This is the eleventh annual report summarizing the results of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pesticide residue monitoring program. Eight of the ten previous reports were published in the Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists/Journal of AOAC International; these presented results from Fiscal Years (FY) 1987 through 1994. Results from FY 1995 and FY 1996 were published on FDA's World Wide Web site. This current report includes findings obtained during FY 1997 (October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1997) under regulatory and incidence/level monitoring. Selected Total Diet Study findings for 1997 are also presented. Results in this and earlier reports continue to demonstrate that levels of pesticide residues in the U.S. food supply are well below established safety standards.
Three federal government agencies share responsibility for the regulation of pesticides. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers (i.e., approves) the use of pesticides and sets tolerances (the maximum amount of a residue that is permitted in or on a food) if use of that particular pesticide may result in residues in or on food (1). Except for meat, poultry, and certain egg products, for which the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible, FDA is charged with enforcing tolerances in imported foods and in domestically produced foods shipped in interstate commerce. FDA also acquires incidence/level data on particular commodity/pesticide combinations and carries out its market basket survey, the Total Diet Study. Since 1991, USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), through contracts with participating states, has carried out a residue testing program directed at raw agricultural products and various processed foods. FSIS and AMS report their pesticide residue data independently.
Under this approach to pesticide residue monitoring, FDA samples individual lots of domestically produced and imported foods and analyzes them for pesticide residues to enforce the tolerances set by EPA. Domestic samples are collected as close as possible to the point of production in the distribution system; import samples are collected at the point of entry into U.S. commerce. Emphasis is on the raw agricultural product, which is analyzed as the unwashed, whole (unpeeled), raw commodity. Processed foods are also included. If illegal residues (above EPA tolerance or no tolerance for that particular food/pesticide combination) are found in domestic samples, FDA can invoke various sanctions, such as a seizure or injunction. For imports, shipments may be stopped at the port of entry when illegal residues are found. "Detention without physical examination" (previously called automatic detention) may be invoked for imports based on the finding of one violative shipment if there is reason to believe that the same situation will exist in future lots during the same shipping season for a specific shipper, grower, geographic area, or country.
Domestic and import food samples collected are classified as either "surveillance" or "compliance". Most samples collected by FDA are the surveillance type; that is, there is no prior knowledge or evidence that a specific food shipment contains illegal pesticide residues. Compliance samples are taken as follow-up to the finding of an illegal residue or when other evidence indicates that a pesticide residue problem may exist.
Factors considered by FDA in planning the types and numbers of samples to collect include review of recently generated state and FDA residue data, regional intelligence on pesticide use, dietary importance of the food, information on the amount of domestic food that enters interstate commerce and of imported food, chemical characteristics and toxicity of the pesticide, and production volume/pesticide usage patterns.
To analyze the large numbers of samples whose pesticide treatment history is usually unknown, FDA uses analytical methods capable of simultaneously determining a number of pesticide residues. These multiresidue methods (MRMs) can determine about half of the approximately 400 pesticides with EPA tolerances, and many others that have no tolerances. The most commonly used MRMs can also detect many metabolites, impurities, and alteration products of pesticides (2).
Single residue methods (SRMs) or selective MRMs are used to determine some pesticide residues in foods (2). An SRM usually determines one pesticide; a selective MRM measures a relatively small number of chemically related pesticides. These types of methods are usually more resource-intensive per residue. Therefore, they are much less cost effective than MRMs.
The lower limit of residue measurement in FDA's determination of a specific pesticide is usually well below tolerance levels, which generally range from 0.1 to 50 parts per million (ppm). Residues present at 0.01 ppm and above are usually measurable; however, for individual pesticides, this limit may range from 0.005 to 1 ppm. In this report, the term "trace" is used to indicate residues detected, but at levels below the limit of quantitation (LOQ).
Personnel in FDA field offices interact with their counterparts in many states to increase FDA's effectiveness in pesticide residue monitoring. In many cases, Memoranda of Understanding or more formal Partnership Agreements have been established between FDA and various state agencies. These agreements provide for more efficient monitoring by broadening coverage and eliminating duplication of effort, thereby maximizing federal and state resources allocated for pesticide activities. These arrangements vary from data sharing, joint planning, and state collection of samples for FDA examination, to FDA/State division of collection, analytical, and enforcement follow-up responsibilities for individual commodities or products of particular origin (i.e., imported vs. domestic products).
In addition to monitoring foods for human consumption, FDA also samples and analyzes domestic and imported feeds for pesticide residues. FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) directs this portion of the Agency's monitoring via its Feed Contaminants Compliance Program. Although animal feeds containing violative pesticide residues may present a potential hazard to a number of different categories of animals (e.g., laboratory animals, pets, wildlife, etc.), the major focus of CVM's monitoring is on feeds for livestock and poultry, animals that ultimately become, or produce, foods for human consumption.
FDA participates in several international agreements in an effort to minimize incidents of violative residues and remove trade barriers. A standing request for information from foreign governments on pesticides used on their food exported to the U.S. exists, a provision of the Pesticide Monitoring Improvements Act.
Under the auspices of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States, Mexico, and Canada have established a NAFTA Technical Working Group on Pesticides (TWG). The NAFTA Pesticide TWG now serves as the focal point for all pesticide issues that arise among the three NAFTA countries. The TWG reports directly to the NAFTA Sanitary and Phytosanitary Committee.
One of the major goals of the TWG is to ensure that pesticide registrations and tolerances/maximum residue limits in the three countries are harmonized to the extent practical, while strengthening protection of public health and the environment. A number of projects have been undertaken by the TWG to identify differing residue limits in the NAFTA countries and to determine what steps might be taken to harmonize the limits. While this is a difficult process, the TWG envisions eventual movement toward a "North America" pesticide registration and tolerance system so that citizens of all three countries can be assured of the safety and legality of foods produced in any one of the NAFTA countries. FDA's activities on the TWG complement its ongoing bilateral cooperation with its counterparts in Mexico and Canada.
Beyond the North American agreements, FDA continues to collaborate with New Zealand to implement a "residue compliance assurance program." New Zealand, historically having excellent compliance with U.S. pesticide tolerances, is implementing a plan whereby their government would provide assurances that selected commodities exported to the United States would be in full compliance with U.S. tolerances.
The Total Diet Study is the other major element of FDA's pesticide residue monitoring program (3). In its previous annual pesticide reports, FDA provided Total Diet Study findings for 1987-1996 (4a, 4b). More detailed information, including estimated dietary intakes of pesticide residues covering June 1984-April 1986 (5) and July 1986-April 1991 (6), has been published. In September 1991, FDA implemented revisions to the Total Diet Study that were formulated in 1990 (7). These revisions primarily consisted of collection and analysis of an updated and expanded number of food items, addition of six age/sex groups (for a total of 14), and revised analytical coverage. Details of that revision are published (8, 9).
In conducting the Total Diet Study, FDA personnel purchase foods from supermarkets or grocery stores four times per year, once from each of four geographic regions of the country. The 261 foods that comprise each market basket represent over 3500 different foods reported in USDA food consumption surveys; for example, apple pie represents all fruit pies and fruit pastries. Each collection is a composite of like foods purchased in three cities in a given region. The foods are prepared table-ready and then analyzed for pesticide residues (as well as radionuclides, industrial chemicals, toxic elements, trace and macro elements, vitamin B6, and folic acid). The levels of pesticides found are used in conjunction with USDA food consumption data to estimate the dietary intakes of the pesticide residues.
In 1997, 9,843 samples (9,652 surveillance and 191 compliance) were analyzed under regulatory monitoring. Of these, 4,501 were domestic and 5,342 were imports.
Figure 1 shows the percentage of the 4,429 domestic surveillance samples by commodity group with no residues found, nonviolative residues found, and violative residues found. (A violative residue is defined in this report as a residue which exceeds a tolerance or a residue at a level of regulatory significance for which no tolerance has been established in the sampled food.)
As in earlier years, fruits and vegetables accounted for the largest proportion of the commodities analyzed in 1997; those two commodity groups comprised 65% of the total number of domestic surveillance samples. In 1997, no violative residues were found in 98.8% of all domestic surveillance samples (98.7% in 1995 and 99.1% in 1996).
Appendix A contains more detailed data on domestic surveillance monitoring findings by commodity, including the total number of samples analyzed, the percent samples with no residues found, and the percent violative samples. Of the 4,429 domestic surveillance samples, 66.0% had no detectable residues and 1.24% had violative residues. In the largest commodity groups, fruits and vegetables, 44.1% and 69.1% of the samples, respectively, had no residues detected. 1.2% of the fruit samples and 2.4% of the vegetable samples contained violative residues (Figure 1). In the milk/dairy products/eggs group, 97.0% of the samples had no residues detected, and no violative residues were found. Fifty-one samples of baby foods or formula were analyzed (see category Other). This included 17 vegetable, 12 cereal, 18 fruit juice, and 4 formula samples. None of the samples had violative residues.
Findings by commodity group for the 5,223 import surveillance samples are shown in Figure 2. Fruits and vegetables accounted for 84.1% of these samples. Overall, no violative residues were found in 98.4% of the import surveillance samples (96.8% in 1995 and 97.4% in 1996).
Appendix B contains detailed data on the import surveillance samples. Of the 5,223 samples analyzed, 66.1% had no residues detected, and less than 2% had violative residues. Fruits and vegetables had 60.6 and 63.0%, respectively, with no residues detected. The fruit group and the vegetable group had 1.2 and 2.1%, respectively, with violative residues. No residues were found in 89.4% of the dairy products/eggs group and 96.7% of the fish/shellfish group, and no violative residues were found in either of those groups.
Pesticide monitoring data collected under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in 1997 are available to the public as a computer database. This database summarizes FDA 1997 regulatory monitoring coverage and findings by country/commodity/pesticide combination. The database also includes the monitoring data by individual sample from which the summary information was compiled. Information on how to obtain this database as well as those for 19921996 is provided at the end of this report.
Domestic. In 1997, the 4,429 domestic surveillance samples were collected from all 50 states, Puerto Rico and American Samoa. The largest numbers of samples were collected from those states that are the largest producers of fruits and vegetables. Table 1 lists numbers of domestic surveillance samples from each location, in order of descending numbers of samples.
Import. Samples representing food shipments from 97 countries were collected. (Origin of some additional samples was unspecified.) Table 2 lists numbers of samples (surveillance and compliance) collected from each country. Mexico, as usual, was the source of the largest number of samples, reflecting the volume and diversity of commodities imported from that country, especially during the winter months.
In 1997, 72 domestic and 119 import compliance samples were collected and analyzed (Table 3). Because compliance samples are collected when a pesticide residue problem is known or suspected, violation rates are expectedly higher than those for surveillance samples: 6.9% for domestic (7.8% in 1996) and 10.1% for imports (11.5% in 1996). The corresponding violation rates for surveillance samples were 1.2% for domestic and 1.6% for imports.
Most of the 1997 compliance samples were collected as follow-up to violative surveillance samples. These included follow-up samples from the same shipment as the violative surveillance sample, follow-up samples of the same commodity from the same grower or shipper, and audit samples from shipments presented for entry into the United States with a certificate of analysis (i.e., shipments subject to detention without physical examination).
Table 4 lists the 366 pesticides that were detectable by the methods used; each of the 91 pesticides that were actually found is indicated by an asterisk.
FDA conducts ongoing research to expand the pesticide coverage of its monitoring program. This research includes testing the behavior of new or previously untested pesticides through existing analytical methods, and development of new methods to cover pesticides that cannot be determined by methods currently used by FDA. The research encompasses both U.S.-registered pesticides and foreign-use pesticides that are not registered in the United States. The list of pesticides detectable for 1997 (Table 4) reflects the addition of a number of pesticides whose recovery through the analytical methods used was demonstrated as a result of ongoing research.
In FY'97, 460 domestic and 42 import feed samples were collected for surveillance purposes and analyzed for pesticides by the FDA. Of the 460 domestic surveillance samples, 286 (62.2%) contained no detectable pesticide residues and 1 (0.2%) contained residues which exceeded regulatory guidance (Table 5). Of the 42 import surveillance samples, 24 (57.1%) contained no detectable pesticide residues and 1 (2.4%) contained residues which exceeded regulatory guidance.
A domestic sample of sudan hay contained 0.170 ppm of endosulfan sulfate and an imported sample of canola fines contained 0.033 ppm of malathion. These two samples were considered to have exceeded regulatory guidance because there are no tolerances established for these pesticide/commodity combinations.
In the 174 domestic surveillance samples of feed in which one or more pesticides were detected, there were 259 residues (193 quantifiable and 66 trace). Malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and diazinon were the most frequently found and accounted for 71.4% of all residues detected (Table 6).
In summary, no residues were found in 66% of both domestic and import surveillance samples (Figure 3) analyzed under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in 1997. Only 1.2% of domestic and 1.6% of import surveillance samples had residue levels that were violative. The findings for 1997 demonstrate that pesticide residue levels in foods are generally well below EPA tolerances, corroborating results presented in earlier reports (4a, 4b). Animal feed samples (460 domestic, 42 import) were analyzed. Over 62% of the domestic surveillance samples and over 52% of the import surveillance samples contained no residues.
The Total Diet Study (TDS) is unique in that it determines pesticide residues in foods prepared for consumption (3). Of the nearly 200 chemicals that are validated for the analytical methods used, 104 individual residues were found in the foods analyzed in the four collections reported here (Market Baskets 96-3, 96-4, 97-1, and 97-2). Among these were 53 pesticides, including 13 which represent more than one related compound counted as a "total", 18 volatile organic compounds for which TDS foods are now being examined, and 10 other organic compounds. To measure the low levels of pesticides found in the TDS foods, the analytical methods used are modified to permit measurement at levels 5-10 times lower than those normally used in regulatory monitoring. In general, residues present at or above 1 part per billion can be measured.
Table 7 lists the 23 most frequently found residues (those found in >2% of the samples), the total number of findings, and the percent occurrence in the four market baskets analyzed in 1997(1036 food items). The three most frequently observed chemicals, DDT, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and malathion, are the same as those observed for the past several years. The levels of these pesticides, as well as the others listed in Table 7, were well below regulatory limits.
Information obtained through the TDS is used to estimate dietary intakes of pesticides; these intakes are then compared with established standards. Food consumption data to be used in estimating dietary intakes for the revised food list have only recently been finalized. Therefore, dietary intake information for the market baskets collected since 1991 will be reported separately.
For several years, FDA has collected and analyzed a number of baby foods in addition to those covered under TDS. This adjunct to TDS now includes 22 different food items (13 fruit juices or fruits, 4 fruit desserts, 4 grain products, and 1 vegetable). Table 8 lists the 21 pesticide residues found in four collections of these foods (88 samples total) in 1997, the percentage occurrence, and ranges of levels found.
In 1997, the types of pesticide residues found and their frequency of occurrence in TDS were generally consistent with those given in previous FDA reports (4a, 4b). The pesticide residue levels found were well below regulatory standards. An adjunct survey of baby foods in 1991-1997 also provided evidence of only small amounts of pesticide residues in those foods.
A total of 9,843 samples of domestically produced food and imported food from 97 countries was analyzed for pesticide residues in 1997. Of these, 9,652 were surveillance samples, which are collected when there is no evidence of a pesticide problem. No residues were found in 66% of both domestic surveillance and import surveillance samples. The higher violation rates in the 191 compliance samples reflect the fact that they are collected and analyzed when a pesticide problem is suspected.
FDA collected and analyzed animal feed samples (460 domestic, 42 import) for pesticides. Over 62% of the domestic surveillance samples and over 52% of the import surveillance samples contained no residues.
Most of the Total Diet Study findings for 1997 were generally similar to those found in earlier periods; details of findings will be published separately. An adjunct survey of baby foods in 1991-1997 also provided evidence of only small amounts of pesticide residues in those foods.
This report was compiled through the efforts of the following FDA personnel: Bernadette M. McMahon, Mark S. Wirtz, and Charles H. Parfitt (Division of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals), Young H. Lee (Division of Programs and Enforcement Policy), Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages; Sharon A. Macuci (Division of Information Resources Management), Office of Management Systems, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC., Randall Lovell, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD, Sheila K. Egan and David Graham, Kansas City District, Lenexa, KS.
The database containing the data from which this report was derived is also available from FDA's World Wide Web site, at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov. The 1996 report and database are available at the same site. FDA pesticide monitoring data collected under the regulatory monitoring approach in 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 are available for purchase on personal computer diskettes from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (telephone 703-487-4650); order numbers are: 1992, PB94-500899; 1993, PB94-501681; 1994, PB95-503132; and 1995, PB96-503156.
(1) Code of Federal Regulations (1996) Title 40, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Parts 180, 185, and 186.
(2) Pesticide Analytical Manual Volume I (3rd Ed., 1994 and subsequent revisions) and Volume II (1971 and subsequent revisions), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC (available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161).
(3) Pennington, J.A.T., Capar, S.G., Parfitt, C.H., & Edwards, C.W. (1996) History of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study (Part II), 1987-1993. J. AOAC Int. 79, 163-170.
(4a) Food and Drug Administration (1995) Food and Drug Administration pesticide program - residue monitoring - 1994. J. AOAC Int. 78, 117A-143A (and earlier reports in the series).
(4b) Food and Drug Administration (1996) Food and Drug Administration pesticide program - residue monitoring - 1995, 1996. Available from FDA's World Wide Web site at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov.
(5) Gunderson, E.L. (1995) Dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals: FDA Total Diet Study, June 1984-April 1986. J. AOAC Int. 78, 910-921.
(6) Gunderson, E.L. (1995) FDA Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. J. AOAC Int. 78, 1353- 1363.
(7) Pennington, J.A.T. (1992) Total Diet Studies: the identification of core foods in the United States food supply. Food Addit. Contam. 9, 253-264.
(8) Pennington, J.A.T. (1992) The 1990 revision of the FDA Total Diet Study. J. Nutr. Educ. 24, 173-178.
(9) Pennington, J.A.T. (1992) Appendices for the 1990 revision of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study. PB92-176239/AS, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
CA |
632 |
PA |
41 |
|
FL |
514 |
SD |
41 |
|
WA |
388 |
AR |
34 |
|
NY |
273 |
SC |
34 |
|
VA |
203 |
CO |
32 |
|
LA |
198 |
TN |
31 |
|
AZ |
149 |
IA |
28 |
|
IL |
144 |
UT |
27 |
|
OR |
141 |
AL |
26 |
|
MO |
139 |
DE |
25 |
|
ID |
130 |
NE |
25 |
|
MA |
129 |
KY |
21 |
|
WI |
113 |
NM |
21 |
|
TX |
96 |
OK |
20 |
|
MN |
93 |
WY |
17 |
|
GA |
63 |
WV |
13 |
|
MI |
62 |
IN |
11 |
|
NJ |
62 |
AK |
10 |
|
MD |
59 |
RI |
7 |
|
OH |
57 |
ME |
6 |
|
MT |
56 |
NH |
6 |
|
KS |
46 |
HI |
5 |
|
ND |
45 |
NV |
4 |
|
NC |
44 |
CT |
3 |
|
MS |
42 |
VT |
1 |
|
a Other domestic samples: Puerto Rico, 52 samples; American Samoa, 10 samples . |
Mexico |
2056 |
Israel |
44 |
|
Chile |
314 |
Argentina |
43 |
|
China, Peoples Rep. |
207 |
Honduras |
40 |
|
Guatemala |
190 |
Belgium |
39 |
|
Thailand |
185 |
Unspecified |
39 |
|
Canada |
164 |
South Africa |
38 |
|
Ecuador |
162 |
Philippines |
35 |
|
Italy |
143 |
Greece |
34 |
|
Netherlands (Holland |
142 |
Jamaica |
34 |
|
Spain (inc. Canary Islands) |
130 |
Brazil |
28 |
|
India |
117 |
Indonesia |
26 |
|
Colombia |
110 |
Viet-Nam, Rep. Of |
25 |
|
Costa Rica |
106 |
United Kingdom |
24 |
|
Dominican Republic |
92 |
Japan |
18 |
|
Turkey |
74 |
El Salvador |
17 |
|
Taiwan, Republic Of |
71 |
Germany, Federal Rep |
16 |
|
New Zealand |
66 |
Pakistan |
16 |
|
Korea, Rep. Of (South Korea) |
60 |
Hong Kong |
14 |
|
Panama |
60 |
Egypt |
13 |
|
Peru |
56 |
Poland |
13 |
|
France |
51 |
Denmark |
11 |
|
Australia |
48 |
Austria Bahamas Bangladesh Belize Bolivia Br. Virgin Is. Bulgaria Burma (Myanmar) Congo Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland Ghana Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland Ireland Ivory Coast Kenya Korea, Dem. Peoples |
Lebanon Macedonia Malawi Malaysia Moldova (Moldavia) Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman (Muscat) Portugal (inc. Azores) Russia Singapore Slovenia St. Lucia Sweden Switzerland Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Ukraine Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Yugoslavia Zambia |
|||
a Surveillance plus compliance samples. |
Commodity Group |
Total No. of Samples |
Samples without Residues, % |
Samples Violative, % |
Domestic |
|||
Grains and Grain Products |
3 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
7 |
85.7 |
0.0 |
Fish/Shellfish |
3 |
33.3 |
0.0 |
Fruits |
6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Vegetables |
45 |
31.1 |
11.1 |
Other |
8 |
87.5 |
0.0 |
Total |
72 |
41.7 |
6.9 |
Import |
|||
Grains and Grain Products |
15 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
Fish/Shellfish |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
Fruits |
18 |
55.6 |
11.1 |
Vegetables |
64 |
51.6 |
15.6 |
Other |
17 |
76.5 |
0.0 |
Total |
119 |
59.7 |
10.1 |
2,4-dichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine
4(phenylamino)phenol* acephate* acetochlor acrinathrin alachlor aldicarb* aldrin allethrin allidochlor alpha-cypermethrin ametryn aminocarb amitraz anilazine Aramite atrazine* azinphos-ethyl azinphos-methyl* bendiocarb benfluralin benodanil benomyl/carbendazimc benoxacor bensulide benzoylprop-ethyl 6-benzyladenine BHC* bifenox bifenthrin* binapacryl biphenyl* bitertanol bromacil bromophos bromophos-ethyl bromopropylate bromoxynil bromuconazole bufencarb Bulan bupirimate butachlor butralin butylate cadusafos captafol captan* carbaryl* carbofuran carbophenothion carbosulfan carboxin carfentrazone ethyl ester chlorbenside chlorbromuron chlorbufam chlordane* chlordecone chlordimeform* chlorethoxyfos chlorfenapyr chlorfenvinphos chlorflurecol methyl ester chlorimuron ethyl ester chlornitrofen chlorobenzilate 3-chloro-5-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole chloroneb chloropicrin chloropropylate chlorothalonil* chloroxuron chlorpropham* chlorpyrifos* chlorpyrifos-methyl* chlorthiophos clomazone coumaphos crotoxyphos crufomate cyanazine cyanofenphos cyanophos cycloate cycluron cyfluthrin cymoxanil cypermethrin* cyprazine cyproconazole cyprodinil DCPA* DDT* deltamethrin deltamethrin, trans demeton* desmetryn dialifor di-allate N,N-diallyl-dichloroacetamide diazinon* dichlobenil dichlofenthion dichlofluanid* dichlone 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azapiro[4.5]decane 2,6-dichlorobenzamide dichlorvos* diclobutrazol diclofop-methyl dicloran* dicofol* dicrotophos dieldrin* diethatyl-ethyl Dilan dimethachlor dimethametryn dimethipin dimethoate* dinitramine dinobuton dinocap dioxabenzofos dioxacarb dioxathion diphenamid diphenylamine* dipropetryn disulfoton* diuron edifenphos endosulfan* endrin* EPN esfenvalerate* etaconazole ethalfluralin ethephon ethiofencarb ethion* ethofumesate ethoprop ethoxyquin* ethylenebisdithiocarbamates*d etridiazole etrimfos* famphur fenamiphos fenarimol fenbuconazole fenfuram fenitrothion fenoxaprop ethyl ester fenoxycarb fenpropathrin* fenpropimorph fenson fensulfothion fenthion fenvalerate* fipronil flamprop-M-isopropyl flamprop-methyl fluazifop butyl ester fluchloralin flucythrinate fludioxinil flusilazole fluvalinate* folpet* fonofos formothion fosthiazate fuberidazole furilazole Gardona heptachlor* heptenophos hexachlorobenzene* hexaconazole hexazinone |
hexythiazox
imazalil* imazamethabenz methyl ester iprobenfos iprodione* iprodione metabolite isomer* isazofos isocarbamid isofenphos isoprocarb isopropalin isoprothiolane isoxaben isoxaflutole lactofen lambda-cyhalothrin lenacil leptophos lindane* linuron* malathion* mecarbam* mephosfolan merphos metalaxyl* metaldehyde* metasystox thiol metazachlor methabenzthiazuron methamidophos* methidathion* methiocarb* methomyl* methoprotryne methoxychlor* 2-methoxy-5,6-trichloropyridine methyl chloride* metobromuron metolachlor metolcarb metribuzin mevinphos* MGK 264 mirex molinate monocrotophos* monolinuron monuron myclobutanil* naled* napropamide naptalam* neburon nitralin nitrapyrin nitrofen nitrofluorfen nitrothal-isopropyl norea norflurazon nuarimol octhilinone ofurace omethoate* ovex oxadiazon oxadixyl oxamyl* oxydemeton-methyl oxyfluorfen oxythioquinox paclobutrazol paraquat parathion* parathion-methyl* pebulate penconazole pendimethalin pentachlorobenzene* pentachlorobenzonitrile pentachlorophenyl methyl ether* permethrin* Perthane phenmedipham* phenothrin phenthoate phenylphenol, ortho-* phorate* phosalone* phosmet* phosphamidon* phoxim oxygen analog piperonyl butoxide piperophos pirimicarb pirimiphos-ethyl pirimiphos-methyl* pretilachlor probenazole prochloraz procyazine procymidone* prodiamine profenofos profluralin Prolan promecarb prometryn pronamide propachlor propanil propargite* propazine propetamphos propham propiconazole propoxur* prothiofos prothoate pyracarbolid pyrazon pyrazophos* pyrethrins pyridaphenthion pyrimethanil pyriproxyfen quinalphos* quintozene* quizalofop ethyl ester ronnel S-bioallethrin schradan secbumeton simazine* simetryn Strobane sulfallate sulfotep* Sulphenone sulprofos TCMTB tebuconazole tebupirimfos tecnazene tefluthrin TEPP terbacil terbufos terbumeton terbuthylazine terbutryn tetradifon tetraiodoethylene tetrasul thiabendazole* thiazopyr thiodicarb thiometon thionazin thiophanate-methyl THPI* tolylfluanid toxaphene tralomethrin traloxydim triadimefon* triadimenol* tri-allate triazamate triazophos tribufos* trichlorfon tricyclazole tridiphane trietazine triflumizole trifluralin* triflusulfuron methyl ester trimethacarb vamidothion sulfone vernolate vinclozolin* XMC |
a The list of pesticides detectable is expressed in terms of the parent pesticide. However, monitoring coverage and findings may have included metabolites, impurities, and alteration products. | |
b Some of these pesticides are no longer manufactured or registered for use in the United States. | |
c The analytical methodology determines carbendazim, which may result from use of benomyl or carbendazim. | |
d Such as maneb. |
  | Total # | Without residues | Exceeding Guidance | ||
Type of Feed | Samples |
# |
% |
# |
% |
Whole/Ground Grains |
167 |
118 |
70.7 |
0 |
0.0 |
Mixed Feed Rations |
102 |
40 |
39.2 |
0 |
0.0 |
Animal By-products |
91 |
62 |
68.1 |
0 |
0.0 |
Plant By-products |
80 |
50 |
62.5 |
0 |
0.0 |
Hay & Hay Products |
19 |
15 |
78.9 |
1 |
5.3 |
Minerals/Supplements |
1 |
1 |
100.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
Total |
460 |
286 |
62.2 |
1 |
0.2 |
|
No. of Samples with |
|
||
|
Trace |
Quantifiable |
Rangeb |
Medianb |
malathion |
25 |
81 |
0.010-3.180 |
0.060 |
chlorpyrifos-methyl |
8 |
38 |
0.010-2.420 |
0.064 |
diazinon |
6 |
27 |
0.010-0.160 |
0.030 |
DEF |
2 |
13 |
0.050-0.600 |
0.115 |
chlorpyrifos |
7 |
4 |
0.012-0.434 |
0.064 |
parathion |
1 |
7 |
0.020-0.440 |
0.135 |
methoxychlor |
3 |
5 |
0.017-0.145 |
0.025 |
ethion |
3 |
3 |
0.029-0.110 |
0.080 |
all othersc |
11 |
15 |
0.010-235.0d |
0.075 |
a residue found is below that normally quantifiable, but its presence and identity are known. b in samples containing quantifiable levels. c DDE/DDT/TDE, n=4; pirimiphos-methyl, lindane, and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate, n=3 each; ethoxyquin and Gardona, n=2 each; chlordane, dieldrin, diphenyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphate, endosulfan sulfate, methamidophos, permethrin, phosmet, quintozene and tri-allate, n=1 each. d the 235.0 ppm value was ethoxyquin in brewers grain. Ethoxyquin is approved as a pesticide (plant regulator) at levels up to 3 ppm (40 CFR 180.178). Ethoxyquin is also a feed additive (anti-oxidant) that is approved at levels up to 150 ppm in a finished article (21 CFR 573.380). Levels above 150 ppm are allowed in individual components of the diet provided the directions for use ensure the proper concentration in the finished article. The next highest value within the range for "all others" was 1.48 ppm. |
Pesticide b |
Total No. of Findings |
Occurrence, % |
DDT |
244 |
24 |
chlorpyrifos-methyl |
165 |
16 |
malathion |
161 |
16 |
endosulfan |
147 |
14 |
dieldrin |
127 |
12 |
chlorpropham |
85 |
8 |
chlorpyrifos |
79 |
8 |
iprodione |
62 |
6 |
permethrin |
45 |
4 |
thiabendazolec |
36 |
3 |
dicloran |
35 |
3 |
methamidophos |
31 |
3 |
carbaryld |
30 |
2.9 |
dimethoate |
29 |
2.8 |
hexachlorobenzene |
27 |
2.6 |
methoxychlor |
26 |
2.5 |
BHC (alpha+beta+delta) |
24 |
2.3 |
pirimiphos-methyl |
24 |
2.3 |
lindane |
23 |
2.2 |
acephate |
21 |
2.0 |
azinphos-methyl |
21 |
2.0 |
omethoate |
21 |
2.0 |
toxaphene |
21 |
2.0 |
a Based on 4 market baskets analyzed in 1997 consisting of 259 items each (1036 total). Only those found in >2% of the samples are shown. b Isomers, metabolites, and related compounds are not listed separately; they are covered under the "parent" pesticide from which they arise. c Reflects overall incidence; however, only 66 selected foods per market basket (i.e., 264 items total) were analyzed for the benzimidazole fungicides thiabendazole and benomyl. d Reflects overall incidence; however, only 94 selected foods per market basket (i.e., 376 items total) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamates.
|
Pesticideb |
Total No. of Findings |
Occurrence, % |
Range, ppm |
||
iprodione |
19 |
22 |
0.0007-0.073 |
||
permethrin |
12 |
14 |
0.0011-0.072 |
||
chlorpyrifos |
11 |
13 |
0.0003-0.006 |
||
endosulfan |
11 |
13 |
0.0004-0.0145 |
||
malathion |
9 |
10 |
0.001-0.035 |
||
carbarylc |
8 |
9 |
0.004-0.025 |
||
chlorpyrifos-methyl |
7 |
8 |
0.001-0.032 |
||
dimethoate |
7 |
8 |
0.0008-0.006 |
||
thiabendazoled |
6 |
7 |
0.034-0.329 |
||
ethylenethioureae |
4 |
5 |
0.005-0.010 |
||
propargitef |
4 |
5 |
0.021-0.070 |
||
benomyld |
3 |
3 |
0.035-0.055 |
||
phosmet |
3 |
3 |
0.003-0.005 |
||
propiconazole |
3 |
3 |
0.003-0.052 |
||
dieldrin |
2 |
2.3 |
0.0004-0.001 |
||
fenarimol |
2 |
2.3 |
0.0003-0.0008 |
||
omethoate |
2 |
2.3 |
0.003-0.005 |
||
dicloran |
1 |
1.1 |
0.001 |
||
heptachlor |
1 |
1.1 |
0.0005 |
||
methoxychlor |
1 |
1.1 |
0.0003 |
||
parathion-methyl |
1 |
1.1 |
0.001 |
||
a Based on 4 collections consisting of 88 total items. | |||||
b Isomers, metabolites, and related compounds are not listed separately; they are covered under the "parent" pesticide from which they arise. | |||||
c Reflects overall incidence; however, only 16 selected foods per collection (i.e., 64 items total) were analyzed for N- methylcarbamates. | |||||
d Reflects overall incidence; however, only 15 selected items (i.e., 60 items total) were analyzed for the benzimidazole fungicides (thiabendazole and benomyl). | |||||
e Reflects overall incidence; however, only 13 selected items (i.e., 52 items total) were analyzed for ethylenethiourea. | |||||
f Reflects overall incidence; however, only 16 selected foods per collection (i.e., 64 items total) were analyzed for this sulfur-containing compound. |
Commodity Group |
Total Samples |
Samples without Residues, % |
Samples Violativea, % |
# over tolerance |
# no tolerance |
|
A. Grains and Grain Products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corn & corn products |
32 | 50.0 | 0.0 |
|
|
|
Oats & oat products |
22 |
77.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Rice & rice products |
79 |
92.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Soybeans & soybean products |
18 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Wheat & wheat products |
198 |
37.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other grains & grain products |
24 |
79.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Breakfast cereals |
18 |
94.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bakery products, crackers, etc. |
6 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
397 |
59.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cheese & cheese products |
91 |
96.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Eggs |
138 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Milk/cream & milk products |
399 |
96.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
628 |
97.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fish/Shellfish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fish & Fish Products |
258 |
58.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Shellfish & Crustaceans |
109 |
90.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other Aquatic Animals & Products |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
369 |
68.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Fruits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blackberries |
6 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Blueberries |
35 |
74.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cranberries |
5 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Grapes, raisins |
26 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Raspberries |
21 |
23.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Strawberries |
79 |
15.2 |
7.6 |
2 |
4 |
|
Other berries |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grapefruit |
18 |
38.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lemons |
13 |
69.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Oranges |
147 |
38.8 |
0.7 |
|
1 |
|
Other citrus fruit |
9 |
22.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apples |
193 |
34.7 |
0.5 |
1 |
|
|
Pears |
88 |
42.0 |
3.4 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apricots |
3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Avocadoes |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cherries |
62 |
24.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Nectarines |
13 |
15.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peaches |
161 |
29.2 |
1.2 |
1 |
1 |
|
Plums |
6 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bananas, plantains |
7 |
42.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Kiwi fruit |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Mangoes |
4 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cantaloupe |
64 |
73.4 |
1.6 |
|
1 |
|
Honeydew |
9 |
55.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Watermelon |
41 |
85.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other melons |
4 |
25.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apple juice |
95 |
65.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Citrus juice |
31 |
93.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other fruit juices |
10 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fruit jams/jellies/ |
16 |
56.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
1171 |
44.1 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Vegetables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corn |
89 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Mung beans and bean sprouts |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) |
97 |
81.4 |
1.0 |
|
1 |
|
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) |
161 |
64.6 |
1.2 |
1 |
1 |
|
Other beans & peas & products |
74 |
93.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cucumbers |
66 |
69.7 |
3.0 |
1b |
1 |
|
Eggplant |
23 |
73.9 |
4.3 |
|
1 |
|
Okra |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peppers, hot |
12 |
50.0 |
8.3 |
|
1 |
|
Peppers, sweet |
85 |
57.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Squash/pumpkins |
112 |
74.1 |
1.8 |
|
2 |
|
Tomatoes |
143 |
67.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other fruiting vegetables |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Artichokes |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Asparagus |
32 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage |
19 |
36.8 |
21.1 |
|
4 |
|
Broccoli |
23 |
78.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cabbage |
68 |
83.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cauliflower |
12 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Celery |
21 |
0.0 |
4.8 |
|
1 |
|
Collards |
17 |
58.8 |
11.8 |
1 |
1 |
|
Endive |
11 |
27.3 |
27.3 |
|
3 |
|
Kale |
8 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lettuce, head |
60 |
46.7 |
5.0 |
2 |
1 |
|
Lettuce, leaf |
66 |
33.3 |
4.5 |
1 |
2 |
|
Mustard greens |
12 |
50.0 |
16.7 |
1 |
1 |
|
Spinach |
34 |
35.3 |
11.8 |
2 |
2 |
|
Other leaf & stem vegetables |
19 |
84.2 |
10.5 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mushrooms & Truffles |
8 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carrots |
116 |
64.7 |
1.7 |
1 |
1 |
|
Cassava |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots |
32 |
87.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Potatoes |
152 |
61.2 |
1.3 |
2 |
|
|
Radishes |
12 |
91.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Red beets |
18 |
72.2 |
11.1 |
|
2 |
|
Sweet potatoes |
33 |
81.8 |
3.0 |
1 |
|
|
Other root & tuber vegetables |
12 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vegetables with sauce |
8 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetables, dried or paste |
28 |
96.4 |
3.6 |
|
1 |
|
Other vegetables/vegetable products |
13 |
69.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
1707 |
69.1 |
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peanuts & peanut products |
41 |
78.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other nuts & nut products |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edible seeds |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetable oil, crude |
10 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetable oil, refined |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spices & condiments & flavors |
11 |
90.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beverage bases |
23 |
56.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Honey & other sweeteners |
9 |
88.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baby foods/formula |
51 |
92.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other food products, incl. prepared foods |
6 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Nonfood items |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
157 |
82.8 |
0.0 |
|
| |
A-F Total |
4429 |
66.0 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
a Includes samples with residues over tolerance or action level and samples with residues with no tolerance. | ||||||
b Residue in sample exceeded an action level rather than a tolerance. |
Commodity Group |
Total Samples |
Samples without Residues, % |
Samples Violativea, % |
# over tolerance |
# no tolerance |
|
A. Grains and Grain Products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corn & corn products |
5 |
80.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Oats & oat products |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Rice & rice products |
88 |
88.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Soybeans & soybean products |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Wheat & wheat products |
26 |
73.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other grains & grain products |
24 |
62.5 |
12.5 |
|
3 |
|
Breakfast cereals |
9 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bakery products, crackers, etc. |
25 |
84.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Pasta and noodles |
138 |
89.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
322 |
86.0 |
0.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Butter |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cheese & cheese products |
61 |
93.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Eggs |
20 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Milk/cream & milk products |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
85 |
89.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fish/Shellfish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fish & Fish Products |
128 |
93.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Shellfish & Crustaceans |
26 |
96.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other Aquatic Animals & Products |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
158 |
93.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Fruits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Blackberries |
59 |
32.2 |
3.4 |
|
2 |
|
Blueberries |
15 |
60.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cranberries |
4 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Grapes, raisins |
139 |
46.8 |
0.7 |
|
1 |
|
Raspberries |
105 |
26.7 |
1.9 |
|
2 |
|
Strawberries |
38 |
18.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other berries |
7 |
71.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clementines |
5 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Grapefruit |
6 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lemons |
12 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Limes |
61 |
82.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Oranges |
46 |
84.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other citrus fruit |
8 |
62.5 |
12.5 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apples |
58 |
24.1 |
1.7 |
|
1 |
|
Pears |
88 |
43.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other pome fruit |
12 |
91.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apricots |
3 |
33.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Avocadoes |
21 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cherries |
8 |
37.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Dates |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Nectarines |
10 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Olives |
56 |
87.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peaches |
33 |
57.6 |
3.0 |
|
1 |
|
Plums |
15 |
60.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other pit fruit |
7 |
71.4 |
14.3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bananas, plantains |
359 |
55.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Guavas |
3 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Kiwi fruit |
25 |
64.0 |
4.0 |
|
1 |
|
Mangoes |
71 |
91.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Papaya |
65 |
67.7 |
3.1 |
|
2 |
|
Pineapple |
96 |
78.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other sub-tropical fruit |
80 |
87.5 |
7.5 |
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cantaloupe |
80 |
21.2 |
1.2 |
|
1 |
|
Honeydew |
75 |
28.0 |
5.3 |
|
4 |
|
Watermelon |
45 |
68.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other melons |
33 |
36.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other fruits |
7 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Apple juice |
33 |
87.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Citrus juice |
15 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other fruit juices |
93 |
91.4 |
1.1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fruit jams/jellies/ |
134 |
88.8 |
0.8 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
2034 |
60.6 |
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Vegetables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corn |
28 |
92.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Mung beans and bean sprouts |
14 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) |
74 |
64.9 |
8.1 |
1 |
5 |
|
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) |
83 |
31.3 |
8.4 |
1 |
6 |
|
Other beans & peas & products |
89 |
83.2 |
2.2 |
1b |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cucumbers |
94 |
35.1 |
2.1 |
|
2 |
|
Eggplant |
25 |
48.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Okra |
32 |
87.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peppers, hot |
216 |
43.1 |
5.1 |
2 |
9 |
|
Peppers, sweet |
212 |
59.4 |
0.5 |
|
1 |
|
Squash/pumpkins |
148 |
35.1 |
0.7 |
|
1 |
|
Tomatoes |
325 |
49.9 |
0.3 |
|
1 |
|
Other fruiting vegetables |
65 |
67.7 |
4.6 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Artichokes |
29 |
93.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Asparagus |
89 |
92.1 |
1.1 |
1 |
|
|
Bamboo shoots |
16 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage |
16 |
62.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Broccoli |
43 |
83.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cabbage |
15 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cauliflower |
8 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Celery |
14 |
28.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Endive |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Kale |
15 |
46.7 |
6.7 |
|
1 |
|
Lettuce, head |
12 |
41.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lettuce, leaf |
27 |
55.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Mustard greens |
2 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Radicchio |
9 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Spinach |
20 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other leaf & stem vegetables |
66 |
59.1 |
1.5 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mushrooms & mushroom products |
68 |
95.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carrots |
49 |
75.5 |
2.0 |
|
1 |
|
Cassava |
24 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots |
75 |
73.3 |
1.3 |
|
1 |
|
Potatoes |
20 |
95.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Radishes |
9 |
44.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Red beets |
9 |
44.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Sweet potatoes |
22 |
95.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Water chestnuts |
34 |
97.1 |
2.9 |
|
1 |
|
Other root & tuber vegetables |
43 |
86.0 |
4.7 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vegetables with sauce |
14 |
85.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetables, dried or paste |
145 |
77.2 |
5.5 |
3b |
5 |
|
Other vegetables/vegetable products |
54 |
79.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
2356 |
63.0 |
2.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Almonds & almond products |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cashews |
25 |
92.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Coconut & coconut products |
15 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peanuts & peanut products |
23 |
65.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other nuts & nut products |
23 |
95.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edible seeds |
17 |
82.3 |
17.6 |
|
3 |
|
Vegetable oil, crude |
5 |
60.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetable oil, refined |
14 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spices & condiments & flavors |
23 |
69.6 |
13.0 |
|
3 |
|
Beverages & water |
28 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Beverage bases |
25 |
92.0 |
4.0 |
|
1 |
|
Coffee/tea/wine |
3 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cocoa beans & chocolate products |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Honey & other sweeteners |
35 |
88.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Baby foods/formula |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other food products, |
17 |
94.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Nonfood items |
9 |
55.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
268 |
86.6 |
2.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
A-F Total |
5223 |
66.0 |
1.6 |
|
| |
| ||||||
a Includes samples with residues over tolerance or action level and samples with residues with no tolerance. | ||||||
b Residue in sample exceeded an action level rather than a tolerance. |
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