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gfdl's external home page > gfdl's reference > gfdl on-line bibliography > GFDL Bibliography - 2006
GFDL Bibliography - 2006
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
2006 Citations
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- Adcroft, A., and R. Hallberg, 2006: On methods for solving the oceanic equations of motion in generalized vertical coordinates. Ocean Modelling, 11(1-2), 224-233.
- Allen, M. R., N. P. Gillett, J. A. Kettleborough, G. Hegerl, R. Schnur, P. A. Stott, G. Boer, C. Covey, T. L. Delworth, G. S. Jones, J. F. B. Mitchell, and T. P Barnett, 2006: Quantifying anthropogenic influence on recent near-surface temperature change. Surveys in Geophysics, 27(5), 491-544.
- Austin, J., and F. Li, 2006: On the relationship between the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the age of stratospheric air. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L17807, doi:10.1029/2006GL026867.
- Austin, J., and R. J. Wilson, 2006: Ensemble simulations of the decline and recovery of stratospheric ozone . Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D16314, doi:10.1029/2005JD006907.
- Baker, D. F., et al., 2006: TransCom 3 inversion intercomparison: Impact of transport model errors on the interannual variability of regional CO2 fluxes, 1988-2003. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB1002, doi:10.1029/2004GB002439.
- Barber, R. T. and M. R. Hiscock, 2006: A rising tide lifts all phytoplankton: growth response of other phytoplankton taxa in diatom-dominated blooms. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB4S03, doi:10.1029/2006GB002726.
- Barreiro, M., G. Philander, R. Pacanowski, and A. Federov, 2006: Simulations of warm tropical conditions with application to middle Pliocene atmospheres. Climate Dynamics, 26(4), 349-365.
- Basu, S., J. Wilson, M. Richardson, and A. Ingersoll, 2006: Simulation of spontaneous and variable global dust storms with the GFDL Mars GCM. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E09004, doi:10.1029/2005JE002660.
- Bates, T. S., T. L. Anderson, T. Baynard, T. Bond, O. Boucher, G. Carmic, A. Clarke, C. Erlick, H. Guo, and L. Horowitz, et al., 2006: Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 1657-1732.
- Behrenfeld, M. J., R. T. O'Malley, D. A. Siegel, C. R. McClain, J. L. Sarmiento, G. C. Feldman , J. Milligan, P. G. Falkowski, R. M. Letelier , and E. S. Boss, 2006: Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature, 444(7120), 752-755.
- Broccoli, A. J., K. A. Dahl, and R. J. Stouffer, 2006: Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere cooling. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L01702, doi:10.1029/2005GL024546.
- Bryan, K., 2006: Modeling ocean circulation - 1960-1990: The Weather Bureau, and Princeton. In, Physical Oceanography: Developments since 1950, Jochum, M., and R. Murtugudde, eds., New York: Springer, 29-44.
- Cakmur, R. V. , R. L. Miller, J. Perlwitz, I. V. Geogdzhayev , P. Ginoux, D. Koch, K. E. Kohfeld, I. Tegen, and C. S. Zender, 2006: Constraining the magnitude of the global dust cycle by minimizing the difference between a model and observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D06207, doi:10.1029/2005JD005791.
- Capotondi, A., A. Wittenberg, and S. Masina, 2006 Spatial and temporal structure of Tropical Pacific interannual variability in 20th century coupled simulations. Ocean Modelling, 15(3-4), 274-298.
- Collins, W. D., V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, Y. Sun, R. W. Portmann, and Q. Fu et al., 2006: Radiative forcing by well-mixed greenhouse gases: Estimates from climate models in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR-4). Journal of Geophysical Research, 11, D14317, doi:10.1029/2005JD006713.
- Collins, W. D., P. J. Rasch, B. A. Boville, J. J. Hack, J. R. McCaa, D. L. Wiliamson, B. P. Briegleb, C. M. Bitz, S-J. Lin, and M. Zhang, 2006: The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3). Journal of Climate, 19(11), 2144-2161.
- Crevoisier, C., M. Gloor, E. Gloaguen, L. W. Horowitz, J. L. Sarmiento, C. Sweeney, and P. P. Tans, 2006: A direct carbon budgeting approach to infer carbon sources and sinks. Design and synthetic application to complement the NACP observation network. Tellus, 58B(5), 366-375.
- Delworth, T. L., and K. W. Dixon, 2006: Have anthropogenic aerosols delayed a greenhouse gas-induced weakening of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation? Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L02606, doi:10.1029/2005GL024980.
- Delworth, T. L., A. Rosati, R. J. Stouffer, K. W. Dixon, J. Dunne, K. Findell, P. Ginoux, A. Gnanadesikan, C. T. Gordon, S. M. Griffies, R. Gudgel, M. J. Harrison, I. M. Held, R. S. Hemler, L. W. Horowitz, S. A. Klein, T. R. Knutson, S-J. Lin, P. C. D. Milly, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, J. J. Sirutis, W. F. Stern, M. J. Spelman, M. Winton, A. T. Wittenberg, B. Wyman, et al., 2006: GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics. Journal of Climate, 19(5), 643-674.
- Dentener, F., J. Drevet, J. F. LaMarque, I. Bey, B. Eickhout, A. M. Fiore, D. Hauglustaine, and L. W. Horowitz, et al., 2006: Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: a multimodel evaluation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20(4), GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002672.
- Dentener, F., S. Kinne, T. Bond, O. Boucher, J. Cofala, S. Generoso, P. Ginoux, S. Gong, J. J. Hoelzemann, A. Ito, L. Marelli, J. E. Penner, J.-P. Putaud, C. Textor, M. Schulz, G. R. van der Werf, J. Wilson , 2006: Emissions of primary aerosol and precursor gases in the years 2000 and 1750, prescribed data-sets for AeroCom. Atmospheric Chemistry Physics Discussions, 6, 2703-2763.
- Dentener, F., J. Drevet, J. F. LaMarque, I. Bey, B. Eickhout, A. M. Fiore, D. Hauglustaine, and L. W. Horowitz, et al., 2006: Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: a multimodel evaluation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20(4), GB4003, doi:10.1029/2005GB002672.
- Dentener, F., D. Stevenson, K. Ellingsen, T. van Noije, M. Schultz, M. Amann, and A. Fiore, et al., 2006: The global atmospheric environment for the next generation. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(11), 3586-3594.
- Erlick, C., V. Ramaswamy, and L. M. Russell, 2006: Differing regional responses to a perturbation in solar cloud absorption in the SKYHI general circulation models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D06204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006491.
- Ezer, T., 2006: Topographic influence on overflow dynamics: Idealized numerical simulations and the Faroe Bank Channel overflow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, C02002, doi:10.1029/2005JC003195.
- Fan, S-M., W. J. Moxim, and H. Levy II, 2006: Aeolian input of bioavailable iron to the ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L07602, doi:10.1029/2005GL024852.
- Federov, A, P S Dekens, M McCarthy, A C Ravelo, P B deMenocal, M Barreiro, Ronald C Pacanowski, and S.G.H. Philander, 2006: The Pliocene Paradox (Mechanisms for a Permanent El Niño). Science, 312(5779), 1485-1489.
- Findell, K. L., T. R. Knutson, and P. C. D. Milly, 2006: Weak simulated extratropical responses to complete tropical deforestation. Journal of Climate, 19(12), 2835-2850.
- Fiore, A. M., L. W. Horowitz, E. J. Dlugokencky, and J. J. West, 2006: Impact of meteorology and emissions on methane trends, 1990-2004. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L12809, doi:10.1029/2006GL026199.
- Folkins, I., P. Bernath, C. Boone, L. J. Donner, A. Eldering, G. Lesins, R. V. Martin, B.-M. Sinnhuber, and K. Walker, 2006: Testing convective parameterizations with tropical measurements of HNO3, CO, H2O, and O3: Implications for the water vapor budget. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D23304, doi:10.1029/2006JD007325.
- Frierson, D. M. W., I. M. Held, and P. Zurita-Gotor, 2006: A Gray-Radiation Aquaplanet moist GCM. Part I: Static stability and eddy scale. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63(10), 2548-2566.
- Gerber, E. P., 2006: A dynamical and statistical understanding of the North Atlantic Oscillation
and annular modes.
242 leaves. Ph.D. diss., Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ.
- Ginoux, P., L. W. Horowitz, V. Ramaswamy, I. V. Geogdzhayev, B. N. Holben, G. Stenchikov, and X. Tie, 2006: Evaluation of aerosol distribution and optical depth in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model CM2.1 for present climate. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D22210, doi:10.1029/2005JD006707.
- Gnanadesikan, A., K. W. Dixon, S. M. Griffies, T. L. Delworth, M. J. Harrison, I. M. Held, W. J. Hurlin, R. C. Pacanowski, A. Rosati, B. L. Samuels, M. J. Spelman, R. J. Stouffer, M. Winton, A. T. Wittenberg, and J. P. Dunne, et al., 2006: GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part II: The baseline ocean simulation. Journal of Climate, 19(5), 675-697.
- Gnanadesikan, A., J. L. Russell, and F. Zeng, 2006: How does ocean ventilation change under global warming? Ocean Science Discussions, 3, 805-826.
- Gnanadesikan, A., and R. J. Stouffer, 2006: Diagnosing atmosphere-ocean general circulation model errors relevant to the terrestrial biosphere using the Köppen climate classification. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L22701, doi:10.1029/2006GL028098.
- Guo, Z., P. A. Dirmeyer, R. D. Koster, G. Bonan, E. Chan, P. Cox, and C. T. Gordon, et al., 2006: GLACE: The Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part II: Analysis. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7(4), 611-625.
- Hallberg, R. W., and A. Gnanadesikan, 2006: The role of eddies in determining the structure and response of the wind-driven Southern Hemisphere overturning: Results from the modeling eddies in the Southern Ocean (MESO) project. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 36(12), 2232-2252.
- Held, I. M., and B. J. Soden, 2006: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. Journal of Climate, 19(21), 5686-5699.
- Hewitt, C. D., A. J. Broccoli, M. Crucifix, J. M. Gregory, J. F. B. Mitchell, and R. J. Stouffer, 2006: The effect of a large freshwater perturbation on the Glacial North Atlantic Ocean using a Coupled General Circulation Model. Journal of Climate, 19(17), 4436-4447.
- Horowitz, L., 2006: Past, present, and future concentrations of tropospheric ozone and aerosols: Methodology, ozone evaluation, and sensitivity to aerosol wet removal. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D22211, doi:10.1029/2005JD006937.
- Huang, X., V. Ramaswamy, and M. D. Schwarzkopf, 2006: Quantification of the source of errors in AM2 simulated tropical clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D14107, doi:10.1029/2005JD006576.
- Hurrell, J. W., M. Visbeck, A. Busalacchi, R. A. Clarke, T. L. Delworth, R. R. Dickson, W. E. Johns, K. P. Koltermann, and Y. Kushnir, et al., 2006: Atlantic climate variability & predictability: A CLIVAR perspective. Journal of Climate, 19(20), 5100-5121.
- Hurtt, G. C., S. Frolking, M. G. Fearon, B. Moore, E. Shevliakova, S. Malyshev, S. W. Pacala, and R. A. Houghton, 2006: The underpinnings of land-use history: three centuries of global gridded land-use transitions, wood-harvest activity, and resulting secondary lands. Global Change Biology, 12(7), 1208-1229.
- Jablonowski, C., M. Herzog, J. E. Penner, R. C. Oehmke, Q. F. Stout, B. van Leer, and K. G. Powell, 2006: Block-structured adaptive grids on the sphere: Advection experiments. Monthly Weather Review, 134(12), 3691-3713.
- Jackett, D. R., T. J. McDougall, R. Feistel, D. G. Wright, and S. M. Griffies, 2006: Algorithms for density, potential temperature, conservative temperature, and the freezing temperature of seawater. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 23(12), 1709-1728.
- Jackson, L., C. W. Hughes, and R. G. Williams, 2006: Topographic control of basin and channel flows: The role of bottom pressure torques and friction. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 36(9), 1786-1805.
- Jiang, X., N-C. Lau, and S. A. Klein , 2006: Role of eastward propagating convection systems in the diurnal cycle and seasonal mean of summertime rainfall over the U.S. Great Plains. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L19809, doi:10.1029/2006GL027022.
- Jin, X., N. Gruber, J. P. Dunne, J. L. Sarmiento, and R. A. Armstrong, 2006: Diagnosing the contribution of phytoplankton functional groups to the production and export of particulate organic carbon, CaCO3, and opal from global nutrient and alkalinity distributions. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB2015, doi:10.1029/2005GB002532.
- Kinne, S., M. Schulz, C. Textor, S. Guibert, Y. Balkanski, S. E. Bauer, P. Ginoux, M. Herzog, and L. Horowitz, et al., 2006: An AeroCom initial assessment - optical properties in aerosol component modules of global models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 6, 1815-1834.
- Klein, S. A., X. Jiang, J. Boyle, S. Malyshev, and S. Xie, 2006: Diagnosis of the summertime warm and dry bias over the U.S. Southern Great Plains in the GFDL climate model using a weather forecasting approach. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L18805, doi:10.1029/2006GL027567.
- Knutson, T. R., T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, I. M. Held, J. Lu, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, G. Stenchikov, and R. J. Stouffer, 2006: Assessment of Twentieth-Century regional surface temperature trends using the GFDL CM2 coupled models. Journal of Climate, 10(9), 1624-1651.
- Koster, R. D., Z. Guo, P. A. Dirmeyer, G. Bonan, E. Chan, P. Cox, H. Davies, and C. T. Gordon, et al., 2006: GLACE: The Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part I Overview. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 7(4), 590-610.
- Kunkel, C. M., R. W. Hallberg, and M. Oppenheimer, 2006: Coral reefs reduce tsunami impact in model simulations. Geophysial Research Letters, 33, L23612, doi:10.1029/2006GL027892.
- Lanzante, J. R., T. C. Peterson, F. J. Wentz, K. Y. Vinnikov, D. J. Seidel, C. A. Mears, J. R. Christy, C. E. Forest, R. S. Vose, P. W. Thorne, and N. C. Grody, 2006: What do observations indicate about the changes of temperatures in the atmosphere and at the surface since the advent of measuring temperatures vertically? In, Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Differences, T. R. Karl, S. J. Hassol, C. D. Miller, W. L. Murray, eds., A Report by the Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Washington, DC, 47-70.
- Larson, V. E., A. J. Smith, M. J. Falk, K. E. Kotenberg, and J-C. Golaz, 2006: What determines altocumulus dissipation time? Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D19207, doi:10.1029/2005JD007002.
- Lau, N-C., A. Leetmaa, and M. J. Nath, 2006: Attribution of atmospheric variations in the 1997-2003 period to SST anomalies in the Pacific and Indian Ocean Basins. Journal of Climate, 19(15), 3607-3628.
- Lau, N-C., and M. J. Nath, 2006: ENSO modulation of the interannual and intraseasonal variability of the East Asian monsoon - A model study. Journal of Climate, 19(18), 4508-4530.
- Lau, N-C., and B. Wang, 2006: Interactions between the Asian monsoon and the El Nińo/Southern Oscillation. In, The Asian Monsoon, Berlin: Praxis, 479-512.
- Lee, H-C., A. Rosati, and M. J. Spelman, 2006: Barotropic tidal mixing effects in a coupled climate model: Oceanic conditions in the Northern Atlantic. Ocean Modelling, 11(3-4), 464-477.
- Legg, S., R. W. Hallberg, and J. B. Girton, 2006: Comparison of entrainment in overflows simulated by z-coordinate, isopycnal and non-hydrostatic models. Ocean Modelling, 11(1-2), 69-97.
- Legg, S., and K. M. H. Huijtes, 2006: Preliminary simulations of internl waves and mixing generated by finite amplitude tidal flow over isolated topography. Deep-Sea Research II, 53(1-2), 140-156.
- Li, L., A. P. Ingersoll, and X. Huang, 2006: Interaction of moist convection with zonal jets on Jupiter and Saturn. Icarus, 180(1), 113-123.
- Lin, J-L., G. N. Kiladis, B. E. Mapes, K. M. Weickmann, K. R. Sperber, W. Lin, M. C. Wheeler, and L. J. Donner, et al., 2006: Tropical intraseasonal variability in 14 IPCC AR4 climate models. Part I: Convective signals. Journal of Climate, 19(12), 2665-2690.
- Luo, L., and E. F. Wood, 2006: Assessing the idealized predictability of precipitation and temperature in the NCEP Climate Forecast System. Geophysical Research Letters, 33 L04708, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025292.
- Mace, G. G., M. Deng, B. Soden, and E. Zipser, 2006: Association of tropical cirrus in the 10-15-km layer with deep convective sources: An Observational study combining millimeter radar data and satellite-derived trajectories. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63(2), 480-503.
- Marinov, I., A. Gnanadesikan, J. R. Toggweiler, and J. L. Sarmiento, 2006: The Southern Ocean biogeochemical divide. Nature, 441(7096), 964-967.
- Mignone, B. K., A. Gnanadesikan, J. L. Sarmiento, and R. D. Slater, 2006: Central role of Southern Hemisphere winds and eddies in modulating the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L01604, 10.1029/2005GL024464.
- Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., N. Gruber, A. R. Jacobson, S. C. Doney, S. Dutkiewicz, M. Gerber, M. Follows, F. Joos, K. Lindsay, D. Menemenlis, A. Mouchet, S. A. Müller, and J. L. Sarmiento, 2006: Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB2002, doi:10.1029/2005GB00253.
- Miller, R. L., R. V. Cakmur, J. Perlwitz, I. V. Geogdzhayev, P. Ginoux, D. Koch, K. E. Kohfeld, C. Prigent, R. Ruedy, G. A. Schmidt, and I. Tegen, 2006: Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D06208, 10.1029/2005JD005796.
- Ming, Y., V. Ramaswamy, Leo J. Donner, and Vaughan T. J. Phillips, 2006: A new parameterization of cloud droplet activation applicable to general circulation models. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63(4), 1348-1356.
- Oey, L-Y., 2006: An OGCM with movable land-sea boundaries. Ocean Modelling, 13(2), 176-195.
- Oey, L.-Y., T. Ezer, D.-P. Wang, S.-J. Fan, and X.-Q. Yin, 2006: Loop current warming by Hurricane Wilma. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L08613, doi:10.1029/2006GL025873.
- Patra, P. K., K. R. Gurney, S. Fan, and J. Sarmiento, et al., 2006: Sensitivity of inverse estimation of annual mean CO2 sources and sinks to ocean-only sites versus all-sites observational networks. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(5), doi:10.1029/2005GL025403.
- Pauluis, O., and S. Garner, 2006: Sensitivity of radiative–convective equilibrium simulations to horizontal resolution. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63(7), 1910-1923.
- Philander, S. G. P., 2006: Sextant to Satellite: The education of a land-based oceanographer. In, Physical Oceanography: Developments since 1950, Jochum, M., and R. Murtugudde, eds., New York: Springer, 153-163.
- Phillips, V. T. J., and L. J. Donner, 2006: Cloud microphysics, radiation and vertical velocities in two- and three-dimensional simulations of deep convection. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 132(621C), 3011-3033.
- Pincus, R., R. Hemler, and S. A. Klein, 2006: Using stochastically generated subcolumns to represent cloud structure in a large-scale model. Monthly Weather Review, 134(12), 3644-3656.
- Pitman, A. J., and R. J. Stouffer, 2006: Abrupt change in climate and climate models. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 10(6), 903-912.
- Ramaswamy, V., J. W. Hurrell, G. A. Meehl, A. Phillips, B. D. Santer, M. D. Schwarzkopf, D. J. Seidel, S. C. Sherwood, and P. W. Thorne, 2006: Why do temperatures vary vertically (from the surface to the stratosphere) and what do we understand about why they might vary and change over time? In, Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Differences, T. R. Karl, S. J. Hassol, C. D. Miller, W. L. Murray, eds., A Report by the Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Washington, DC, 15-28.
- Ramaswamy, V., S. Ramachandran, G. Stenchikov, and A. Robock, 2006: A model study of the effect of Pinatubo volcanic aerosols on the stratospheric temperatures. In, Frontiers of Climate Modeling, J. T. Kiehl, and V. Ramanathan, eds., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 152-178.
- Ramaswamy, V., M. D. Schwarzkopf, W. J. Randel, B. D. Santer, B. J. Soden, and G. L. Stenchikov, 2006: Anthropogenic and natural influences in the evolution of lower stratospheric cooling. Science, 311(5764), 1138- 1141.
- Randall, D. A., M. E. Schlesinger, V. Galin, V. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, and R. Wetherald, 2006: Cloud feedbacks. In, Frontiers of Climate Modeling, J. T. Kiehl, and V. Ramanathan, eds., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 217-250.
- Rasch, P. J., D. B. Coleman, N. Mahowald, D. L. Williamson, S-J. Lin, B. A. Boville, and P. Hess, 2006: Characteristics of atmospheric transport using three numerical formulations for atmospheric dynamics in a single GCM framework. Journal of Climate, 19(11), 2243-2266.
- Russell, J. L., K. W. Dixon, A. Gnanadesikan, R J. Stouffer, and J. R. Toggweiler, 2006: The Southern Hemisphere westerlies in a warming world: Propping open the door to the deep ocean. Journal of Climate, 19(24), 6382-6390.
- Russell, J. L., R. J. Stouffer, and K. W. Dixon, 2006: Intercomparison of the Southern Ocean circulation in IPCC coupled model control simulations. Journal of Climate, 19(18), 4560-4575.
- Shen, B-W., R. Atlas, J-D. Chen, O. Reale, S-J. Lin, T. Lee, and J. Chang, 2006: The 0.125 degree finite-volume general circulation model on the NASA Columbia supercomputer: Preliminary simulations of mesoscale vortices. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L05801, doi:10.1029/2005GL024594.
- Shen, B.-W., R. Atlas, O. Reale, S.-J. Lin, J. D. Chern, J. Chang, C. Henze, and J.-L. Li, 2006: Hurricane forecasts with a global mesoscale-resolving model: Preliminary results with Hurricane Katrina (2005). Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L13813, doi:10.1029/2006GL026143.
- Sherwood, S. C., V. T. J. Phillips, and J. S. Wettlaufer, 2006: Small ice crystals and the climatology of lightning. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L05804, doi:10.1029/2005GL025242.
- Shindell, D. T., G. Faluvegi, D. S. Stevenson, M. C. Krol, L. K. Emmons, J.-F. Lamarque, G. Pétron, F. J. Dentener, M. G. Schultz, K. Ellingsen, O. Wild, A. M. Fiore, and L. W. Horowitz, et al., 2006: Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D19306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007100.
- Soden, B. J., 2006: Water-vapor observations. In, Frontiers of Climate Modeling, J. T. Kiehl, and V. Ramanathan, eds., Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 285-311.
- Soden, B. J., and I. M. Held, 2006: An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. Journal of Climate, 19(14), 3354-3360.
- Stenchikov, G., K. Hamilton, R. J. Stouffer, A. Robock, V. Ramaswamy, B. Santer, and H-F. Graf, 2006: Arctic oscillation response to volcanic eruptions in the IPCC AR4 climate models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D07107, doi:10.1029/2005JD006286.
- Stevenson, D. S., F. J. Dentener, M. G. Schultz, K. Ellingsen, T. P. C. van Noije, O. Wild, A. M. Fiore, and L. W. Horowitz, et al., 2006: Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D08301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006338.
- Stott, P. A., J. F. B. Mitchell, M. R. Allen, T. L. Delworth, J. M. Gregory, G. A. Meehl, and B. D. Santer, 2006: Observational constraints on past attributable warming and predictions of future global warming. Journal of Climate, 19(13), 3055-3069.
- Stouffer, R. J., T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, R. Gudgel, I. Held, R. Hemler, T. Knutson, M. D. Schwarzkopf, M. J. Spelman, M. W. Winton, A. J. Broccoli, H-C. Lee, F. Zeng, and B. Soden, 2006: GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part IV: Idealized climate response. Journal of Climate, 19(5), 723-740.
- Stouffer, R. J., K. W. Dixon, M. J. Spelman, W. Hurlin, J. Yin, J. M. Gregory, A. J. Weaver, M. Eby, G. M. Flato, D. Y. Robitaille, H. Hasumi, A. Oka, A. Hu, J. H. Jungclaus, I. V. Kamenkovich, A. Levermann, M. Montoya, S. Murakami, S. Nawrath, W. R. Peltier, G. Vettoretti, A. Sokolov, and S. L. Weber, 2006: Investigating the causes of the response of the thermohaline circulation to past and future climate changes. Journal of Climate, 19(8), 1365-1387.
- Stouffer, R. J., J. Russell, and M. J. Spelman, 2006: Importance of oceanic heat uptake in transient climate change. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(17), L17704, doi:10.1029/2006GL027242.
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