Exposure to particulate air pollution and risk of deep vein thrombosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 2008;168(9):920-927. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Baccarelli A, Cassano PA, Litonjua A, Park SK, Suh H, Sparrow D, Vokonas P, Schwartz J. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction: effects from particulate air pollution and protection by dietary methyl nutrients and metabolic polymorphisms. Circulation 2008;117(14):1802-1809. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Batalha JRF, Saldiva PHN, Clarke RW, Coull BA, Stearns RC, Lawrence J, Krishna Murthy GG, Koutrakis P, Godleski JJ. Concentrated ambient air particles induce vasoconstriction of small pulmonary arteries in rats. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(12):1191-1197. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C014 (Final) |
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Bateson TF, Schwartz J. Selection bias and confounding in case-crossover analyses of environmental time-series data. Epidemiology 2001;12(6):654-661. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) R827353C005 (2001) R827353C005 (2002) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Bateson TF, Schwartz J. Who is sensitive to the effects of particulate air pollution on mortality? A case-crossover analysis of effect modifiers. Epidemiology 2004;15(2):143-149. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Braga ALF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Do respiratory epidemics confound the association between air pollution and daily deaths? European Respiratory Journal 2000;16(4):723-728. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2000) R827353C005 (2002) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Braga ALF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The effect of weather on respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 12 U.S. cities. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(9):859-863. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Braga ALF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The lag structure between particulate air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular deaths in 10 US cities. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;43(11):927-933. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2001) R827353C005 (2002) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Braga ALF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The time course of weather-related deaths. Epidemiology 2001;12(6):662-667. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Carrothers TJ, Evans JS. Assessing the impact of differential measurement error on estimates of fine particle mortality. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2000;50(1):65-74. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) |
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Chahine T, Baccarelli A, Litonjua AA, Wright RO, Suh H, Gold DR, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Schwartz J. Particulate air pollution, oxidative stress genes, and heart rate variability in an elderly cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(11):1617-1622. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Chen JC, Schwartz J. Metabolic syndrome and inflammatory responses to long-term particulate air pollutants. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(5):612-617. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Clancy L, Goodman P, Sinclair H, Dockery DW. Effect of air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland: an intervention study. Lancet 2002;360(9341):1210-1214. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C006 (2001) R827353C006 (2002) R827353C006 (2003) R827353C006 (Final) |
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Clarke RW, Coull B, Reinisch U, Catalano P, Killingsworth CR, Koutrakis P, Kavouras I, Krishna Murthy GG, Lawrence J, Lovett E, Wolfson JM, Verrier RL, Godleski JJ. Inhaled concentrated ambient particles are associated with hematologic and bronchoalveolar lavage changes in canines. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(12):1179-1187. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C014 (Final) |
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Coull BA, Schwartz J, Wand MP. Respiratory health and air pollution: additive mixed model analyses. Biostatistics 2001;2(3):337-349. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2000) R827353C004 (2001) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Kavouras I, Harrison D, Koutrakis P. Development and evaluation of an impactor for a PM2.5 speciation sampler. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2001;51(4):514-523. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Kavouras IG, Ferguson ST, Koutrakis P. Development and laboratory performance evaluation of a personal multipollutant sampler for simultaneous measurements of particulate and gaseous pollutants. Aerosol Science and Technology 2001;35(3):741-752. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Gupta T, Koutrakis P. A high volume apparatus for the condensational growth of ultrafine particles for inhalation toxicological studies. Aerosol Science and Technology 2002;36(11):1061-1072. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Gupta T, Ferguson S, Koutrakis P. Development and laboratory characterization of a prototype coarse particle concentrator for inhalation toxicological studies. Journal of Aerosol Science 2002;33(8):1111-1123. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) R825270 (2000) R825270 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Gupta T, Ferguson S, Koutrakis P. Development and laboratory performance evaluation of a personal cascade impactor. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2002;52(10):1230-1237. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Kavouras IG, Ferguson ST, Koutrakis P. Development of a high volume cascade impactor for toxicological and chemical characterization studies. Aerosol Science and Technology 2002;36(9):925-933. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) R825270 (2000) R825270 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Gupta T, Ferguson S, Koutrakis P. Development of a high-volume concentrated ambient particles system (CAPS) for human and animal inhalation toxicological studies. Inhalation Toxicology 2003;15(2):111-129. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Lee SJ, Ferguson ST, Koutrakis P. A compact multistage (cascade) impactor for the characterization of atmospheric aerosols. Journal of Aerosol Science 2004;35(3):281-299. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Demokritou P, Lee SJ, Koutrakis P. Development and evaluation of a high loading PM2.5 speciation sampler. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(2):111-119. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Ding Y, Koutrakis P. Development of a dichotomous slit nozzle virtual impactor. Journal of Aerosol Science 2000;31(12):1421-1431. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Dockery DW. Epidemiologic evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001;109(Suppl. 4):483-486. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2002) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Dockery DW, Luttmann-Gibson H, Rich DQ, Link MS, Mittleman MA, Gold DR, Koutrakis P, Schwartz JD, Verrier RL. Association of air pollution with increased incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias recorded by implanted cardioverter defibrillators. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(6):670-674. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Dubowsky SD, Suh H, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Gold DR. Diabetes, obesity, and hypertension may enhance associations between air pollution and markers of system ic inflammation. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(7):992-998. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Evans JS, Wolff SK, Phonboon K, Levy JI, Smith KR. Exposure efficiency: an idea whose time has come? Chemosphere 2002;49(9):1075-1091. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) |
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Franco Suglia S, Gryparis A, Wright RO, Schwartz J, Wright RJ. Association of black carbon with cognition among children in a prospective birth cohort study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2008;167(3):280-286. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Franklin M, Zeka A, Schwartz J. Association between PM2.5 and all-cause and specific-cause mortality in 27 US communities. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2007;17(3):279-287. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Ghelfi E, Rhoden CR, Wellenius GA, Lawrence J, Gonzalez-Flecha B. Cardiac oxidative stress and electrophysiological changes in rats exposed to concentrated air particles are mediated by TRP-dependent pulmonary reflexes. Toxicological Sciences 2008;102(2):328-336. |
R827353 (Final) |
not available |
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Gold DR, Litonjua AA, Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Schwartz J, MacCallum G, Verrier RL, Nearing BD, Canner MJ, Suh H, Stone PH. Air pollution and ST-segment depression in elderly subjects. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(7):883-887. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Goodman PG, Dockery DW, Clancy L. Cause-specific mortality and the extended effects of particulate pollution and temperature exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(2):179-185. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) R827353C006 (Final) |
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Greco SL, Wilson AM, Spengler JD, Levy JI. Spatial patterns of mobile source particulate matter emissions-to-exposure relationships across the United States. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(5):1011-1025. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C012 (Final) |
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Gryparis A, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Suh HH. Semiparametric latent variable regression models for spatiotemporal modeling of mobile source particles in the greater Boston area. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 2007;56(2):183-209. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Gupta T, Demokritou P, Koutrakis P. Development and performance evaluation of a high-volume ultrafine particle concentrator for inhalation toxicological studies. Inhalation Toxicology 2004;16(13):851-862. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Haber S, Yitzhak D, Tsuda A. Gravitational deposition in a rhythmically expanding and contracting alveolus. Journal of Applied Physiology 2003;95(2):657-671. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C009 (2002) R827353C009 (Final) |
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Hamada K, Goldsmith C-A, Suzaki Y, Goldman A, Kobzik L. Airway hyperresponsiveness caused by aerosol exposure to residual oil fly ash leachate in mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A 2002;65(18):1351-1365. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C014 (Final) R826779 (Final) |
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Hatzis C, Godleski JJ, Gonzalez-Flecha B, Wolfson JM, Koutrakis P. Ambient particulate matter exhibits direct inhibitory effects on oxidative stress enzymes. Environmental Science & Technology 2006;40(8):2805-2811. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C011 (2004) R827353C011 (Final) |
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Henry FS, Butler JP, Tsuda A. Kinematically irreversible acinar flow: a departure from classical dispersive aerosol transport theories. Journal of Applied Physiology 2002;92(2):835-845. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C009 (2002) R827353C009 (Final) |
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Hopke PK, Ito K, Mar T, Christiansen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Larson TV, Liu H, Neas L, Pinto J, Stölzel M, Suh H, Paatero P, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and health effects: 1. Intercomparison of source apportionment results. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2006;16(3):275-286. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) R827354 (Final) R827354C001 (Final) R827355 (Final) R827355C008 (Final) |
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Ito K, Christiansen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Larson TV, Neas L, Hopke PK, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and health effects: 2. An investigation of intermethod variability in associations between source-apportioned fine particle mass and daily mortality in Washington, DC. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2006;16(4):300-310. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) R827351 (Final) R827351C001 (Final) R827354 (Final) R827354C001 (Final) R827355 (Final) R827355C008 (Final) R827997 (Final) |
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Janssen NAH, Schwartz J, Zanobetti A, Suh HH. Air conditioning and source-specific particles as modifiers of the effect of PM10 on hospital admissions for heart and lung disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(1):43-49. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C002 (2000) R827353C002 (2001) R827353C002 (2002) R827353C002 (2003) R827353C002 (Final) |
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Laden F, Schwartz J, Speizer FE, Dockery DW. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006;173(6):667-672. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C006 (2004) R827353C006 (Final) |
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Lee SJ, Demokritou P, Koutrakis P. Performance evaluation of commonly used impaction substrates under various loading conditions. Journal of Aerosol Science 2005;36(7):881-895. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Lee SJ, Demokritou P, Koutrakis P, Delgado-Saborit JM. Development and evaluation of personal respirable particulate Sampler (PRPS). Atmospheric Environment 2006;40(2):212-224. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Levy JI, Wolff SK, Evans JS. A regression-based approach for estimating primary and secondary particulate matter intake fractions. Risk Analysis 2002;22(5):895-904. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C012 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) |
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Levy JI, Wilson AM, Evans JS, Spengler JD. Estimation of primary and secondary particulate matter intake fractions for power plants in Georgia. Environmental Science & Technology 2003;37(24):5528-5536. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C012 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) |
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Lippmann M, Frampton M, Schwartz J, Dockery D, Schlesinger R, Koutrakis P, Froines J, Nel A, Finkelstein J, Godleski J, Kaufman J, Koenig J, Larson T, Luchtel D, Liu L-J S, Oberdorster G, Peters A, Sarnat J, Sioutas C, Suh H, Sullivan J, Utell M, Wichmann E, Zelikoff J. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Particulate Matter Health Effects Research Centers Program: a midcourse report of status, progress, and plans. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(8):1074-1092. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C006 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) R827351 (2002) R827351 (Final) R827352 (Final) R827352C002 (Final) R827352C014 (Final) R827354 (Final) R827355 (Final) |
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Liu Y, Sarnat JA, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Jacob DJ. Validation of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) aerosol optical thickness measurements using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations over the contiguous United States. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 2004;109(D6):D06205, doi:10.1029/2003JD003981. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Liu Y, Sarnat JA, Kilaru V, Jacob DJ, Koutrakis P. Estimating ground-level PM2.5 in the Eastern United States using satellite remote sensing. Environmental Science & Technology 2005;39(9):3269-3278. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Liu Y, Koutrakis P, Kahn R. Estimating fine particulate matter component concentrations and size distributions using satellite-retrieved fractional aerosol optical depth:Part 1-method development. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007;57(11):1351-1359. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Liu Y, Koutrakis P, Kahn R, Turquety S, Yantosca RM. Estimating fine particulate matter component concentrations and size distributions using satellite-retrieved fractional aerosol optical depth: Part 2--a case study. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007;57(11):1360-1369. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Liu Y, Franklin M, Kahn R, Koutrakis P. Using aerosol optical thickness to predict ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in the St. Louis area: a comparison between MISR and MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 2007;107(1-2):33-44. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Liu Y, Park RJ, Jacob DJ, Li Q, Kilaru V, Sarnat JA. Mapping annual mean ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical thickness over the contiguous United States. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 2004;109(D22):D22206, doi:10.1029/2004JD005025. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Luttmann-Gibson H, Suh HH, Coull BA, Dockery DW, Sarnat SE, Schwartz J, Stone PH, Gold DR. Short-term effects of air pollution on heart rate variability in senior adults in Steubenville, Ohio. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;48(8):780-788. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Magari SR, Hauser R, Schwartz J, Williams PL, Smith TJ, Christiani DC. Association of heart rate variability with occupational and environmental exposure to particulate air pollution. Circulation 2001;104(9):986-991. |
R827353 (Final) R828678C002 (2001) R828678C002 (2003) R828678C002 (2004) R828678C002 (2005) R828678C002 (2006) |
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Mar TF, Ito K, Koenig JQ, Larson TV, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Neas L, Stolzel M, Paatero P, Hopke PK, Thurston GD. PM source apportionment and health effects. 3. Investigation of inter-method variations in associations between estimated source contributions of PM2.5 and daily mortality in Phoenix, AZ. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2006;16(4):311-320. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) R827351 (Final) R827354 (Final) R827354C001 (Final) R827355 (Final) R827355C002 (Final) R827355C008 (Final) |
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Maynard D, Coull BA, Gryparis A, Schwartz J. Mortality risk associated with short-term exposure to traffic particles and sulfates. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):751-755. |
R827353 (Final) |
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McCracken JP, Smith KR, Diaz A, Mittleman MA, Schwartz J. Chimney stove intervention to reduce long-term wood smoke exposure lowers blood pressure among Guatemalan women. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(7):996-1001. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Medina-Ramon M, Zanobetti A, Cavanagh DP, Schwartz J. Extreme temperatures and mortality: assessing effect modification by personal characteristics and specific cause of death in a multi-city case-only analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(9):1331-1336. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Medina-Ramon M, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The effect of ozone and PM10 on hospital admissions for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a national multicity study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006;163(6):579-588. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Medina-Ramon M, Schwartz J. Temperature, temperature extremes, and mortality: a study of acclimatisation and effect modification in 50 US cities. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;64(12):827-833. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Montoya L, Lawrence J, Krishna Murthy G, Sarnat J, Godleski J, Koutrakis P. Continuous measurements of ambient particle deposition in human subjects. Aerosol Science and Technology 2004;38(10):980-990. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C009 (Final) |
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Nikolov MC, Coull BA, Catalano PJ, Godleski JJ. An informative Bayesian structural equation model to assess source-specific health effects of air pollution. Biostatistics 2007;8(3):609-624. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Nishioka Y, Levy JI, Norris GA, Wilson A, Hofstetter P, Spengler JD. Integrating risk assessment and life cycle assessment: a case study of insulation. Risk Analysis 2002;22(5):1003-1017. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS. Air conditioning and heat-related health effects. Applied Environmental Science and Public Health 2003;1(1):9-12. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
not available |
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O’Neill MS, Jerrett M, Kawachi I, Levy JI, Cohen AJ, Gouveia N, Wilkinson P, Fletcher T, Cifuentes L, Schwartz J. Health, wealth, and air pollution: advancing theory and methods. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(16):1861-1870. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Modifiers of the temperature and mortality association in seven US cities. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003;157(12):1074-1082. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS, Loomis D, Borja Aburto VH, Gold D, Hertz-Picciotto I, Castillejos M. Do associations between airborne particles and daily mortality in Mexico City differ by measurement method, region, or modeling strategy? Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2004;14(6):429-439. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS, Veves A, Zanobetti A, Sarnat JA, Gold DR, Economides PA, Horton ES, Schwartz J. Diabetes enhances vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associated impairment in vascular reactivity and endothelial function. Circulation 2005;111(22):2913-2920. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Disparites by race in heat-related mortality in four US cities: the role of air conditioning prevalence. Journal of Urban Health 2005;82(2):191-197. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS, Hajat S, Zanobetti A, Ramirez-Aguilar M, Schwartz J. Impact of control for air pollution and respiratory epidemics on the estimated associations of temperature and daily mortality. International Journal of Biometeorology 2005;50(2):121-129. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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O’Neill MS, Veves A, Sarnat JA, Zanobetti A, Gold DR, Economides PA, Horton ES, Schwartz J. Air pollution and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a mechanism for susceptibility. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;64(6):373-379. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Park SK, O’Neill MS, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Schwartz J. Effects of air pollution on heart rate variability: the VA Normative Aging Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(3):304-309. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C010 (Final) |
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Park SK, O’Neill MS, Wright RO, Hu H, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Suh H, Schwartz J. HFE genotype, particulate air pollution, and heart rate variability: a gene-environment interaction. Circulation 2006;114(25):2798-2805. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C010 (Final) |
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Park SK, Schwartz J, Weisskopf M, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Wright RO, Coull B, Nie H, Hu H. Low-level lead exposure, metabolic syndrome, and heart rate variability: the VA Normative Aging Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(11):1718-1724. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Park SK, O’Neill MS, Stunder BJB, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Koutrakis P, Schwartz J. Source location of air pollution and cardiac autonomic function: trajectory cluster analysis for exposure assessment. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 2007;17(15):488-497. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C010 (Final) |
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Park SK, O’Neill MS, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Wright RO, Coull B, Nie H, Hu H, Schwartz J. Air pollution and heart rate variability: effect modification by chronic lead exposure. Epidemiology 2008;19(1):111-120. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Park SK, O’Neill MS, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Spiro A III, Tucker KL, Suh H, Hu H, Schwartz J. Traffic-related particles are associated with elevated homocysteine: the VA Normative Aging Study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2008;178(3):283-289. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Peters A, Dockery DW, Muller JE, Mittleman MA. Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2001;103(23):2810-2815. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Rhoden CR, Lawrence J, Godleski JJ, Gonzalez-Flecha B. N-Acetylcysteine prevents lung inflammation after short-term inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles. Toxicological Sciences 2004;79(2):296-303. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C011 (2003) R827353C011 (Final) |
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Rhoden CR, Wellenius GA, Ghelfi E, Lawrence J, Gonzalez-Flecha B. PM-induced cardiac oxidative stress and dysfunction are mediated by autonomic stimulation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2005;1725(3):305-313. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C011 (2004) R827353C011 (Final) |
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Rich DQ, Schwartz J, Mittleman MA, Link M, Luttmann-Gibson H, Catalano PJ, Speizer FE, Dockery DW. Association of short-term ambient air pollution concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005;161(12):1123-1132. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Rich DQ, Mittleman MA, Link MS, Schwartz J, Luttmann-Gibson H, Catalano PJ, Speizer FE, Gold DR, Dockery DW. Increased risk of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation episodes associated with acute increases in ambient air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(1):120-123. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Ruiz PA, Lawrence JE, Ferguson ST, Wolfson JM, Koutrakis P. A counter-current parallel-plate membrane denuder for the non-specific removal of trace gases. Environmental Science & Technology 2006;40(16):5058-5063. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C013 (Final) |
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Ruiz PA, Lawrence JE, Wolfson JM, Ferguson ST, Gupta T, Kang CM, Koutrakis P. Development and evaluation of a photochemical chamber to examine the toxicity of coal-fired power plant emissions. Inhalation Toxicology 2007;19(8):597-606. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Ruiz PA, Gupta T, Kang CM, Lawrence JE, Ferguson ST, Wolfson JM, Rohr AC, Koutrakis P. Development of an exposure system for the toxicological evaluation of particles derived from coal-fired power plants. Inhalation Toxicology 2007;19(8):607-619. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Saldiva PHN, Clarke RW, Coull BA, Stearns RC, Lawrence J, Krishna Murthy GG, Diaz E, Koutrakis P, Suh H, Tsuda A, Godleski JJ. Lung inflammation induced by concentrated ambient air particles is related to particle composition. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;165(12):1610-1617. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C014 (Final) |
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Sarnat JA, Koutrakis P, Suh HH. Assessing the relationship between personal particulate and gaseous exposures of senior citizens living in Baltimore, MD. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2000;50(7):1184-1198. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C001 (2000) R827353C001 (2001) R827353C001 (2002) R827353C001 (2003) R827353C001 (2004) R827353C001 (Final) |
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Sarnat JA, Schwartz J, Catalano PJ, Suh HH. Gaseous pollutants in particulate matter epidemiology: confounders or surrogates? Environmental Health Perspectives 2001;109(10):1053-1061. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C001 (2001) R827353C001 (2002) R827353C001 (Final) |
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Sarnat JA, Long CM, Koutrakis P, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Suh HH. Using sulfur as a tracer of outdoor fine particulate matter. Environmental Science & Technology 2002;36(24):5305-5314. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C001 (2001) R827353C001 (Final) |
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Sarnat JA, Brown KW, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. Ambient gas concentrations and personal particulate matter exposures: implications for studying the health effects of particles. Epidemiology 2005;16(3):385-395. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C001 (2003) R827353C001 (2004) R827353C001 (Final) |
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Sarnat SE, Suh HH, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Stone PH, Gold DR. Ambient particulate air pollution and cardiac arrhythmia in a panel of older adults in Steubenville, Ohio. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;63(10):700-706. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Sarnat SE, Coull BA, Schwartz J, Gold DR, Suh HH. Factors affecting the association between ambient concentrations and personal exposures to particles and gases. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(5):649-654. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C001 (Final) |
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Sarnat SE, Coull BA, Ruiz PA, Koutrakis P, Suh HH. The influences of ambient particle composition and size on particle infiltration in Los Angeles, CA residences. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2006;56(2):186-196. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C001 (Final) |
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Savage ST, Lawrence J, Katz T, Stearns RC, Coull BA, Godleski JJ. Does the Harvard/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ambient particle concentrator change the toxic potential of particles? Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2003;53(9):1088-1097. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C014 (Final) R827353C017 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Assessing confounding, effect modification, and thresholds in the association between ambient particles and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(6):563-568. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Daily deaths are associated with combustion particles rather than SO2 in Philadelphia. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;57(10):692-697. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2000) R827353C005 (2001) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Harvesting and long term exposure effects in the relation between air pollution and mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 2000;151(5):440-448. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2000) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J, Zanobetti A. Using meta-smoothing to estimate dose-response trends across multiple studies, with application to air pollution and daily death. Epidemiology 2000;11(6):666-672. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2000) R827353C005 (2002) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Is there harvesting in the association of airborne particles with daily deaths and hospital admissions? Epidemiology 2001;12(1):55-61. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J, Ballester F, Saez M, Perez-Hoyos S, Bellido J, Cambra K, Arribas F, Canada A, Perez-Boillos MJ, Sunyer J. The concentration-response relation between air pollution and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001;109(10):1001-1006. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (2000) R827353C005 (2002) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J, Laden F, Zanobetti A. The concentration-response relation between PM2.5 and daily deaths. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(10):1025-1029. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. The use of epidemiology in environmental risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2002;8(6):1253-1265. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) |
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Schwartz J, Coull BA. Control for confounding in the presence of measurement error in hierarchical models. Biostatistics 2003;4(4):539-553. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C002 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Is the association of airborne particles with daily deaths confounded by gaseous air pollutants? An approach to control by matching. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(5):557-561. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C002 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. The effects of particulate air pollution on daily deaths: a multi-city case crossover analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;61(12):956-961. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J, Park SK, O’Neill MS, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Weiss S, Kelsey K. Glutathione-S-transferase M1, obesity, statins, and autonomic effects of particles: gene-by-drug-by-environment interaction. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005;172(12):1529-1533. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C010 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. How sensitive is the association between ozone and daily deaths to control for temperature? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2005;171(6):627-631. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Who is sensitive to extremes of temperature? A case-only analysis. Epidemiology 2005;16(1):67-72. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Schwartz J. Comments on "Model Choice in Time Series Studies of Air Pollution and Mortality." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 2006;169(2):179-203. |
R827353 (Final) |
not available |
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Sunyer J, Atkinson R, Ballester F, Le Tertre A, Ayres JG, Forastiere F, Forsberg B, Vonk JM, Bisanti L, Anderson RH, Schwartz J, Katsouyanni K. Respiratory effects of sulphur dioxide: a hierarchical multicity analysis in the APHEA 2 study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;60(8):e2. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Thurston GD, Ito K, Mar T, Christensen WF, Eatough DJ, Henry RC, Kim E, Laden F, Lall R, Larson TV, Liu H, Neas L, Pinto J, Stotzel M, Suh H, Hopke PK. Workgroup report: workshop on source apportionment of particulate matter health effects--Inter-Comparison of results and implications. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(12):1768-1774. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C015 (Final) R827351 (Final) R827351C001 (Final) R827354 (Final) R827354C001 (Final) R827355 (Final) R827355C008 (Final) |
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Tsuda A, Rogers RA, Hydon PE, Butler JP. Chaotic mixing deep in the lung. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002;99(15):10173-10178. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C009 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Saldiva PHN, Batalha JRF, Krishna Murthy GG, Coull BA, Verrier RL, Godleski JJ. Electrocardiographic changes during exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) particles in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Toxicological Sciences 2002;66(2):327-335. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C008 (2001) R827353C008 (2002) R827353C008 (2003) R827353C008 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Coull BA, Godleski JJ, Koutrakis P, Okabe K, Savage ST, Lawrence JE, Krishna Murthy GG, Verrier RL. Inhalation of concentrated ambient air particles exacerbates myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(4):402-408. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C008 (2001) R827353C008 (2002) R827353C008 (2003) R827353C008 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Batalha JRF, Diaz EA, Lawrence J, Coull BA, Katz T, Verrier RL, Godleski JJ. Cardiac effects of carbon monoxide and ambient particles in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Toxicological Sciences 2004;80(2):367-376. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C008 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Schwartz J, Mittleman MA. Air pollution and hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among Medicare beneficiaries. Stroke 2005;36(12):2549-2553. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Bateson TF, Mittleman MA, Schwartz J. Particulate air pollution and the rate of hospitalization for congestive heart failure among Medicare beneficiaries in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005;161(11):1030-1036. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Coull BA, Batalha JRF, Diaz EA, Lawrence J, Godleski JJ. Effects of ambient particles and carbon monoxide on supraventricular arrhythmias in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Inhalation Toxicology 2006;18(14):1077-1082. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C008 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Schwartz J, Mittleman MA. Particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in seven United States cities. The American Journal of Cardiology 2006;97(3):404-408. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Wellenius GA, Yeh GY, Coull BA, Suh HH, Phillips RS, Mittleman MA. Effects of ambient air pollution on functional status in patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a repeated-measures study. Environmental Health 2007;6:26. |
R827353 (Final) R832416 (2006) |
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Wellenius GA, Mittleman MA. Disparities in myocardial infarction case fatality rates among the elderly: the 20-year Medicare experience. American Heart Journal 2008;156(3):483-490. |
R827353 (Final) |
not available |
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Wheeler A, Zanobetti A, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Stone P, Suh HH. The relationship between ambient air pollution and heart rate variability differs for individuals with heart and pulmonary disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(4):560-566. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C003 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Dockery D. Airborne particles are a risk factor for hospital admissions for heart and lung disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(11):1071-1077. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2000) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Gold D. Are there sensitive subgroups for the health effects of airborne particles? Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(9):841-845. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2000) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Wand MP, Schwartz J, Ryan LM. Generalized additive distributed lag models: quantifying mortality displacement. Biostatistics 2000;1(3):279-292. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2000) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Race, gender, and social status as modifiers of the effects of PM10 on mortality. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;42(5):469-474. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Are diabetics more susceptible to the health effects of airborne particles? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001;164(5):831-833. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2001) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Touloumi G, Atkinson R, Le Tertre A , Bobros J, Celko M, Goren A, Forsberg B, Michelozzi P, Rabczenko D, Aranguez Ruiz E, Katsouyanni K. The temporal pattern of mortality responses to air pollution: a multicity assessment of mortality displacement. Epidemiology 2002;13(1):87-93. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Cardiovascular damage by airborne particles: Are diabetics more susceptible? Epidemiology 2002;13(5):588-592. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2001) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) R827353C005 (2003) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Touloumi G, Peacock J, Anderson RH, Le Tertre A , Bobros J, Celko M, Goren A, Forsberg B, Michelozzi P, Rabczenko D, Hoyos SP, Wichmann HE, Katsouyanni K. The temporal pattern of respiratory and heart disease mortality in response to air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(9):1188-1193. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2002) R827353C004 (2003) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. The effect of particulate air pollution on emergency admissions for myocardial infarction: a multicity case-crossover analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(8):978-982. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (2004) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Air pollution and emergency admissions in Boston, MA. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2006;60(10):890-895. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Particulate air pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(5):769-775. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Zeka A, Schwartz J. Estimating the independent effects of multiple pollutants in the presence of measurement error:an application of a measurement-error-resistant technique. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(17):1686-1690. |
R827353 (Final) |
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Zeka A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Short term effects of particulate matter on cause specific mortality: effects of lags and modification by city characteristics. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;62(10):718-725. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C005 (Final) |
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Zeka A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Individual-level modifiers of the effects of particulate matter on daily mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006;163(9):849-859. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) |
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Zeka A, Sullivan JR, Vokonas PS, Sparrow D, Schwartz J. Inflammatory markers and particulate air pollution: characterizing the pathway to disease. International Journal of Epidemiology 2006;35(5):1347-1354. |
R827353 (Final) R827353C004 (Final) R827353C010 (Final) |
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ambient particles, exposure, health effects, susceptibility, metals, public policy, biology, engineering, epidemiology, toxicology, environmental chemistry, monitoring. , Air, Geographic Area, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, Susceptibility/Sensitive Population/Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Biology/Genetics, Toxicology, Biology, indoor air, Risk Assessments, genetic susceptability, Epidemiology, air toxics, Children's Health, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Microbiology, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, State, tropospheric ozone, ambient measurement methods, cardiopulmonary, risk assessment, California (CA), Maryland (MD), exposure and effects, ambient air quality, cardiovascular disease, health effects, indoor air quality, inhalation, developmental effects, epidemelogy, animal inhalation study, respiratory disease, inhalation toxicology, air quality, ambient air, cardiopulmonary response, indoor exposure, lead, molecular epidemiology, assessment of exposure, cardiopulmonary responses, human health risk, interindividual variability, monitoring, susceptibility, genetic susceptibility, particle exposure, epidemeology, air pollutants, human health effects, particulates, respiratory, sensitive populations, measurement methods , biological response, ambient particle health effects, air pollution, ambient monitoring, children, metals, microbiology, stratospheric ozone, ambient air monitoring, chemical exposure, dosimetry, exposure, inhaled particles, pulmonary, human health, human susceptibility, environmental health hazard, biological mechanism , health risks, human exposure, Human Health Risk Assessment, PM, pulmonary disease, Massachusetts (MA), Georgia (GA)
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R827353C001 Assessing Human Exposures to Particulate and Gaseous Air Pollutants
R827353C002 Quantifying Exposure Error and its Effect on Epidemiological
Studies
R827353C003 St. Louis Bus, Steubenville and Atlanta Studies
R827353C004 Examining Conditions That Predispose Towards
Acute Adverse Effects of Particulate Exposures
R827353C005 Assessing Life-Shortening Associated with Exposure to
Particulate Matter
R827353C006 Investigating Chronic Effects of Exposure to Particulate
Matter
R827353C007 Determining the Effects of Particle Characteristics on Respiratory Health of Children
R827353C008 Differentiating the Roles of Particle Size, Particle Composition,
and Gaseous Co-Pollutants on Cardiac Ischemia
R827353C009 Assessing Deposition of Ambient Particles in the Lung
R827353C010 Relating Changes in Blood Viscosity, Other Clotting Parameters,
Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Variability to Particulate and Criteria Gas Exposures
R827353C011 Studies of Oxidant Mechanisms
R827353C012 Modeling Relationships Between Mobile Source Particle Emissions and Population Exposures
R827353C013 Toxicological Evaluation of Realistic Emissions of Source Aerosols (TERESA) Study
R827353C014 Identifying the Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter Responsible for the Observed Adverse Health Effects
R827353C015 Research Coordination Core
R827353C016 Analytical and Facilities Core
R827353C017 Technology Development and Transfer Core