- Hot water (5 g/250 ml) (inoc. load >108 cfu/g)
- 55oC/20 min ? 5 log reduction of Salmonella
- 60oC/10 min ? 5 log reduction of Salmonella
- 70oC/5 min ? 5 log reduction of Salmonella
- 80oC/2 min) ? 6 log reduction of Salmonella
- None of the treatments reduced seed germination below 95%. Thicker seed coat protects the embryo.
- Weiss and Hammes. 2003. J. Appl. Bot. 77: 152-155.