-CITE-

21 USC Sec. 802 01/22/02

-EXPCITE-

TITLE 21 - FOOD AND DRUGS
CHAPTER 13 - DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
SUBCHAPTER I - CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENT
Part A - Introductory Provisions

-HEAD-

Sec. 802. Definitions

-STATUTE-

As used in this subchapter:
(1) The term ''addict'' means any individual who habitually uses any narcotic drug so as to endanger the public morals, health, safety, or welfare, or who is so far addicted to the use of narcotic drugs as to have lost the power of self-control with reference to his addiction.

(2) The term ''administer'' refers to the direct application of a controlled substance to the body of a patient or research subject by -

(A) a practitioner (or, in his presence, by his authorized agent), or

(B) the patient or research subject at the direction and in the presence of the practitioner, whether such application be by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means.

(3) The term ''agent'' means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser; except that such term does not include a common or contract carrier, public warehouseman, or employee of the carrier or warehouseman, when acting in the usual and lawful course of the carrier's or warehouseman's business.

(4) The term ''Drug Enforcement Administration'' means the Drug Enforcement Administration in the Department of Justice.

(5) The term ''control'' means to add a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, to a schedule under part B of this subchapter, whether by transfer from another schedule or otherwise.

(6) The term ''controlled substance'' means a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of part B of this subchapter. The term does not include distilled spirits, wine, malt beverages, or tobacco, as those terms are defined or used in subtitle E of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(7) The term ''counterfeit substance'' means a controlled substance which, or the container or labeling of which, without authorization, bears the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, number, or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser other than the person or persons who in fact manufactured, distributed, or dispensed such substance and which thereby falsely purports or is represented to be the product of, or to have been distributed by, such other manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser.

(8) The terms ''deliver'' or ''delivery'' mean the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer of a controlled substance or a listed chemical, whether or not there exists an agency relationship.

(9) The term ''depressant or stimulant substance'' means -

(A) a drug which contains any quantity of barbituric acid or any of the salts of barbituric acid; or

(B) a drug which contains any quantity of (i) amphetamine or any of its optical isomers; (ii) any salt of amphetamine or any salt of an optical isomer of amphetamine; or (iii) any substance which the Attorney General, after investigation, has found to be, and by regulation designated as, habit forming because of its stimulant effect on the central nervous system; or

(C) lysergic acid diethylamide; or

(D) any drug which contains any quantity of a substance which the Attorney General, after investigation, has found to have, and by regulation designated as having, a potential for abuse because of its depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system or its hallucinogenic effect.

(10) The term ''dispense'' means to deliver a controlled substance to an ultimate user or research subject by, or pursuant to the lawful order of, a practitioner, including the prescribing and administering of a controlled substance and the packaging, labeling or compounding necessary to prepare the substance for such delivery. The term ''dispenser'' means a practitioner who so delivers a controlled substance to an ultimate user or research subject.

(11) The term ''distribute'' means to deliver (other than by administering or dispensing) a controlled substance or a listed chemical. The term ''distributor'' means a person who so delivers a controlled substance or a listed chemical.

(12) The term ''drug'' has the meaning given that term by section 321(g)(1) of this title.

(13) The term ''felony'' means any Federal or State offense classified by applicable Federal or State law as a felony.

(14) The term ''isomer'' means the optical isomer, except as used in schedule I(c) and schedule II(a)(4). As used in schedule I(c), the term ''isomer'' means any optical, positional, or geometric isomer. As used in schedule II(a)(4), the term ''isomer'' means any optical or geometric isomer.

(15) The term ''manufacture'' means the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, or processing of a drug or other substance, either directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and includes any packaging or repackaging of such substance or labeling or relabeling of its container; except that such term does not include the preparation, compounding, packaging, or labeling of a drug or other substance in conformity with applicable State or local law by a practitioner as an incident to his administration or dispensing of such drug or substance in the course of his professional practice. The term ''manufacturer'' means a person who manufactures a drug or other substance.

(16) The term ''marihuana'' means all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa L., whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin. Such term does not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination.

(17) The term ''narcotic drug'' means any of the following whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:

(A) Opium, opiates, derivatives of opium and opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation. Such term does not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.

(B) Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw.

(C) Coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine or their salts have been removed.

(D) Cocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, and salts of isomers.

(E) Ecgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.

(F) Any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in subparagraphs (A) through (E).

(18) The term ''opiate'' means any drug or other substance having an addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into a drug having such addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability.

(19) The term ''opium poppy'' means the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., except the seed thereof.

(20) The term ''poppy straw'' means all parts, except the seeds, of the opium poppy, after mowing.

(21) The term ''practitioner'' means a physician, dentist, veterinarian, scientific investigator, pharmacy, hospital, or other person licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted, by the United States or the jurisdiction in which he practices or does research, to distribute, dispense, conduct research with respect to, administer, or use in teaching or chemical analysis, a controlled substance in the course of professional practice or research.

(22) The term ''production'' includes the manufacture, planting, cultivation, growing, or harvesting of a controlled substance.

(23) The term ''immediate precursor'' means a substance -

(A) which the Attorney General has found to be and by regulation designated as being the principal compound used, or produced primarily for use, in the manufacture of a controlled substance;

(B) which is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be used in the manufacture of such controlled substance; and

(C) the control of which is necessary to prevent, curtail, or limit the manufacture of such controlled substance.

(24) The term ''Secretary'', unless the context otherwise indicates, means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(25) The term ''serious bodily injury'' means bodily injury which involves -

(A) a substantial risk of death;

(B) protracted and obvious disfigurement; or

(C) protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty.

(26) The term ''State'' means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.

(27) The term ''ultimate user'' means a person who has lawfully obtained, and who possesses, a controlled substance for his own use or for the use of a member of his household or for an animal owned by him or by a member of his household.

(28) The term ''United States'', when used in a geographic sense, means all places and waters, continental or insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(29) The term ''maintenance treatment'' means the dispensing, for a period in excess of twenty-one days, of a narcotic drug in the treatment of an individual for dependence upon heroin or other morphine-like drugs.

(30) The term ''detoxification treatment'' means the dispensing, for a period not in excess of one hundred and eighty days, of a narcotic drug in decreasing doses to an individual in order to alleviate adverse physiological or psychological effects incident to withdrawal from the continuous or sustained use of a narcotic drug and as a method of bringing the individual to a narcotic drug-free state within such period.

(31) The term ''Convention on Psychotropic Substances'' means the Convention on Psychotropic Substances signed at Vienna, Austria, on February 21, 1971; and the term ''Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs'' means the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs signed at New York, New York, on March 30, 1961.

(32)

(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the term ''controlled substance analogue'' means a substance -

(i) the chemical structure of which is substantially similar to the chemical structure of a controlled substance in schedule I or II;

(ii) which has a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system that is substantially similar to or greater than the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled substance in schedule I or II; or

(iii) with respect to a particular person, which such person represents or intends to have a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system that is substantially similar to or greater than the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled substance in schedule I or II.

(B) The designation of gamma butyrolactone or any other chemical as a listed chemical pursuant to paragraph (34) or (35) does not preclude a finding pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph that the chemical is a controlled substance analogue.

(C) Such term does not include -

(i) a controlled substance;

(ii) any substance for which there is an approved new drug application;

(iii) with respect to a particular person any substance, if an exemption is in effect for investigational use, for that person, under section 355 of this title to the extent conduct with respect to such substance is pursuant to such exemption; or

(iv) any substance to the extent not intended for human consumption before such an exemption takes effect with respect to that substance.

(33) The term ''listed chemical'' means any list I chemical or any list II chemical.

(34) The term ''list I chemical'' means a chemical specified by regulation of the Attorney General as a chemical that is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of this subchapter and is important to the manufacture of the controlled substances, and such term includes (until otherwise specified by regulation of the Attorney General, as considered appropriate by the Attorney General or upon petition to the Attorney General by any person) the following:

(A) Anthranilic acid, its esters, and its salts.

(B) Benzyl cyanide.

(C) Ephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of optical isomers.

(D) Ergonovine and its salts.

(E) Ergotamine and its salts.

(F) N-Acetylanthranilic acid, its esters, and its salts.

(G) Norpseudoephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of optical isomers.

(H) Phenylacetic acid, its esters, and its salts.

(I) Phenylpropanolamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of optical isomers.

(J) Piperidine and its salts.

(K) Pseudoephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of optical isomers.

(L) 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone.

(M) Methylamine.

(N) Ethylamine.

(O) Propionic anhydride.

(P) Isosafrole.

(Q) Safrole.

(R) Piperonal.

(S) N-Methylephedrine.

(T) N-methylpseudoephedrine.

(U) Hydriodic acid.

(V) Benzaldehyde.

(W) Nitroethane.

(X) Gamma butyrolactone.

(Y) Any salt, optical isomer, or salt of an optical isomer of the chemicals listed in subparagraphs (M) through (U) of this paragraph.

(35) The term ''list II chemical'' means a chemical (other than a list I chemical) specified by regulation of the Attorney General as a chemical that is used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of this subchapter, and such term includes (until otherwise specified by regulation of the Attorney General, as considered appropriate by the Attorney General or upon petition to the Attorney General by any person) the following chemicals:

(A) Acetic anhydride.

(B) Acetone.

(C) Benzyl chloride.

(D) Ethyl ether.

(E) Repealed. Pub. L. 101-647, title XXIII, Sec. 2301(b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4858.

(F) Potassium permanganate.

(G) 2-Butanone (or Methyl Ethyl Ketone).

(H) Toluene.

(I) Iodine.

(J) Hydrochloric gas.

(36) The term ''regular customer'' means, with respect to a regulated person, a customer with whom the regulated person has an established business relationship that is reported to the Attorney General.

(37) The term ''regular importer'' means, with respect to a listed chemical, a person that has an established record as an importer of that listed chemical that is reported to the Attorney General.

(38) The term ''regulated person'' means a person who manufactures, distributes, imports, or exports a listed chemical, tableting machine, or an encapsulating machine or who acts as a broker or trader for an international transaction involving a listed chemical, a tableting machine, or an encapsulating machine.

(39) The term ''regulated transaction'' means -

(A) a distribution, receipt, sale, importation, or exportation of, or an international transaction involving shipment of, a listed chemical, or if the Attorney General establishes a threshold amount for a specific listed chemical, a threshold amount, including a cumulative threshold amount for multiple transactions (as determined by the Attorney General, in consultation with the chemical industry and taking into consideration the quantities normally used for lawful purposes), of a listed chemical, except that such term does not include

(i) a domestic lawful distribution in the usual course of business between agents or employees of a single regulated person;

(ii) a delivery of a listed chemical to or by a common or contract carrier for carriage in the lawful and usual course of the business of the common or contract carrier, or to or by a warehouseman for storage in the lawful and usual course of the business of the warehouseman, except that if the carriage or storage is in connection with the distribution, importation, or exportation of a listed chemical to a third person, this clause does not relieve a distributor, importer, or exporter from compliance with section 830 of this title;

(iii) any category of transaction or any category of transaction for a specific listed chemical or chemicals specified by regulation of the Attorney General as excluded from this definition as unnecessary for enforcement of this subchapter or subchapter II of this chapter;

(iv) any transaction in a listed chemical that is contained in a drug that may be marketed or distributed lawfully in the United States under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) unless -

(I)(aa) the drug contains ephedrine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers, pseudoephedrine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers, or phenylpropanolamine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers unless otherwise provided by regulation of the Attorney General issued pursuant to section 814(e) of this title, except that any sale of ordinary over-the-counter pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine products by retail distributors shall not be a regulated transaction (except as provided in section 401(d) of the Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996); or

(bb) the Attorney General has determined under section 814 of this title that the drug or group of drugs is being diverted to obtain the listed chemical for use in the illicit production of a controlled substance; and

(II) the quantity of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, or other listed chemical contained in the drug included in the transaction or multiple transactions equals or exceeds the threshold established for that chemical by the Attorney General, except that the threshold for any sale of products containing pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine products by retail distributors or by distributors required to submit reports by section 830(b)(3) of this title shall be 9 grams of pseudoephedrine or 9 grams of phenylpropanolamine in a single transaction and sold in package sizes of not more than 3 grams of pseudoephedrine base or 3 grams of phenylpropanolamine base; or (v) any transaction in a chemical mixture which the Attorney General has by regulation designated as exempt from the application of this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter based on a finding that the mixture is formulated in such a way that it cannot be easily used in the illicit production of a controlled substance and that the listed chemical or chemicals contained in the mixture cannot be readily recovered; and

(B) a distribution, importation, or exportation of a tableting machine or encapsulating machine.

(40) The term ''chemical mixture'' means a combination of two or more chemical substances, at least one of which is not a list I chemical or a list II chemical, except that such term does not include any combination of a list I chemical or a list II chemical with another chemical that is present solely as an impurity.

(41)(A) The term ''anabolic steroid'' means any drug or hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically related to testosterone (other than estrogens, progestins, and corticosteroids) that promotes muscle growth, and includes -

(i) boldenone,

(ii) chlorotestosterone,

(iii) clostebol,

(iv) dehydrochlormethyltestosterone,

(v) dihydrotestosterone,

(vi) drostanolone,

(vii) ethylestrenol,

(viii) fluoxymesterone,

(ix) formebulone,

(x) mesterolone,

(xi) methandienone,

(xii) methandranone,

(xiii) methandriol,

(xiv) methandrostenolone,

(xv) methenolone,

(xvi) methyltestosterone,

(xvii) mibolerone,

(xviii) nandrolone,

(xix) norethandrolone,

(xx) oxandrolone,

(xxi) oxymesterone,

(xxii) oxymetholone,

(xxiii) stanolone,

(xxiv) stanozolol,

(xxv) testolactone,

(xxvi) testosterone,

(xxvii) trenbolone, and

(xxviii) any salt, ester, or isomer of a drug or substance described or listed in this paragraph, if that salt, ester, or isomer promotes muscle growth.

(B)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), such term does not include an anabolic steroid which is expressly intended for administration through implants to cattle or other nonhuman species and which has been approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services for such administration.

(ii) If any person prescribes, dispenses, or distributes such steroid for human use, such person shall be considered to have prescribed, dispensed, or distributed an anabolic steroid within the meaning of subparagraph (A).

(42) The term ''international transaction'' means a transaction involving the shipment of a listed chemical across an international border (other than a United States border) in which a broker or trader located in the United States participates.

(43) The terms ''broker'' and ''trader'' mean a person that assists in arranging an international transaction in a listed chemical by -

(A) negotiating contracts;

(B) serving as an agent or intermediary; or

(C) bringing together a buyer and seller, a buyer and transporter, or a seller and transporter.

(44) The term ''felony drug offense'' means an offense that is punishable by imprisonment for more than one year under any law of the United States or of a State or foreign country that prohibits or restricts conduct relating to narcotic drugs, marihuana, or depressant or stimulant substances.

(45) The term ''ordinary over-the-counter pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine product'' means any product containing pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine that is -

(A) regulated pursuant to this subchapter; and

(B)(i) except for liquids, sold in package sizes of not more than 3.0 grams of pseudoephedrine base or 3.0 grams of phenylpropanolamine base, and that is packaged in blister packs, each blister containing not more than two dosage units, or where the use of blister packs is technically infeasible, that is packaged in unit dose packets or pouches; and (ii) for liquids, sold in package sizes of not more than 3.0 grams of pseudoephedrine base or 3.0 grams of phenylpropanolamine base.

(46)(A) The term ''retail distributor'' means a grocery store, general merchandise store, drug store, or other entity or person whose activities as a distributor relating to pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine products are limited almost exclusively to sales for personal use, both in number of sales and volume of sales, either directly to walk-in customers or in face-to-face transactions by direct sales.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph, sale for personal use means the sale of below-threshold quantities in a single transaction to an individual for legitimate medical use.

(C) For purposes of this paragraph, entities are defined by reference to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code, as follows:

(i) A grocery store is an entity within SIC code 5411.

(ii) A general merchandise store is an entity within SIC codes 5300 through 5399 and 5499.

(iii) A drug store is an entity within SIC code 5912.

-SOURCE-

(Pub. L. 91-513, title II, Sec. 102, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242; Pub. L. 93-281, Sec. 2, May 14, 1974, 88 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 95-633, title I, Sec. 102(b), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3772; Pub. L. 96-88, title V, Sec. 509(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 96-132, Sec. 16(a), Nov. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 1049; Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 507(a), (b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2071; Pub. L. 98-509, title III, Sec. 301(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2364; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 99-570, title I, Sec. 1003(b), 1203, 1870, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-6, 3207-13, 3207-56; Pub. L. 99-646, Sec. 83, Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3619; Pub. L. 100-690, title VI, Sec. 6054, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4316; Pub. L. 101-647, title XIX, Sec. 1902(b), title XXIII, Sec. 2301, title XXXV, Sec. 3599I, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4852, 4858, 4932; Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a), 7-9(a), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2333, 2340; Pub. L. 103-322, title IX, Sec. 90105(d), title XXXIII, Sec. 330024(a), (b), (d)(1), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1988, 2150; Pub. L. 104-237, title II, Sec. 204(a), 209, title IV, Sec. 401(a), (b), Oct. 3, 1996, 110 Stat. 3102, 3104, 3106, 3107; Pub. L. 104-294, title VI, Sec. 604(b)(4), 607(j), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3506, 3512; Pub. L. 105-115, title I, Sec. 126(c)(3), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2328; Pub. L. 106-172, Sec. 3(c), 5(a), Feb. 18, 2000, 114 Stat. 9, 10; Pub. L. 106-310, div. B, title XXXVI, Sec. 3622(a), Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1231.)

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REFERENCES IN TEXT

This subchapter, referred to in introductory provisions and in par. (39)(A)(iii), (v), was in the original ''this title'', meaning title II of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, as amended, and is popularly known as the ''Controlled Substances Act''. For complete classification of title II to the Code, see second paragraph of Short Title note set out under section 801 of this title and Tables. Schedules I, II, III, IV, and V, referred to in pars. (6), (14), and (32)(A), are set out in section 812(c) of this title. Subchapter II of this chapter, referred to in par. (39)(A)(iii), (v), was in the original ''title III'', meaning title III of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1285. Part A of title III comprises subchapter II of this chapter. For classification of Part B, consisting of sections 1101 to 1105 of title III, see Tables.

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in par. (39)(A)(iv), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (Sec. 301 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of this title and Tables.

Section 401(d) of the Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996, referred to in par. (39)(A)(iv)(I)(aa), is section 401(d) of Pub. L. 104-237, which is set out below.

-MISC2-

AMENDMENTS

2000 - Par. (32)(A).

Pub. L. 106-172, Sec. 5(a)(1), substituted ''subparagraph (C)'' for ''subparagraph (B)'' in introductory provisions.

Par. (32)(B), (C).

Pub. L. 106-172, Sec. 5(a)(2), (3), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar.

(B) as (C). Par. (34)(X), (Y).

Pub. L. 106-172, Sec. 3(c), added subpar. (X) and redesignated former subpar. (X) as (Y).

Par. (39)(A)(iv)(II). Pub. L. 106-310 substituted ''9 grams'' for ''24 grams'' in two places and inserted before semicolon at end ''and sold in package sizes of not more than 3 grams of pseudoephedrine base or 3 grams of phenylpropanolamine base''.

1997 - Par. (9)(A). Pub. L. 105-115 redesignated cl. (i) as subpar. (A) and struck out cl. (ii) which read as follows: ''any derivative of barbituric acid which has been designated by the Secretary as habit forming under section 352(d) of this title; or''.

1996 - Par. (26). Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 607(j)(1), amended par.

(26) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (26) read as follows: ''The term 'State' means any State, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Canal Zone.''

Par. (34)(P), (S), (U). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 209(1), substituted ''Isosafrole'' for ''Insosafrole'' in subpar. (P), ''N-Methylephedrine'' for ''N-Methylepherdrine'' in subpar. (S), and ''Hydriodic acid'' for ''Hydriotic acid'' in subpar. (U).

Par. (35)(G). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 209(2), amended subpar. (G) generally, inserting ''(or Methyl Ethyl Ketone)'' before period at end.

Par. (35)(I), (J). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 204(a), added subpars. (I) and (J).

Par. (39)(A)(iv)(I)(aa). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 401(a)(1), (b)(1), substituted '', pseudoephedrine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers, or phenylpropanolamine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers unless otherwise provided by regulation of the Attorney General issued pursuant to section 814(e) of this title, except that any sale of ordinary over-the-counter pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine products by retail distributors shall not be a regulated transaction (except as provided in section 401(d) of the Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996);'' for ''as the only active medicinal ingredient or contains ephedrine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers and therapeutically insignificant quantities of another active medicinal ingredient;''.

Par. (39)(A)(iv)(II). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 401(a)(2), (b)(2), inserted '', pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine,'' after ''ephedrine'' and inserted before semicolon '', except that the threshold for any sale of products containing pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine products by retail distributors or by distributors required to submit reports by section 830(b)(3) of this title shall be 24 grams of pseudoephedrine or 24 grams of phenylpropanolamine in a single transaction''.

Pars. (43), (44). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 401(b)(3), and Pub. L. 104-294, Sec. 604(b)(4), 607(j)(2), amended section identically, redesignating par. (43), relating to felony drug offense, as (44).

Pars. (45), (46). Pub. L. 104-237, Sec. 401(b)(4), added pars.(45) and (46). 1994 - Par. (34)(V), (W). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330024(b), realigned margins and capitalized first letter.

Par. (35). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330024(d)(1), made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(4)(B). See 1993 Amendment note below.

Par. (39)(A)(iv)(II). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330024(a), substituted ''; or'' for period at end.

Par. (43). Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 90105(d), added par. (43) defining ''felony drug offense''. 1993 - Par. (33). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(1), substituted ''any list I chemical or any list II chemical'' for ''any listed precursor chemical or listed essential chemical''.

Par. (34). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(2), substituted ''list I chemical'' for ''listed precursor chemical'' and ''important to the manufacture'' for ''critical to the creation'' in introductory provisions.

Par. (34)(A), (F), (H). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(3), inserted '', its esters,'' before ''and''.

Par. (34)(O). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(1), (2), redesignated subpar. (P) as (O) and struck out former subpar. (O) which read as follows: ''D-lysergic acid.''

Par. (34)(P) to (S). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(2), redesignated subpars. (Q) to (T) as (P) to (S), respectively. Former subpar. (P) redesignated (O).

Par. (34)(T). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(2), redesignated subpar. (V) as (T). Former subpar. (T) redesignated (S).

Par. (34)(U). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(1), (2), redesignated subpar. (X) as (U) and struck out former subpar. (U) which read as follows: ''N-ethylephedrine.''

Par. (34)(V). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(2), (4), added subpar. (V) and redesignated former subpar. (V) as (T).

Par. (34)(W). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(1), (4), added subpar. (W) and struck out former subpar. (W) which read as follows: ''N-ethylpseudoephedrine.''

Par. (34)(X). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(2), (3), redesignated subpar. (Y) as (X) and substituted ''through (U)'' for ''through (X)''.

Par. (34)(Y). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 8(2), redesignated subpar. (Y) as (X).

Par. (35). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(4)(A), (C), substituted ''list II chemical'' for ''listed essential chemical'' and struck out ''as a solvent, reagent, or catalyst'' before ''in manufacturing''.

Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(4)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 103-322, Sec. 330024(d)(1), inserted ''(other than a list I chemical)'' before ''specified'' the first time appearing.

Par. (37). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 9(a), amended par. (37) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (37) read as follows: ''The term 'regular supplier' means, with respect to a regulated person, a supplier with whom the regulated person has an established business relationship that is reported to the Attorney General.''

Par. (38). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(5), inserted before period at end ''or who acts as a broker or trader for an international transaction involving a listed chemical, a tableting machine, or an encapsulating machine''.

Par. (39)(A). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(6)(A), 7, in introductory provisions, substituted ''importation, or exportation of, or an international transaction involving shipment of,'' for ''importation or exportation of'' and inserted ''a listed chemical, or if the Attorney General establishes a threshold amount for a specific listed chemical,'' before ''a threshold amount,''.

Par. (39)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(6)(B), inserted ''or any category of transaction for a specific listed chemical or chemicals'' after ''transaction''.

Par. (39)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(6)(C), amended cl. (iv) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iv) read as follows: ''any transaction in a listed chemical that is contained in a drug that may be marketed or distributed lawfully in the nited States under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; or''.

Par. (39)(A)(v). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(6)(D), inserted before semicolon at end ''which the Attorney General has by regulation designated as exempt from the application of this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter based on a finding that the mixture is formulated in such a way that it cannot be easily used in the illicit production of a controlled substance and that the listed chemical or chemicals contained in the mixture cannot be readily recovered''.

Par. (40). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(7), substituted ''list I chemical or a list II chemical'' for ''listed precursor chemical or a listed essential chemical'' in two places.

Pars. (42), (43). Pub. L. 103-200, Sec. 2(a)(8), added pars. (42) and (43). 1990 - Par. (32)(A). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 3599I, substituted ''the stimulant'' for ''the stimulent'' in cl. (ii) and ''a stimulant'' for ''a stimulent'' in cl. (iii).

Par. (34)(M) to (Y). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2301(a), added subpars. (M) to (Y).

Par. (35)(E). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 2301(b), struck out subpar. (E) ''Hydriodic acid.''

Par. (41). Pub. L. 101-647, Sec. 1902(b), added par. (41). 1988 - Par. (8). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6054(1), inserted ''or a listed chemical'' after ''a controlled substance''.

Par. (11). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6054(2), inserted ''or a listed chemical'' after ''a controlled substance'' in two places.

Pars. (33) to (40). Pub. L. 100-690, Sec. 6054(3), added pars. (33) to (40). 1986 - Par. (6). Pub. L. 99-514 substituted ''Internal Revenue Code of 1986'' for ''Internal Revenue Code of 1954''.

Par. (14). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1870, and Pub. L. 99-646 amended par. (14) identically, substituting ''any optical'' for ''the optical'' in second and third sentences.

Par. (25). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1003(b)(1), added par. (25). Former par. (25) redesignated (26).

Pars. (26) to (31). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1003(b)(2), redesignated pars. (25) to (30) as (26) to (31), respectively.

Par. (32). Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1203, added par. (32). 1984 - Pars. (14) to (16). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 507(a), added par. (14) and redesignated former pars. (14) to (16) as (15) to (17), respectively.

Par. (17). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 507, redesignated former par. (16) as (17), and expanded and revised definition of ''narcotic drug'', including within term poppy straw, cocaine, and ecgonine. Former par. (17) redesignated (18).

Pars. (18) to (28). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 507(a), redesignated former pars. (17) to (27) as (18) to (28), respectively.

Par. (29). Pub. L. 98-509 which directed the substitution of ''one hundred and eighty'' for ''twenty-one'' in par. (28), was executed to par. (29) in view of the redesignation of par. (28) as par. (29) by Pub. L. 98-473.

Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 507(a), redesignated former par. (28) as (29). Former par. (29) redesignated (30).

Par. (30). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 507(a), redesignated former par. (29) as (30). 1979 - Par. (4). Pub. L. 96-132 substituted provisions defining ''Drug Enforcement Administration'' for provisions defining ''Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs''. 1978 - Par. (29). Pub. L. 95-633 added par. (29). 1974 - Pars. (27), (28). Pub. L. 93-281 added pars. (27) and (28).

-CHANGE-

CHANGE OF NAME

''Secretary of Health and Human Services'' substituted for ''Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare'' in par. (24) pursuant to section 509(b) of Pub. L. 96-88, which is classified to section 3508(b) of Title 20, Education.

-MISC4-

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT

Pub. L. 106-310, div. B, title XXXVI, Sec. 3622(b), Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1231, provided that: ''The amendments made by subsection (a) (amending this section) shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act (Oct. 17, 2000).''

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 105-115 effective 90 days after Nov. 21, 1997, except as otherwise provided, see section 501 of Pub. L. 105-115, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENTS

Amendment by section 604(b)(4) of Pub. L. 104-294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a note under section 13 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 401(g) of Pub. L. 104-237 provided that: ''Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act (see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104-237, set out as a Short Title of 1996 Amendments note under section 801 of this title), this section (amending this section and section 814 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note below) shall not apply to the sale of any pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine product prior to 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act (Oct. 3, 1996), except that, on application of a manufacturer of a particular pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine drug product, the Attorney General may, in her sole discretion, extend such effective date up to an additional six months. Notwithstanding any ther provision of law, the decision of the Attorney General on such an application shall not be subject to judicial review.''

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT

Section 330024(f) of Pub. L. 103-322 provided that: ''The amendments made by this section (amending this section and sections 824, 960, and 971 of this title) shall take effect as of the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act of 1993 (Dec. 17, 1993).''

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT

Section 11 of Pub. L. 103-200 provided that: ''This Act (enacting section 814 of this title, amending this section and sections 821 to 824, 830, 843, 880, 957, 958, 960, and 971 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 801 of this title) and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act (Dec. 17, 1993).''

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT

Section 1902(d) of Pub. L. 101-647 provided that: ''This section (amending this section and section 812 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 829 of this title) and the amendment made by this section shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act (Nov. 29, 1990).''

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT

Section 6061 of title VI of Pub. L. 100-690 provided that: ''Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, this subtitle (subtitle A (Sec. 6051-6061) of title VI of Pub. L. 100-690, enacting section 971 of this title, amending this section and sections 830, 841 to 843, 872, 876, 881, 960, and 961 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 971 of this title) shall take effect 120 days after the enactment of this Act (Nov. 18, 1988).''

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 95-633 effective on date the Convention on Psychotropic Substances enters into force in the United States (July 15, 1980), see section 112 of Pub. L. 95-633, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801a of this title.

REGULATIONS

Section 301(b) of Pub. L. 98-509 provided that: ''The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall, within ninety days of the date of the enactment of this Act (Oct. 19, 1984), promulgate regulations for the administration of section 102(28) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(29)) as amended by subsection (a) and shall include in the first report submitted under section 505(b) (503(b)) of the Public Health Service Act (former 42 U.S.C. 290aa-2(b)) after the expiration of such ninety days the findings of the Secretary with respect to the effect of the amendment made by subsection (a).''

REPORT ON DIVERSION OF ORDINARY, OVER-THE-COUNTER PSEUDOEPHEDRINE AND PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE PRODUCTS

Pub. L. 106-310, div. B, title XXXVI, Sec. 3642, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1237, provided that:

''(a) Study. - The Attorney General shall conduct a study of the use of ordinary, over-the-counter pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine products in the clandestine production of illicit drugs. Sources of data for the study shall include the following:

''(1) Information from Federal, State, and local clandestine laboratory seizures and related investigations identifying the source, type, or brand of drug products being utilized and how they were obtained for the illicit production of methamphetamine and amphetamine.

''(2) Information submitted voluntarily from the pharmaceutical and retail industries involved in the manufacture, distribution, and sale of drug products containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine, including information on changes in the pattern, volume, or both, of sales of ordinary, over-the-counter pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine products.

''(b) Report. -

''(1) Requirement. - Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act (Oct. 17, 2000), the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on the study conducted under subsection (a).

''(2) Elements. - The report shall include -

''(A) the findings of the Attorney General as a result of the study; and

''(B) such recommendations on the need to establish additional measures to prevent diversion of ordinary, over-the-counter pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (such as a threshold on ordinary, over-the-counter pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine products) as the Attorney General considers appropriate.

''(3) Matters considered. - In preparing the report, the Attorney General shall consider the comments and recommendations including the comments on the Attorney General's proposed findings and recommendations, of State and local law enforcement and regulatory officials and of representatives of the industry described in subsection (a)(2).

''(c) Regulation of Retail Sales. -

''(1) In general. - Notwithstanding section 401(d) of the Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-237) (21 U.S.C. 802 note) and subject to paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall establish by regulation a single-transaction limit of not less than 24 grams of ordinary, over-the-counter pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine (as the case may be) for retail distributors, if the Attorney General finds, in the report under subsection (b), that -

''(A) there is a significant number of instances (as set forth in paragraph (3)(A) of such section 401(d) for purposes of such section) where ordinary, over-the-counter pseudoephedrine products, phenylpropanolamine products, or both such products that were purchased from retail distributors were widely used in the clandestine production of illicit drugs; and

''(B) the best practical method of preventing such use is the establishment of single-transaction limits for retail distributors of either or both of such products.

''(2) Due process. - The Attorney General shall establish the single-transaction limit under paragraph (1) only after notice, comment, and an informal hearing.''

REGULATION OF RETAIL SALES OF CERTAIN PRECURSOR CHEMICALS; EFFECT
ON THRESHOLDS; COMBINATION EPHEDRINE PRODUCTS

Section 401(d)-(f) of Pub. L. 104-237 provided that:

''(d) Regulation of Retail Sales. -

''(1) Pseudoephedrine. -

''(A) Limit. -

''(i) In general. - Not sooner than the effective date of this section (see Effective Date of 1996 Amendments note above) and subject to the requirements of clause (ii), the Attorney General may establish by regulation a single-transaction limit of 24 grams of pseudoephedrine base for retail distributors. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the single-transaction threshold quantity for pseudoephedrine-containing compounds may not be lowered beyond that established in this paragraph.

''(ii) Conditions. - In order to establish a single-transaction limit of 24 grams of pseudoephedrine base, the Attorney General shall establish, following notice, comment, and an informal hearing that since the date of enactment of this Act (Oct. 3, 1996) there are a significant number of instances where ordinary over-the-counter pseudoephedrine products as established in paragraph (45) of section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(45)), as added by this Act, sold by retail distributors as established in paragraph (46) in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(46)), are being widely used as a significant source of precursor chemicals for illegal manufacture of a controlled substance for distribution or sale.

''(B) Violation. - Any individual or business that violates the thresholds established in this paragraph shall, with respect to the first such violation, receive a warning letter from the Attorney General and, if a business, the business shall be required to conduct mandatory education of the sales employees of the firm with regard to the legal sales of pseudoephedrine. For a second violation occurring within 2 years of the first violation, the business or individual shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000. For any subsequent violation occurring within 2 years of the previous violation, the business or individual shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed the amount of the previous civil penalty plus $5,000.

''(2) Phenylpropanolamine. -

''(A) Limit. -

''(i) In general. - Not sooner than the effective date of this section and subject to the requirements of clause (ii), the Attorney General may establish by regulation a single-transaction limit of 24 grams of phenylpropanolamine base for retail distributors. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the single-transaction threshold quantity for phenylpropanolamine-containing compounds may not be lowered beyond that established in this paragraph.

''(ii) Conditions. - In order to establish a single-transaction limit of 24 grams of phenylpropanolamine base, the Attorney General shall establish, following notice, comment, and an informal hearing, that since the date of enactment of this Act there are a significant number of instances where ordinary over-the-counter phenylpropanolamine products as established in paragraph (45) of section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(45)), as added by this Act, sold by retail distributors as established in paragraph (46) in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(46)), are being used as a significant source of precursor chemicals for illegal manufacture of a controlled substance in bulk.

''(B) Violation. - Any individual or business that violates the thresholds established in this paragraph shall, with respect to the first such violation, receive a warning letter from the Attorney General and, if a business, the business shall be required to conduct mandatory education of the sales employees of the firm with regard to the legal sales of pseudoephedrine. For a second violation occurring within 2 years of the first violation, the business or individual shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000. For any subsequent violation occurring within 2 years of the previous violation, the business or individual shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed the amount of the previous civil penalty plus $5,000.

''(3) Significant number of instances. -

''(A) In general. - For purposes of this subsection, isolated or infrequent use, or use in insubstantial quantities, of ordinary over-the-counter pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine, as defined in section 102(45) of the Controlled Substances Act, as added by section 401(b) of this Act, and sold at the retail level for the illicit manufacture of methamphetamine or amphetamine may not be used by the Attorney General as the basis for establishing the conditions under paragraph (1)(A)(ii) of this subsection, with respect to pseudoephedrine, and paragraph (2)(A)(ii) of this subsection, with respect to phenylpropanolamine.

''(B) Considerations and report. - The Attorney General shall -

''(i) in establishing a finding under paragraph (1)(A)(ii) or (2)(A)(ii) of this subsection, consult with the Secretary of Health and Human Services in order to consider the effects on public health that would occur from the establishment of new single transaction limits as provided in such paragraph; and

''(ii) upon establishing a finding, transmit a report to the Committees on the Judiciary in both, respectively, the House of Representatives and the Senate in which the Attorney General will provide the factual basis for establishing the new single transaction limits.

''(4) Definition of business. - For purposes of this subsection, the term 'business' means the entity that makes the direct sale and does not include the parent company of a business not involved in a direct sale regulated by this subsection.

''(5) Judicial review. - Any regulation promulgated by the Attorney General under this section shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to section 507 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 877).

''(e) Effect on Thresholds. - Nothing in the amendments made by subsection (b) (amending this section) or the provisions of subsection (d) shall affect the authority of the Attorney General to modify thresholds (including cumulative thresholds) for retail distributors for products other than ordinary over-the-counter pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine products (as defined in section 102(45) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(45)), as added by this section) or for non-retail distributors, importers, or exporters.

''(f) Combination Ephedrine Products. -

''(1) In general. - For the purposes of this section, combination ephedrine products shall be treated the same as pseudoephedrine products, except that -

''(A) a single transaction limit of 24 grams shall be effective as of the date of enactment of this Act (Oct. 3, 1996) and shall apply to sales of all combination ephedrine products, notwithstanding the form in which those products are packaged, made by retail distributors or distributors required to submit a report under section 310(b)(3) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830(b)(3)) (as added by section 402 of this Act);

''(B) for regulated transactions for combination ephedrine products other than sales described in subparagraph (A), the transaction limit shall be -

''(i) 1 kilogram of ephedrine base, effective on the date of enactment of this Act; or ''(ii) a threshold other than the threshold described in clause (i), if established by the Attorney General not earlier than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act; and

''(C) the penalties provided in subsection (d)(1)(B) of this section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act for any individual or business that violates the single transaction limit of 24 grams for combination ephedrine products.

''(2) Definition. - For the purposes of this section, the term 'combination ephedrine product' means a drug product containing ephedrine or its salts, optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers and therapeutically significant quantities of another active medicinal ingredient.''

EXEMPTION FOR SUBSTANCES IN PARAGRAPH (41)

Section 1903 of Pub. L. 101-647 provided that:

''(a) Abuse Potential. - The Attorney General, upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Health and Human Services, may, by regulation, exempt any compound, mixture, or preparation containing a substance in paragraph (41) of section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(41)) (as added by section 2 (1902) of this Act) from the application of all or any part of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) if, because of its concentration, preparation, mixture or delivery system, it has no significant potential for abuse.

''(b) Drugs for Treatment of Rare Diseases. - If the Attorney General finds that a drug listed in paragraph (41) of section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (as added by section 2 (1902) of this Act) is -

''(1) approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an accepted treatment for a rare disease or condition, as defined in section 526 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bb); and ''(2) does not have a significant potential for abuse, the Attorney General may exempt such drug from any production regulations otherwise issued under the Controlled Substances Act as may be necessary to ensure adequate supplies of such drug for medical purposes.

''(c) Date of Issuance of Regulations. - The Attorney General shall issue regulations implementing this section not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act (Nov. 29, 1990), except that the regulations required under section 3(a) (1903(a)) shall be issued not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.''

-SECREF-

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in sections 814, 822, 823, 830, 862a, 889, 951, 956, 957, 958, 967, 1115, 1701, 1907 of this title; title 7 sections 2015, 2021; title 8 sections 1101, 1182, 1227; title 10 section 986; title 16 section 559b; title 18 sections 175b, 342, 521, 842, 922, 924, 1791, 1952, 1961, 2118, 3142, 3563, 3592; title 19 sections 1401, 1584, 1607; title 20 section 1091; title 22 sections 2291, 2708, 2714; title 23 section 410; title 25 section 4103; title 29 sections 1111, 1854, 2892; title 42 sections 201, 1437a, 1437d, 1437f, 1786, 2000e-2, 2473c, 3411, 3602, 3607, 5667, 5667a, 9601, 9919, 11851, 11905, 11924, 12602; title 46 section 2101; title 46 App. section 1903; title 48 sections 1902, 1903; title 49 sections 5331, 20140, 30301, 31102, 31301, 31306, 44106, 44111, 44703, 44710, 44713, 45101, 46306, 80302; title 50 section 404i.

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