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Welcome to the OECD database on instruments used for environmental policy and natural resources management
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The last major changes to the database were made 26 March 2014. There are frequent updates to different parts of the information in the database.
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This database has been developed in co-operation between OECD and the European Environment Agency.
To the left you can find a list of queries that provide information on environmentally related taxes, fees and charges, tradable permit systems, deposit refund systems, environmentally motivated subsidies and voluntary approaches used in environmental policy
in OECD member countries, OECD accession countries, EEA member countries and countries otherwise co-operating with EEA, not being members of OECD. A number of other countries have also provided information to the database.
General information
The OECD maintains the Policy Instruments for the Environment (PINE) database, originally developed in co-operation with the European Environment Agency (EEA). The database contains detailed qualitative and quantitative information on environmentally related
taxes, fees and charges, tradable permits, deposit-refund systems, environmentally motivated subsidies and voluntary approaches used for environmental policy. This information covers both OECD and other 38 non-OECD countries.
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How to use the database?
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How to use the database?
Here you can find a link to the database’s user guide, which will include how to generate, modify and provide information about the various instruments.
Go to the list of predefined queries on the left and choose a query that is of interest by clicking on it.
The set of queries called "Environmental Domain" provides a list of environmental domains, issues or themes (water pollution, air pollution, climate change, etc.) to choose from. By selecting one of these domains, you can extract some general information on
all types of policy instruments contained in this database used in this area of environmental policy.
Once you have selected a domain of interest, you will be taken to a list of flags where you can choose to obtain information concerning one or more countries -- or group of countries -- by placing a "tick" next to the relevant flags. Once you have made a selection
of countries, click on the button "Web-page" below or above the flags, to obtain the information available. If you click on the button “Excel”, the results of the query will be exported to a Microsoft Excel file.
The remaining sets of queries provide more detailed information on each of the different instrument categories covered. In many cases, a given policy instrument (or "scheme") consists of several parts (or "sub-schemes"). For example, grants and soft loans under
a subsidy scheme would be separate sub-schemes. Likewise, if certain sectors are given "grandfathered" emission quotas under a tradable permits scheme, while other sectors have to buy their quotas, the permit scheme would be represented by (at least) two different
sub-schemes. For each type of instrument, the first query in the pop-up list will give the name of the instrument and provide information on the instrument as a whole, or on parts of the instruments, if there are several sub-schemes. This set of queries also
contains information on any explicit links between a given (part of an) instrument and other policy instruments - like between a subsidy scheme and a tax or charge that directly is financing the given subsidies.
Again, once you have selected a query of interest, you will be taken to a list of flags where you can choose to obtain information concerning one or more countries. Once you have made a selection of countries, click on the button "Web-page" below or above the
flags, to obtain the information available. If you click on the button “Excel”, the results of the query will be exported to a Microsoft Excel file.
For each type of instrument, there are also one or more additional queries that provide other types of information, for instance give information that apply to a specific year, or give details concerning the geographical and sectoral coverage, the types of
activities supported under a subsidy scheme, trade volumes under a tradable permits scheme, etc.
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Coverage and latest updates
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Coverage and latest updates.
This database has been developed over a number of years, involving experts in various ministers, such as ministries of finance, ministries of environment, etc. the ministers of finance and environment. Generally the information is more complete for taxes than
for other instruments, but coverage of the other instruments is improving. The information is in the process of being updated to be valid as of 01.01.2016. Average exchange rates for 2015 were used to calculate the tax rates expressed in Euro in the OECD countries.
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Some frequently asked questions about environmentally related taxes, fees and charges.
Sources of the information and contact persons.
Additional information
For an overview about OECD work in environmentally related taxation, consult the webpage http://www.oecd.org/env/tools-evaluation/environmentaltaxation.htm
For specific data on Environmentally related tax revenues, consult the relevant page of the OECD Statistical database.
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