U.S. Food & Drug Administration
 Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition
FISH AND FISHERIES PRODUCTS
HAZARDS AND CONTROLS GUIDANCE:
Third Edition June 2001

CHAPTER 3

Potential Species-Related & Process-Related Hazards

(Return to table of contents.)

TABLE 3-2

POTENTIAL INVERTEBRATE SPECIES RELATED HAZARDS

MARKET NAMES LATIN NAMES HAZARDS
BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL
Pathogens Parasites Natural Toxins Chemical Drugs
CHP 4 CHP 5 CHP 6 CHP 9 CHP 11
ABALONE Haliotis spp    x 
Marinauris roei    x 
Notohaliotis ruber    x 
Schismotis laevigata    x 
AQUACULTURED INVERTEBRATES ALL SPECIES x xxx
ARKSHELL Anadara subcrenata x xx 
Arca spp. x xx 
CLAM, BENTNOSE Macoma nasuta x xx 
CLAM BUTTER Saxidomus spp. x xx 
CLAM, CALICO Macrocallista maculata x xx 
CLAM, GEODUCK Panopea abrupta x xx 
Panopea bitruncata x xx 
CLAM, HARD Arctica islandica x xx 
Meretricinae spp. x xx 
Meretrix spp. x xx 
Venus mortoni x xx 
CLAM, HARDSHELL or
QUAHOG		 Protothaca thaca x xx 
Mercenaria spp. x xx 
CLAM, LITTLENECK Protothaca staminea x xx 
Protothaca tenerrima x xx 
Tapes aureus x xx 
Tapes decussatus x xx 
Tapes semidecussata x xx 
Tapes variegata x xx 
Tapes virginea x xx 
Venerupis philippinarum x xx 
CLAM, MARSH Corbicula japonica x xx 
CLAM, PISMO Tivela stultorum x xx 
CLAM, RAZOR Ensis spp. x xx 
Siliqua spp. x xx 
Solen spp. x xx 
Tagelus spp. x xx 
CLAM, SANGUIN Sanguinolaria spp. x xx 
CLAM, SOFTSHELL Mya arenaria x xx 
CLAM, SURF
SURFCLAM		 Mactra spp. x xx 
Mactrellona alata x xx 
Mactromeris spp. x xx 
Mactrotomas spp. x xx 
Simomactra spp. x xx 
Spisula spp. x xx 
Tresus spp. x xx 
CLAM, SURF
AQUACULTURED		 Mactra schalinensis x xx 
CLAM, VENUS Chione spp. x xx 
Macrocallista nimbosa x xx 
CLAM, WEDGE Paphies spp. x xx 
COCKLE Cardium spp. x xx 
Clinocardium spp. x xx 
Dinocardium robustum x xx 
Serripes groenlandicus x xx 
CONCH Strombus spp.      
COQUINA Donax spp. x xx 
COQUINA, FALSE Iphigenia brasiliana x xx 
CRAB, BLUE Callinectes sapidus    x 
CRAB, BROWN Geryon fenneri      
CRAB, BROWN KING Lithodes aequispina      
CRAB, CENTOLLA Lithodes antarcticus      
Lithodes murrayi      
CRAB, DEEPSEA Paralomis granulosa      
CRAB, DUNGENESS Cancer magister    x(2) x 
CRAB, JONAH Cancer borealis    x(2)   
CRAB, KING Paralithodes camtschaticus      
Paralithodes platypus      
CRAB, KING or HANASAKI Paralithodes brevipes      
CRAB, KOREAN or KEGANI Erimacrus isenbeckii      
CRAB, LITHODES Neolithodes brodiei      
CRAB, RED Geryon quinquedens      
CRAB, RED ROCK Cancer productus    x(2)   
CRAB, ROCK Cancer irroratus      
Cancer pagurus      
CRAB, SNOW Chionoecetes angulatus      
Chionoecetes bairdi      
Chionoecetes opilio      
Chionoecetes tanneri      
CRAB, SPIDER Jacquinotia edwardsii      
Maja squinado      
CRAB, STONE Menippi spp.      
CRAB, SWIMMING Callinectes arcuatus    x 
Callinectes toxotes    x 
Portunus spp.    x 
CRAWFISH or CRAYFISH Cambarus spp.    x 
Cherax spp.    x 
Euastacus armatus    x 
Pacifastacus spp.    x 
Paranephrops spp.    x 
Procambarus spp.    x 
Astacus spp.    x 
CRAWFISH or
CRAYFISH
AQUACULTURED		 Cambarus spp.    xx
Cherax spp.    xx
Euastacus armatus    xx
Pacifastacus spp.    xx
Paranephrops spp.    xx
Procambarus spp.    xx
Astacus spp.    xx
CUTTLEFISH Sepia spp.      
JELLYFISH Rhopilema spp.      
KRILL Euphausia spp.    x 
Meganyctiphanes norvegica      
Thysandoessa inermis      
LANGOSTINO Cervimunida johni      
Munida gregaria      
Pleuroncodes monodon      
LIMPET Acmaea testitudinalis      
Cellana denticulata      
Diodora aspera      
Fissurella maxima      
Lottia gigantea      
Patella caerulea      
LOBSTER Homarus spp.      x(7)
LOBSTER, NORWAY Nephrops norvegicus      
LOBSTER, ROCK Jasus spp.      
LOBSTER, ROCK or SPINY Palinurus spp.      
Panulirus spp.      
LOBSTER, SLIPPER Ibacus ciliatus      
Scyllarides spp.      
Thenus orientalis      
LOBSTERETTE Metanephrops spp.      
Nephropsis aculeata      
MUSSEL Modiolus spp. x xx 
Mytilus spp. x xx 
Perna canaliculus x xx 
OCTOPUS Eledone spp.   x(1)    
Octopus spp.   x(1)    
OYSTER Crassostrea spp. x xx 
Ostrea spp. x xx 
Tiostrea spp. x xx 
PEN SHELL Atrina pectinata x xx 
PERIWINKLE Littorina littorea      
Lunatatia spp.      
SCALLOP Aequipecten spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Amusium spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Argopecten nucleus x(2)   x(2) x 
Chlamys spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Patinopecten yessoensis x(2)   x(2) x 
Pecten spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Placopectin magellanicus x(2)   x(2) x 
SCALLOP
AQUACULTURED		 Aequipecten spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Amusium spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Argopecten nucleus x(2)   x(2) x 
Chlamys spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Patinopecten yessoensis x(2)   x(2) x 
Pecten spp. x(2)   x(2) x 
Placopectin magellanicus x(2)   x(2) x 
SCALLOP or BAY SCALLOP Argopecten irradians x(2)   x(2) x 
SCALLOP, CALICO Argopecten gibbus x(2)   x(2) x 
SCALLOP or
WEATHERVANE		 Patinopecten caurinus x(2)   x(2) x 
SEA CUCUMBER Cucumaria spp.    x 
Holothuria spp.    x 
Parastichopus spp.    x 
Stichopus spp.    x 
SEA URCHIN roe Echinus esculentus    x 
Evechinus chloroticus    x 
Heliocidaris spp.    x 
Loxechimus spp.    x 
Paracentrotus spp.    x 
Pseudocentrotus spp.    x 
Strongylocentrotus spp.    x 
SEABOB Xiphopenaeuskroyeri      
SHRIMP Crangon spp.      
Metapenaeus affinis      
Palaemon serratus      
Palaemonetes vulgaris      
Pandalopsis dispar      
Pandalus spp.      
Penaeus spp.      
Plesionika martia      
SHRIMP AQUACULTURED Crangon spp.    xx
Exopalaemon styliferus    xx
Macrobrachium spp.    xx
Metapenaeus spp.    xx
Palaemon serratus    xx
Palaemonetes vulgaris    xx
Pandalopsis dispar    xx
Pandalus spp.    xx
Penaeus spp.    xx
Plesionika martia    xx
SHRIMP, FRESHWATER Macrobrachium spp.      
SHRIMP, FRESHWATER AQUACULTURED Macrobrachium spp.    xx
SHRIMP, ROCK Sicyonia brevirostris      
SHRIMP, ROYAL Pleoticus robustus      
SHRIMP or PINK SHRIMP Pandalus borealis      
Pandalus jordani      
SHRIMP or PRAWN Hymenopenaeus sibogae      
SNAIL or ESCARGOT Otala spp.    x 
Helix pomatia    x 
Achatina fulica   x(1)    
SQUID Alloteuthis media   x(1)    
Berryteuthis magister   x(1)    
Dosidicus gigas   x(1)    
Illex spp.   x(1)    
Loligo spp.   x(1)    
Lolliguncula spp.   x(1)    
Nototodarus spp.   x(1)    
Ommastrephes spp.   x(1)    
Rossia macrosoma   x(1)    
Sepiola rondeleti   x(1)    
Sepioteuthis spp.   x(1)    
Todarodes sagittatus   x(1)    
TOP SHELL Turbo cornutus      
Nonodonta turbinata      
WHELK or SEA SNAIL Buccinum spp.       
Busycon spp.       
Neptunea spp.    x(2)    
(1) This hazard only applies if the product is intended to be consumed raw or partially cooked.
(2) This hazard only applies if the product is marketed uneviscerated.
(7) This hazard only applies if the lobster are held in pounds.

See also:

FDA Seafood List

Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook (Bad Bug Book)

Seafood Information and Resources

Seafood HACCP   |   Fish & Fisheries Products Hazards & Controls Guidance: 3rd Edition (2001)
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Hypertext updated by dav/kwg/dms 2002-JUN-14