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Expanding the Reach and Impact of
Consumer e-Health Tools

June 2006

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion logo

Table of Contents
Executive Summary (Stand-Alone)
Acknowledgments
Preface: A Vision of e-Health Benefits for All
Executive Summary
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Mapping Diversity to Understand Users’ Requirements for e-Health Tools
Chapter 3. Assessing the Evidence Base for e-Health Tools for Diverse Users
Chapter 4. Strategic Factors in Realizing the Potential of e-Health
Chapter 5. Partnerships for Meaningful Access
Conclusion
Appendix 1. Environmental Scan of 40 e-HealthTools
Appendix 2. Project Interviewees, Experts Consulted, and Reviewers
Appendix 3. Chapter 3 Literature Review Summary
Appendix 4. A Comparison of Internet Use and Health Status of Populations That Experience Health Disparities
References

< Back to Appendix 4 (Moderate/Vigorous Physical Activity)

Appendix 4. A Comparison of Internet Use and Health Status of Populations That Experience Health Disparities (Part 8)

7. Tobacco Use

7.1 Race and Ethnicity

American Indians/Alaska Natives have higher rates of cigarette smoking compared to other racial and ethnic groups (Figure 38) and also have low rates of Internet use, second to Blacks/African Americans (Figure 37).

Figure 37

Figure 37 depicts data for the following eight racial/ethnic groups: (1) American Indian/Native American, (2) Asian or Pacific Islander, (3) Black or African American, (4) White, (5) Hispanic or Latino, (6) Not Hispanic or Latino, (7) Not Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American, and (8) Not Hispanic or Latino, White. Figure 37 compares percentage of individuals from different racial and ethnic populations that go online to access the Internet/WWW or to send/receive email and shows that Not Hispanic or Latino Blacks or African Americans (46.4%), Blacks or African Americans (46.7%), American Indians/Native Americans (52.4%), and Hispanics or Latinos (58.0%), have lower rates of Internet use compared to Asians or Pacific Islanders (74.3%), Whites (60.5%), Not Hispanic or Latino Whites (60.5%), and Not Hispanics or Latinos (59.3%).d

Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project’s Daily Internet Tracking Survey,
2002–2003


Figure 38

Figure 38 depicts data for the following eight racial/ethnic groups: (1) American Indian/Native American, (2) Asian or Pacific Islander, (3) Black or African American, (4) White, (5) Hispanic or Latino, (6) Not Hispanic or Latino, (7) Not Hispanic or Latino, Black or African American, and (8) Not Hispanic or Latino, White. The figure d

Source: CDC Wonder. DATA2010…the Healthy People 2010 Database.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2004

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7.2 Gender

Large differences do not appear to exist between males and females in cigarette smoking (Figure 40). Similarly, differences in Internet use do not appear to differ largely between males and females (Figure 39).

Figure 39

Figure 39 compares percentage of individuals by gender who go online to access the Internet/WWW or to send/receive email and shows that more males (61.6%) use the Internet than females (56.7%).d

Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project's Daily Internet Tracking Survey,
2002-2003


Figure 40

Figure 40 compares cigarette smoking among adults age 18 and over by gender and shows that the rate of smoking is greater for males (25%) than females (21%).d

Source: CDC Wonder. DATA2010…the Healthy People 2010 Database.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2004

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7.3 Education Level

Those with less than a high school education have the highest level of cigarette smoking (Figure 42), but they have the lowest level of Internet use (Figure 41).

Figure 41

Figure 41 compares percentage of individuals by education level who go online to access the Internet/WWW or to send/receive email and shows that individuals with lower education levels (23.8% with less than high school and 46.5% high school graduate) have lower rates of Internet use compared to individuals with higher education levels (76.2% with at least some college).d

Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project's Daily Internet Tracking Survey,
2002-2003


Figure 42

Figure 42 compares smoking among adults age 18 and over by education level and shows that the rate of cigarette smoking is greater among individuals with less than a high school education (31%) than with at least some college (22%), or high school graduate (17%).d

Source: CDC Wonder. DATA2010…the Healthy People 2010 Database.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2004

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7.4 Family Income Level

Low-income populations have higher rates of cigarette smoking compared to middle- or high-income populations, yet Internet use is considerably lower for those with lower incomes when compared to those with higher incomes (Figures 43 and 44).

Figure 43

Figure 43 compares percentage of populations by family income level (2001) who go online to access the Internet/WWW or to send/receive email and shows that low-income populations (23.8% less than $20,000) use the Internet less than middle-income (46.5% $20,000 to under $40,000) or higher income populations (76.2% $40,000 or more).d

Source: Pew Internet & American Life Project's Daily Internet Tracking Survey,
2002-2003


Figure 44

Figure 44 compares smoking among adults age 18 and over by family income level and shows that the rate of smoking is greater among lower income populations (poor, 33% and near poor, 29%) than middle-/high-income populations (21%).d

Source: CDC Wonder. DATA2010…the Healthy People 2010 Database.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 2004
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