This class provides for electrophotographically reproducing
an original (e.g., document) by the action of light directly from
the original to a photoconductive member whose electrical conductivity,
electrical charge, magnetic condition, or electrical emissivity
of a photoconductive medium is selectively altered by the action
of light to produce an electrostatic latent image which persists
after imaging based upon differences in such electrical property.
The latent image is made visible by development; and the developed
image may be made permanent by transfer and fixing, or fixing. This
class provides for the subcombinations directed to charging, developing,
transferring, fixing, cleaning, or sheet feeding for an electrophotographic
apparatus whether or not the imaging light is directly from the
original. This class also provides for methods and means for perfecting
the apparatus provided above (e.g., control of electrophotographic
process, diagnostics, operator interface, etc.).
(1)
Note. The apparatus herein classified generally involves
the application of a uniform electrostatic charge to a photoresponsive medium
comprising a conductive support coated with a photoconductive insulator. Latent
electrostatic images are formed by exposure of an original directly
onto the photoresponsive medium through an optical lens system.
The charge applied to the light sensitive medium is selectively
discharged by exposure and remains only on selected portions of
the photoresponsive medium (i.e., those areas which correspond to
the original image). The photoresponsive medium is moved to a developing
station where toner is applied to the charged areas of the photoresponsive
medium forming a visible image thereupon. The photoresponsive medium
is then moved to a transfer station where the toned image is transferred to
a copy substrate (e.g., a piece of paper). The toned substrate is
then fed to a fixing station where the toner is permanently affixed
to the paper, usually by heat or pressure. The photoresponsive medium
is then moved to a cleaning station where untransferred toner and
any leftover electrical charge are removed so another copy cycle
can begin.
(2)
Note. The use of the limitation "directly" above
excludes image formation systems in which an image of an original
is detected and converted to electrical signals which are subsequently
utilized to generate further illumination signals to optically form
an image of the original on the medium. This excluded subject matter
may be found, for example, in Class 347, subclasses 112+, and
in Class 358, subclasses 400-304 and more specifically 401. However,
the nominal recitation of a light image to an electrical signal
or an equivalent statement would not serve to exclude subject matter
from Class 399. Also, Electrophotography has no modification of
converted electrical signals.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Each subclass definition may contain an OTHER CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEMS listing that is to be used for informational purposes only.
These classification listings may change at any time after their
publication and are therefore not guaranteed to be current. In
addition, the classification listing does not necessarily indicate
the sole relationship between the U.S. Patent Classification System
and foreign classifications. Even where a single classification
is listed for a single U.S. subclass, a one-to-one correlation should
not be inferred. As a result, information contained therein is considered
to be only a guide to related subject matter.
Types of other classification systems may include IPC6 which
indicates an International Patent Classification (sixth edition) of
the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), JPO/FI
which indicates the Japanese Patent Office and its File Index (FI
is a subdivision of the IPC with related subject matter) classifications,
or the European Patent Classification (EPC) which indicates the
European Patent Office"s classification and also further
subdivides the IPC into related subject matter.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
In Class 250, Radiant Energy, subclass 315.3 provides for
xerographic copying methods and apparatus which utilize invisible
radiation, subclass 317.1 provides for infrared or thermal image
document pattern copying methods or apparatus, and subclasses 582
and 583 provides for methods and apparatus to expose by radiant energy
a recording detector. Copying methods are classified in Class 430,
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof.
ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY APPARATUS COMBINED WITH ANOTHER STRUCTURE
OR STRUCTURES AND CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Claims which recite apparatus for photographing something
other than an original or carrier as herein defined and also for
copying an original or carrier are classified in Class 396, Photography,
especially subclasses 310+, 322+, and 429+,
or Class 346, Recorders. Class 386, Television Signal Processing
for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing, subclasses 30, 42, 43, 128+,
and 130+ provide for the photocopying which includes forming
a television image where a cathode-ray tube is recited. Class 396,
Photography, subclasses 429+, provides for patents where
only a nominal cathode-ray tube is recited. The combination of
a detailed register with a broadly or specifically claimed copier
is classified in Class 235, Registers. (See the first paragraph
of the Class 235 class definition.)
Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially
subclasses 52+, provides for film advancing mechanisms
where no more than a nominal optical or photocopying element is
claimed. Photographic lights and projection lights, per se, are
in Class 362, Illumination, subclasses 3+ and 257+.
Class 271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, provides for sheet feeding or
delivering means where no specific electrophotographic structure
is recited. Class 359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication)
and Elements, provides for lenses in subclasses 642+, reflectors
in subclasses 838+, and optical absorption filters in subclasses
885+.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for devices for merely cleaning the photosensitive medium,
particularly
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for devices for treating a coating, including fusing
or coalescing a particulate coating by solvent vapor treatment,
per se.
Coating Apparatus, for apparatus for producing configured coatings applied
to a support material under the control or direction of electrical,
magnetic, or radiant energy applied to the coating material in a
predetermined pattern; for applying a light sensitive coating to
a support material; for development or transfer, by a coating operation,
of images made by electric photography, or for applying protective
coatings to the developed or transferred image; also any or all
of these combined with aftertreatment of the developed image or
cleaning of the light sensitive medium, especially
subclasses 51 , 58+, 72+, 200+, 308+,
620+, 720+, and 722+.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for methods of cleaning the photosensitive medium, particularly
subclasses 1+ for cleaning including the application of electrical,
radiant, or wave energy.
Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for generic fluid handling
apparatus which may be used to apply liquid toner to a latent image
to make it visible.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses 116.5+ for generic stop mechanisms which may be used for
power stop control of electrophotographic movable platen scanners.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for methods and apparatus
for forming or developing an image by electrolysis, electro-osmosis,
electrophoresis, or cathode sputtering, and combinations of electric
photographic apparatus therewith.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially
subclasses 52+ for film advancing means in a copier where no more
than one optical element is claimed and where no detailed optics
are recited, and appropriate subclasses for means to advance, for
example, photoresponsive electrophotographic copy paper on rolls.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclasses 44+ for means to control the humidity of paper used
in an electrophotographic copier or the atmosphere within the copier,
for example.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 159+ and 324+ for apparatus used to wind or unwind
rolls of photoresponsive electrographic material, reeling and unreeling
means of the type employed in still picture apparatus and for the
type used in motion picture devices, for subject matter where no
cooperation between an optical element and reeling mechanism is recited,
where no detailed optical element is set forth, and where only one
nominally claimed optical element is present.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 315.3 for methods and apparatus for xerographic copying
by use of invisible radiation, subclass 316.1 for related electrostatic
recorders using infrared or thermal radiation to form the latent
image of an original which is copied by electrophotography, subclasses
317.1+ for document copies relying upon infrared or thermal
patterns of the document transferred to the copy paper, and subclasses
582 and 583 for an apparatus to expose, by invisible radiation generally,
a recording detector generally.
Compositions, for subject matter, especially
subclass 501.1 photosensitive electrically conductive or emissive
compounds, used as electrophotographic photoresponsive media, as well
as for other compositions used in electrophotographic devices.
Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,
subclasses 75+ for generic apparatus which places a document or
item to be developed in contact with liquid developer or vice versa.
Recorders,
subclasses 74.2+ for related magnetographic recording devices, subclasses
107.1+ for light or beam recording, and subclasses 150.1+ for
related electrostatic recording apparatus and processes.
Incremental Printing and Symbolic Information,
subclasses 1 through 109for ink jets, particularly subclass 55 for applying
an electric field ejection intermittently; subclasses 111 through
170 for electric marking, particularly subclass 158 for delivering
to the recording medium visible particles to develop a latent image;
subclasses 171 through 223 for thermal printers; and subclasses
224 through 264 for light (i.e., ROS scanners).
Optics: Image Projectors, appropriate subclasses for picture carriers, projection
printing of composite images, and for editing or auxiliary viewing
devices associated with image projectors.
Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for optical measurement and
test instruments used in diagnostic testing of an electrophotographic
copier.
Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for static presentation processing (e.g., processing
data for printer, etc.) and subclass 300 for electrostatic or electrolytic
facsimile recording apparatus which may be combined with electrophotographic
copiers. Class 399, Electrophotography, has no modification of converted electrical
signals.
Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements, appropriate subclasses for optical elements of an electrophotographic
copier"s illumination and image formation system, especially
subclasses 642+ for lenses, in subclasses 838+ for reflectors,
and subclasses 885+ for optical absorption filters.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
Illumination,
subclasses 3+ and 257+ for photographic and projection
light source subcombinations which may include condenser lenses having
no other photocopying structure, and subclasses 227+ for
plural sources of illumination.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclasses 1+ for applications of counters, including subclass
8 for counting flat articles (e.g., sheets).
Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording
or Reproducing,
subclass 30 , 42, 43, 128+, and 130 for a photographic
recorder in combination with detailed television means for first
transmitting an image of the original to the surface of a cathode-ray
tube and then photographing that image.
Photography, especially
subclasses 310+ , 322+, and 429+ for photocopying
in combination with photographing of an object other than a sheet
or film strip and also for copying a sheet or film strip by first
transmitting an image of the original to the surface of a nominally
claimed cathode-ray tube and then photographing the image on the
surface of the cathode-ray tube.
Coating Processes, especially
subclasses 458+ for related subject matter involving the direct application
of electrical, magnetic, or wave energy to form, cure, or otherwise
affect electrophotographic coatings.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry,
process, composition, or product, especially
subclasses 31+ for related electrophotographic processes; for
purposes of classification, Class 430, subclasses 31+,
controls over Class 399; where the process claimed is expressed
in terms of Class 399 apparatus or subcombinations thereof, placement
is appropriate in Class 399.
Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components, appropriate subclasses for generic systems and components
which may be used to drive electrophotographic, photoresponsive,
endless webs or belts.
Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, appropriate subclasses for computer data processing
for measuring, calibrating, or testing that may include photographic
devices.
Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Support,
subclasses 182 through 186for system access control based on cryptographic
user identification.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault
Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for generic diagnostic testing
involving data processing.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
ELECTROSTATOGRAPHY
The formation and utilization of latent electrostatic charge
patterns for recording or reproducing patterns in viewable form,
for example: reproducing information from an original or carrier
by selectively exposing a photoconductive member to an electrical
or magnetic condition that produces a latent image whereby the image
is developed to a visible image, then transferred and fixed from
the photoconductive member to a medium.
LIGHT SOURCE
The source of illumination for the copier. The light source
includes filters, reflectors, screens, and other light modifiers
used to affect the spectral distribution, spatial distribution,
and intensity of the illumination.
IMAGE
The representation of an object (e.g.,original, carrier) produced
by the transmission or reflection of light incident upon the original.
IMAGE-BEARING MEMBER
A substrate for holding an electrostatic charge pattern
or a toner image.
IMAGE, LATENT
The invisible image produced by the action of light alone
or with other electrostatic charge-producing means on, or in, a
photoreceptor. A latent image may be made visible by development.
IMAGING
Forming an image that is a reproduction of an original.
MACHINE
A complete unit, in itself, for imaging an original or
carrier onto a receiver. It may also include means for developing,
transferring, and fixing the image, as well as means for handling
the record carrier on which the image is fixed.
MASTER
(a) The negative or positive original from which reproductions
are made, (b) a microform copy used for the production of copies,
or (c) a copy from which additional reproductions are made.
NEGATIVE
A visible image on a copy material in which the dark portions
of an original appear light and the light portions appear dark.
ORIGINAL
Any object (generally two-dimensional) from which a copy
is made by forming an image thereof on a photoconductor.
PHOTOCONDUCTIVE MATERIAL
A material that is an insulator in the dark and conducts electricity
in proportion to the amount of impinging light or actinic radiation.
This is usually provided as a layer of electrically conductive
material on a conductive support. During use, the electrical conductor
is charged (sensitized) in the dark, and light (in image configuration)
allows or causes the electrically conductive layer to conduct so
that the charge leaks through to the conductive layer leaving a
charge pattern corresponding to the original image (electrostatic
latent image).
PHOTOCONDUCTIVE MEMBER
A medium whose electrical conductivity, electrical charge,
magnetic condition, or electrical emissivity is selectively altered
by the action of electromagnetic radiation during imaging.
PLATEN
A flat or curved piece of rigid material on or against which
an original is placed for imaging the original onto a photoconductive
member.
TONER
Charged material (e.g., finely divided powder; i.e.,
usually thermoplastic or pigmented polymer particles), ink, or magnetic
particles used in electrostatic processes to make visible a latent
image and which may be treated (e.g., fused, dried, etc.) to render
the image permanent. Toner can be charged by triboelectric action,
by the direct application of charge (e.g., corona), or by inducing
the charge through the action of the electrostatic latent image.
The material may include or exclude a carrier element and may also
be called "marking particles" or "developer
material."
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an electrophotographic device is
combined with another art device or structure having an added purpose
or independent utility other than to perfect an electrophotographic
device and which combination is not provided for elsewhere.
Telegraphy,
subclasses 77+ for an electrophotographic copier combined with
means for electronically sending a copy of the original from the
copier as well as making a copy thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
forming an image by an apparatus other than that provided for in
this class.
(1)
Note. This subject matter, for example, may include an electrophotographic device
that is combined with a raster output scanner used as an alternative
exposure unit.
(2)
Note. Diverse subject matter may have techniques of image
formation using an embossing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the diverse image is formed by a
charge pattern deposited onto or discharged from a medium forming
a latent image.
Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information,
subclasses 112+ wherein an image is formed by depositing an electrostatic
charge on or removing an electrostatic charge from a medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein a common optical component or light
source is used for the image formation of this class and the diverse
image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein an image produced by diverse imaging
apparatus is combined with an image that is produced by the action
of light directly from an original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein an image source, other than an original
provided for in this class, is used in addition to or in place of
the original.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
transmitting or receiving data about a condition of an electrophotographic
device or component thereof to an external location.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
detecting or analyzing (a) a condition that is outside the normal
operating condition or (b) a malfunction or potential malfunction
of an electrophotographic device or component thereof.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include detection
of an access door not being closed.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 452+ for testing a material property using electrostatic
phenomenon (this type of test may be employed to determine the humidity or
electrical insulating properties of copy paper, a photosensitive
material, etc.) and subclasses 457+ which employ means
to measure an electrostatic field, such a field being an integral
property of the electrophotographic process.
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 445+ for testing the reflectivity of the copy paper,
for example, to determine proper exposure, toner concentration,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein data is recorded or stored (e.g.,
in memory) of an analyzed performance, a malfunction, or a series
of abnormal events of an electrophotographic device or component.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include printing
of status.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
detecting or distinguishing an attachable or replaceable part of
a particular type or color or manufacturer or condition.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include a product
identification of a replacement part that would otherwise be physically
attachable to the apparatus (e.g., toner cartridges for different
colors).
(2)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include determining
if a component is new or used.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
distinguishing whether or not a component is either present or properly attached
in an operative manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
determining that an acceptable copy cannot be produced because of
the condition or nature of the original or an unsuitable feature
selection or a machine default condition.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
analyzing a movement of a sheet medium through a traveled path of
an electrophotographic device or component; or for analyzing the
presence or absence of a sheet or recording medium, or holder therefor.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include forms
of movement such as feeding, inverting, stacking, sorting, collating,
and conveying.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclasses 44+ for means to control the humidity of paper used in
an electrophotographic copier, or the atmosphere within the copier
to improve performance of the apparatus.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, appropriate subclasses for subject matter related
to winding and unwinding electrophotographic photoresponsive webs,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the electrophotographic device performs
a corrective operation in addition to or beyond displaying a warning
or shuts down in response to the document handling abnormality.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include, for example, performing
a cleaning operation in response to a jam or the automatic displacement
of parts.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00C3
for machine control (e.g., microprocessor control).
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
completing a job run in progress or accounting for lost copies after
an interruption or shutdown.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
analyzing whether or not a sheet medium is traveling normally through
a path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
detecting whether or not the copy medium has failed to separate
from an imaging or fixing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
determining the need for replacement of copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
determining the usable lifespan or exhaustion of a component or
perishable material.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may also include maintenance
counters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein the component is a single unit that
contains both a photoconductive member and an apparatus for one
or more of charging, exposing, developing, transferring, and cleaning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
determines whether or not a light-responsive member or a portion
thereof is defective or needs replacement.
(1)
Note. A light-responsive member has a particular physical,
electrical, or magnetic characteristic which enables the member
to change its (a) electrical resistivity or (b) conductivity or
(c) charge or (d) emissivity or (e) magnetic condition or (f) persistent
internal polarization upon exposure to radiant energy in the form
of light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
determining whether or not replenishment or replacement is, or may
be, required for developer material.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include carrier
particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
determining defects or abnormalities in material used to visualize
a latent image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter wherein the need for replenishment or replacement
is determined by a means or method that analyzes a ratio of toner
particles to carrier particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
analyzes an abnormal condition for forming a latent or toner image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
analyzing a light source, light projection, or scanning system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
analyzing an abnormal condition of permanently fixing a toner image
to a copy medium or substrate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
analyzing the performance of a residual toner removal system.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive
member), including a cleaning member cyclically movable into and
out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
determining the condition (e.g., fullness, presence, absence, etc.)
of a holder for removed toner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
analyzes the mechanical movement of a motor operation or motor-driven component.
(1)
Note. The component being driven may be a drum or the belts
of a photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
analyzes an electrical source or its connection to an electrophotographic
device or component.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation of
static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
senses a condition or change of condition and effects an image-forming
operation of an electrophotography process (e.g., charging, exposing,
developing, transfer, fixing, or cleaning), component, or device
in response to the sensed or changed condition.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter includes the following
controlling arrangements: control of ion modulation, forming a new
latent image for plural developing or transferring in response to voltage
detection, control of treatment of developed image prior to transfer,
reformation of latent image for producing multiple copies, and enablement
of image formation in response to detection of charge, exposure,
or concentration. For other controlling arrangements within the
electrophotographic apparatus which do not involve the electrophotographic
process, see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
controlling each of a group of individual image formations that
are combined to produce a color copy.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include controlling charging
or exposure or developing.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein a second or subsequent color toner
image is developed on the previously developed image(s).
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein color balance is achieved by regulating
the amount of colored toner being applied to a latent image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein an electrophotography system or method
has the capacity to perform one or more of the functions of recognition, speech
signal processing, knowledge processing (i.e., propositional logic,
reasoning, learning, self-improvement), complex operations of a
manipulator (e.g., robot* control), or inexact reasoning
(e.g., fuzzy logic).
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
effects a change in condition-responsive control according to an
amount of copies produced or a passage of time.
(1)
Note. A control cycle being run every (n) times a copy is
produced is classified with that control.
(2)
Note. A change in the set value of a process (e.g., charging,
exposure, mode according to number of copies, etc.) that is otherwise
not condition-responsive controlled is classified below. See SEARCH
THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
compensates or adjusts a control parameter in response to a temperature
or humidity condition within the electrophotographic device.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include temperature control
of fusing in response to fusing temperature detection. For fusing
temperature control subject matter, see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS
below.
(2)
Note. For example, a voltage applied to the charger is adjusted
according to the temperature of the photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
compensates or adjusts a control parameter of the electrophotographic
device in response to the detection of copy media type or attribute.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
a controlling operation of two or more image-forming processes (i.e.,
charging, exposing, developing, or transfer) in response to a sensed
or changed condition.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 452+ for testing a material property using electrostatic
phenomenon (this type of test may be employed to determine the humidity or
electrical insulating properties of copy paper, a photosensitive
material, etc.) and subclasses 457+ which employ means
to measure an electrostatic field, such a field being an integral
property of the electrophotographic process.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00C7E
for characteristics for an electrical parameter
(e.g., voltage).
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a charge or potential level of a
photoconductive member is adjusted in response to the sensed condition.
(1)
Note. This subject matter is for the charging of a photoconductive
member only. For other charging (e.g., charging of toner), see
SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS below.
(2)
Note. This subject matter includes, for example, using light
exposure to control the charge level.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry,
process, composition, or product, especially Cross-Reference Art
Collection 902 for cross-reference art collections involving charging.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/02
for sensitizing (i.e., laying down a uniform charge).
JPOFI
G03G
15/02 102
for arrangements for the control or the circuits.
EPC
G03G
15/02C
for an arrangement for controlling the amount of
a charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
controlling the illumination of an original in response to the sensed
condition.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes regulating the amount
of voltage or current to a lamp that illuminates an original or
to a shutter in the optical path, or regulating the amount of light
used in the formation of the latent image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter wherein the illumination is controlled in
response to the detected image density of an original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
controls the application of toner to the latent image in response
to detection of an image-forming condition.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include, for example, dispensing
toner in response to a sensed condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the bias is controlled in response
to the sensed potential of a latent image to be developed.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes a "self-biased" electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter wherein a liquid level, concentration, or
additive is controlled in response to a detected condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter wherein an amount or percentage of toner
within the toner and carrier mixture is controlled.
(1)
Note. The concentration is generally effected by adding new
toner to the developing unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
designating a threshold level in response to a toner-carrier concentration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein the concentration control is effected
according to the sensed amount or density of toner that has been
applied to a latent image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein the concentration is controlled in
response to detecting a property of the developer.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter includes electrical
property of toner or charge/mass ratio (Q/M).
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the concentration is controlled in
response to a detected toner and carrier mixture ratio.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
detecting the concentration by using the magnetic properties of
toner or carrier material.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/10
for using a liquid developer.
EPC
G03G
15/08H1M
for a concentration being measured by magnetic means.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/10
for using a liquid developer.
EPC
G03G
15/08H1L
for a concentration being measured by optical means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter wherein the toner to be detected is attracted
to a detection location by an applied voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
controlling a parameter which causes a toner image to move from
one surface or member to another.
(1)
Note. A parameter may be for example voltage, current, or
pressure.
(2)
Note. Included herewithin is control of separation and electrical
discharge of copy medium to remove charge applied by transfer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
controlling a parameter which causes a developed image to be permanently attached
to a copy medium or substrate.
(1)
Note. A parameter may be, for example, voltage, current,
or pressure.
(2)
Note. Common applications for attaching an image to a copy
medium are heat, pressure, and solvent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein a speed at which the copy is transported
through the fixing arrangement is regulated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
controlling the amount of thermal energy that is applied to permanently
fix a developed image to a copy medium or substrate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter wherein the temperature of a fixing unit
is (a) controlled on power initiation or (b) set to a predetermined
temperature when the fixing unit is idle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
controlling a parameter which causes removal of developed material
from an imaging surface after an image is transferred to a copy
medium.
(1)
Note. A parameter may be, for example, voltage, current,
or pressure.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e. photoconductive
member), including a cleaning member cyclically movable into and
out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
creating a latent or toner test image that can be detected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
measuring a potential or charge level of a photoconductive member.
(1)
Note. The electrometer may also be called an electrostatic
voltmeter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for measuring
an optical density of toner.
(1)
Note. The optical density is the negative logarithm of the
percent transmittance (or reflectance) or a transparent material (or
opaque). For example, photographic transmission, photographic reflection, visual
transmission of a material, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
performing the basic cyclic operation necessary for the apparatus
to run.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein the cyclic operation actuates the
various components of the apparatus in the proper timing and sequence
for producing a copy.
(1)
Note. Normal electrophotographic device functions, such as
xerographic and paper handling, are classified below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter wherein the timing and sequence are provided
by computer processing by a list of software instructions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter wherein the timing and sequence are provided
by a generated series of clock pulses or a plurality of timed control
signals.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/14
for electronic sequencing control.
EPC
G03G
21/14B
for sequencing control wherein control pulses are
generated by the mechanical movement of parts of the machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
authorizes, counts, or registers an amount of copy medium produced
from an electrophotographic device.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include vending,
renting, or charging a customer.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclasses 13 through 16for accounting of machine or apparatus operating
or monitoring time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein an input or output arrangement is
provided for communicating with an operator of the electrophotographic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
selecting document handling functions to be performed on a group
of documents by a sequence of operations.
(1)
Note. For example, document handling functions may include
simplex or duplex, one or both sides, transparencies, number of
copies, collate or stack, magnification, etc.
(2)
Note. This subject matter may include selection of a color
to be used or a "default mode setting," in addition
to other attributes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein a job mode is determined in response
to detection of indicia or a mark on an original or other medium.
(1)
Note. A mode is set, initiated, or changed by detection of
a key sheet, marked original, or record card. The key sheet is
generally on top of a stack of originals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the job mode is changeable to a different
setting automatically or during operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter wherein the job mode is automatic selection
of the size of the copy medium or the magnification.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00C11
for matching the image with the size of the copy
material (e.g., by calculating the magnification or selecting the
adequate copy material size).
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter wherein an operating mode is stopped to allow
a second job mode to be run and the original mode is returned to
after the completion of the second job mode.
(1)
Note. Generally a first mode of operation is interrupted
before completion to enter a second job mode. This includes returning
to the first mode after completing the second.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
feeding electrical energy to an electrophotographic device.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
JPOFI
G03G
21/00 398
for electrical power source control, (e.g., arrangement
for electrical power sources).
EPC
G03G
15/00P
for details relating to power supplies, circuit
boards, and electrical connections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
connecting electrical signals or power between operative components
or for a ground connection to a photoconductive member.
Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,
subclasses 1+ for a timer controlled by a disparate device and subclasses
10+ for a timer combined with a disparate device.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00P
for details relating to power supplies, circuit
boards, and electrical connections.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein method or apparatus is provided that
prevents or ameliorates adverse conditions of the machine interior atmosphere.
(1)
Note. For example, adverse conditions include high or low
temperature, vibration, noise, humidity, scattered toner, or contaminants.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
generating air flow within the electrophotographic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
screening out particles or gas within the atmosphere of the electrophotographic
device.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/20
for humidity or temperature control.
JPOFI
G03G
21/00 534
for humidity or temperature control (e.g., by using
a heater or a fan).
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
adjusting or dealing with adverse temperature within the electrophotographic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided to
prevent overheating of a structure for supporting an original during
exposure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
heating or cooling a photoconductive member.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter includes detecting
a temperature of a photoconductive member for controlling the heating
or cooling thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for regulating
or ameliorating adverse conditions due to the moisture content of
the environment within the electrophotographic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided that limits
the harmful effects caused by toner dust, mist, or other airborne
fragments.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes applying a voltage
or electrical connection to part(s) of the apparatus to prevent the
attraction or settling of airborne particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for the
cleaning of scattered, airborne, or spilled toner from parts of
the electrophotographic device other than the surface bearing a developed
electrostatic latent image.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes an arrangement for
cleaning toner from the surface of the photoconductive member that
does not receive toner for imaging. For cleaning toner from parts
that normally come in contact with toner (e.g., developing, doctor
blade, etc.), see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter wherein particles or contaminants are removed
from the apparatus for applying charge to the photoconductive member.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry,
process, composition, or product, especially Cross-Reference Art
Collection 902 for charging.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/02
for laying down a uniform charge (e.g., for sensitizing;
corona discharge device).
JPOFI
G03G
15/02 103
for safety and cleaning arrangement.
EPC
G03G
15/02B
for the maintenance of the charging device (e.g.,
cleaning device or ozone removing device).
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter wherein particles or contaminants are removed
from the apparatus for transferring a latent image to a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided that prevents
the escape of toner or developer material from an internal unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for preventing
toner from escaping the developing unit.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/08
for using solid developer or powder developer.
JPOFI
G03G
15/08 505
for preventing the toner scattering.
G03G
15/09
for preventing the toner scattering using a magnetic
brush.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for preventing
toner from escaping a removable, sealed container.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a housing arrangement of the electrophotographic
component or device has a replaceable or displaceable configuration
for transporting, reconfiguration, maintenance, service, or repair.
(1)
Note. For parts of the apparatus undergoing displacement
during normal operation, see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein an electrophotography device has
an ability to be transported or moved by hand (i.e., carried).
(1)
Note. This may also include an electrophotographic device
that operates from a battery power supply, solar power supply, or
portable energy source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein parts of the apparatus, such as a
process cartridge, are serviced, reconditioned, or modified for
further use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein parts of the apparatus are removable
or movable to gain access to the interior or other parts of the
electrophotographic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the particular structure provides
a photoconductive member and one or more means for charging, exposing,
developing, transferring, etc., as a contained, separate unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the process cartridge unit is capable
of producing a copy that has more than one color.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the process cartridge is designed
or arranged to be disassembled or separated into component parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for a
protective encasement to the process cartridge unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the means for applying a charge to
or removing it from an imaging member is displaceable, removable,
or adjustable.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include, for example, an arrangement
for manually positioning or replacing a corona wire.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry,
process, composition, or product, especially
subclass 902 for charging.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/02
for sensitizing (i.e., laying down a uniform charge).
JPOFI
G03G
15/02 102
for arrangements for the control or the circuits.
EPC
G03G
15/02C
for an arrangement for controlling the amount of
a charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the removable or replaceable unit
is an electrostatic, latent, image-bearing member.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
JPOFI
G03G
21/00 354
structure arranged for replacing a photosensitive
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for bearing
support of a cylindrically shaped photoconductive member.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided that allows
an alignment of an optical component between an original and a photoconductive
member.
(1)
Note. The optical components may consist of reflectors, mirrors,
or lens, or holders therefor, to guide a light from an original
to a photoconductive member.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the removable or replaceable unit
applies toner to a latent image to render the image visible.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the displaceable or removable part
is an arrangement for transferring an image from one surface or
medium to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the displaceable or removable part
is an arrangement for permanently adhering toner to a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the displaceable or removable part
is provided for cleaning a surface of an image-bearing member.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive
member), including a cleaning member cyclically movable into and
out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive, imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the displaceable part gives access
to a traveled path of the original or copy medium.
(1)
Note. The copy-medium path of travel may be before or after
image transfer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein a housing arrangement is provided
with an upper frame and a lower frame that opens and closes about
a pivot point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter wherein a mechanical means such as a screw
or cam is provided for setting or changing the position of a component.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein one or more of charging, exposing,
developing, or cleaning is performed other than during, or directly
for, copying or reproduction.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include, for example, prewetting,
prerotation, or postrotation.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry,
process, composition, or product, especially Cross-Reference Art
Collection 902 for charging.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
G03G
21/06
for eliminating residual charges from a reusable
imaging member.
G03G
21/08
for using optical radiation.
JPOFI
G03G
21/00 340
for eliminating residual charge.
G03G
21/00 342
for using optical radiation.
G03G
21/00 345
for fatigue treatment of the photosensitive material.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a copy is produced by making a latent
image visible with toner or marking particles.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes a second or subsequent
exposure or development of the same image to enhance the reproduction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein particles suspended in an insulative
liquid carrier between electrodes migrate in an image configuration
in response to both an electrical potential difference between electrodes
across the suspension and light exposure in image configuration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a latent electrostatic image is made
visible by the deformation of a thermoplastic layer.
(1)
Note. The deformation is usually by heat or solvent.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
16/00
for electrographic processes using deformation of
thermoplastic layers.
JPOFI
G03G
16/00
for electrographic processes using deformation of
thermoplastic layers.
EPC
G03G
16/00
for electrographic processes using deformation of
thermoplastic layers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein is provided an imaging layer between
a donor sheet and a receiver sheet that is structurally fracturable
in response to the combined effect of an applied electrical field
and exposure that provides a negative image on one of the sheets
and a positive image on the other.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
17/08
for using an electrophoto-adhesive process (e.g.,
manifold imaging).
JPOFI
G03G
17/08
for using an electrophoto-adhesive process (e.g.,
manifold imaging).
EPC
G03G
17/08
for using an electrophoto-adhesive process (e.g.,
manifold imaging).
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein the photoconductive member is in
the form of a screen or grid or apertures and, after formation of
a latent image as per the class definition, serves to modulate the
flow of ions or charged particles to produce a similar or the same
latent image on a second member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a latent electrostatic image in or
on a photoconductive member is transferred to or reproduced on a
separate second member, generally dielectric and in contact or separated
by a small gap, by conduction of electrical charges across the gap
or by direct transfer of charge between the members under the influence
of light in imagewise configuration, where one or both of the members
are precharged or a voltage is applied therebetween during imaging.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/05
for imagewise charging (e.g., photoconductive control
screen, optically activated charging means).
JPOFI
G03G
15/044
by charge transfer onto the recording material in
accordance with the image.
G03G
15/18 101
by simultaneously performing the exposure and the
latent image transfer.
EPC
G03G
15/044
by charge transfer onto the recording material in
accordance with the image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein the original image is stored in a
light image memory in an optical component between the original
and photoconductive member.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
an operator to select or adjust the relative lightness or darkness
of a reproduced image.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes adjustment for line
image or photo image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a toner image is formed and subsequently
used as the original for further reproduction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein formation of an electrophotographic
image is reproduced in miniature (e.g., microfilm or microfiche)
on a thin flexible cellulose material.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter includes multiframe
microfiche film that may be used in conjunction with a microphotographic
copying machine.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/22
for involving the combination of more than one step
according to groups G03G 13/02 to 13/20.
EPC
G03G
15/22A2
for machines handling microimages (e.g., microfilm
copiers).
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a section of the film process head
is directed to applying toner to a latent image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein method or apparatus is provided for
automatically or selectively producing either a positive copy (relative
light and dark portions are the same in original and copy) or a
negative copy (light and dark portions are reversed between original
and copy).
(1)
Note. The negative copy mode is generally used for producing
a copy with a white background where the original has a black background
(e.g., negative film).
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for making
a full-size reproduction from a microfilm or microfiche original.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include an arrangement for
viewing the image to be reproduced.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/22
for involving the combination of more than one step
according to groups G03G 13/02 to 13/20.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein apparatus is provided for developing
the same electrostatic latent image more than one time to produce
plural copies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an original and a photoconductive
member are adjacent or in close proximity to each other during exposure.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/22
for involving the combination of more than one step
according to groups G03G 13/02 to 13/20.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a separate film is provided between
a photoconductive member and a developing unit for indirect development
or development on a reverse side of a photosensitive sheet bearing
a latent image.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/22
for involving the combination of more than one step
according to groups G03G 13/02 to 13/20.
EPC
G03G
15/048D
for the image being formed on a dielectric cover
layer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
performs two or more electrophotographic functions (e.g., charging,
exposing, developing, transferring, fixing, and cleaning).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/22
for involving the combination of more than one step
according to groups G03G 13/02 to 13/20.
G03G
15/24
whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously.
JPOFI
G03G
15/22 101C
by two revolutions, one copy type.
G03G
15/24
whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously.
EPC
G03G
15/24
whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously.
G03G
15/30C
with more than one photoconductor revolution for
each copying cycle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter wherein a single electrophotographic component
performs the functions of developing a latent image and cleaning
the photoconductive member.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive
member), including for a cleaning member cyclically movable into
and out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein one or more electrophotographic process
units (e.g., a charger) is attached to or integrated with a movable
scanning carriage for exposing the original.
(1)
Note. Other electrophotographic process units may be a developing
unit, transfer unit, fixing unit, or cleaning unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for developing
a latent image on a photoconductive member while it is being exposed in
image configuration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for applying
a charge to the photoconductive member at the same time it is being exposed,
typically through an aperture in the frame of a corona charging
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for transferring
an electrostatic latent image from one medium or substrate to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein the photoconductor moves in a back-and-forth
motion during the electrophotographic process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for supplemental
charging or exposure of an electrostatic latent image.
(1)
Note. The additional charging or exposure may occur before
or after the latent image is completely formed.
with means for charging or discharging distinct
portions of the charge pattern on the recording material (e.g.,
for contrast enhancement or discharging nonimage areas).
JPOFI
G03G
15/052
by charging or discharging after sensitizing.
EPC
G03G
15/052
by charging or discharging after sensitizing (e.g.,
contrast enhancing processes).
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein the modification of the latent image
produces an outlined shape of the original image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a method or apparatus is provided
that allows a developed image to be observed that has not been fixed
or fused to a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a light responsive member has a particular
physical, electrical, or magnetic characteristic which enables the member
to change its (a) electrical resistivity or (b) conductivity or
(c) charge or (d) emissivity or (e) magnetic condition or (f) persistent internal
polarization upon exposure to radiant energy in the form of light.
(1)
Note. The light sensitive member may have, for example, a
distinctive shape, width, orientation angle, etc.
(2)
Note. This subject matter may include an arrangement for
interior exposure (i.e., from within a belt or drum) of the photoconductive
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
positioning or locating an image area in relation to a point along
a rotational path.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include compensation for a
seam in the photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
advancing unused portions of a photoconductive member to an operative
position.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes a rotatable hollow cylinder
and guiding apparatus around the periphery of the cylinder including
a portion located inside the cylinder for supplying and taking up
a web or belt and one or more openings in the periphery of the
cylinder through which the web or belt may be supplied and collected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided to
support a photoconductive belt at the point of engagement with an
operative component.
(1)
Note. An operative component, for example, may be an exposure
or developing device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
restricting the tracking motion of the photoconductive belt.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes tension adjustment
of the photoconductive belt.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, for a process or apparatus for tensioning (i.e.,
applying or regulating longitudinal stress) and for guiding (i.e.,
establishing or confining the path of movement of a running material
of indefinite length).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00H2
for relating to band (e.g., tensioning).
G03G
15/00H2A
for maintaining the lateral alignment of the band.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the photoconductive member is in
the form of a plate or a sheet attached to a rectangular plate.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein a driving arrangement is provided
that imparts motion to a photoconductive member.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include recitation of a particular
speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a method or apparatus is provided
that applies a voltage or current to a photoconductive member to
produce or remove an electrostatic charge potential.
(1)
Note. The applied voltage or current may remove a charge
from a photoconductive member. This subject matter does not include
removing a charge by the action of light.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, for
subclasses 212+ for means to discharge or prevent accumulation
of static electric charge and subclasses 225+ for electric
charge generating or conducting means.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry,
process, composition, or product, especially Cross-Reference Art
Collection 902 for charging.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/02
for sensitizing (i.e., laying down a uniform charge).
JPOFI
G03G
15/02
for laying down a uniform charge (e.g., for sensitizing;
Corona discharge devices).
G03G
15/02 101
for using the characteristics of the structure.
G03G
15/02 102
for arrangements for the control or the circuits.
EPC
G03G
15/02
for sensitizing (i.e., laying down a uniform charge).
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
limiting an electrical charge application to a selected area on
the photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein a high voltage is applied to a conductor
(e.g., wire) which causes a current to flow to the member to be charged
by ionization of the air or gas surrounding the conductor.
(1)
Note. This condition is not sufficient to cause sparking.
(2)
Note. This subject matter may include an arrangement to supply
new corona wire.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 225+ for electrical charging of objects and materials, particularly
subclass 235 for having a specific power supply.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter wherein a screen or wire electrode is provided
between the conductor (e.g., corona wire) and photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein a method or apparatus is provided
that conducts radiant energy in the form of light directly from
an original to an image-bearing member.
(1)
Note. The use of the limitation "directly" excludes
image formation systems in which an image of an original is detected
and converted to electrical signals which are subsequently utilized
to generate further illumination signals to optically form an image
of the original on the medium. This excluded subject matter may
be found, for example, in Class 346, subclasses 74.2+,
and in Class 358, subclasses 300 and 301.
(2)
Note. Exposure of a charged photoconductive member to a pattern
of light results in an electrostatic latent image.
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure by optically
projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material).
JPOFI
G03G
15/04
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure projecting
the original image on a recording material).
G03G
15/04 111
for using the characteristics of the optical system.
EPC
G03G
15/04
for exposing ( i.e., transmitting the information
given by the original image to the recording material; electron
beam tubes for electrography for transferring a charge pattern through
the face platen to the recording material).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a colored original is exposed to
a plurality of different colored lights to produce separation images.
(1)
Note. The plurality of different colors may be produced by
filters or different colored light sources.
(2)
Note. Rather than forming a total light image of an original,
the light image is filtered (or different colored exposure lights
are used) to produce a single-colored light image which is a light
image of the original. A succession of latent images are thus produced,
each corresponding to a separate, different-colored, single light
image. Each latent image is developed with toner complementary
in color to the color of the filtered light image. The toner images
are superimposed in registration to produce a color copy corresponding
to the latent image formed with red light developed with cyan toner.
A blue light image is developed with yellow toner. A green light image
is developed with magenta. Also, another term for color separation
images is color resolved images.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/01
for producing multicolored copies.
JPOFI
G03G
15/01 112
for producing multicolored copies using the characteristics related
to the exposure process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
reproduces an original image in lines, segments, or dots by enabling
an original to appear as if it were projected through a screen having
a lattice of parallel lines at a specified angle.
(1)
Note. Line or halftone images may be formed electrostatically
(e.g., via a photoconductive member with a line or periodic dot
pattern thereon).
(2)
Note. Color images are frequently exposed onto a photoconductive
member as line images formed at different specified angles for different
colors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
reproduces an original image in lines, segments, or dots.
(1)
Note. Lines or halftone images may be formed electrostatically
(e.g., via a photoconductive member with a line or periodic dot
pattern thereon).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
allows a particular or selected area of an original image to be
modified or reproduced.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes an area of an original
for reproduction in a specific or selected color.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
designates a specific portion of an original image to be edited.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include a composite image produced
by masking or trimming, and also detection of a marked portion (area)
of the original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
selecting the color developer material being applied to a selected
portion of an image-bearing member to produce a copy having a different
color than the original.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also including the achromatic colors
-- black, gray, and white -- or transparent areas.
(2)
Note. Developer material may be magnetic or nonmagnetic toner
particles, or toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material,
or magnetic or nonmagnetic toner particles mixed with magnetic particles
that act as carriers under the influence of a magnetic field.
(3)
Note. The apparatus can also be selectively operated to
produce a copy with only one color of toner present in the reproduction.
(4)
Note. In most cases the units not being selected are inoperative
after the time of selection. Selection may be done by an operator
or automatically.
(5)
Note. A full color reproduction contains all of the chromatic
colors in the original. It is usually achieved by using substractive
color primaries (e.g., cyan, magenta, and yellow).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein a pressure sensitive surface is used
to input the area of the original to be selected.
(1)
Note. The touch pad orientation may be in graphical terms
of a two-dimensional x,y coordinate system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein an illumination is applied to remove
charge from a latent image by an array of individually controllable
light sources.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/04
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure by optically
projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material).
EPC
G03G
15/052A
for discharging nonimage areas (e.g., erasing, producing
margins).
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter wherein an illumination is applied to remove
an electrostatic charge from an area corresponding to a border of
an original image.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/04
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure by optically
projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material).
EPC
G03G
15/052A
for discharging nonimage areas (e.g., erasing, producing
margins).
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the charge-removing illumination
is operated to produce a front portion free of toner on a copy medium.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may also include changes to the
feed timing of the copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the charge-removing illumination
is operated in response to detection of the position of a cover
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the charge-removing illumination
is applied to a region that is changeable in size.
(1)
Note. This size variation may include an area that varies
due to a change in magnification or an area that is determined by
detecting an original or its image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the charge-removing illumination
is light emitted from a light source that also exposes an original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein the charge-removing illumination
is provided by an erase light source that is positioned at the lateral
sides of the photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
shifting the position of an image with respect to a copy medium.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include erasing a portion of
the latent image to produce the offset.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/04
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure by optically
projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material).
EPC
G03G
15/052A
for discharging nonimage areas (e.g., erasing, producing
margins).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
reproduces exposures of several documents or portions thereof onto
one copy medium as one image.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may also include two separate exposures
of the same original where the entire image is copied twice.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a copy medium actuation or control
signal is produced by a moving original or optical component (e.g.,
scanning carriage).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
selectively producing a copy in more than one magnification ratio.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
varying an amount of light reaching a photoconductive member to
compensate for the change in magnification.
(1)
Note. An amount of light may be varied by intensity or cross-sectional
area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein copy magnification is varied through
an alternative optical component that focuses light by refraction.
(1)
Note. An additional lens may also include a lens that is
a substitute lens.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter wherein copy magnification is varied by moving
the location of an optical component that focuses light by refraction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter wherein an optical component that reflects
light is repositioned to compensate for a change in magnification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided that
selectively operates among different exposure configurations.
(1)
Note. An original may take the form of a film, book, different
weight paper, etc. The most common exposure configurations are
(a) an arrangement for thick or thin originals or (b) an arrangement where
a book is exposed by a moving scanning carriage or (c) an arrangement where
the scanning carriage is moved to a separate position and parked
or (d) an arrangement where an original is moved through the exposure
station by rollers.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/30
in which projection is formed on a drum.
EPC
G03G
15/30A
with arrangements for copying different kinds of
originals (e.g., sheets, books).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
movement of an optical component with relative positioning to a
corresponding location for an original or photoconductive member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a portion of an original image is
projected onto a photoconductive member continuously from one end
of an original to the other until the entire original is exposed.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include, for example, either
producing plural latent images from one exposure by splitting the
light from the original into two or more portions or producing latent images
on back and forth scanning.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/04
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure by optically
projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material).
G03G
15/28
in which projection is obtained by line scanning.
G03G
15/30
in which projection is formed on a drum.
JPOFI
G03G
15/04 113
for slit exposure (e.g., movement of the drum and
movement of the original image).
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided between
an original and a photoconductive member for regulating or adjusting
the cross-sectional area of the light reaching the photoconductive
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
regulating a velocity of a drive component involved in exposing
an original.
(1)
Note. A drive component may be an optical component, platen,
or scanning carriage which may be operated by open-loop or feedback
response circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
changing the distance moved by a platen or a scanning carriage.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
scanning an original by moving a light source or reflective apparatus
in parallel to a flat original.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/04
for exposing (i.e., imagewise exposure by optically
projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material).
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter wherein a reflector for directing light from
an original to a photoconductive member is provided on a member
moving in coordination with the scanning carriage and at one-half
the speed thereof.
(1)
Note. This subject matter provides a constant optical path
length as the scanning carriage moves along the original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
transporting an original past a stationary optical system.
(1)
Note. The moving of the original may be accomplished by rollers,
belts, rotating drum, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
rotating a reflective apparatus about a stationary pivot point for
scanning an original.
(1)
Note. For a pivoting mirror on a moving scanning carriage,
see the appropriate subclass under scanning.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a particular optical component which
focuses light by refraction is used during the exposure process.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
conveying light from an original image through a particular configuration
of glass or plastic fibers to a photoconductive member.
Optical Waveguides, for optical waveguiding element, per se, particularly
subclass 116 for imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure
and includes shaping, enhancing, and correcting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided between
a light source and an original for changing the emitted light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for making
visible a latent image by the application of developer material.
(1)
Note. Developer material may consist of magnetic or nonmagnetic
toner particles, toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material,
or magnetic or nonmagnetic toner particles mixed with magnetic particles
that act as carriers under the influence of a magnetic field. Toner
may also be called marking particles.
Coating Processes,
subclasses 457+ for related processes used to achieve the same
result as the apparatus herewithin. Processes primarily classifiable
in Class 427, subclasses 457+, focus on developing and
fixing and other coating steps, but may also claim latent image-forming
steps. For purposes of classification, claims which recite significant
amounts of apparatus of the type used in electrophotography are
not properly classifiable in Class 427, but may be classified herewithin
depending on whether or not an image formation apparatus is claimed.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, for developing methods,
subclasses 105 through 111.41for developing composition or products and subclasses
137.1-137.22 for processes of making the developing compositions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein more than one color of developer
material is provided for developing one or more latent images.
(1)
Note. The apparatus can also be selectively operated to produce
a copy with only one color of toner present in the reproduction.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 45.2 to produce a multicolor reproduction by a liquid developing
process or composition used to form the multicolor image and subclass
45.4 to produce a multicolor reproduction using developing composition
having five or more different color toners (e.g., pentachrome, hexachrome,
etc.) used to form the multicolor image.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/01
for producing multicolored copies.
JPOFI
G03G
15/01 111
by superposing the toners of three primary colors.
G03G
15/01 113
using the characteristics related to the development
process.
G03G
15/01 115
for correcting colors.
G03G
15/01 116
using a one-shot color method (e.g., a mosaic method
in which the toner is composed of toners of three primary colors).
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein developer materials of different
colors are added separately to an applicator or applicators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein an individual applicator selectively
or sequentially applies developer material of different colors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein a plurality of applicators are exchangeable
in relation to a single developing position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for activating
an applicator from a plurality of applicators that are all in developing positions
for applying colored developer material.
(1)
Note. This subject matter is usually provided to prevent
the nonselected device from applying toner to the photoconductive
member. This subject matter may also include movement away from
the photoconductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter wherein the selective activation means includes
changing or stopping the flow of developing material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter wherein a second or subsequent toner image
is developed on the previously developed image(s).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/01
for producing multicolored copies.
EPC
G03G
15/01S1B
onto which the monocolor images are superposed before
common transfer.
G03G
15/01S1B1
with special treatment between monocolor image formation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the overlapped toner image is of
a different polarity then the previous latent image or toner charge
polarity.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein means or method is provided for restraining
the flow of toner to prevent unwanted development (e.g., nonimage
areas).
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes the prevention of applying
toner on a photoconductive member and does not include using erase
lights for limiting development of a latent image. For prevention
of development by use of erase lights, see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS below.
Coating Processes,
subclasses 457+ for related processes used to achieve the same
result as the apparatus herewithin. Processes primarily classifiable
in Class 427, subclasses 457+, focus on developing and
fixing and other coating steps, but may also claim latent image-forming
steps. For purposes of classification, claims which recite significant
numbers of apparatus of the type used in electrophotography are
not properly classifiable in Class 427, but may be classified herewithin
depending on whether or not an image-formation apparatus is claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein a driving arrangement is provided
that sets or regulates a velocity at which developer is applied
to developing means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein a liquid developer is applied to
render the latent image visible.
(1)
Note. Liquid developer material (i.e., liquid toner) is usually
toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material.
(2)
Note. The liquid carrier may be an insulator hydrocarbon
liquid (e.g., kerosine).
(3)
Note. This subject matter does not include dry toner of granular
or particle type even though it may possess fluid properties. For
dry toner, see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in this subclass.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 194 through 297.16for electrolytic apparatus, subclasses 600-650
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses
660-674 for apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment
of liquid (other than separation).
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for applying
the liquid developer material to a latent image.
(1)
Note. Liquid developer material (i.e., liquid toner) is usually
toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 194 through 297.16for electrolytic apparatus, subclasses 600-650
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses
660-674 for apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment
of liquid (other than separation).
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein the application member is maintained
at a predetermined electrical potential to aid in or influence the
development.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 118.4 for processes of applying electrical bias in liquid development
processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a bias voltage is provided to influence
the attraction of liquid developer material to a latent image-bearing member.
(1)
Note. For example, this apparatus may include wires or a
screen having an applied voltage.
(2)
Note. Liquid developer material (i.e., liquid toner) is usually
toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 194 through 297.16for electrolytic apparatus, subclasses 600-650
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses
660-674 for apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment
of liquid (other than separation).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 118.4 for processes of applying electrical bias in liquid development
processes.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/10
for using a liquid developer.
JPOFI
G03G
15/06 102
for developing using electrode bias for a liquid
developer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein the electrode is in the form of a
plurality of sections or elements which each affects the development
in turn.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for maintaining
the electrode free from excessive deposits of liquid developer material.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive
member), including for a cleaning member cyclically movable into
and out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the liquid developer material is
forced under pressure onto a latent image-bearing member.
(1)
Note. The liquid developer material is usually unsupported
at the moment of contact with the image surface.
(2)
Note. Liquid developer material (i.e., liquid toner) is usually
toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 194 through 297.16for electrolytic apparatus, subclasses 600-650
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses
660-674 for apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment
of liquid (other than separation).
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the liquid developer material is
pumped against the force of gravity to a point where it contacts
a latent image-bearing member and subsequently flows into a drainage
outlet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a latent image-bearing member is
passed through a pool of the liquid developer material.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 194 through 297.16for electrolytic apparatus, subclasses 600-650
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses
660-674 for apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment
of liquid (other than separation).
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
excess liquid developer material from a developed image before transfer.
(1)
Note. Liquid developer material (i.e., liquid toner) is usually
toner particles mixed with a liquid carrier material.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 194 through 297.16for electrolytic apparatus, subclasses 600-650
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses
660-674 for apparatus for electrical (including simultaneous electrical
and magnetic) separation or purification of liquid or magnetic treatment
of liquid (other than separation).
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
liquid carrier moisture content from a copy medium.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/11
for removing excess liquid developer (e.g., by heat).
JPOFI
G03G
15/11
for removing excess liquid developer (e.g., by heat).
G03G
15/12
heating device.
EPC
G03G
15/12
for warming (i.e., drying or recording material
developed with a liquid developer).
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein a dry developer material is applied
to render the latent image visible.
(1)
Note. Dry developer material may be toner particles (magnetic
or nonmagnetic) mixed with magnetic particles that act as carriers
under the influence of a magnetic field.
(2)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include immersion
of the latent image in dry toner. For immersion with liquid toner,
see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for treating
impurities or unwanted effects and properties of dry developer material.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include filtered
toner being recycled from a cleaning unit.
(2)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include an arrangement
for preventing wrongly charged toner from being applied to a latent
image.
(3)
Note. The toner may be treated when fed into or when in the
developing unit (e.g., treated to remove impurities or heated to
remove moisture or coating).
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein the dry developer material is stirred
or agitated in a developing unit.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include blending
toner with carrier particles, and it may also include stirring toner
before the start of image formation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein additional new developer material
is mixed with developer material in the developing unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
dry developer material from the developing device.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/08
for using solid developer, powder developer.
JPOFI
G03G
15/08 507C
for collecting.
EPC
G03G
15/08H4
arrangement for purging used developer from the
developing unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for supplying
unused dry developer from a supply hopper to a sump.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include supplying carrier particles
and feeding back toner to a supply hopper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for supplying
plural types (not color) or components of developer material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for a
removable container that holds and dispenses dry developer material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter wherein the removable cartridge provides
an arrangement for stirring or mixing the dry developer material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
surplus dry developer material or carrier particles from a developed image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for transporting
dry developer material to a position where it is attracted to a
latent image by an electrostatic force.
(1)
Note. Dry developer material may be toner particles mixed
with magnetic particles that act as carriers under the influence
of a magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter wherein an alternating current electrode
or magnetic field generating member creates a nebulous mass of toner
between the application member and the latent image.
(1)
Note. The electrode may be, for example, a wire (or wires)
or screen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter wherein the application member aligns the
dry developer material by its magnetic field in the form of a brushlike
configuration.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include an arrangement
for electrically discharging the surface of a magnetic brushlike
structure.
(2)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include vibrating
the magnetic brush.
(3)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include details
for housing or casing, per se.
(4)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include magnetic
structures on opposing sides of a latent image-bearing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for positioning
a latent image-bearing copy medium in relation to a magnetic brush developing
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein the magnetic brush is maintained
at a predetermined electrical potential to aid in or influence the
development.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 122.8 for processes of magnetic developing by application of
an identified voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter wherein a developing bias is applied to a
member separate from and in addition to the magnetic brush.
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for applying
dry developer material onto the magnetic brush.
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
dry developer material from the magnetic brush after development.
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for leveling
or removing excess dry developer material on the magnetic brush before
applying it to a latent image-bearing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter wherein the regulating member is a magnetic
brush having a fixed (i.e., nonrotating) magnet structure.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include a stated
spatial relationship between the application member and one or more
magnetic poles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter wherein the magnetic brush is surrounded
by a nonmagnetic shell.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter may include the composition,
structure (e.g., layer), or surface properties (e.g., roughness)
of the sleeve.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/09
for using a magnetic brush.
EPC
G03G
15/09E1
for relating to the shell structure (e.g., structure
composition of a magnetic brush).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 123.3 for developing processes using a chemically identified
developer application member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Subject matter wherein the roller is surrounded with a thin,
flexible member of larger circumference than the roller used for
applying the dry developer material to a latent image-bearing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter wherein the loading is by a member that conveys
or aligns developer material in its magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
dry developer material from the roller after development.
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for leveling
or removing excess dry developer material on the roller before applying
it to a latent image-bearing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Subject matter wherein the roller is maintained at a predetermined
electrical potential to aid in or influence the development.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 123.3 for developing processes using a chemically identified
developer application member.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/08
for using solid developer, powder developer.
JPOFI
G03G
15/08 501F
for a developing belt (using a magnetic brush 15/09).
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein the development is by a nebulous
mass of toner particles finely dispersed in a body of gas.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter includes air suspension
of toner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter wherein the powder cloud arrangement uses
a conductor with an applied bias to aid in or influence development.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein the development is by an agitated
pool of dry developer material.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes a fluidized bed that
is agitated by stirring or by a vibration arrangement. For agitation
of toner caused only by the movement of a photoconductor member,
see SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Subject matter wherein the fluidized bed arrangement uses
a conductor with an applied bias to aid in or influence development.
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter wherein the development is by dry developer
material either poured or allowed to fall under the influence of
gravity onto the latent image.
(1)
Note. For example, this subject matter includes bucket conveyors.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 121.1 for processes wherein the powder developer material
is cascading.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the cascade arrangement uses a conductor
with an applied bias to aid in or influence development.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided that charges,
exposes, applies pressure to the toner, or otherwise aids in the
transfer of a developed toner image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided for transferring
a developed image from an image-bearing member to another medium or
surface.
(1)
Note. This subclass may also include cleaning the transfer
drum.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 117.4 for processes of transferring a liquid developed image
and subclasses 125.2-125.6 for processes of transferring a dry developed
image.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/16
of a toner pattern (e.g., a powder pattern).
JPOFI
G03G
15/16
of a toner pattern (e.g., a powder pattern).
EPC
G03G
15/16B
of a toner pattern (e.g., a powder pattern on a
base other than paper).
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for either
sequentially or simultaneously transferring a developed image having
two or more different colors from one surface to another.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 47.1 through 47.5for multicolor reproduction using an identified
receptor or image transfer processes.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/01
for producing multicolored copies.
JPOFI
G03G
15/01 114
using the characteristics related to the image transfer
process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein the transfer is from more than one
discrete image-bearing member (e.g., plural photoconductive drums).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 47.1 through 47.5for multicolor reproduction using an identified
receptor or image transfer processes.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/01
for producing multicolored copies.
EPC
G03G
15/01S2
using more than one reusable intermediate recording
medium (e.g., one for every monocolour image).
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for receiving
toner images from two or more different positions of an image-bearing member.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor production (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for producing
correct alignment of the overlapped or superposed multiple toner images.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 47.2 for a multicolor reproduction process wherein plural
color images are formed and transferred to a receptor to produce
a multicolor image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transferring
a developed color image to an intermediary surface or medium before transferring
it to a final medium.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 47.4 for a multicolor reproduction process using an identified
intermediate receptor to produce a multicolor image.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/01
for producing multicolored copies.
JPOFI
G03G
15/01 114A
using the characteristics related to the image transfer
process using an intermediate recording medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transporting
a copy medium to a single transfer position a plurality of times
for receiving a toner image each time.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 42.1 through 47.5to produce a multicolor reproduction (i.e., plural
colors named or more than one color identified).
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein an image is transferred from multiple
discrete photoconductive members onto both sides of a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein the toner image is permanently attached
to the copy medium at the same time it is transferred.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/16
of a toner pattern (e.g., a powder pattern).
G03G
15/20
for fixing, (e.g., by using heat).
JPOFI
G03G
15/24
whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously.
EPC
G03G
15/24
whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transferring
a developed image to an intermediary surface or medium before transferring
it to a final medium.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 125.32 for processes wherein a developed image is transferred
to an identified intermediate transfer member.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/16
of a toner pattern (e.g., a powder pattern).
EPC
G03G
15/16A
using at least one intermediate support.
G03G
15/16A1
with means for handling the intermediate support
(e.g., heating, cleaning, coating with a transfer agent).
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transferring
developed images to both sides of a copy medium where at least one
side is transferred from an intermediate member.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 125.5 for processes wherein the toner transfer includes use
of an electrostatic force such as corona charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the potential, voltage, or current
is caused by ionization of the air or gas surrounding a conductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein a flat, broad, continuous web or
belt is provided for carrying the recording medium through the transfer
position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein the electrostatic force for causing
(inducing) transfer is applied to (a) a drumlike cylinder or (b)
a flat, broad, continuous web or belt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removing
charge imparted to a copy medium by the transfer.
(1)
Note. The charge is commonly removed by corona, bias voltage,
or grounded member such as a brush, roller, belt, etc.
for stripping from photoconductive member when delivering
from transfer position.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/14
for transferring a pattern to a second base.
JPOFI
G03G
15/14 101F
for transferring a pattern to a second base by discharge.
G03G
15/14 101K
for transferring a pattern to a second base by reducing
the amount of charge at the leading edge and at the side edge of
the copy sheet and by removing the toner.
G03G
15/00G4E
using electrostatic means (e.g., a separating corona).
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for guiding
or positioning a copy medium during the transfer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for a
transferring member to move a copy medium away from an image-bearing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for exerting
pressure to cause a developed image to transfer to a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for using
an oscillating or vibrating motion to transfer a developed image
onto a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided that causes
a toner image to be permanently attached to a copy medium or substrate.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for devices for treating a coating, including fusing
or coalescing a particulate coating by solvent vapor treatment,
per se.
Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 1+ for calibration systems which may be used to test
or calibrate the heat-fixing apparatus of electrophotographic devices.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 117.5 for processes of fixing a liquid developed image and
subclasses 124.1-124.54 for fixing a fused image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transporting,
guiding, or manipulating a copy medium during fixing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for separating
a copy medium from a fixing member or preventing the copy medium from
wrapping around the fixing member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for preventing
developer material from adhering to a fixing member.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may also include an application
of voltage to the fixing member to repel toner.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive
member), including for a cleaning member cyclically movable into
and out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for removal
of developer material or other contaminants from a fixing member.
for cleaning an imaging surface (i.e., photoconductive
member), including for a cleaning member cyclically movable into
and out of contact with the imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 200+ for resistive heating devices, particularly subclass
216 for heating in a reproductive device and subclass 243 for heating
devices with pressure, subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter wherein a belt member moves with the toner
image during the application of heat and pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter wherein pressure is applied between a heated
drum member and a member providing backing support.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 124.3 through 124.38for processes of heat fixing an image with a heated
roller or belt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Subject matter wherein the fixing arrangement opens and
closes at the point of contact with the movement of the copy medium
therethrough.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 124.32 through 124.38for processes of developing using an identified
roller or belt composition or structure.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/20
for fixing (e.g., by using heat).
JPOFI
G03G
15/20 103
for structure of the roller, manufacturing thereof.
EPC
G03G
15/20H2D1
for relating to the chemical composition of the
roller layers (compositions usable for both fixing and pressure
rollers).
Electric Heating,
subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave
heating, subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating,
and subclasses 200+ for heating devices, per se, particularly
subclass 392 for electrical resistive heating devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein the thermal energy is in the form
of radiant heat or the thermal energy is produced by radio frequency
heating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein the heating element is activated
when a copy medium is moved to an operative position of the fixing
unit.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 124.21 and 124.22 for processes of fixing an image by
contact with a fluid (liquid or gas).
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for applying
a process to or on the fused image which enhances, modifies, or
protects the copy.
(1)
Note. For example, this process may be glossing the fixed
image.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 124.13 through 124.2for processes of posttreating a fixed developed
image.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 126.1 for developing processes including forming an overlayer
on the developed image.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided that removes
developing material from an imaging surface after an image is transferred.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning and subclasses 300.1+ for
air blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for separately
handling or treating differently colored removed toners.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 119.86 for processes of cleaning an identified developer
or developer component from an imaging member surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement includes
applying a lubricant to the image surface.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may include the lubricant material
being added to (a) the cleaning member (blade), (b) the image-bearing
surface, or (c) the developer material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein an abrasive agent polishes, grinds,
or removes material from an image surface during cleaning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement removes
a liquid developer material from an imaging surface.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
JPOFI
G03G
21/00 328
for removing residual liquid developer.
G03G
21/00 330
adsorbent developer.
G03G
21/00 334
for collecting or recycling waste liquid developer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement consists
of more than one type of apparatus to clean the imaging surface.
(1)
Note. For example, both a blade cleaning apparatus and a
brush cleaning apparatus may be included.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
EPC
G03G
21/00B
for removing solid developer or debris from the
electrographic recording medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement is a blade
used to scrape developer material off an imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning, subclasses 256.5+ for
moving surface scrapper, and subclasses 300.1+ for air
blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclasses 119.82 through 119.84for processes of cleaning imaging member surface
with a blade.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement is a belt
or cloth used to remove developer material from an imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning, subclasses 256.5+ for
moving surface wiper, and subclasses 300.1+ for air blast
or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic, photoresponsive
imaging surfaces.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement is a fibrous
brush used to brush off developer material from an imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning, subclasses 256.5+ for
moving surface brush, and subclasses 300.1+ for air blast
or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic, photoresponsive
imaging surfaces.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 119.85 for processes of cleaning imaging member surface
using a fibrous brush.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter wherein the fibrous brush includes a forced
air flow arrangement to capture developer material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement uses a magnetic
field to remove or assist in the removal of developer material.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/00
for an arrangement not provided for by groups 13/00
to 19/00 (e.g., cleaning, elimination of residue).
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement uses a roller
to remove developer material from an imaging surface.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 1.51+ for electrostatic cleaning, subclasses 256.5+ for
moving surface scrapper, and subclasses 300.1+ for air
blast or suction which may be used to clean electrophotographic,
photoresponsive imaging surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transporting
or holding the removed developer material.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
21/10
for collecting or recycling waste developer.
JPOFI
G03G
21/00 326
for collecting or recycling waste powder developer
(including the developer eliminated from the atmosphere).
This subclass is indented under subclass 358. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for returning
removed toner to a developing unit to be reused.
(1)
Note. This subject matter may also include an arrangement
for treating (e.g., auger) or filtering toner prior to reuse.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 119.87 and 119.88 for processes including recycling developer
or a developer component cleaned from the imaging member surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 358. Subject matter wherein the cleaning arrangement provides
for containing the developer material after removal from an imaging
surface.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a method or apparatus is provided
that feeds, inverts, stacks, sorts, collates, conveys, delivers,
or manipulates a recorded carrier of any kind having an image in
any form thereon.
(1)
Note. If the most comprehensive claim of a patent application
recites document handling means or methods more than nominally (i.e.,
in specific or particular detail), but recites electrophotographic copying
subject matter only nominally (i.e., generically), then classification
for examination purposes shall be in the appropriate document handling
class (e.g., Class 270 or Class 271) regardless of whether or not
direct optical formation of an image on a photoresponsive member
is generically recited. Classification as an original issued patent
shall be the same as for examination of the application. Classification
as a cross-reference of the issued patent in Class 355 is discretionary.
(2)
Note. An example of nominal recitations of electrophotographic
copying subject matter in a claim is as follows: means for producing
copies of one or more document sheets in a collating mode of operation,
means for imagewise exposing an original onto a photoconductor,
clamping means for defining an exposure region and positioning a
sheet therein, and exposure means for subjecting an original sheet
to exposure through said clamping means.
(3)
Note. This subject matter also may include two or more electrophotographic devices
that are operatively interfaced together to operate as a system
whereby each electrophotographic device is capable of producing
a copy by itself.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclasses 44+ for means to control the humidity of paper used in
an electrophotographic copier or the atmosphere within the copier
to improve performance of the apparatus.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, appropriate subclasses for subject matter related
to winding and unwinding electrophotographic photoresponsive webs,
etc.
Supports, supports, per se, for devices which carry the weight
of an article or articles or otherwise hold or steady it or them
against the pull of gravity, and devices for holding an article
to its support.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclasses 1+ for applications of counters, per se, including subclass
8 for counting flat articles (e.g., sheets).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
JPOFI
G03G
15/00 104
apparatus for producing a large amount of copies
at high speed.
EPC
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for an
opened book to lay in close contact with a platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter wherein the document handling involves a
particular processing of both the original and copy medium.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00R
arrangement for copying both sides of an original
for copying onto both sides of a copy sheet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided that handles
an original and a copy medium to produce an image on both sides
of the copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter wherein the size of the original is detected
by a detection device in the automatic document feeder.
(1)
Note. The size may be detected during transportation (i.e.,
while the sheet is in motion).
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter wherein the presence, position, or location
of an original is detected by a detection device in the automatic
document feeder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter wherein the original is positioned or its
movement timed within the automatic document feeder before being
subjected to the exposure operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter wherein an original is inverted in order
to expose both sides of the original (i.e., duplex).
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein a detection device on a document
tray, platen, or path provides an indication of the dimensions of
an original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for supporting
an original before, during, and after exposure.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes a particular configuration
of document trays.
Supports, supports, per se, for devices which carry the weight
of an article or articles or otherwise hold or steady it or them
against the pull of gravity, and devices for holding an article
to its support.
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for a
backing structure against which an exposure device illuminates an
original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for an
overlay structure that holds an original in place.
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided that handles
the medium that receives a duplication of an original.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes the overall configuration
for handling a copy medium (e.g., from cassette, to image transfer,
to exit tray).
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
JPOFI
G03G
15/00 510
for feeding sheets.
G03G
15/00 514
by measuring the characteristics of a sheet feeder.
G03G
15/00 516
by using sheets of paper.
G03G
15/00 518
by measuring the characteristics of the identical
mechanisms to those used for transporting sheets.
EPC
G03G
15/00G
for apparatus which relate to the handling of copy
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for inserting
divider sheets between selected copy media.
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter wherein the severing position is determined
by sensing the size or some other attribute of the original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for adjusting
the length of the copy medium by a human operator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Subject matter wherein a document tray or holder provides
an indication of the dimensions of a copy medium or indicates the
type of the copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Subject matter wherein the copy medium is treated prior
to reaching the transfer area.
(1)
Note. The treatment may include the following operations
on the sheet (a) the application of heat, (b) the application of a
release agent to clean a used sheet in order for it to be re-used,
(c) bending the sheet, and (d) cleaning contaminants such as paper
dust from the sheet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for feeding
copy medium from plural input sources into the transfer position.
(1)
Note. The plural sources may be included within a unitary
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for feeding
copy medium directly into an input source (prior to transfer position)
by a human operator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for feeding
copy medium from an input source into the transfer position.
Supports, supports, per se, for devices which carry the weight
of an article or articles or otherwise hold or steady it or them
against the pull of gravity, and devices for holding an article
to its support.
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Subject matter wherein the conveyance of the copy medium
is altered in order to feed the copy medium in registration with
the latent image directly or indirectly in accordance with the conveyance
of the original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Subject matter wherein the conveyance of the copy medium
is altered in direction to correct the relationship between the
image and the copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for transporting
the copy medium after is has passed the transfer position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided that actively
separates a copy medium from a photoconductive member.
(1)
Note. The stripping may occur, for example, by forced air,
scraping, or bending the copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter wherein a grasping curved structure is provided
that strips a copy medium from a photoconductive member.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/14
for transferring a pattern to a second base.
JPOFI
G03G
15/14 101A
for transferring a pattern to a second base by a
stripping claw.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein an apparatus is provided that delivers
a copy medium with a transferred toner image to a fuser position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein the copy medium is transported back
to the transfer position for a second or subsequent time.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
JPOFI
G03G
15/00 106
mechanisms for copying onto both sides of a copying
sheet; for superposing; control for transporting sheets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Subject matter wherein a copy medium is temporarily stored
prior to an additional image being transferred to the copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein a plurality of the same or different
copy medium are arranged into a plurality of different locations
according to a predetermined, informative, or significant order.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00G1
for piling, stacking arrangements; Cassettes; Peeling
off.
G03G
15/00G5
devices for collating copy materials (e.g., sorters
control, copies in staple form).
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein the copy medium is gathered and delivered
through an output from the transfer position in an uneven arrangement.
OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS:
Type:
Class/Subclass:
Group:
Description:
IPC6
G03G
15/00
for an electrographic process using a charge pattern.
EPC
G03G
15/00G1
for piling, stacking arrangements; Cassettes; Peeling
off.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for supporting
a copy that is delivered to an output device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein a copy is delivered to an output
device that prevents the copy from curling up at the edges.
(1)
Note. This subject matter also includes correction of curl
created by a fixing unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for attaching
together a plurality of copy medium or sheets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein developing material is used as an
adhesive to attach together a plurality of copy media or sheets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein an arrangement is provided for driving
a thin piece of wire through a plurality of copy media or sheets
that will secure or bind the copy media or sheets together.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an arrangement that has not been
provided for in the previous subclasses is provided herein.
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