Petroleum refining is the most energy-intensive
manufacturing industry in the United States and accounts for about 7% of total U.S. energy
consumption. Energy purchases from outside sources cost the industry a little over $3
billion in 1994 [MECS 1994]. This may seem low, considering that
petroleum refiners are the number one energy users in manufacturing. However, a large
percentage of the energy consumed in refineries is produced onsite, not purchased from
outside sources. If the value of this byproduct energy were included, energy costs could
be nearly $9 billion (assuming 60% of process energy is produced onsite, at a value of $3
per million Btu) [DOE 1998].
The petroleum refining industry uses energy both to supply heat and power for plant
operations and as a raw material for the production of petrochemicals and other non-fuel
products. According to the most recent Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS), the
U.S. petroleum refining industry consumed about 6.3 quads (quadrillion Btu, or 1015
Btu) of energy in 1994.
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Source: MECS 1985, 1988, 1991, and
1994
* The primary component is energy used for heat and power.
NOTE: Years prior to 1994 do not include adjustments for energy shipped offsite. Does not
include losses incurred during the distribution, generation, and transmission of
electricity.
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Refinery gas, natural gas, and petroleum coke account for the largest shares of energy use |
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Nearly 50% of energy is transformed into petroleum products
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Distillation consumes a large share of energy |
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Refineries spend over $3 billion each year on purchased fuels
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Refineries produce about 29% of electricity onsite |
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Energy intensity measures the energy consumed per dollar of
products shipped |
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Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey.
File Last Modified: 05/05/2000
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