NHC Text Product Descriptions

Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory - How to Read

The Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory contains a list of all current watches and warnings on a tropical or subtropical cyclone. It also gives the cyclone position in terms of latitude and longitude coordinates and distance from a selected land point or island, as well as the current motion. The advisory includes the maximum sustained winds in miles per hour and the estimated or measured minimum central pressure in millibars and inches. The advisory may also include information on potential storm tides, rainfall or tornadoes associated with the cyclone, as well as any pertinent weather observations.

Public advisories are issued for all Atlantic and eastern Pacific tropical or subtropical cyclones. Prior to 2008, public advisories for eastern Pacific tropical or subtropical cyclones were issued only when the cyclones threatened land.

Public advisories for Atlantic tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 5:00 AM EDT, 11:00 AM EDT, 5:00 PM EDT, and 11:00 PM EDT (or 4:00 AM EST, 10:00 AM EST, 4:00 PM EST, and 10:00 PM EST).

Public advisories for Eastern Pacific tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 2:00 AM PDT, 8:00 AM PDT, 2:00 PM PDT, and 8:00 PM PDT (or 1:00 AM PST, 7:00 AM PST, 1:00 PM PST, and 7:00 PM PST).

Intermediate public advisories may be issued every 3 hours when coastal watches or warnings are in effect, and every 2 hours when coastal watches or warnings are in effect and land-based radars have identified a reliable storm center. Additionally, special public advisories may be issued at any time due to significant changes in warnings or in the cyclone.

The numbers 1-5 in the headers are assigned on a rotating basis by cyclone number, i.e., advisories on the first, sixth, or eleventh cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header WTNT31 KNHC; advisories on the second, seventh, or twelfth cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header WTNT32 KNHC, and so on.

Tropical Cyclone Forecast/Advisory - How to Read

The Tropical Cyclone Forecast/Advisory contains a list of all current watches and warnings on a tropical or subtropical cyclone, as well as the current latitude and longitude coordinates, intensity, and system motion. The advisory contains forecasts of the cyclone positions, intensities, and wind fields for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours from the current synoptic time. The advisory may also include information on any pertinent storm tides associated with the cyclone. All wind speeds in the forecast advisory in given in knots (nautical miles per hour).

Forecast/Advisories are issued on all Atlantic and eastern Pacific tropical and subtropical cyclones every six hours at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC (learn about UTC time). Special Forecast/Advisories may be issued at any time due to significant changes in warnings or in the cyclone.

The numbers 1-5 in the headers are assigned by cyclone number, i.e., advisories on the first, sixth, or eleventh cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header WTNT21 KNHC; advisories on the second, seventh, or twelfth cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header WTNT22 KNHC, and so on.

Tropical Cyclone Discussion

The Tropical Cyclone Discussion explains the reasoning for the analysis and forecast of a tropical or subtropical cyclone. It includes a table of the forecast track and intensity.

Tropical Cyclone Discussions are issued on all Atlantic and eastern Pacific tropical and subtropical cyclones every six hours. Special tropical cyclone discussions may be issued at any time due to significant changes in warnings or in the cyclone.

Tropical Cyclone Discussions for Atlantic tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 5:00 AM EDT, 11:00 AM EDT, 5:00 PM EDT, and 11:00 PM EDT (or 4:00 AM EST, 10:00 AM EST, 4:00 PM EST, and 10:00 PM EST).

Tropical Cyclone Discussions for Eastern Pacific tropical cyclones are normally issued every six hours at 2:00 AM PDT, 8:00 AM PDT, 2:00 PM PDT, and 8:00 PM PDT (or 1:00 AM PST, 7:00 AM PST, 1:00 PM PST, and 7:00 PM PST).

The numbers 1-5 in the headers are assigned by cyclone number, i.e., discussions on the first, sixth, or eleventh cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header WTNT41 KNHC; discussions on the second, seventh, or twelfth cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header WTNT42 KNHC, and so on.

Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Speed Probabilities

The Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Speed Probabilities text product provides probabilities, in percent, of sustained wind speeds equal to or exceeding 34-, 50-, and 64-knot wind speed thresholds. These wind speed probabilities are based on the track, intensity, and wind structure forecasts and uncertainties from the National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center and are computed for coastal and inland cities as well as offshore locations (e.g., buoys).

These text products are issued on all Atlantic and eastern Pacific tropical and subtropical cyclones every six hours at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC (learn about UTC time). Special tropical cyclone surface wind speed probabilities may be issued at any time due to significant changes in warnings or in the cyclone.

The numbers 1-5 in the header are assigned on a rotating basis by cyclone number, i.e., probabilities on the first, sixth, or eleventh cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header FONT11 KNHC; probabilities on the second, seventh, or twelfth cyclones of the Atlantic season would be sent under the WMO header FONT12 KNHC, and so on.

Three types of tropical cyclone wind speed probability values will be created during 2006. Not all of these values will be distributed or placed on the Internet. For each probability value, the event in question is a sustained (one-minute average) surface (10 m) wind speed of at least a particular threshold value (34, 50, or 64 kt) at a specific location.

Cumulative – These values tell you the overall probability the event will occur sometime during the specified cumulative forecast period (0-6 hours, 0-12, 0-18, etc.) at each specific point. These values are provided in both the text and graphical formats. In the text product, the numbers are in parentheses. The graphical products depict only cumulative values. The text product is transmitted to users via normal NWS dissemination methods. The graphic is available on the internet from the National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center.

Individual – These values tell you the probability the event will start sometime during the specified individual forecast period (0 - 6 hours, 6-12, 12-18, etc.) at each specific point. These periods are individual, since nothing that occurs before or after the specified period affects the probability. These values are provided only in the text NHC product. They are the values outside of the parentheses (cumulative values are in the parentheses). The term "individual" also makes a clear distinction from the cumulative period values for users.

Incremental – These values tell you the probability the event will occur sometime during the specified forecast period (0 - 6 hours, 6-12, 12-18, etc.) at each specific point. These values are incremental since they can increase in value by accounting for the possibility the event might start in an earlier period and still be occurring in the specified period.

See Example

Note:  View a more detailed description of the wind speed probabilities products.

List of Cities by Basin:  Atlantic – Eastern Pacific – Central Pacific – Western Pacific

Tropical Cyclone Update

Tropical Cyclone Updates are brief statements issued in lieu of or preceding special advisories to inform of significant changes in a tropical cyclone or to post or cancel watches or warnings. No structured issuance schedule exists for these update statements.

See Example

Tropical Cyclone Position Estimate

Tropical Cyclone Position Estimates are issued between 2-hourly intermediate public advisories whenever a tropical cyclone with a well-defined radar center is within 200 nautical miles of land-based radar in the United States. These estimates give the center location in map coordinates and distance and direction from a well-known point.

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Tropical Weather Outlook

The Tropical Weather Outlook is a discussion of significant areas of disturbed weather and their potential for development out to 48 hours. It includes (when possible) a nontechnical explanation of the meteorology behind the outlook.

Tropical Weather Outlooks also include a brief descriptions of any tropical or subtropical cyclones in the region. It also includes the WMO and AWIPS headers of where to find more information on an active cyclone during the first 24 hours of existence.

During hurricane season, Tropical Weather Outlooks are issued four times a day. Atlantic outlooks are issued at 2:00 AM EDT, 8:00 AM EDT, 2:00 PM EDT, and 8:00 PM EDT. They are transmitted under WMO header ABNT20 KNHC and AWIPS header MIATWOAT.

Eastern Pacific outlooks are issued at 5:00 AM PDT, 11:00 AM PDT, 5:00 PM PDT, and 11:00 PM PDT. They are transmitted under WMO header ABPZ20 KNHC and AWIPS header MIATWOEP.

The products will be issued one hour earlier for both basins during Standard Time. The most current Tropical Weather Outlook is found on the NHC home page.

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Special Tropical Disturbance Statement

Special Tropical Disturbance Statements are used to furnish information on strong formative, nondepression systems. These are usually issued for systems strong enough to produce heavy rains and strong winds that do not yet meet the criteria of tropical or subtropical cyclones. These products are transmitted only as needed and no structured issuance schedule exists.

Atlantic Special Tropical Disturbance Statements are issued under WMO header WONT41 KNHC and AWIPS header MIADSAAT. Eastern Pacific Special Tropical Disturbance Statements are issued under WMO header WOPZ41 and AWIPS header MIADSAEP.

The most current Special Tropical Disturbance Statement is found on the NHC home page.

See Example

Tropical Cyclone Valid Time Event Code (VTEC)

The Tropical Cyclone Watch/Warning text product (TCV) is based upon the Valid Time Event Code (VTEC). It summarizes all new, continued, and canceled tropical cyclone watches and warnings issued by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) for the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands. Beginning in 2008, the TCV will also include areas of southern California from Los Angeles to the United States/Mexico border.

Once watches and/or warnings are in effect for the areas mentioned, updates will be issued by the NHC at a minimum of every six hours at the regular advisory issuance time of 5:00 AM EDT, 11:00 AM EDT, 5:00 PM EDT, and 11:00 PM EDT (or 4:00 AM EST, 10:00 AM EST, 4:00 PM EST, and 10:00 PM EST). TCVs for special advisories will be issued for the same circumstances that apply for a standard advisory.

When active, the most current Tropical Cyclone Valid Time Event Code (VTEC) product can be found on the NHC home page.

Additionally, a more detailed description about this product can be found at the TCV overview page.

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Tropical Cyclone ICAO (Aviation) Advisory

The Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory is issued to provide short term tropical cyclone forecast guidance for international aviation safety and routing purposes. The TCA lists the current TC position, motion, and intensity, and includes 6, 12, 18, and 24 hour forecast positions and intensities. Position and intensity information for forecast hours (+06, +12, +18 and +24) is derived from interpolated forecast information – intensity is rounded to the nearest 5 knots.

Issuance of the Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory occurs every six hours at the regular advisory issuance time of 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC (learn about UTC time). For 2008, the bulletin's information is valid at the routine advisory times (0300, 0900, 1500 and 2100 UTC) and is not anchored to the synoptic times. TCAs for special advisories will be issued for the same circumstances that apply for a standard advisory.

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Monthly Tropical Weather Summary

The Monthly Tropical Weather Summary is issued on the first day of every month during the hurricane season. It describes the previous month's tropical cyclone actvity and gives details on the cyclones as known at that time. The last Tropical Weather Summary of the season gives an brief account of the whole season.

Atlantic Tropical Weather Summaries are issued under WMO and AWIPS header ABNT30 KNHC and MIATWSAT. Eastern Pacific Tropical Weather Summaries are issued under WMO header ABPZ30 KNHC and AWIPS header MIATWSEP.

The most current Monthly Tropical Weather Summary is found on the NHC home page.

See Example

Hurricane Season Tropical Cyclone Reports

The National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Reports (formerly called Preliminary Reports) contain comprehensive information on each storm, including synoptic history, meteorological statistics, casualties and damages, and the post-analysis best track (six-hourly positions and intensities). Tropical cyclones include depressions, storms and hurricanes. Tropical depressions listed in the table of contents are those that did not reach tropical storm strength.

Tropical Cyclone Reports (TCRs) are composed after a tropical cyclone has reached its end of life, and all pertinent data has been gathered and analyzed. Once completed, the TCRs are posted to the archives section of the NHC website.