Tables
Table 1. Rates
of substance use and psychiatric comorbidity in community-based samples
|
Study
|
N
|
Age
|
Time frame
|
Pop rate of a (%)
|
Pop rate of b (%)
|
Rate of a in b(%)
|
Rate of a in not b (%)
|
Rate of b in a (%)
|
Rate of b in not a (%)
|
OR
|
CI
|
| a=substance use, b=depression,
in females |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
9.3
|
13.6
|
|
|
|
|
2.67
|
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
0
|
|
|
|
|
1.3
|
1.0, 1.6
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
10
|
464
|
15
|
lifetime
|
21.6
|
9.1
|
|
|
|
|
2.98
|
n/a
|
|
11
|
604
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
7.2
|
|
|
25
|
5.3
|
5.8
|
4.2, 6.4
|
|
17
|
2346
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
n/a
|
14.5
|
16.6
|
6.4
|
|
|
2.8
|
2.3, 3.3
|
|
19
|
548
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
8.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
21
|
561
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
11.5
|
18.9
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
0.1, 0.5
|
| a=substance use, b=depression,
in males |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
6.9
|
4.9
|
|
|
|
|
2.67
|
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3
|
1.0, 1.6
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
10
|
492
|
15
|
lifetime
|
19.1
|
7.3
|
|
|
|
|
1.38
|
|
|
11
|
681
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
7.2
|
|
|
23.3
|
4.8
|
6
|
4.3, 7.7
|
|
17
|
2352
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
13.8
|
13.9
|
7.6
|
|
|
1.9
|
1.5, 2.3
|
|
19
|
519
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
16.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
21
|
533
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
25.6
|
9.9
|
5.8
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
0.1, 0.3
|
| a=substance use, b=anxiety, in
females |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
9.3
|
13.6
|
|
|
|
|
2.67
|
n/a
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3
|
1.0, 1.6
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
10
|
464
|
15
|
lifetime
|
21.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
11
|
604
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
13
|
|
|
33.3
|
11.4
|
6.7
|
5.3, 8.1
|
|
17
|
2346
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
14.5
|
16.6
|
6.4
|
|
|
2.9
|
2.4, 3.4
|
|
19
|
548
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
8.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
|
21
|
561
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=anxiety, in
males |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
6.9
|
4.9
|
|
|
|
|
2.7
|
n/a
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3
|
1.0, 1,6
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
10
|
492
|
15
|
lifetime
|
19.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
11
|
681
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
13
|
|
|
16.7
|
11.7
|
2.2
|
1.6, 2.8
|
|
17
|
2352
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
13.8
|
13.9
|
7.6
|
|
|
1.9
|
1.5, 2.3
|
|
19
|
519
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
16.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
21
|
533
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
25.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=ADHD, in females |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
9.3
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
n/a
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
8.6
|
20
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
0.5, 0.9
|
|
10
|
464
|
15
|
lifetime
|
21.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
11
|
604
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
10.3
|
|
|
33.3
|
5.6
|
8.3
|
6.1, 10.5
|
|
17
|
2346
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
21.7
|
21.1
|
4.2
|
|
|
6.8
|
5.7, 7.9
|
|
19
|
548
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
8.4
|
6.4
|
18.8
|
7.4
|
|
|
2.9
|
1.5, 4.3
|
|
21
|
561
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=ADHD, in males |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
6.9
|
7.3
|
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
n/a
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
8.6
|
20
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
0.5, 0.9
|
|
10
|
492
|
15
|
lifetime
|
19.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
11
|
681
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
10.3
|
|
|
50
|
9.3
|
9.8
|
7.8, 11.8
|
|
17
|
2352
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
15.8
|
21.4
|
6.1
|
|
|
4.2
|
3.8, 5.6
|
|
19
|
519
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
16.6
|
6.4
|
10.7
|
13.4
|
|
|
0.8
|
0.5, 1.3
|
|
21
|
533
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
25.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=ODD, in females |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
9.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
8.1
|
21.13
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
1.9, 3.7
|
|
10
|
464
|
15
|
lifetime
|
21.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
11
|
604
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
10.3
|
|
|
33.3
|
5.6
|
8.3
|
6.1, 10.5
|
|
17
|
2346
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
21.7
|
21.1
|
4.2
|
|
|
6.1
|
5.1, 7.1
|
|
19
|
548
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
8.4
|
5
|
26.7
|
7.4
|
|
|
4.6
|
2.5, 6.7
|
|
21
|
561
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=ODD, in males |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
6.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
8.1
|
21.13
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
1.9, 3.7
|
|
10
|
492
|
15
|
lifetime
|
19.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
11
|
681
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
10.3
|
|
|
50
|
9.3
|
9.8
|
7.7, 11.9
|
|
17
|
2352
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
15.8
|
21.4
|
6.1
|
|
|
4.2
|
3.6, 4.8
|
|
19
|
519
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
16.6
|
5
|
30
|
13.4
|
|
|
2.8
|
1.6, 4.0
|
|
21
|
533
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
25.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=CD, in females |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
9.3
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
20.3
|
n/a
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
8.1
|
21.13
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
1.9, 3.7
|
|
10
|
464
|
15
|
lifetime
|
21.6
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
10.35
|
n/a
|
|
11
|
604
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.7
|
10.3
|
|
|
33.3
|
5.6
|
8.3
|
6.1, 10.5
|
|
17
|
2346
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
21.7
|
21.1
|
4.2
|
|
|
6.1
|
5.1, 7.1
|
|
19
|
548
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
8.4
|
5
|
26.7
|
7.4
|
|
|
4.6
|
2.5, 6.7
|
|
21
|
561
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
11.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
| a=substance use, b=CD, in males |
|
2
|
1265
|
12 to 16
|
6 mo
|
6.9
|
10.4
|
|
|
|
|
3.28
|
n/a
|
|
3
|
698
|
12 to 21
|
lifetime
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
9
|
875
|
14 to 15
|
lifetime
|
9.8
|
8.1
|
21.13
|
|
|
|
2.8
|
1.9, 3.7
|
|
10
|
492
|
15
|
lifetime
|
19.1
|
6.9
|
|
|
|
|
12.69
|
n/a
|
|
11
|
681
|
9 to 18
|
6 mo
|
41.9
|
10.3
|
|
|
50
|
9.3
|
9.8
|
7.8, 11.8
|
|
17
|
2352
|
12 to 17
|
1 mo
|
|
15.8
|
21.4
|
6.1
|
|
|
4.2
|
3.6, 4.8
|
|
19
|
519
|
16 to 17
|
6 mo
|
16.6
|
5
|
30
|
13.4
|
|
|
2.8
|
1.6, 4.0
|
|
21
|
533
|
15 to 16
|
1 mo
|
25.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
n/a
|
|
|
Note.
|
| Study 2. Boyle & Offord, 1991 |
| Study 3. Brook, Cohen, & Brook,
1998 |
| Study 9. Fergusson, Lynskey, &
Horwood, 1993 |
| Study 10. Henry, Feehan, McGee,
Stanton, Moffitt, & Silva, 1993 |
| Study 11. Kandel, Johnson, Bird,
Canino, Goodman, Lahey, Regier, & Schwab-Stone, 1997 |
| Study 17. Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration, 1996 |
| Study 19. Windle & Windle,
1993 |
| Study 21. Windle & Davies,
1999 |
| ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder; CD = conduct disorder; CI = confidence interval; ODD
= oppositional defiant disorder; OR = odds ratio |
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|
