Contents |
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Page last reviewed: 05/15/2007
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Highlights |
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- Small Entity Compliance Guide for the Final Rule for Cranes and Derricks in Construction. OSHA Publication 3433-05, (2011).
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Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction: Qualified Rigger
[45 KB PDF*, 1 page]. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2010, October).
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Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction: Signal Person Qualification
[45 KB PDF*, 1 page]. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2010, October).
- US Department of Labor's OSHA publishes final rule on cranes and derricks in construction. OSHA News Release, (2010, July 28)
- Federal Register [2 MB PDF*, 273 pages]. The Office of the Federal Register published the final rule on August 9, 2010. Effective date is Nov. 8, 2010.
- Cranes and Derricks in Construction Final Rule. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2010, July 28).
- Cranes and Derricks in Construction. OSHA. Issues rules on Cranes and Derricks in Construction to provide protection to workers.
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Crane, Derrick, and Hoist Safety
Moving large, heavy loads is crucial to today's
manufacturing and construction industries. Much technology has been developed
for these operations, including careful training and extensive workplace
precautions. There are significant safety issues to be considered, both for the
operators of the diverse "lifting" devices, and for workers in proximity to
them. This page is a starting point for finding information about these devices,
including elevators and conveyors, and their operation.
Crane, derrick, and hoist safety hazards are addressed in specific standards for the general industry, marine terminals, longshoring, gear certification, and the construction industry.
OSHA Standards
This section highlights OSHA standards, the Regulatory Agenda (a list of actions being taken with regard to OSHA standards), Federal Registers (rules, proposed rules, and notices), directives (instructions for compliance officers), and standard interpretations (official letters of interpretation of the standards) related to crane, derrick, and hoist safety.
Note: Twenty-five states,
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands have OSHA-approved State Plans and have adopted their
own standards and enforcement policies. For the most
part, these States adopt standards that are identical
to Federal OSHA. However, some States have adopted
different standards applicable to this topic or may
have different enforcement policies.
General Industry (29
CFR 1910)
Marine Terminals (29 CFR
1917)
Longshoring (29 CFR
1918)
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1918 Subpart F, Vessel's cargo handling gear
- 1918 Subpart
G, Cargo handling gear and equipment
other than ship's gear
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1918.62, Miscellaneous auxiliary gear
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1918.66, Cranes and derricks other than vessel's
gear
- 1918 Subpart
H, Handling cargo
- 1918 Subpart
I, General working conditions
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1918.98, Qualifications of machinery operators and
supervisory training
- 1918 Subpart
J, Personal protective equipment
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1918.105, Other protective measures
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Appendix I, Cargo gear register and
certificates (Non-mandatory)
Gear Certification (29
CFR 1919)
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1919.2, Definition of terms
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1919.12, Recordkeeping and related procedures
concerning records in custody of the vessel
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1919.15, Periodic tests, examinations and
inspections
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1919.16, Heat treatment
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1919.21, Marking and posting of safe working loads
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1919.24, Limitations on use of wire rope
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1919.28, Unit proof tests-cranes and gear accessory
thereto
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1919.73, Unit proof test and examination of derricks
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1919.75, Determination of crane or derrick safe
working loads and limitations in absence of manufacturer's
data
Construction Industry (29 CFR 1926)
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1926 Subpart K, Electrical
- 1926.406,
Specific purpose equipment and installations
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1926 Subpart N, Helicopters, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors
- 1926.550,
[Reserved], Redesignated 1926.1501 by new standard issued August 9, 2010, Federal Register, 75 FR 48134
- 1926.551,
Helicopters
- 1926.552,
Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators
- 1926.553,
Base-mounted drum hoists
- 1926.554,
Overhead hoists
- 1926.555,
Conveyors
- 1926.556,
Aerial lifts
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1926 Subpart V, Power transmission and distribution
- 1926.953,
Material handling. Regulations for crane and
hoist signaling will be found in applicable American National
Standards Institute standards.
Regulatory Agenda
Federal Registers
- Cranes and Derricks in Construction [2 MB PDF*, 273 pages]. Final Rule 75:47905-48177, (2010, August 9). The effective date of the final rule is Nov. 8, 2010.
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Safety Standards for Cranes and Derricks. Proposed Rules 69:27870, (2004,
May 17). OSHA announced that the Crane and Derrick Negotiated Rulemaking
Advisory Committee (C-DAC) extended the dates and times of the June meeting
in Phoenix, AZ. The meeting will be on June 1, 2, 3 and 4, 2004.
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Safety Standards for Cranes and Derricks. Meeting
69:22748-22749, (2004, April 27). OSHA announces a meeting
of the Crane and Derrick Negotiated Rulemaking Advisory
Committee on June 2, 3, and 4.
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Safety Standards for Cranes and Derricks. Meeting
69:12098, (2004, March 15). Notice of cancellation of
March 29, 30, and 31, 2004 Crane and Derrick Negotiated
Rulemaking Advisory Committee meeting.
- Safety
Standards for Cranes and Derricks. Notice 68:35172, (2003, June 12).
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Safety Standards for Cranes and Derricks. Notice
68:9036-9037, (2003, February 27). Links to a notice of proposed Negotiated Rulemaking
Committee membership; request for comments. Comments must
be received by March 31, 2003.
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Search all available Federal
Registers.
Directives
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Enforcement of Cargo Gear Regulations and the Requirements
for Gear Certification in the Maritime Program. CPL
02-01-039 [CPL 2-1.39], (2003, March 24). Provides
national, regional and area offices, interested industry
groups, and state and federal agencies guidance concerning OSHA's policy and procedures on the enforcement of gear
certification standards in the maritime industry.
- 29
CFR 1926.605(a)(1) as Applied
to Marine Construction. STD 03-13-002 [STD 3-13.2], (1982, July 15).
Discusses testing and certification of construction equipment used to handle
cargo.
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Interpretation of "Normal Operating Conditions" for
Overhead and Gantry Cranes, and Derricks. STD 03-12-004
[STD 3-12.4], (1982, February 8).
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Search all available directives.
Standard Interpretations
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A worm drive gearbox is not considered to be a holding brake.
(2005, November 15).
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Holding brake requirements on overhead cranes. (1996,
November 8).
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Interpretation of the overhead and gantry cranes standard.
(1996, September 26).
- The
use of crane or derrick suspended personnel platforms (CDSPP) during stack
and chimney erection. (1995, September 5).
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The new fall protection provisions of Subpart M and their
application to various types of aerial lifts. (1995,
March 27).
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PPM crane repairs. (1995, January 18). Repair of a
crane boom without manufacturer authorization.
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Crane overload tests must be performed according to the
manufacturers specifications and limitations. (1993,
November 10).
- Suspended
personnel platforms. (1993, February 17).
- Inspection
of cranes used at a construction site. (1993, February 1).
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Use of personnel platforms suspended from cranes and
derricks. (1992, March 3).
- Elevator
Hazards During Construction. (1992, February 25).
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Use of crane or derrick suspended personnel platforms.
(1992, February 18).
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Cardiovascular Stress and the use of Crane or Derrick
Suspended Personnel Platforms. (1992, February 18).
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Use of Cranes to Lift Personnel in Drilled Pier Operations.
(1992, January 28).
- Construction
crane certifications. (1981, August 18).
- Search all available standard
interpretations.
Hazards and Solutions
To a crane operator, few experiences may be as frightening
as when a crane becomes unbalanced while a load is being lifted or when the
crane collapses under the weight of an excessive load. The following references
aid in recognizing and evaluating hazards in the workplace.
- Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction: Qualified Rigger
[45 KB PDF*, 1 page]. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2010, October).
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Subpart CC – Cranes and Derricks in Construction: Signal Person Qualification
[45 KB PDF*, 1 page]. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2010, October).
- Construction. OSHA eTool. A
Spanish version is also available. Helps workers
identify and control the hazards that cause the most serious
construction-related injuries.
- Working Outdoors in Warm Climates [26 KB PDF*, 2 pages].
OSHA Fact Sheet, (2005, September).
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Construction Resource Manual: Table of Contents. OSHA. Includes links to various sections on crane and hoist
safety.
- Crane Safety Awareness For Site Superintendents. OSHA Video. Discusses some of the hazards and risks involved in crane operations and identifies information managers should be familiar with if cranes are operating on their site.
- DOE-STD-1090-2007; Hoisting and Rigging Standard (Formerly Hoisting and Rigging
Manual). US Department of Energy (DOE), (2007, August). Provides a table of contents to a reference document to be used by
supervisors, line managers, safety personnel, equipment operators, and any
other personnel responsible for safety of hoisting and rigging operations at
DOE sites.
- Wildfires. OSHA. Includes links to OSHA fact sheets & QuickCards, related Safety and Health Topics Pages, training programs, and other resources.
- Hurricane Preparedness and Response. OSHA. Includes information such as news releases, public service announcements, fact sheets, frequently asked questions, and more.
- For additional information, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Pages on:
OSHA Bulletins (SHIBs), (HIBs) and (TIBs)
- Hazards of Transporting, Unloading, Storing and Handling Granite, Marble and Stone Slabs. (2008, August 12).
- Overhead Launching Gantry Crane. (2006, May 1). Also available as a 79 KB PDF, 4 pages.
- Hazards of Manually Lifting Balloon Framed Walls. (2005, November 17). Also available as a 58 KB PDF, 3 pages.
- Hazards Associated with Transporting Granite and Marble Slabs. (2005, September 8). Also available as a 38 KB PDF, 3 pages.
- Key
Switch Controlled Elevating and Rotating Aerial Lifts. (2002,
April 11). Also available as a 15 KB PDF, 3 pages. Informs users of aerial lifts that emergency rescue
of employees on the lifts can be delayed.
- Retrofit of Boom Pin Retention Assembly on Digger Derricks and Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms. (1998, May 5).
- Improper Support of an Elevator Car During Installation. (1995, June 22). OSHA investigated
a fatality involving an elevator car sling and platform (these are
also known as platforms, car frames and platforms, car slings, car
frames, and safety planks) which was improperly supported during the
erection and installation of a traction elevator.
- Link-Belt Model LS-718 Crawler Crane. (1994, January 31).
- Crane Modifications.
(1993, April 19). Discusses hazardous conditions created as a result
of modifications for "auger piling" operations.
- Use of Improperly Sized Wedges and Sockets in Boom Anchor Systems. (1992, July 13).
- Use of Merrill-Chinbro Beam Clamps. (1989, March 1).
- Lorain Hydraulic Rough Terrain Cranes. (1985, November 8).
OSHA and the Crane, Hoist and Monorail Alliance
- Fact Sheet No. 1: Proper Inspection and Maintenance of Overhead Cranes and Hoists [47 KB PDF*, 1 page]. Describes standards, reference manuals
and safety tips for the application and operation of overhead material handling equipment. A Spanish version [47 KB PDF*, 1 page] is also available.
- Fact Sheet No. 2: Hoists, Cranes and Pullers - Safety & Warning Labels and Test Certification [45 KB PDF*, 1 page]. Identifies items that
operators and inspectors need to know when purchasing, installing or using hoist, crane
and puller equipment. A Spanish version [46 KB PDF*, 1 page] is also available.
- Safety Tips Sheet No. 1: Proper use of Hand Signals for cab-controlled cranes [76 KB PDF*, 1 page]. Includes nine industry standard hand signals that are used for communication between the operator in the crane’s cab and the floor person.
- Safety Tips Sheet No. 2: Pre-operational equipment check of Cranes and Hoists [37 KB PDF*, 1 page]. Includes a pre-operational equipment checklist for cranes and
hoists.
- Safety Tips Sheet No. 3: Safe Lifting Practices [45 KB PDF*, 1 page]. Describes safe
lifting practices for moving loads of material. A Spanish version [46 KB PDF*, 1 page] is also available.
- Safety Tips Sheet No. 4: Hoist Operation [36 KB PDF
*, 1 page]. Describes what an
operator should and should not do while operating a hoist.
Additional Information
Related Safety and Health Topics Pages
Training
Other Resources
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Safe Work Australia. Australian Government. Provides several publications related to crane and hoist
operations which can be found through the search page.
Accessibility Assistance: Contact the OSHA Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management at (202) 693-2300 for assistance accessing PDF materials.
*These files are provided for downloading.
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