A guide to literature examining environmental effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) conservation programs. Examples of programs covered are the Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality Incentives Program, Wetlands Reserve Program and Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program. The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of various environmental outcomes resulting from landowner participation in USDA conservation programs. This information is useful for assessing on-the-ground results of conservation programs from various environmental perspectives.