An official website of the United States government.

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar.

This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. The https:// means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely.

Fencing and Livestock Exclusion

A wood fencing enclosure at Yellowstone National Park. Photo by N. Herbert.

"A Livestock Exclusion System means a system of permanent fencing (board, barbed, high tensile or electric wire) installed to exclude livestock from streams and critical areas not intended for grazing to improve water quality. Benefits may include reduced soil erosion, sedimentation, pathogen contamination and pollution from dissolved, particulate, and sediment-attached substances." From: Livestock Exclusion System (link is external).

Automated searches are run in the AGRICOLA, Navigator, PubAg, and Scopus databases to generate the lists of publications. There are benefits and limitations to receiving information this way. For more information please see our Frequently Asked Questions.

Disclaimer: The tools below are provided for information purposes only. The inclusion or omission of particular items or content does not imply endorsement or disapproval by USDA.

N.B. Citations and abstracts are available to all users while access to full-text documents and additional publications requires personal or institutional subscriptions.

General Searches: