Survey
description
The National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) vital records are
linked with data from mothers' questionnaires. The 1988 NMIHS is the
successor to earlier NCHS National Natality and Mortality
Followback Surveys.
Data
file description
The NMIHS data file consists of three independent national files,
containing samples respectively, of live
births, fetal deaths, and infant deaths occurring in
1988. Each mother named on the vital records for
those events was mailed a 35-page mother's questionnaire.
Questionnaires were also sent to physicians, hospitals, and other medical
care providers associated with these outcomes.
Mothers who responded
to the questionnaire on the national file included 9,953 women who had
live births, 3,309 women who had late fetal deaths, and 5,332 women who
had infant deaths. These samples weighted up to national estimates of
3,898,922 live births, 15,259 late fetal deaths, and 38,917 infant deaths
to U.S. residents 15 years of age and over.This
public-use data file consists of mothers' questionnaire data, imputation
flags, a set of recodes, live birth and fetal death certificate data, and
infant death certificate data.
Mother's
Questionnaire
Mail questionnaire to married and unmarried mothers, or telephone, or
personal interview
Mother's response
status
Any prenatal care visits
Total number of prenatal care visits
Did doctor suggest weight-gain limit?
Total weight-gain limit suggested
Take vitamin/mineral supplement 3 days per week
Number of weeks pregnant when pregnancy
was confirmed
Did mother smoke during 12 months before delivery?
Average number of cigarettes smoked per day before
pregnancy
confirmed
Average number of cigarettes smoked per day after
pregnancy
confirmed
Did mother drink alcoholic beverages during
12
months before delivery?
Frequency
of alcoholic beverage consumption
Alcohol
consumption before pregnancy
Alcohol
consumption after pregnancy
Amount
of alcohol consumed when drinking
Before
pregnancy
During
pregnancy
Why
was the drinking reduced during the pregnancy?
What was done at first prenatal visit?
What was done at second prenatal visit?
What kind of place gave her prenatal care?
How often she went to each place?
How many minutes travel time?
How was prenatal care paid for?
Advice/instructions received at care
Barriers to prenatal care
Wantedness of prenatal care
Use of birth control
Was baby breast and/or bottle fed?
Reasons
for breast or bottle feeding
Age
baby stopped breast feeding
Wantedness of this pregnancy
Expect
to have more children
Number
of additional children expected
Mother's height
Mother's weight before pregnancy
Mother's weight before delivery
Father's height
Father's weight
Complete pregnancy history (live births, stillbirths,
miscarriages, abortions)
Date
each pregnancy ended1
Sex
of each infant if live birth
Smoking
during pregnancy
Get
WIC during pregnancy
For
self
For
baby
If
live birth, still living or now dead
If
now dead, date of death1
Number of times married
Date
of marriage, status of marriage, and
date widowed, divorced, or separated1
Mother's educational level
Mother's
attendance at vocational or trade school
Father's educational level
Father's
attendance at vocational or trade school
Mother worked during 12 months before
1988
delivery
Mother worked prior to 12 months before
1988 delivery
Mother's occupation (three-digit census code)
Mother on active duty in military
Mother's industry (three-digit census code)
Business mother works in mainly
Description of mother's type of employment
Mother's dates of employment on job
Date
began1
Date
ended1
Number of hours per week mother worked at job
Father worked during 12 months before 1988 delivery
Father's occupation (three-digit census code)
Father on active duty in military
Father's industry (three-digit census code)
Business father works in mainly
Description of father's type of employment
Father's dates of employment on job
Date
began1
Date
ended1
Number of hours per week father worked at job
Total family annual income (20 categories)
Sources
of family income
Mother's racial background
Mother's
national origin or descent
National
origin mother identifies herself with most
Father's racial background
Father's
national origin or descent
National
origin father identifies himself with most
Medical treatments to help get pregnant
Health symptoms during pregnancy
Therapies to prevent premature delivery
Doctor ordered bedrest and reasons
Home pregnancy test use
Prenatal child birth classes
Exercise during pregnancy
People who lived with mother during pregnancy
Which
of above smoked at home during pregnancy
Which
of above live with mother now
Which
of above smoke at home now
Marijuana/hashish use before pregnancy
Marijuana/hashish use during pregnancy
Cocaine/crack use before delivery
Cocaine/crack use during delivery
WIC food for mother during pregnancy
1st, 2nd . . . 9th month of pregnancy got WIC food
Advice from WIC officer on pregnancy
How learned about WIC program
Number of nights in hospital
CES-D depressive-anxiety scale
Postpartum outpatient visit
Planned methods of infant feeding
Number of times per day infant fed
Breastfed
Infant
formula
Cow's
milk
Cereal
Fruits
or vegetables
Meats
For each of first 6 months, and this past month
Specific
brand infant formulas used, by month
Fluoride drops, by month
Vitamin/mineral, by month
Apnea
Number
of times
Age
in weeks
When awake, sleeping, or feeding
Apnea
monitor use
Thirteen specific infant illnesses for each of first
6
months
Well baby care
Where well baby care was obtained
How care was paid for
Infant vaccines (kind and date)
Child care
Who
Whether
paid or not
Where
care occurred
Number
of hours per week
NOTE: Imputation flags
present for every imputed value. WIC is Supplemental Food Program for
Women, Infants, and Children. CES-D is Center for Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale.
Birth
certificate file
Data year (1988) Metropolitan/nonmetropolitan counties
Age of:
Father
(single years, age 10-49)
Mother
(single years, age 10-49)
Apgar scores, 1 and 5 minutes
Attendant at birth
Birth weight (in grams)
Month/day/year of last menstrual period1
Education of:
Father
(single years, 0-17)
Mother
(single years, 0-17)
Gestation period (single weeks, 17-52)
Hispanic origin of mother and father
Interval in months:
Since
last fetal death
Since
last live birth
Since
termination of last pregnancy
Live-birth order
Marital status
Month/year:
Of
last fetal death1
Of
last live birth1
Month of pregnancy prenatal care began
Outcome of last pregnancy
Nativity of mother
Number of prenatal visits
Place of delivery
Plurality
Race of:
Child
(9 categories)
Father
(10 categories)
Mother
(10 categories)
Sex of child
Total birth order
Infant death
certificate file
Data year (1988)
Metropolitan/nonmetropolitan
counties
Age at death (hours/days)1
Date of death1
Race (9 categories)
Sex
Underlying cause of death2
Each
cause
Whether autopsy performed
Hospital and status of decedent Place of accident
Multiple conditions2
Report of fetal
death file
Data year (1988)
Metropolitan/nonmetropolitan
counties
Age of:
Mother
(single years, age 10-49)
Father
(single years, ages 10 and over)
Education of:
Mother
(single years, 0-17)
Father
(single years, 0-17)
Gestation period (single weeks, 17-52)
Live-birth order
Marital status
Month of pregnancy prenatal care began
Number of prenatal visits
Place of delivery
Plurality
Race of:
Fetus
(9 categories)
Mother
(10 categories)
Father
(10 categories)
Sex of fetus
Weight of fetus
Total birth order
_____________________________________________________ 1Dates
expressed as number of days since mother's birth date (See NMIHS HP
document on CD-ROM). 2Causes of
death were coded according to the International Classification of
Diseases, Ninth Revision.
NOTE: For infant
deaths, birth certificate information is also included.
Hospital and provider data
Approximately 93 percent
of the responding mothers provided permission and information to contact
prenatal care providers, hospitals of delivery, hospitals where mothers
stayed overnight during pregnancy and/or up to six months after delivery,
and hospitals where infants were hospitalized up to six months after
delivery. Special questionnaires were sent to hospitals and providers that
were eligible, by the mother's request, to be contacted, and the
information or medical records thus obtained were coded and added to the
respective mother's record. Thus, this NMIHS public-use national data file
contains information from responding hospitals and prenatal care
providers, merged with information from the responding mother's
questionnaire and vital record(s). Information was received from at least
one hospital or prenatal care provider for 70.5 percent of the 9,296
mothers in the live birth sample who had signed Request Statements, for
67.8 percent of the 3,092 mothers in the fetal death sample, and for 60.7
percent of the 4,954 mothers in the infant death sample.
File layout on NMIHS CD-ROM
File Location
Data Item
0002
Control Number (Birth
Outcome)
0021-0022
Final Status Recode
0024-4502
Mother's Questionnaire
(NMIHS-1/2/3)
0024-1350
...
Part A: Prenatal Care and Health Habits
1351-1772
... Part B: Delivery of
Baby; CES-D Scale
1773-2982
... Part C: Other
Pregnancies (up to 30)
2983-3091
... Part D: Mother's
Characteristics
3092-3136
... Part E: Father's
Characteristics
3137-3224
... Part F: Family
Income
3225-3985
... Part G: Baby's
Health
4537-4998
Imputation Flags
5025-5691
Recodes
5053-5075
... CES-D Scale Recodes
and Total Score
5692
Built Birth Certificate
Flag
5694-5920
Live
Birth Certificate and Fetal Death Report Data
5921-6360
Infant Death Certificate
Data
7153-7164
Infant's Date of Birth
6427-6435
Final Weight (5 implied
decimals)
6437-6737
List of Prenatal Care
Providers (up to 7)
6738-9586
Prenatal Care: NMIHS-5
and Part A of NMIHS-4
6738-6776
... Selected Prenatal
Tests and/or Procedures
6777-7145
... Sonograms (up to 28)
7172-7270
... X-Rays (up to 6)
7271-7765
... Tests for Diseases
7766-8006
... Diagnostic or
Obstetric Procedures
8007-8789
... Prenatal Visits (up
to 30)
8790-8833
... Selected
Conditions Affecting Pregnancy
8834-9556
... Medications During
Pregnancy (up to 18)
9557-9586
... Services/Referrals
During Pregnancy
9587-9823
Post Partum Visits (up
to 9): Part A, NMIHS-4
9824-10151
Hospitalization for
Delivery: Part A, NMIHS-4
10152-10410
Health Status and Care
of Infant (Includes
Transfer to NICU): Part C, NMIHS-4
10411-10588
Mother's
Hospitalization Before Delivery (up to
2): Part B, NMIHS-4
10589-10766
Mother's Hospitalization
After Delivery (up to 2):
Part B, NMIHS-4
10767-11954
Infant Rehospitalization
After Delivery (up to 9):
Part D, NMIHS-4
10767-11162
... Baby's First
Hospital After Being Discharged
Following Delivery (<3 rehospitalizations)
11163-11558
... Baby's Second
Hospital After Being Discharged
Following Delivery (<3 rehospitalizations)
11559-11954
... Baby's Third
Hospital After Being DischargedFollowing
Delivery (<3 rehospitalizations)
11955-12053
Recodes of
Hospital/Prenatal-Care-Provider Data
12055-12324
Diagnosis Related
Groups (DRG's) for Mother's and
Baby's Hospitalizations
12325-13404
Recodes: Generic Names
of Medications (up to 18)
Geographic
coverage
The NMIHS covers the United States, with vital records sampled from each
State and independent registration area.
Data
availability
The NMIHS includes live births, infant deaths, and late fetal deaths
occurring in 1988. Data are available on CD-ROM in ASCII. To
protect confidentiality of respondents, the 1988 NMIHS
can be merged with the 1991 Longitudinal Follow-up
only in the NCHS Research Data Center.
Ordering
information
The 1988 NMIHS data CD-ROM can only be obtained from
NCHS.
Documentation
contents
Documentation is contained on the CD-ROM and includes survey description,
response rates, sample design, estimation procedures, methodological
notes, and weighting information.
Contact
Reproductive Statistics Branch
Division of Vital Statistics
National Center for Health Statistics
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3311 Toledo Road, Floor 7318
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
(301) 458-4547