Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program
This is the twelfth annual report summarizing the results of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pesticide residue monitoring program. Eight of the eleven previous reports were published in the Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists/Journal of AOAC International; these presented results from Fiscal Years (FY) 1987 through 1994. Results from FY 1995 through FY 1997 were published on FDA's World Wide Web site. This current report includes findings obtained during FY 1998 (October 1, 1998-1 through September 30, 1998) under regulatory and incidence/level monitoring. Selected Total Diet Study findings for 1998 are also presented. Results in this and earlier reports continue to demonstrate that levels of pesticide residues in the U.S. food supply are well below established safety standards.
Three federal government agencies share responsibility for the regulation of pesticides. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers (i.e., approves) the use of pesticides and sets tolerances (the maximum amount of a residue that is permitted in or on a food) if use of that particular pesticide may result in residues in or on food (1). Except for meat, poultry, and certain egg products, for which the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible, FDA is charged with enforcing tolerances in imported foods and in domestically produced foods shipped in interstate commerce. FDA also acquires incidence/level data on particular commodity/pesticide combinations and carries out its market basket survey, the Total Diet Study. Since 1991, USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), through contracts with participating states, has carried out a residue testing program directed at raw agricultural products and various processed foods. FSIS and AMS report their pesticide residue data independently.
Under this approach to pesticide residue monitoring, FDA samples individual lots of domestically produced and imported foods and analyzes them for pesticide residues to enforce the tolerances set by EPA. Domestic samples are collected as close as possible to the point of production in the distribution system; import samples are collected at the point of entry into U.S. commerce. Emphasis is on the raw agricultural product, which is analyzed as the unwashed, whole (unpeeled), raw commodity. Processed foods are also included. If illegal residues (above EPA tolerance or no tolerance for that particular food/pesticide combination) are found in domestic samples, FDA can invoke various sanctions, such as a seizure or injunction. For imports, shipments may be stopped at the port of entry when illegal residues are found. "Detention without physical examination" (previously called automatic detention) may be invoked for imports based on the finding of one violative shipment if there is reason to believe that the same situation will exist in future lots during the same shipping season for a specific shipper, grower, geographic area, or country.
Domestic and import food samples collected are classified as either "surveillance" or "compliance." Most samples collected by FDA are the surveillance type; that is, there is no prior knowledge or evidence that a specific food shipment contains illegal pesticide residues. Compliance samples are taken as follow-up to the finding of an illegal residue or when other evidence indicates that a pesticide residue problem may exist.
Factors considered by FDA in planning the types and numbers of samples to collect include review of recently generated state and FDA residue data, regional intelligence on pesticide use, dietary importance of the food, information on the amount of domestic food that enters interstate commerce and of imported food, chemical characteristics and toxicity of the pesticide, and production volume/pesticide usage patterns.
To analyze the large numbers of samples whose pesticide treatment history is usually unknown, FDA uses analytical methods capable of simultaneously determining a number of pesticide residues. These multiresidue methods (MRMs) can determine about half of the approximately 400 pesticides with EPA tolerances, and many others that have no tolerances. The most commonly used MRMs can also detect many metabolites, impurities, and alteration products of pesticides (2).
Single residue methods (SRMs) or selective MRMs are used to determine some pesticide residues in foods (2). An SRM usually determines one pesticide; a selective MRM measures a relatively small number of chemically related pesticides. These types of methods are usually more resource-intensive per residue. Therefore, they are much less cost effective than MRMs.
The lower limit of residue measurement in FDA's determination of a specific pesticide is usually well below tolerance levels, which generally range from 0.1 to 50 parts per million (ppm). Residues present at 0.01 ppm and above are usually measurable; however, for individual pesticides, this limit may range from 0.005 to 1 ppm. In this report, the term "trace" is used to indicate residues detected, but at levels below the limit of quantitation (LOQ).
Personnel in FDA field offices interact with their counterparts in many states to increase FDA's effectiveness in pesticide residue monitoring. In many cases, Memoranda of Understanding or more formal Partnership Agreements have been established between FDA and various state agencies. These agreements provide for more efficient monitoring by broadening coverage and eliminating duplication of effort, thereby maximizing federal and state resources allocated for pesticide activities. These arrangements vary from data sharing, joint planning, and state collection of samples for FDA examination, to FDA/State division of collection, analytical, and enforcement follow-up responsibilities for individual commodities or products of particular origin (i.e., imported vs. domestic products).
In addition to monitoring foods for human consumption, FDA also samples and analyzes domestic and imported feeds for pesticide residues. FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) directs this portion of the Agency's monitoring via its Feed Contaminants Compliance Program. Although animal feeds containing violative pesticide residues may present a potential hazard to a number of different categories of animals (e.g., laboratory animals, pets, wildlife, etc.), the major focus of CVM's monitoring is on feeds for livestock and poultry, animals that ultimately become, or produce, foods for human consumption.
FDA participates in several international agreements in an effort to minimize incidents of violative residues and remove trade barriers. A standing request for information from foreign governments on pesticides used on their food exported to the U.S. exists, a provision of the Pesticide Monitoring Improvements Act.
Under the auspices of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States, Mexico, and Canada have established a NAFTA Technical Working Group on Pesticides (TWG). The NAFTA Pesticide TWG now serves as the focal point for all pesticide issues that arise among the three NAFTA countries. The TWG reports directly to the NAFTA Sanitary and Phytosanitary Committee.
One of the major goals of the TWG is to ensure that pesticide registrations and tolerances/maximum residue limits in the three countries are harmonized to the extent practical, while strengthening protection of public health and the environment. A number of projects have been undertaken by the TWG to identify differing residue limits in the NAFTA countries and to determine what steps might be taken to harmonize the limits. While this is a difficult process, the TWG envisions eventual movement toward a "North America" pesticide registration and tolerance system so that citizens of all three countries can be assured of the safety and legality of foods produced in any one of the NAFTA countries. FDA's activities on the TWG complement its ongoing bilateral cooperation with its counterparts in Mexico and Canada.
Beyond the North American agreements, FDA continues to collaborate with New Zealand to implement a "residue compliance assurance program." New Zealand, historically having excellent compliance with U.S. pesticide tolerances, is implementing a plan whereby their government would provide assurances that selected commodities exported to the United States would be in full compliance with U.S. tolerances.
The Total Diet Study is the other major element of FDA's pesticide residue monitoring program (3). In its previous annual pesticide reports, FDA provided Total Diet Study findings for 1987-1997 (4a, 4b). More detailed information, including estimated dietary intakes of pesticide residues covering June 1984-April 1986 (5) and July 1986-April 1991 (6), has been published. In September 1991, FDA implemented revisions to the Total Diet Study that were formulated in 1990 (7). These revisions primarily consisted of collection and analysis of an updated and expanded number of food items, addition of six age/sex groups (for a total of 14), and revised analytical coverage. Details of that revision are published (8, 9).
In conducting the Total Diet Study, FDA personnel purchase foods from supermarkets or grocery stores four times per year, once from each of four geographic regions of the country. The 261 foods that comprise each market basket represent over 3500 different foods reported in USDA food consumption surveys; for example, apple pie represents all fruit pies and fruit pastries. Each collection is a composite of like foods purchased in three cities in a given region. The foods are prepared table-ready and then analyzed for pesticide residues (as well as radionuclides, industrial chemicals, toxic elements, trace and macro elements, vitamin B6, and folic acid). The levels of pesticides found are used in conjunction with USDA food consumption data to estimate the dietary intakes of the pesticide residues.
Results and Discussion
In 1998, 8594 samples (7457 surveillance and 1137 compliance) were analyzed under regulatory monitoring. Of these, 3625 were domestic and 4969 were imports.
Figure 1 shows the percentage of the 3597 domestic surveillance samples by commodity group with no residues found, nonviolative residues found, and violative residues found. (A violative residue is defined in this report as a residue which exceeds a tolerance or a residue at a level of regulatory significance for which no tolerance has been established in the sampled food.)
As in earlier years, fruits and vegetables accounted for the largest proportion of the commodities analyzed in 1998; those two commodity groups comprised 65.5% of the total number of domestic surveillance samples. In 1998, no violative residues were found in 99.2% of all domestic surveillance samples (99.1% in 1996, 98.8% in 1997).
Appendix A contains more detailed data on domestic surveillance monitoring findings by commodity, including the total number of samples analyzed, the percent samples with no residues found, and the percent violative samples. Of the 3597 domestic surveillance samples, 64.9% had no detectable residues and 0.8% had violative residues. In the largest commodity groups, fruits and vegetables, 41.5% and 70.9% of the samples, respectively, had no residues detected. 0.9% of the fruit samples and 1.4% of the vegetable samples contained violative residues (Figure 1). In the milk/dairy products/eggs group, 97.0% of the samples had no residues detected, and no violative residues were found. Eighty-eight samples of baby foods or formula were analyzed (see category Other) these included 34 vegetables, 32 fruits and juices, 18 cereals, and four samples of formula. None of the samples had violative residues.
Findings by commodity group for the 3860 import surveillance samples are shown in Figure 2. Fruits and vegetables accounted for 84.6% of these samples. Overall, no violative residues were found in 97.0% of the import surveillance samples (97.4% in 1996, 98.4% in 1997).
Appendix B contains detailed data on the import surveillance samples. Of the 3860 samples analyzed, 68.1% had no residues detected, and 3.0% had violative residues. Fruits and vegetables had 61.1 and 65.5%, respectively, with no residues detected. The fruit group and the vegetable group had 2.9 and 3.6%, respectively, with violative residues. No residues were found in 96.3% of the dairy products/eggs group and 96.4% of the fish/shellfish group, and no violative residues were found in either of those groups.
Pesticide monitoring data collected under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in 1998 are available to the public as a text file suitable for import into computer database or spreadsheet software. These data summarize FDA 1998 regulatory monitoring coverage and findings by country/commodity/pesticide combination. Monitoring data by individual sample from which the summary information was compiled are also available. Information on how to obtain these files, as well as databases for 19921997 is provided at the end of this report.
Domestic. In 1998, the 3597 domestic surveillance samples were collected from 48 states (no samples were collected from New Hampshire or Vermont) and from Puerto Rico. The largest numbers of samples were collected from those states that are the largest producers of fruits and vegetables. Table 1 lists numbers of domestic surveillance samples from each location, in order of descending numbers of samples.
Import. Samples representing food shipments from 94 countries were collected. (Origin of some additional samples was unspecified.) Table 2 lists numbers of samples (surveillance and compliance) collected from 43 countries from which more than 10 samples were collected, as well as the names of 51 additional countries from which 10 or fewer samples were collected. Mexico, as usual, was the source of the largest number of samples, reflecting the volume and diversity of commodities imported from that country, especially during the winter months.
In 1998, 28 domestic compliance samples were collected and analyzed (Table 3). Typically, compliance samples are collected when a pesticide residue problem is known or suspected, and so violation rates are expectedly higher than those for surveillance samples: in 1998, a 3.6% violation rate for domestic compliance samples was noted, compared to 0.8% for domestic surveillance samples.
1109 import compliance samples were also collected and analyzed, a large increase from previous years (119 in 1997 and 391 in 1996). This unexpected jump in numbers has caused suspicion about the designation of import samples as "compliance". Several operational changes implemented in 1998 may have caused misidentification of compliance samples, and the subject will be scrutinized by the agency. In the meantime, comparisons of violations between import surveillance and compliance samples are of questionable value and are not included here.
Table 4 lists the 354 pesticides (some of which represent multiple components) that were detectable by the methods used; each of the 94 pesticides that were actually found is indicated by an asterisk.
FDA conducts ongoing research to expand the pesticide coverage of its monitoring program. This research includes testing the behavior of new or previously untested pesticides through existing analytical methods, and development of new methods to cover pesticides that cannot be determined by methods currently used by FDA. The research encompasses both U.S.-registered pesticides and foreign-use pesticides that are not registered in the United States. The list of pesticides detectable for 1998 (Table 4) reflects the addition of a number of pesticides whose recovery through the analytical methods used was demonstrated as a result of ongoing research.
In FY 1998, 482 domestic and 60 import feed samples were collected for surveillance purposes and analyzed for pesticides by FDA. Of the 482 domestic surveillance samples, 293 (60.8%) contained no detectable pesticide residues and 8 (1.7%) contained residues which exceeded regulatory guidance (Table 5). Of the 60 import surveillance samples, 37 (61.7%) contained no detectable pesticide residues and 3 (5.0%) contained residues which exceeded regulatory guidance.
In the 189 domestic surveillance samples of feed in which one or more pesticides were detected, there were 295 residues (208 quantifiable and 87 trace). Malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and diazinon were the most frequently found and accounted for 64.1% of all residues detected (Table 6).
Nine pesticide residues exceeded regulatory guidance in eight domestic samples. Four pesticide residues exceeded a tolerance established by EPA: 2.67 ppm methoxychlor on milo, 0.096 ppm chlorpyrifos on meat meal, 1.40 ppm chlorpropham on animal fat, and 0.157 ppm diazinon on soybeans. Five pesticide residues were found on commodities for which no tolerance or action level as been established by EPA or FDA; three of these were chlorpyrifos-methyl: 0.021 ppm on peas, 0.028 ppm on corn, and 0.074 ppm on rape seed screenings. In addition, 0.037 ppm pirimiphos-methyl was reported on oats and 0.293 ppm lindane on soybeans.
Four pesticide residues exceeded regulatory guidance in three import samples from Canada. One sample of fish feed contained 194.0 ppm ethoxyquin, which exceeds all EPA established pesticide tolerances for this compound as well as the 150 ppm tolerance established for it as an anti-oxidant feed additive in a finished article. Three residues on two commodities, for which no EPA tolerances have been established, were also found: 0.016 ppm chlorpyrifos on canola fines, and 0.064 ppm chlorpyrifos and 1.43 ppm malathion on canola meal.
In summary, no residues were found in 64.9% of domestic surveillance and 68.1% of import surveillance samples (Figure 3 ), analyzed under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in 1998. Only 0.8% of domestic and 3.0% of import surveillance samples had residue levels that were violative. The findings for 1998 demonstrate that pesticide residue levels in foods are generally well below EPA tolerances, corroborating results presented in earlier reports (4a, 4b). Animal feed samples (482 domestic, 60 import) were analyzed. Over 60% of the domestic surveillance samples and 61.7% of the import surveillance samples contained no residues.
The Total Diet Study (TDS) is distinct from regulatory monitoring in that it determines pesticide residues in foods prepared for consumption (3). Of the nearly 200 chemicals that are validated for the analytical methods used, 104 individual residues were found in the foods analyzed in the four collections reported here (Market Baskets 97-3, 97-4, 98-1 and 98-2). Among these were 54 pesticides, including 14 which represent more than one related compound counted as a "total", 16 volatile organic compounds for which 72 TDS foods (per basket) are examined, and 10 other organic compounds. To measure the low levels of pesticides found in the TDS foods, the analytical methods used are modified to permit measurement at levels 5-10 times lower than those normally used in regulatory monitoring. In general, residues present at or above 1 part per billion can be measured.
Table 7 lists the 18 most frequently found residues (those found in >2% of the samples), the total number of findings, and the percent occurrence in the four market baskets analyzed in 1998 (1035 food items). The five most frequently observed chemicals, DDT, chlorpyrifos-methyl, malathion, endosulfan, and dieldrin, are the same as those observed for the past several years. The levels of these pesticides, as well as the others listed in Table 7 , were well below regulatory limits.
Information obtained through the TDS is used to estimate dietary intakes of pesticides; these intakes are then compared with established standards. Food consumption data to be used in estimating dietary intakes for the revised food list have only recently been finalized. Therefore, dietary intake information for the market baskets collected since 1991 will be reported separately.
For several years, FDA has collected and analyzed a number of baby foods in addition to those covered under TDS. This adjunct to TDS included 20-21 different food items in the four baskets represented here (12 fruit juices or fruits, 4 fruit desserts, 4 grain products, and 1 vegetable). Table 8 lists the 22 pesticide residues found in four collections of these foods (83 total samples) in 1998, the percentage occurrence, and ranges of levels found.
In 1998, the types of pesticide residues found and their frequency of occurrence in TDS were generally consistent with those given in previous FDA reports (4a, 4b). The pesticide residue levels found were well below regulatory standards. An adjunct survey of baby foods in 1991-1998 also provided evidence of only small amounts of pesticide residues in those foods.
Summary
A total of 8594 samples of domestically produced food and imported food from 94 countries was analyzed for pesticide residues in 1998. Of these, 7457 were surveillance samples, which are collected when there is no evidence of a pesticide problem. No residues were found in 64.9% of domestic surveillance and 68.1% of import surveillance samples.
FDA collected and analyzed animal feed samples (482 domestic, 60 import) for pesticides. 60.8% of the domestic surveillance samples and 61.7% of the import surveillance samples contained no residues.
Most of the Total Diet Study findings for 1998 were generally similar to those found in earlier periods; details of findings will be published separately. An adjunct survey of baby foods in 1991-1998 also provided evidence of only small amounts of pesticide residues in those foods.
This report was compiled through the efforts of the following FDA personnel: Bernadette M. McMahon, Mark S. Wirtz, and Marion Clower, Jr., (Division of Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals), Young H. Lee (Division of Programs and Enforcement Policy), Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages; Sharon A. Macuci (Division of Information Resources Management), Office of Management Systems, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC., Randall Lovell, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD, Sheila K. Egan and David Graham, Kansas City District, Lenexa, KS.
Files containing the data from which this report was derived are also available from FDA's World Wide Web site, at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov. Databases for 1996 and 1997 are available at the same site, as are reports for 19951997. FDA pesticide monitoring data collected under the regulatory monitoring approach in 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 are available for purchase on personal computer diskettes from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (telephone 703-487-4650); order numbers are: 1992, PB94-500899; 1993, PB94-501681; 1994, PB95-503132; and 1995, PB96-503156.
References
(1) Code of Federal Regulations (1996) Title 40, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Parts 180, 185, and 186.
(2) Pesticide Analytical Manual Volume I (3rd Ed., 1994 and subsequent revisions) and Volume II (1971 and subsequent revisions), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC (available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161).
(3) Pennington, J.A.T., Capar, S.G., Parfitt, C.H., & Edwards, C.W. (1996) History of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study (Part II), 1987-1993. J. AOAC Int. 79, 163-170.
(4a) Food and Drug Administration (1995) Food and Drug Administration pesticide program - residue monitoring - 1994. J. AOAC Int. 78, 117A-143A (and earlier reports in the series).
(4b) Food and Drug Administration (1996) Food and Drug Administration pesticide program - residue monitoring - 1995, 1996, 1997. Available from FDA's World Wide Web site at http://www.cfsan.fda.gov.
(5) Gunderson, E.L. (1995) Dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals: FDA Total Diet Study, June 1984-April 1986. J. AOAC Int. 78, 910-921.
(6) Gunderson, E.L. (1995) FDA Total Diet Study, July 1986-April 1991, dietary intakes of pesticides, selected elements, and other chemicals. J. AOAC Int. 78, 1353- 1363.
(7) Pennington, J.A.T. (1992) Total Diet Studies: the identification of core foods in the United States food supply. Food Addit. Contam. 9, 253-264.
(8) Pennington, J.A.T. (1992) The 1990 revision of the FDA Total Diet Study. J. Nutr. Educ. 24, 173-178.
(9) Pennington, J.A.T. (1992) Appendices for the 1990 revision of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study. PB92-176239/AS, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
Figure 2. Summary of Results of Import Surveillance Samples by
Commodity 
Figure 3. Summary of Results of Domestic vs. Import
Surveillance Samples 
|
CA |
516 |
ND |
29 |
|
|
WA |
398 |
UT |
28 |
|
|
FL |
352 |
SD |
27 |
|
|
LA |
201 |
NJ |
26 |
|
|
ID |
195 |
MS |
25 |
|
|
NY |
152 |
NM |
24 |
|
|
MO |
148 |
KY |
22 |
|
|
OR |
145 |
AR |
20 |
|
|
WI |
136 |
TN |
20 |
|
|
MN |
115 |
AL |
17 |
|
|
MI |
109 |
WY |
17 |
|
|
IL |
108 |
GA |
16 |
|
|
VA |
93 |
NC |
16 |
|
|
MT |
88 |
OK |
14 |
|
|
TX |
87 |
DE |
12 |
|
|
AZ |
58 |
SC |
11 |
|
|
OH |
47 |
AK |
10 |
|
|
PA |
45 |
HI |
10 |
|
|
IA |
44 |
NE |
5 |
|
|
MD |
40 |
CT |
2 |
|
|
IN |
39 |
NV |
2 |
|
|
CO |
32 |
WV |
2 |
|
|
KS |
31 |
ME |
1 |
|
|
MA |
30 |
RI |
1 |
|
a Other domestic samples: Puerto Rico, 31 samples.
|
Mexico |
1889 |
Taiwan, Republic of |
44 |
|
|
Chile |
361 |
Peru |
40 |
|
|
Netherlands (Holland) |
260 |
New Zealand |
35 |
|
|
Canada |
224 |
Philippines |
34 |
|
|
Guatemala |
175 |
South Africa |
34 |
|
|
China, Peoples Rep. |
146 |
Unspecified |
33 |
|
|
Thailand |
129 |
Indonesia |
28 |
|
|
Spain (inc. Canary Islands) |
127 |
Pakistan |
26 |
|
|
India |
107 |
Egypt |
25 |
|
|
Italy |
97 |
Korea, Rep. of (South Korea) |
25 |
|
|
Dominican Republic |
85 |
Brazil |
23 |
|
|
Ecuador |
82 |
Lebanon |
23 |
|
|
Turkey |
82 |
Hong Kong |
21 |
|
|
Colombia |
79 |
France |
20 |
|
|
Argentina |
62 |
Greece |
20 |
|
|
Costa Rica |
61 |
Japan |
20 |
|
|
Jamaica |
61 |
Poland |
20 |
|
|
Viet-Nam, Rep. Of |
50 |
Nicaragua |
17 |
|
|
Australia |
49 |
Panama |
14 |
|
|
Israel |
49 |
United Kingdom |
12 |
|
|
Belgium |
48 |
Denmark |
11 |
|
|
Honduras |
48 |
Germany, Federal Rep |
11 |
|
Algeria Austria Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belize Bhutan Bolivia Bulgaria Congo Dominica El Salvador Ethiopia Fiji French Polynesia Ghana Guyana Haiti Hungary Ivory Coast Kenya Korea, Dem. Peoples Macedonia Malawi Malaysia Morocco |
Mozambique Namibia (Southwest Africa) Netherlands Antilles Nigeria Norway Papua New Guinea Portugal (inc. Azores, Madeiras) Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovenia Sri Lanka (Ceylon) St. Lucia Sweden Switzerland Syria Tanzania Tonga Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia United Arab Emirates Uruguay U.S. Virgin Is. Venezuela Western Samoa Zambia |
|||
| a Surveillance plus compliance samples. | ||||
|
Commodity Group |
Total No. of Samples |
Samples without Residues, % |
Samples Violative, % |
| Grains and Grain Products |
3 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
| Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
5 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
| Fish/Shellfish |
4 |
25.0 |
0.0 |
| Fruits |
7 |
71.4 |
0.0 |
| Vegetables |
6 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
| Other |
3 |
66.7 |
33.3 |
| Total |
28 |
67.9 |
3.6 |
|
2,4-dichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine
2-methoxy-3,5,6-trichloropyridine (triclopyr metabolite) 3-chloro-5-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole 4(phenylamino)phenol* 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azapiro¬4.5|decane 6-benzyladenine acephate* acetochlor acrinathrin alachlor aldicarb* aldrin allethrin allidochlor alpha-cypermethrin ametryn aminocarb amitraz* anilazine* Aramite atrazine azinphos-ethyl azinphos-methyl* bendiocarb benfluralin benodanil benomyl/carbendazimc benoxacor bensulide benzoylprop-ethyl BHC* bifenox bifenthrin* binapacryl bitertanol* bromacil bromophos bromophos-ethyl bromopropylate bromuconazole bufencarb* Bulan bupirimate* butachlor butocarboxim butralin butylate cadusafos captafol* captan* carbaryl* carbofuran carbophenothion carbosulfan carboxin carfentrazone ethyl ester CGA 150829 (triasulfuron metabolite) CGA 171683 (primisulfuron-methyl metabolite) chlorbenside chlorbromuron chlorbufam chlordane* chlordecone chlordimeform chlorethoxyfos chlorfenapyr* chlorfenvinphos* chlorflurecol methyl ester chlorimuron ethyl ester chlornitrofen chlorobenzilate chloroneb chloropropylate chlorothalonil* chloroxuron chlorpropham* chlorpyrifos* chlorpyrifos-methyl* chlorthiophos clomazone coumaphos crotoxyphos crufomate cyanazine cyanofenphos cyanophos cycloate cycluron cyfluthrin cymoxanil cypermethrin* cyprazine cyproconazole cyprodinil DCPA* DDT* deltamethrin* demeton di-allate dialifor diazinon* dichlobenil dichlofenthion dichlofluanid dichlone dichlorvos diclobutrazol diclofop-methyl dicloran* dicofol* dicrotophos dieldrin* diethatyl-ethyl Dilan dimethachlor dimethametryn dimethipin dimethoate* dinitramine dinobuton dinocap dioxabenzofos dioxacarb dioxathion diphenamid diphenylamine* disulfoton diuron edifenphos endosulfan* endrin EPN* esfenvalerate* etaconazole ethalfluralin ethiofencarb ethion* ethofumesate ethoprop ethoxyquin* ethylenebisdithiocarbamates*d etridiazole etrimfos famphur fenamiphos fenarimol* fenbuconazole fenfuram fenitrothion fenobucarb fenoxaprop ethyl ester fenoxycarb fenpropathrin* fenpropimorph fenson fensulfothion fenthion* fenvalerate* fipronil flamprop-M-isopropyl flamprop-methyl fluazifop butyl ester fluchloralin flucythrinate fludioxinil flusilazole fluvalinate FOE 5043 (flufenacet) folpet* fonofos formothion fosthiazate fuberidazole furilazole Gardona heptachlor* heptenophos |
hexachlorobenzene*
hexaconazole hexazinone hexythiazox imazalil* imazamethabenz methyl ester iprobenfos iprodione* iprodione metabolite isomer* isazofos isocarbamid isofenphos isoprocarb isopropalin isoprothiolane isoxaben isoxaflutole lactofen lambda-cyhalothrin lenacil leptophos lindane* linuron* malathion* mecarbam mephosfolan merphos metalaxyl* metaldehyde* metasystox thiol metazachlor methabenzthiazuron methamidophos* methidathion* methiocarb methomyl* methoprotryne methoxychlor* metobromuron metolachlor metolcarb metribuzin mevinphos* MGK 264* mirex* molinate monocrotophos* monolinuron myclobutanil* N,N-diallyl-dichloroacetamide naled napropamide* neburon nitralin nitrapyrin nitrofen nitrofluorfen nitrothal-isopropyl norea norflurazon nuarimol octhilinone ofurace omethoate* ovex oxadiazon oxadixyl* oxamyl* oxydemeton-methyl oxyfluorfen oxythioquinox paclobutrazol parathion* parathion-methyl* PB-9 (pyridaben metabolite) penconazole pendimethalin permethrin* Perthane phenothrin phenthoate phenylphenol, ortho-* phorate* phosalone phosmet* phosphamidon phosphine* phoxim oxygen analog piperonyl butoxide* piperophos pirimicarb pirimiphos-ethyl pirimiphos-methyl* pretilachlor probenazole prochloraz procymidone* profenofos* profluralin Prolan promecarb prometryn pronamide* propachlor propanil propargite* propazine propetamphos propham propiconazole* propoxur prothiofos* prothoate pyracarbolid pyrazon pyrazophos pyrethrins pyridaphenthion pyrimethanil pyriproxyfen quinalphos quintozene* quizalofop ethyl ester ronnel S-bioallethrin schradan simazine simetryn Strobane sulfallate sulfotep* Sulphenone sulprofos TCMTB tebuconazole tebupirimfos tecnazene tefluthrin TEPP terbacil terbufos terbumeton terbuthylazine terbutryn tetradifon tetraiodoethylene tetrasul thiabendazole* thiazopyr thiobencarb thiodicarb thiometon thionazin thiram THPI* tolylfluanid toxaphene tralomethrin traloxydim tri-allate triadimefon* triadimenol* triazamate triazophos tribufos* trichlorfon tricyclazole tridiphane trietazine triflumizole trifluralin* triflusulfuron methyl ester trimethacarb vamidothion sulfone vernolate vinclozolin* XMC | ||||||
| a The list of pesticides detectable is
expressed in terms of the parent pesticide. However,
monitoring coverage and findings may have included metabolites, impurities, and alteration products. b Some of these pesticides are no longer
manufactured or registered for use in the United States.
| c The analytical methodology
determines carbendazim, which may result from use of benomyl or carbendazim. | d Such as maneb. | | ||||
Table 5.
Summary of 1998
Domestic
Surveillance Feed Samples
| Total # | Without residues | Exceeding Guidance | |||
| Type of Feed | Samples |
# |
% |
# |
% |
|
Whole/Ground Grains |
196 |
130 |
66.3 |
5 |
2.6 |
|
Mixed Feed Rations |
99 |
41 |
41.4 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
Animal By-products |
72 |
42 |
58.3 |
2 |
2.8 |
|
Plant By-products |
89 |
55 |
61.8 |
1 |
1.1 |
|
Hay & Hay Products |
26 |
25 |
96.2 |
0 |
0.0 |
|
Total |
482 |
293 |
60.8 |
8 |
1.7 |
Table 6.
Residues Found in
Domestic Feeds in 1998
|
|
No. of Samples with |
|
||
|
|
Trace |
Quantifiable |
Rangeb |
Medianb |
|
malathion |
18 |
78 |
0.010-3.180 |
0.095 |
|
chlorpyrifos-methyl |
20 |
43 |
0.012-0.732 |
0.052 |
|
diazinon |
6 |
24 |
0.009-0.309 |
0.033 |
|
tribufos (DEF) |
2 |
14 |
0.010-0.115 |
0.051 |
|
DDE, p,p'-, and DDT, p,p'- |
14 |
2 |
0.050-0.095 |
0.073 |
|
methoxychlor, p,p'-, and o,p'- |
2 |
10 |
0.020-2.738 |
0.082 |
|
pirimiphos-methyl |
2 |
9 |
0.013-3.666 |
0.490 |
|
chlorpyrifos |
6 |
4 |
0.035-0.280 |
0.082 |
|
ethion |
5 |
5 |
0.010-0.050 |
0.028 |
|
all othersc |
12 |
19 |
0.015-98.60d |
0.404 |
a Residue found is below that normally
quantifiable, but its presence and identity are known.
| b In samples containing quantifiable
levels.
| c Four reports each for iprodione and its
metabolite, and lindane; two each for dicofol, p,p'-,
| dieldrin, imazalil, myclobutanil, and parathion; one each for Aroclor 1254, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpropham, DCPA, endosulfan sulfate, ethoxyquin, Gardona, pentachlorophenyl methyl ester, terbufos, thiabendazole, tri-allate, and tributyl phosphate. d Residue of 98.6 ppm was ethoxyquin,
which is approved as a plant growth regulator by EPA, | with tolerances of up to 3 ppm (40 CFR 180.178). Ethoxyquin is also approved as an anti-oxidant feed additive at levels up to 150 ppm in a finished article (21 CFR 573.380). | ||||||||
Table 7.
Frequency of
Occurrence of Pesticide Residues
Found in Total
Diet Study Foods in 1998a
|
Pesticide b |
Total No. of Findings |
Occurrence, % |
|
DDT |
217 |
21 |
|
|
|
chlorpyrifos-methyl |
185 |
18 |
|
|
|
malathion |
156 |
15 |
|
|
|
endosulfan |
129 |
12 |
|
|
|
dieldrin |
107 |
10 |
|
|
|
chlorpyrifos |
89 |
9 |
|
|
|
iprodione |
53 |
5 |
|
|
|
chlorpropham |
49 |
5 |
|
|
|
permethrin |
49 |
5 |
|
|
|
carbarylc |
41 |
4 |
||
|
thiabendazoled |
37 |
4 |
|
|
|
methamidophos |
33 |
3 |
||
|
acephate |
29 |
3 |
|
|
|
dicloran |
26 |
3 |
|
|
|
BHC, alpha+beta+delta |
24 |
2 |
|
|
|
dimethoate |
23 |
2 |
|
|
|
pirimiphos-methyl |
21 |
2 |
|
|
|
toxaphene |
21 |
2 |
|
|
| a Based on 4 market baskets analyzed
in FY 1998 consisting of 1035 items. Only those found in >2% of the samples are shown. b Isomers,
metabolites, and related compounds are not listed separately; they are
| covered under the "parent" pesticide from which they arise. c Reflects overall incidence;
however only 94-96 selected foods per market basket
| (i.e., 378 items total) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamates d Reflects overall incidence; however only
65-67 selected foods per market basket
| (i.e., 263 items total) were analyzed for the benzimidazole fungicides thiabendazole and benomyl. |
Table 8.
Frequency of
Occurrence and Range of Levels
of Pesticide Residues Found in Selected Baby Foods in
1998a
|
Pesticideb |
Total No. of Findings |
Occurrence, % |
Range, ppm |
|
chlorpyrifos |
16 |
19 |
0.0004-0.005 |
|
endosulfan |
14 |
17 |
0.0004-0.0046 |
|
chlorpyrifos-methyl |
10 |
12 |
0.001-0.018 |
|
iprodione |
9 |
11 |
0.001-0.038 |
|
malathion |
8 |
10 |
0.003-0.023 |
|
dimethoate |
5 |
6 |
0.001-0.005 |
|
permethrin |
5 |
6 |
0.0017-0.023 |
|
carbarylc |
3 |
4 |
0.004-0.008 |
|
propiconazole |
3 |
4 |
0.023-0.048 |
|
thiabendazoled |
3 |
4 |
0.078-0.338 |
|
dieldrin |
2 |
2 |
0.0005-0.001 |
|
ethylenethioureae |
2 |
2 |
0.003-0.007 |
|
azinphos-methyl |
1 |
1 |
0.007 |
|
benomyld |
1 |
1 |
0.035 |
|
DDT |
1 |
1 |
0.0004 |
|
dicofol |
1 |
1 |
0.007 |
|
fenvalerate |
1 |
1 |
0.005 |
|
hexachlorobenzene |
1 |
1 |
0.001 |
|
methoxychlor |
1 |
1 |
0.001 |
|
parathion methyl |
1 |
1 |
0.004 |
|
phosmet |
1 |
1 |
0.012 |
|
toxaphene |
1 |
1 |
0.013 |
a Based on 4 collections analyzed in FY
1998 consisting of 83 items.
| b Isomers, metabolites, and related
compounds are not listed separately; they are
| covered under the "parent" pesticide from which they arise. c Reflects overall incidence;
however only 14-15 selected foods per survey
| (i.e., 59 items total) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamates. d Reflects overall incidence; however only 14
selected foods per survey
| (i.e., 56 items total) were analyzed for the benzimidazole fungicides (thiabendazole and benomyl). e Reflects overall incidence; however
only 12-13 selected foods per survey
| (i.e., 51 items total) were analyzed for ethylenethiourea. |
|
Commodity Group |
Total Samples |
Samples without Residues, % |
Samples Violativea, % |
# over tolerance |
# no tolerance |
|
A. Grains and Grain Products | |||||
|
Corn & corn products |
45 | 68.9 | 0.0 |
|
|
|
Oats & oat products |
28 |
92.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Rice & rice products |
74 |
90.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Soybeans & soybean products |
26 |
92.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Wheat & wheat products |
235 |
44.3 |
0.4 |
1b |
|
|
Other grains & grain products |
24 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Breakfast cereals |
30 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bakery products, crackers, etc. |
11 |
54.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Pasta and noodles |
6 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
479 |
63.3 |
0.2 |
|
|
|
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs | |||||
|
Cheese & cheese products |
59 |
94.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Eggs |
75 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Milk/cream & milk products |
201 |
96.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
335 |
97.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
C. Fish/Shellfish | |||||
|
Fish & Fish Products |
187 |
73.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Shellfish & Crustaceans |
71 |
91.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other Aquatic Animals & Products |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
260 |
78.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
D. Fruits | |||||
|
Blackberries |
4 |
25.0 |
75.0 |
|
3 |
|
Blueberries |
36 |
72.2 |
5.6 |
|
2 |
|
Cranberries |
10 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Grapes, raisins |
15 |
60.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Raspberries |
8 |
25.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Strawberries |
71 |
25.4 |
2.8 |
|
2 |
|
Other berries |
5 |
80.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Grapefruit |
35 |
14.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lemons |
7 |
42.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Limes |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Oranges |
119 |
31.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other citrus fruit |
20 |
25.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Apples |
219 |
31.1 |
0.5 |
|
1 |
|
Pears |
49 |
44.9 |
2.0 |
|
1 |
|
Apricots |
9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Avocadoes |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cherries |
35 |
17.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Nectarines |
19 |
21.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Olives |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peaches |
148 |
33.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Plums |
7 |
42.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bananas, plantains |
5 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Kiwi fruit |
4 |
75.0 |
25.0 |
|
1 |
|
Cantaloupe |
26 |
65.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Honeydew |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Watermelon |
31 |
90.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other melons |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Apple juice |
95 |
67.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Citrus juice |
42 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other fruit juices |
13 |
76.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Fruit jams/jellies/ |
28 |
39.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
1066 |
41.5 |
0.9 |
|
|
|
E. Vegetables | |||||
|
Corn |
107 |
97.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) |
45 |
93.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) |
92 |
67.4 |
1.1 |
|
1 |
|
Other beans & peas & products |
58 |
82.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cucumbers |
46 |
47.8 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Eggplant |
13 |
84.6 |
7.7 |
|
1 |
|
Okra |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Peppers, hot |
9 |
66.7 |
11.1 |
|
1 |
|
Peppers, sweet |
34 |
64.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Squash/pumpkins |
71 |
59.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Tomatoes |
93 |
55.9 |
2.1 |
|
2 |
|
Asparagus |
37 |
94.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage |
7 |
57.1 |
14.3 |
|
1 |
|
Broccoli |
13 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cabbage |
47 |
89.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Cauliflower |
16 |
87.5 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Celery |
22 |
31.8 |
4.5 |
|
1 |
|
Collards |
7 |
42.9 |
14.3 |
|
1 |
|
Endive |
2 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Kale |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lettuce, head |
39 |
53.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Lettuce, leaf |
31 |
41.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Mustard greens |
5 |
60.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Spinach |
22 |
50.0 |
4.5 |
|
1 |
|
Other leaf & stem vegetables |
25 |
92.0 |
4.0 |
|
1 |
|
Mushrooms & Truffles |
7 |
71.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Carrots |
133 |
51.9 |
1.5 |
1 |
1 |
|
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots |
23 |
95.7 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Potatoes |
141 |
67.4 |
3.5 |
|
5 |
|
Radishes |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Red beets |
5 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Sweet potatoes |
33 |
93.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Turnips |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other root & tuber vegetables |
8 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetables with sauce |
14 |
57.1 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetables, dried or paste |
58 |
81.0 |
1.7 |
1b |
|
|
Other vegetables/vegetable products |
18 |
88.9 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
1291 |
70.9 |
1.4 |
|
|
|
F. Other | |||||
|
Peanuts & peanut products |
13 |
69.2 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other nuts & nut products |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Edible seeds |
2 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetable oil, crude |
4 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Vegetable oil, refined |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Spices & condiments & flavors |
2 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Honey & other sweeteners |
52 |
90.4 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Baby foods/formula |
88 |
88.6 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Other food products, incl. prepared foods |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Total |
166 |
87.3 |
0.0 |
|
|
Total A-F |
3597 |
64.9 |
0.8 |
|
|
a Includes samples with residues over
tolerance or action level and samples with residues with no tolerance. | b Residue in sample exceeded an action level rather than a
tolerance.
| |
|
Commodity Group |
Total Samples |
Samples without Residues, % |
Samples Violativea, % |
# over tolerance |
# no tolerance |
|
A. Grains and Grain Products | |||||
|
Corn & corn products |
7 |
85.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Oats & oat products |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Rice & rice products |
50 |
86.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Soybeans & soybean products |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Wheat & wheat products |
5 |
40.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other grains & grain products |
7 |
85.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Breakfast cereals |
4 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Bakery products, crackers, etc. |
18 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Pasta and noodles |
51 |
80.4 |
0.0 |
||
|
Total |
144 |
84.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs | |||||
|
Cheese & cheese products |
22 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Eggs |
5 |
80.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Total |
27 |
96.3 |
0.0 |
||
|
C. Fish/Shellfish/ Other Aquatic Products |
|||||
|
Fish and Fish Products |
161 |
95.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Shellfish & Crustaceans |
32 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other Aquatic Animals & Products |
1 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Total |
194 |
96.4 |
0.0 |
||
|
D. Fruits | |||||
|
Blackberries |
45 |
55.6 |
2.2 |
1 |
|
|
Blueberries |
21 |
61.9 |
0.0 |
||
|
Cranberries |
4 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Grapes, raisins |
67 |
19.4 |
1.5 |
1 |
|
|
Raspberries |
42 |
33.3 |
2.4 |
1 |
|
|
Strawberries |
75 |
26.7 |
5.3 |
4 |
|
|
Other berries |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Clementines |
8 |
12.5 |
12.5 |
1 |
|
|
Grapefruit |
5 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Lemons |
10 |
40.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Limes |
12 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Oranges |
26 |
92.3 |
3.9 |
1 |
|
|
Other citrus fruit |
6 |
50.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Apples |
44 |
45.5 |
0.0 |
||
|
Pears |
40 |
45.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other pome fruit |
2 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
1 |
|
|
Apricots |
18 |
77.8 |
0.0 |
||
|
Avocadoes |
39 |
94.9 |
0.0 |
||
|
Cherries |
9 |
88.9 |
0.0 |
||
|
Dates |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Nectarines |
15 |
40.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Olives |
35 |
88.6 |
0.0 |
||
|
Peaches |
37 |
37.8 |
2.7 |
1 |
|
|
Plums |
34 |
23.5 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other pit fruit |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Bananas, plantains |
113 |
57.5 |
0.0 |
||
|
Guavas |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Kiwi fruit |
8 |
50.0 |
12.5 |
1 |
|
|
Mangoes |
45 |
91.1 |
0.0 |
||
|
Papaya |
46 |
76.1 |
6.5 |
3 |
|
|
Pineapple |
46 |
82.6 |
2.2 |
1 |
|
|
Other sub-tropical fruit |
31 |
77.4 |
9.7 |
3 |
|
|
Cantaloupe |
50 |
26.0 |
8.0 |
1 |
3 |
|
Honeydew |
30 |
16.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Watermelon |
20 |
70.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other melons |
17 |
41.2 |
47.1 |
8c |
|
|
Other fruits |
6 |
83.3 |
16.7 |
1 |
|
|
Apple juice |
48 |
93.8 |
2.1 |
1 |
|
|
Citrus juice |
13 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other fruit juices |
65 |
89.2 |
0.0 |
||
|
Fruit jams/jellies/pastes/toppings |
114 |
86.8 |
3.5 |
4 |
|
|
Total |
1257 |
61.1 |
2.9 |
||
|
E. Vegetables | |||||
|
Corn |
32 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Mung beans and bean sprouts |
10 |
80.0 |
10.0 |
1b |
|
|
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) |
67 |
76.1 |
9.0 |
6 |
|
|
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) |
103 |
41.8 |
9.7 |
1 |
9 |
|
Other beans & peas & products |
57 |
80.7 |
3.5 |
1b |
1 |
|
Cucumbers |
94 |
42.5 |
2.1 |
2 |
|
|
Eggplant |
42 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Okra |
17 |
70.6 |
5.9 |
1 |
|
|
Peppers, hot |
214 |
46.7 |
6.1 |
2 |
11 |
|
Peppers, sweet |
171 |
64.9 |
2.9 |
1 |
4 |
|
Squash/pumpkins |
148 |
50.7 |
4.0 |
6 |
|
|
Tomatoes |
310 |
68.1 |
1.0 |
3 |
|
|
Other fruiting vegetables |
39 |
69.2 |
12.8 |
5 |
|
|
Artichokes |
25 |
92.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Asparagus |
42 |
90.5 |
2.4 |
1 |
|
|
Bamboo shoots |
9 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage |
17 |
41.2 |
5.9 |
1 |
|
|
Broccoli |
36 |
61.1 |
0.0 |
||
|
Cabbage |
17 |
94.1 |
0.0 |
||
|
Cauliflower |
9 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Celery |
20 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Endive |
16 |
81.2 |
0.0 |
||
|
Kale |
8 |
37.5 |
25.0 |
2 |
|
|
Lettuce, head |
16 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Lettuce, leaf |
23 |
52.2 |
0.0 |
||
|
Mustard greens |
3 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
1 |
|
|
Radicchio |
10 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Spinach |
32 |
43.8 |
3.1 |
1 |
|
|
Other leaf & stem vegetables |
55 |
63.6 |
9.1 |
5 |
|
|
Mushrooms and Truffles |
46 |
97.8 |
0.0 |
||
|
Carrots |
29 |
82.8 |
0.0 |
||
|
Cassava |
10 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots |
50 |
74.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Potatoes |
21 |
81.0 |
19.1 |
4 |
|
|
Radishes |
9 |
33.3 |
0.0 |
||
|
Red beets |
5 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Sweet potatoes |
22 |
90.9 |
0.0 |
||
|
Turnips |
1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Water chestnuts |
12 |
91.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other root & tuber vegetables |
50 |
96.0 |
2.0 |
1 |
|
|
Vegetables with sauce |
8 |
75.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Vegetables, dried or paste |
57 |
79.0 |
3.5 |
2b |
|
|
Other vegetables/vegetable products |
48 |
72.9 |
2.1 |
1 |
|
|
Total |
2010 |
65.5 |
3.6 |
||
|
F. Other | |||||
|
Cashews |
34 |
85.3 |
0.0 |
||
|
Coconut & coconut products |
5 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Peanuts & peanut products |
43 |
97.7 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other nuts & nut products |
18 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Edible seeds |
20 |
80.0 |
20.0 |
4 |
|
|
Vegetable oil, refined |
7 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Spices & condiments & flavors |
25 |
80.0 |
8.0 |
2 |
|
|
Beverages & water |
10 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Beverage bases |
6 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
||
|
Coffee/tea/wine |
10 |
90.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Cocoa beans & chocolate products |
2 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Honey & other sweeteners |
33 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Baby foods/formula |
3 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Other food products, incl. prepared foods |
8 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
||
|
Nonfood items |
4 |
75.0 |
25.0 |
1 |
|
|
Total |
228 |
92.1 |
3.1 |
||
Total A-F |
3860 |
68.1 |
3.0 |
||
a Includes samples with residues over
tolerance or action level and samples with residues with no tolerance. | b Residue in sample exceeded an action level rather than a
tolerance.
| c Samples were bittermelon, a type of
squash rather than a fruit.
| |