Recognition of physical inactivity as an important public health problem has evolved rapidly since moderate-intensity physical activity was first recommended for overall health benefits in 1996 by the landmark Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General.¹ Physical activity plays a key role in the Healthy People 2010 overarching goals of increasing quality and years of healthy life and eliminating health disparities. Physical activity is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, colorectal and breast cancer, and osteoporosis.¹ Other benefits of active lifestyles include the following:

• Improved mood and feelings of well-being.
• Better control of body weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
• Enhanced independent living among older adults.
• Better health benefits for people who have chronic diseases or disabilities.
• Increased quality of life for all persons.¹

The focus area for physical activity and fitness has 15 objectives related to participation in physical activities and access to physical activity and fitness programs and facilities at schools and worksites. Progress toward the targets occurred for several objectives; changes were similar in all populations. No progress was made in eliminating disparities in physical activity participation.