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Heart Disease FAQs
What is Heart Disease?
Heart disease is a term that includes several more specific heart
conditions. The most common heart disease in the US is coronary artery
disease (CAD). CAD occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart
muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque. The
narrowing and buildup of plaques is called atherosclerosis. Plaques are a
mixture of fatty and other substances including cholesterol and other lipids. Blood
flow to the heart is reduced, which reduces oxygen to the heart muscle. This
can lead to heart attack. Other heart conditions include angina, heart
failure, and arrhythmias. Find out more about heart
diseases. What are symptoms of heart attack?
The National Heart Attack Alert Program notes these major symptoms of a heart
attack:
- Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the
center of the chest that lasts for more than a few minutes, or goes away
and comes back. The discomfort can feel like uncomfortable pressure,
squeezing, fullness, or pain.
- Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. This can include
pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
- Shortness of breath. This often comes along with chest discomfort.
But it also can occur before chest discomfort.
- Other symptoms. These may include breaking out in a cold sweat
or experiencing
nausea or light–headedness.
What should a bystander do if they think someone is having a heart
attack?
If you think that you or someone you know is having a heart attack, you
should call 9–1–1 immediately. Why is there a need to act
fast?
Death or permanent disability can result from a heart attack. The risk of
death or permanent damage can be reduced with timely treatment. Some newer
treatments need to be given soon after the onset of a heart attack in order
to be effective. It is important to know the symptoms of a heart attack and act
right away. What are the risk factors for heart
disease?
Some conditions as well as some lifestyle factors can put people at a
higher risk for heart disease. The most important risk factors for heart disease
are high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, cigarette smoking,
diabetes, and obesity. In principle, all persons can
take steps to lower their risk for heart disease. For more information
about these risk factors, please see our
section on risk factors. What can you do to reduce your risk?
Persons can take steps to lower their risk of developing heart disease
by preventing or treating and controlling high blood pressure, preventing
or treating and controlling high blood cholesterol, by not using tobacco,
by preventing or controlling diabetes, and by maintaining adequate
physical activity, weight, and nutrition. Persons being treated for
conditions or risk factors should follow the guidance of their health care
providers. See our section on heart disease
prevention. What is the burden of heart disease in America?
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and is a
major cause of disability. Almost 700,000 people die of heart diseases in
the US each year. That is about 29% of all U.S. deaths. In addition, heart
disease is a leading cause of disability in the US. See more
statistical information. What is the cost
of heart disease for our nation?
According to the American Heart Association, all cardiovascular diseases
together are projected to
cost $403.1 billion in 2006, including health care services, medications,
and lost productivity. What is CDC doing to address heart disease?
CDC has several programs that address heart disease. These are mostly
located in the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. They
include activities with other CDC components, other federal agencies, state
health departments, and local and tribal organizations.
For more information on these programs, please
see our CDC Addresses Heart Disease section.
Page last reviewed: November 15, 2007
Page last modified: November 15, 2007
Content source: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion
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