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Risk Assessment

This page offers risk assessment publications, developed by the Radiation Protection Program. You can downloaded them to your computer or view them on-line.

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Federal Guidance Reports and Related Documents

Federal Guidance Report 13: Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides (PDF) (335pp, 3.06Mb [about pdf format]) [EPA 402-R-99-001 September 1999]
Includes radionuclide-specific lifetime radiogenic cancer risk coefficients for the U.S. population, based on age-dependent intake, dosimetry, and risk models.

Update to the Federal Guidance Report No. 13
CD Supplement (April 2002)

Uncertainties in Cancer Risk Coefficients for Environmental Exposure to Radionuclides (PDF)(148pp, 1.35Mb [about pdf format]) [ORNL/TM-2006/583 January 2007]
This report is from a joint study by EPA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory on uncertainties of the federal guidance report risk coefficients for both ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides.

Estimating Radiogenic Cancer Risks (PDF) (68pp, 271.29Kb [about pdf format]) [EPA 402-R-93-076 June 1994]
This document presents a revised methodology for EPA's estimation of cancer risks due to low-LET radiation exposures developed in light of information that has become available since the publication of BEIR III, especially new information on the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. NOTE: We have included minor updates to this methodology in Federal Guidance Report 13.

Addendum: Uncertainty Analysis (PDF) (47pp, 226.77Kb [about pdf format]) [EPA 402-R-99-003]
The analysis describes a method for estimating the uncertainties in EPA's risk projections for cancer risk from low-LET radiation exposures.

Federal Guidance Report 12: External Exposure to Radionuclides In Air, Water, and Soil (PDF) (238pp, 1.61Mb [about pdf format]) [EPA 402-R-93-081 September 1993]
Includes exposure-to-dose coefficients for general application, based on the 1987 Federal Radiation Protection Guidance.

Federal Guidance Report 11: Limiting Values of Radionuclide Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion (PDF) (224pp, 15.20Mb [about pdf format]) [EPA 520/1-88-020 September 1988]
Includes derived guides for control of occupational exposure and exposure-to-dose conversion factors for general application, based on the 1987 Federal Radiation Protection Guidance.

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(HEAST) Radionuclides Table -- Radionuclide Slope Factors

Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) Radionuclides Table
These tables contain radionuclide slope factors for estimating cancer risks at sites managed under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. EPA has developed these cancer slope factors for ingestion, inhalation and external exposure to radionuclides in units of picocuries (pCi).

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EPA Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes

EPA updates its assessment of health risks from indoor radon, which the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has determined to be the second leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoking.

EPA Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes (PDF) (99pp, 1.28Mb [about pdf format]) [EPA 402-R-03-003]
This risk assessment is based primarily on results from a recent study of radon health effects (BEIR VI) by the NAS, with some technical adjustments and extensions.

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Comparative Dosimetry of BEIR VI Revisited

In support of EPA’s Assessment of Risks from Radon in Homes, the Agency sponsored a study designed to aid in the extrapolation of risk estimates based on data from underground miner cohorts to the case of residential exposures.

Comparative Dosimetry of BEIR VI Revisited Exit EPA Disclaimer, Radiation Protection Dosimetry 108:3-26; 2004) [A.C. James, A. Birchall and G. Akabani]
estimates the radiation doses delivered to target cells in the lung from radon progeny under indoor and mine exposure conditions.

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Modifying EPA Risk Models Based on BEIR VII

Draft White Paper: Modifying EPA Radiation Risk Models Based on BEIR VII (PDF) (36pp, 381Kb [about pdf format]).
The National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recently released a report on the health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation (NRC 2006). Cosponsored by the EPA and several other federal agencies, Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation BEIR VII Phase 2 (BEIR VII) primarily addresses cancer and genetic risks from low doses of low-LET radiation.

In this paper, we outline proposed changes in EPA’s methodology for estimating radiogenic cancers, based on the contents of BEIR VII and some ancillary information.

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Ground-Water Modeling

Documenting Ground-Water Modeling at Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Substances (PDF)(168pp, 1.48Mb [about pdf format]) [EPA/540-R-96-003]
This report demonstrates a thorough approach to documenting model applications in a consistent manner and is intended to assist technical staff responsible for identifying and implementing flow and transport models in support of cleanup decisions at radioactive and hazardous waste sites.

A Technical Guide to Ground-Water Model Selection at Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Substances (PDF) (146pp, 1.46 Mb [about pdf format])[ EPA/402-R-94-012]
This report specifically addresses the selection of ground-water flow and contaminant transport models and is intended to be used by hydrogeologists and geoscientists responsible for identifying and selecting ground-water flow and contaminant transport models for use at sites containing radioactive materials.

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