1950 | |
Demosponges and coralline algae on a permanent photo plot. |
1984 August |
1951 | |
Diversity on cold rocky reefs can also be very high. |
|
1952 | |
Starfish and anemones in a cold water rocky community. |
Coastal Massachusetts 1988 february |
1953 | |
Macroalgae are important habitat on temperate and northern reefs. Macrocystis |
Coastal Southern California |
1954 | |
Kelp beds are extremely complex and critical marine habitats. Wise management of both kelp beds and the animals that depend on them is key to the future of our marine ecosystem. |
|
1955 | |
Flowers are actually worms with tubes among the reef growth. |
|
1956 | |
Macroalgae come in many shapes and sizes, from microscopic to tens of meters. |
|
1957 | |
Brown algae on a temperate Carolina reef can survive a wide temperature range. Lobophora |
Shelf off North Carolina |
1958 | |
Diverse "live bottom" community on a Carolina reef. |
Shelf off North Carolina |
1959 | |
Green, red and brown algae vary seasonally and differ in role as fish food. |
Shelf off North Carolina |
1960 | |
Stromatolites are club-shaped structures formed by a slow buildup of microbial mats trapping ooid sands. These form in high energy channels where migrating sand dunes and chemical precipitation of carbonate cement are dominant seafloor processes. |
Bahamas |
1961 | |
Stromatolites off NURP's research center on Lee Stocking Island. |
Bahamas |
1962 | |
Sub taking samples on a deep sea basalt bed off Hawaii. |
Hawaii |
1963 | |
Any kind of structure on the deep sea floor attracts local mobile species. |
Hawaii 1985 July |
1964 | |
Offshore red algae communities serve as egg beds for New England herring. |
Offshore Massachusetts, Pigeon Hill 1974 August |
1965 | |
Golden crab attempts to free a buddy from a crab trap. Geryon |
northern Florida 1988 July |
1966 | |
Experimental reefs, or casitas, help determine what factors make the best reefs. |
Bahamas |
1967 | |
Hake lie near the base of a lost "ghost" lobster trap. Urophycis |
Submarine Canyon off New England |
1968 | |
Once popular tire reefs may break apart and wash up on beaches. |
1976 August |
1969 | |
Artificial reefs can increase productivity of sandy bottoms. |
|
1970 | |
Tagged Graysby grouper inside reef block. |
|
1971 | |
Clam shell bed around a thermal mound in 2800 meters. |
Pacific Ocean, mid-ocean ridge |
1972 | |
Black smoker chimney on Endeavour Ridge spouts super-heated water and chemicals. |
Pacific Ocean, Endeavour ridge |
1973 | |
Edge of a brine pool, a super salty pond, populated by mussels at 800 meters. Bathymodiolus |
Gulf of Mexico, Green Canyon 1990 July |
1974 | |
Tube worms living at a Gulf of Mexico hydrocarbon seep are 2 meters long. Lamellibranchia |
Gulf of Mexico, Green Canyon |
1975 | |
Tube worms at a Pacific hydrothermal vent are related to hydrocarbon seep worms. Riftia pachyptila |
Pacific Ocean |
1976 | |
Black smoker at a mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vent. |
Atlantic Ocean |
1977 | |
Hydrothermal vent tubeworms get energy from bacteria that live in their plumes. |
Pacific Ocean |
1978 | |
Sub samples show temperatures in hydrothermal vents exceed 300 degrees celsius. |
|
1979 | |
Mussels, worms and a spider crab at a hydrocarbon seep community. |
Gulf of Mexico |
1980 | |
Minerals venting from the seafloor, provide chemosynthetic sustenance for bacteria, some of Earth's earliest life, |
|
1981 | |
Spider crabs around vent sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. |
|
1982 | |
Tube worms feeding at base of a black smoker chimney hydrothermal vent. |
|
1983 | |
Black smoker chimney and shrimp on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. |
|
1984 | |
Wire corals and snappers on the slope off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1985 | |
Sea urchin grazing deep hard bottom off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1986 | |
Sea cucumber grazing deep hard bottom off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1987 | |
Basket star curled on deep hard bottom off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1988 | |
Sub manipulator prepares to collect coral specimen on the deep slope off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1989 | |
Although there is little light, deep (>500 ft) reefs off Hawaii are productive. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1990 | |
Yellow gorgonian on deep reef off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1991 | |
Attached species compete for space on deep reef off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1992 | |
Sub grabs a wire coral on limestone bottom off Hawaii. Cirrhipathes |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1993 | |
Reef fish, including rosy snappers, occupy a deep limestone reef. |
Hawaii 1982 March |
1994 | |
Sea cucumber is colored to look like its rocky habitat. |
Hawaii 1988 June |
1995 | |
Crinoids and gooseneck barnacles on a dead sponge, over 5000 ft. off Hawaii. Antedon (crinoid) |
Hawaii 1988 July |
1996 | |
Gold coral on pillow lava in over 1000 ft. off Hawaii. Gerardia |
Hawaii 1988 June |
1997 | |
Satin sponge on basalt slope, at 5000 ft. deep off Hawaii. Semperella |
Hawaii 1988 June |
1998 | |
Isolated tufted corals are common on the deep rocky slope off Hawaii. |
Hawaii 1988 July |
1999 | |
Glass sponge between red crinoid stalk and gorgonian on pillow lava off Hawaii. Walteria (sponge), Chrysogorgia (gorgonian) |
Hawaii 1988 July |