ubstance abuse is a major public health problem that puts millions of adolescents at increased risk for alcohol-related and drug-related traffic accidents, risky sexual practices, poor academic performance, juvenile delinquency, and developmental problems. Although several national surveys indicate that teen use of most illicit drugs has held steady during the past few years, adolescent drug abuse remains alarmingly high. Moreover, use of the dangerous club drug MDMA (Ecstasy) appears to be increasing among older teens. Below are important facts to know about substance abuse, addiction, treatment, and recovery among adolescents. Substance Abuse and Adolescents
Addiction as a Medical Disorder
Consequences of Adolescent Substance Abuse Adolescents face unique risks associated with substance abuse. The use of substances may compromise an adolescent’s mental and emotional development by interfering with how young people approach and experience interactions.12 In addition, adolescents are at serious risk for a number of direct and indirect consequences, including the following:
Signs and Symptoms of Substance Abuse People who interact with adolescents in the home or community need to be alert to changes in an adolescent’s behavior and appearance that may signal substance abuse. By recognizing the potential warning signs and symptoms of substance use, you may be able to get help for a teenager in need of treatment. The following behavior changes, when extreme or lasting for more than a few days, may indicate alcohol-related or drug-related problems and the need for further screening by a professional.
Screening and Assessment of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Treatment of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Special Considerations for Adolescent Treatment Treating adolescents for substance abuse requires special consideration of the adolescent’s individual experience and how it affects the nature and severity of his or her alcohol or drug use. Understanding the adolescent’s situation will help explain why alcohol or drugs are used and how they became an integral part of his or her identity. Factors that need to be considered when tailoring treatment for adolescents include the following:
Identification of Community Resources There are a number of ways to find out about substance abuse treatment programs in your area. Contact these sources of referral information.
Ways to Support Adolescents in Treatment and Recovery Adolescents who are in treatment or recovery need all the support they can get from their families and communities. Consider taking one or more of the following actions to support youth undergoing treatment for and recovery from substance abuse.
Sources 1 Summary of Findings from the 1998 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3328. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 2 Monitoring the Future. 1999 Data from In-School Surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders. Table 1a: Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders, 1991-1999. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1999. URL: www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/99data.html#1999data-drugs (Accessed December 20, 1999.) 3 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Releases New Findings on Inhalant Abuse (Press Release), September 30, 1999. 4 Monitoring the Future. 1999 Data from In-School Surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders. Table 8: Trends in Disapproval of Drug Use by 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders, 1991-1999. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1999. URL: www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/99data.html#1999data-drugs (Accessed December 20, 1999.) 5 Partnership for a Drug-Free America (PDFA). 1999 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study. New York, NY: PDFA, 1999. 6 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Back to School—National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse V: Teens and Their Parents. New York, NY: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 1999. 7 Monitoring the Future. 1999 Data from In-School Surveys of 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders. Table 10: Trends in Perceived Availability of Drugs for 8th, 10th, and 12th Graders, 1991-1999. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1999. URL: www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/99data.html#1999data-drugs (Accessed December 20, 1999.) 8 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. "The Science of Addiction: Simplified," Substance Abuse in Brief. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, July 1999. 9 Anthenelli, R.M., Schuckit, M.A. Genetic Studies of Alcoholism. International Journal of Addiction, 25:81-94, 1990. 10 Merkiangas, K.R., Stolar, M., Stevens, D.E., et al. Familial Transmission of Substance Use Disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55:973-979, 1998. 11 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide. NIH Publication No. 99-4180. Rockville, MD: NIDA, National Institutes of Health, October 1999. 12 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment of Adolescents With Substance Abuse Problems. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 32. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3283. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 13 Crowe, A.H. Drug Identification and Testing in the Juvenile Justice System: Summary. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, 1998. 14 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Dangerous Liaisons: Substance Abuse and Sex. New York, NY: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 1999. 15 Greenblatt, J.C. Adolescent Self-Reported Behaviors and Their Association with Marijuana Use. In: Analyses of Substance Abuse and Treatment Need Issues. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 16 Synder, H.N., Sickmund, M. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. Washington, DC: National Center for Juvenile Justice, 1999. 17 Zhang, Z.F., Morgenstern, H., Spitz, M.R., et al. Marijuana Use and Increased Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention 8(12):1071-1078, December 1999. 18 Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Tips for Teens About Marijuana. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998. 19 Grant, B.F., Dawson, D.A. Age at Onset of Alcohol Use and its Association with DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse 9:103-110, 1997. 20 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 31. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3282. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 21 Office of Applied Studies. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services: The Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 1992-1997. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 22 Minnesota Department of Human Services. Estimate of the Need for Alcohol/Drug-Related Services for Adolescents in Minnesota: Implications for Managed Care Organizations and Health Care Providers. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Department of Human Services, Performance Measurement and Quality Improvement Division, 1997. 23 Hser, Y-I., Grella, C., Hsieh, S-C., Anglin, M.D. National Evaluation of Drug Treatment for Adolescents. Presented at the College on Problems of Drug Dependence Annual Meeting, June 1999. URL: http://www.datos.org/posters/CPDD_99_Hser/index.htm (Accessed December 21, 1999.) 24 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Coexisting Mental Illness and Alcohol and Other Drug Use. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 9. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 95-3061. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995. 25 Winters, K.C. Treating Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders: An Overview of Practice Issues and Treatment Outcome. Substance Abuse 20(4):203-225, 1999. |
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eople in the United States can gain access to substance abuse treatment in a wide variety of ways, such as private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and other public sector health programs. However, meeting the complex health and social needs of young people with substance abuse problems still presents a formidable challenge for policymakers and health insurers. While adolescents with substance abuse problems require a diverse range of special services, there is a dramatic shortage of appropriate treatment models for adolescents. Most treatment programs simply adapt adult models to adolescent needs, which often results in inappropriate care. Consider these facts:
Getting Involved—Next Steps Policy makers and health insurers can play an important role in ensuring that managed care not only reduces costs and increases access, but also promotes high-quality care that meets the unique needs of each person. For adolescents with substance abuse problems and their families, "high-quality" care should be defined as ensuring that adolescents and families receive the full range of services and support they need for as long as they need them. Here are some steps you can take to make this vision a reality:
Additional Resources for Health Policymakers and Insurers American Managed Behavioral Healthcare Association American Public Health Association Families USA Join Together National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors National Committee for Quality Assurance National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. National Health Law Program National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute on Drug Abuse National Mental Health Association Open Minds Physician Leadership for National Drug Policy Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Sources 1 Institute of Medicine. Managing Managed Care: Quality Improvement in Behavioral Health, Committee on Quality Assurance and Accreditation Guidelines for Managed Behavioral Health Care, 1997. 2 Minugh, P.A., Cotter, F., Jackson, J. Treatment Improvement Exchange Communiqué. Quality Services for Adolescents with Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Needs: A Brief Review. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Fall 1999. 3 Stroul B.A., Pires, S.A., Armstrong, M.I. Health Care Reform Tracking Project: Tracking State Managed Care Reforms As They Affect Children and Adolescents With Behavioral Health Disorders and Their Families—1997 Impact Analysis. Tampa, FL: Research and Training Center for Children’s Mental Health, Department of Child and Family Studies, Division of State and Local Support, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, 1998. 4 Croze, C. Managed Behavioral Healthcare Updates. Integration: How Do We Make It Work? Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, August 1999. |
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ecause health care providers are charged with the important responsibility of safeguarding the health and well-being of adolescents and their families, they can play a pivotal role in recognizing and getting care for young patients who develop an alcohol-related or drug-related health or behavioral problem. Identifying and getting help for these young people is important for many reasons.
Getting Involved—Next Steps Health care providers—such as pediatricians, psychologists, social workers, school nurses and counselors, and emergency room physicians—can help adolescents get the help they need by establishing rapport with their patients, creating opportunities to discuss the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and recognizing and acting on the signs of substance abuse. Here are some steps that health care providers, especially those engaged in direct patient care, can take to help adolescents deal with substance abuse problems.
Additional Resources for Health Professionals Who Serve Adolescents American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry American Academy of Pediatrics American Medical Association American Psychiatric Association American Psychological Association American Society of Addiction Medicine National Adolescent Health Information Center National Association for Children of Alcoholics National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors National Association of School Psychologists National Association of Social Workers National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. National Institute on Drug Abuse National Mental Health Association Physician Leadership on National Drug Policy Society for Adolescent Medicine Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Sources 1 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No 31. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3282. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 2 Summary Findings from the 1998 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3328. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 3 Year-End 1998 Emergency Department Data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network. Rockville, MD: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, December 1999. (Accessed February 4, 2000.) 4 Klamen, D.L. Education and Training In Addictive Diseases. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 22(2):471-480, 1999. 5 Saltz, R., Mulvey, K.P., Plough, A., Samet, J.H. Physician Unawareness of Serious Substance Abuse. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 23(3):343-354, 1997. 6 American Academy of Pediatrics. Periodic Survey of Fellows: Pediatricians, Patients, and Substance Abuse. 1996. URL: http://www.aap.org/research/PS6A.htm (Accessed December 16, 1999.) 7 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. A Guide to Substance Abuse Services for Primary Care Physicians. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 24. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 97-3139. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1997. 8 Adger, Jr. H.A., MacDonald, D.I., Wenger, S. Core Competencies for Involvement of Health Care Providers in the Care of Children in Families Affected by Substance Abuse. Pediatrics, Supplement 103;(5 Pt 2):1083-1084, May 1999. 9 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment of Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 32. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3283. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. |
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s the "home away from home" for many students, schools can play an important role in identifying youth with substance abuse problems and helping them find the treatment and support they need. Consider these facts:
Getting Involved—Next Steps Schools offer unique opportunities to identify young people with substance abuse problems. Schools can also take an active role in referring students to treatment and supporting their recovery. Here are some tips on what schools can do to address substance abuse problems.
Additional Resources for Schools and the Education Community American Council for Drug Education Drug Enforcement Administration Join Together National Association of School Psychologists National Association for Children of Alcoholics National Association for Student Assistance Professionals National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute on Drug Abuse National Peer Helping Association Students Against Destructive Decisions National Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Girl Power!* Campaign Headquarters * Girl Power! is a national public education campaign sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services with leadership from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, the Office on Women’s Health, and the Office of the Secretary. National PTA Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Project U.S. Department of Education Sources 1 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Back to School 1999—National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse V: Teens and Their Parents. New York, NY: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 1999. 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 47(31), 1998. 3 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, National Survey of Teens, Teachers and Principals. New York, NY: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 1999. 4 Schonberg, S.K., ed. Substance Abuse: A Guide for Health Professionals. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1988. 5 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Marijuana (InfoFax fact sheet). Rockville, MD: NIDA, National Institutes of Health, 1999. |
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clear link exists between substance abuse and juvenile delinquency as well as between substance abuse and the need for child protective services. Crime related to substance abuse is a public health crisis. The juvenile justice and family court systems can help apply public health solutions to these problems by promoting the early recognition and treatment of substance abuse. Developing processes to detect substance abuse problems is a key action the juvenile justice system can take to enhance rehabilitation of young people and decrease the likelihood of continued delinquent or criminal behavior. The juvenile justice system also can join forces with communities to ensure that juvenile offenders receive effective treatment for their substance abuse problems. Here are some of the facts about adolescent substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, and the juvenile justice system:
Getting Involved—Next Steps Juvenile justice professionals—such as judges, juvenile court services staff, and probation and parole officers—can be important partners in ensuring that adolescents in the juvenile justice system get the treatment they need for substance abuse problems and related problems. Here are some steps that can be taken within the juvenile justice system.
Additional Resources for the Juvenile Justice and Family Court Systems American Bar Association American Probation and Parole Association Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice The GAINS Center Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges National Criminal Justice Reference Service National Institute of Justice National Institute on Drug Abuse National Mental Health Association National Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) National Youth Court Center Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs Sources 1 Huizinga, D., Loeber, R., Thornberry, T.P. Urban Delinquency and Substance Abuse: Initial Findings. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, 1994. 2 Synder, H.N. "Juvenile Arrests 1998," Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, December 1999. 3 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM). 19982091 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Adult and Juvenile Arrestees. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, April 1999. 4 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Irnprovement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 31. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3282. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 5 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Combining Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment With Diversion for Juveniles in the Justice System. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 21. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 95-3051. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995. 6 Physician Leadership on National Drug Policy (PLNDP). New Studies Find Drug Courts and Drug Treatment of Prisoners, Parolees, and Teens Cut Crime and Drug Use (news release). Providence, Rl: PLNDP, November 1998. 7 Powers, K., Hser, Y-I.; Grella, C., Anglin, M.D. Differential Assessment of Treatment Effectiveness on Property Crime and Drug Dealing Among Adolescents. Presented at the College on Problems of Drug Dependence Annual Meeting, June 1999. URL: http://www.datos.org/posters/CPDD_99_Powers/index.htm (Accessed December 21, 1999.) 8 Synder, H.N. and Sickmund, M. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. National Center for Juvenile Justice, 1999. 9 Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Making Prevention Work: Actions for Juvenile Justice and Child Welfare (fact sheet). Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995. URL: http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/pubs/mpw-fact/mpw020.htm (Accessed December 20, 1999.) 10 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment of Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 32. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3283. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 11 Bilchik, S. Mental Health Disorders and Substance Abuse Problems Among Juveniles (fact sheet). Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, July 1998. 12 Office of Justice Programs Drug Court Clearinghouse and Technical Assistance Project. Juvenile and Family Drug Courts: An Overview. Washington, DC: Drug Courts Program Office, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, June 1998. |
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ncreasing numbers of adolescents are entering the workplace. In fact, the number of workers age 16 to 19 is projected to approach 9 million by 2006.1 These adolescents will form a significant portion of the labor pool from which businesses will draw during the coming decade. Therefore, efforts within the workplace to identify and get help for young people who have substance abuse problems are a vital contribution to ensuring the health and productivity of this future labor pool. Here are some facts:
Getting Involved—Next Steps
Additional Resources for the Workplace Employee Assistance Professionals Association Employee Assistance Society of North America Institute for a Drug-Free Workplace Working Partners for an Alcohol and Drug-Free Workplace National Association for Student Assistance Professionals National Institute on Drug Abuse Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Sources 1 U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics. Actual and Projected Labor Force. URL: www.bls.gov/. (Accessed November 9, 1999.) 2 National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drug Use Among Teenagers Leveling 0ff. (News Release). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999. URL: http://www.drugabuse.gov/MedAdv/99/NR-1217a.html (Accessed December 20, 1999.) 3 U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics. Employment Experience and Other Characteristics of Youths: Results from a New Longitudinal Survey Summary. April 30, 1999. 4 Resnick, M.D., et al. Protecting Adolescents From Harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. JAMA 278(10):823-32, 1997. 5 U.S. Department of Labor. Work Safe this Summer (And Beyond). Protecting Working Teens (fact sheet). URL: www.dol.gov/dol/topic/youthlabor/StudentWorkers.htm#doltopics 6 Falco, M. The Making of a Drug-Free America: Programs That Work. New York: Times Books, 1992. 7 National Association of Treatment Providers. Treatment is the Answer: A White Paper on the Cost-Effectiveness of Alcoholism and Drug Dependency Treatment. Laguna Hills, CA: National Association of Treatment Providers, March 1991. 8 Backer, T.E. Strategic Planning for Workplace Drug Abuse Programs. National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 1987 (page 4). 9 Alcohol and the Workplace. Alcohol Alert, No. 44, JuIy 1999. 10 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders, October 1997. |
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aith-based organizations, athletic and recreational groups, civic organizations, and similar community groups share a common goal—to serve the community and the people who live in it. Community organizations can have a positive influence on the lives of young people, including young people who use alcohol and drugs. Because of their day-to-day involvement in the lives of youth, community organizations can help identify adolescents with substance abuse problems, refer them to treatment, and support them throughout the recovery process. Youth substance abuse is clearly a communitywide challenge that requires a communitywide response. Consider these facts about adolescent substance abuse:
Getting Involved—Next Steps There are a number of ways in which community organizations serving youth can get involved in creating a healthier community environment for youth. Here are a few examples:
Additional Resources for Community-Based Organizations Serving Youth 4-H American Public Health Association Association of State and Territorial Health Officials Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America Boy Scouts of America Boys & Girls Clubs of America Catholic Charities, USA Catholic Youth Organization Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America Congress of National Black Churches The Fellowship of Christian Athletes General Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church Girl Power!* Campaign Headquarters * Girl Power! is a national public education campaign sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services with leadership from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, the Office on Women’s Health, and the Office of the Secretary. Girl Scouts Jewish Alcoholics, Chemically Dependent Persons and Significant
Others Junior Achievement Little League (Central Region) Little League (East Region) Little League (South Region) Little League (West Region) National Association for Children of Alcoholics National Association of Community Health Centers, Inc.® National Association of Rural Health Clinics National Council for Community Behavioral Healthcare National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. National High School Athletic Coaches Association National Institute on Drug Abuse Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment Programs Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Young Men’s Christian Association of the USA Young Women’s Christian Association Sources 1 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Screening and Assessing Adolescents for Substance Use Disorders. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 31. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 99-3282. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1999. 2 Grant, B.F., Dawson, D.A. Age at Onset of Alcohol Use and Its Association with DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse 9:103-110, 1997. 3 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Dangerous Liaisons: Substance Abuse and Sex. New York, NY: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 1999. |
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arents are in a unique position to identify and get treatment for their teenage children who are using alcohol and illicit drugs. Be aware that any child—regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or socioeconomic background—can develop a substance abuse problem. By paying attention to your children and knowing the facts, you will be better able to recognize substance abuse problems and take action. Here are some facts parents should know:
Getting Involved—Next Steps Dealing with substance abuse problems in young people is an important part of parenting today. The good news is—help is available. Teenagers can and do get off drugs. Here are some steps that parents can take.
Additional Resources for Parents and Families American Council for Drug Education American Psychological Association Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America Families for Prevention Hazelden Foundation Join Together National Association for Children of Alcoholics National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institute on Drug Abuse National Mental Health Association |