Funding Support - 2008
Printer-friendly VersionAn important aspect of scientific publication is the indication of funding support. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH®), which is used by the National Library of Medicine® (NLM®) to describe the contents of journal articles for MEDLINE®, includes publication types to cover financial support of the research that resulted in the published paper when that support is mentioned in the article:
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
- Research Support, U.S. Gov’t, Non-P.H.S.
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t
These publication types are searchable in PubMed®. The table below gives the number of PubMed citations retrieved as of December 11, 2007. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; and Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't have been used since 1975. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural and Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural have been used since June 2005. It is important to remember that these publication types may be present on any citation regardless of its publication date as long as it was completely processed during or after 1975 and 2005, respectively.
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Funding Support
(The PubMed search tags [dp] and [pt] stand for date of publication and publication type.)Total Citations 2007* [dp] 2006 [dp] 2005 [dp] 2004 [dp] 2003 [dp] Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. [pt] 1,577,326 71,580 87,113 78,958 72,079 66,317 Number (and percent) of PHS Support in PubMed Central
182,305
(12%)8,113
(11%)14,025
(16%)12,034
(15%)8,947
(12%)7,508
(11%)Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural[pt]
200,157 67,324 81,923 61,842 4,715 235 Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural[pt]
7,383 3,455 3,770 855 9 0 NIH Support (see strategy below)
1,302,003 70,224 85,368 75,449 63,695 58,201 Number (and percent) of NIH Support in PubMed Central
154,188
(12%)8,336
(12%)14,284
(17%)12,004
(16%)8,095
(13%)6,702
(12%)Percent of "Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S" coming entirely or in-part from NIH
82% 98% 98% 96% 88% 88% Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.[pt] 464,548 24,069 28,354 26,086 24,219 21,720 Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't[pt] 3,442,090 215,742 263,402 242,370 217,791 197,590
- * More recent dates of publication are not complete due to publication cycles and processing times.
NIH Support is data obtained by a search strategy containing all the NIH 2-letter grant codes and institute acronyms as well as the two publication types, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural and Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural. In 1981, NLM began to carry the actual grant number for PHS grants, just as it appears in the original article, in the MEDLINE citation. No attempt is made to standardize the format of the grant numbers, except for the prefix portion where the correct format contains the number '0' (zero) and not the letter 'O', e.g.: R01 and not RO1. A computer algorithm scans the grant number to isolate the 2-letter grant code and then adds the agency/institute acronym to the citation. The data are only as dependable as the original source and some mislabeling of the supporting institution may occur as a result of the machine parsing, but the numbers are a good indication of the literature acknowledging research support that is being indexed for MEDLINE.
The search strategy is:
- AA[gr] OR NIAAA[gr] OR AG[gr] OR NIA[gr] OR AI[gr] OR AO[gr] OR NIAID[gr] OR AM[gr] OR NIADDK[gr] OR AR[gr] OR NIAMS[gr] OR AT[gr] OR NCCAM[gr] OR CA[gr] OR NCI[gr] OR CO[gr] OR CN[gr] OR CB[gr] OR CP[gr] OR CM[gr] OR CL[gr] OR CLC[gr] OR CT[gr] OR CIT[gr] OR DA[gr] OR NIDA[gr] OR DC[gr] OR NIDCD[gr] OR DE[gr] OR NIDCR[gr] OR DK[gr] OR NIDDK[gr] OR DS[gr] OR ES[gr] OR NIEHS[gr] OR EY[gr] OR NEI[gr] OR GM[gr] OR NIGMS[gr] OR HD[gr] OR NICHD[gr] OR HG[gr] OR NHGRI[gr] OR HL[gr] OR NHLBI[gr] OR HV[gr] OR HB[gr] OR HR[gr] OR HI[gr] OR HO[gr] OR HC[gr] OR LM[gr] OR NLM[gr] OR MH[gr] OR NIMH[gr] OR NR[gr] OR NINR[gr] OR NS[gr] OR NINDS[gr] OR OD[gr] OR GF[gr] OR JT[gr] OR NIH[gr] OR ORS[gr] OR RG[gr] OR CSR[gr] OR RR[gr] OR NCRR[gr] OR RS[gr] OR DRS[gr] OR RC[gr] OR CCR[gr] OR TW[gr] OR FIC[gr] OR WH[gr] OR WHI[gr] OR MD[gr] OR NCMHD[gr] OR EB[gr] OR NIBIB[gr] OR GW[gr] OR GAS[gr] OR NB[gr] OR OF[gr] OR ORFDO[gr] OR OL[gr] OR OLAO[gr] OR RM[gr] OR RMOD[gr] OR SF[gr] OR SBRP[gr] OR Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural [pt] OR Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural [pt]
In general, the counts in the above chart do not include citations to articles authored by NIH or PHS scientists (or by scientists in the other categories) unless the research was also supported by a grant that was mentioned in the article or there is explicit acknowledgement in the article that the work was "supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIH."
For comparison purposes, the overall citation counts in PubMed as of December 11, 2007 were:
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MEDLINE 16,247,953 PubMed-not-MEDLINE 259,010 In process 229,774 Publisher supplied 438,966 OLDMEDLINE 413,020 All PubMed 17,588,723