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American Veterinary Medical Association.
This 2020 report provides recommendations to give veterinarians guidance in relieving pain and suffering of animals that are to be euthanatized. (NOTE: This document updates the previous guidelines published in 2013 and 2007).
3Rs-Centre Utrecht Life Sciences.
A website with information on humane endpoints and related aspects in rodent experiments.
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).
A summary of statutory and regulatory provisions addressing the euthanasia of companion animals.
ILAR Journal.
This issue of the ILAR Journal (V41(2), 2000) presents articles discussing the use of humane endpoints in research using animals.
DHHS. NIH. Office of Animal Care and Use.
This document states that selection of appropriate endpoints requires careful consideration of the study's scientific requirements, possible pain, distress or illness the research animals may experience, the most likely time course and progression of those adverse effects, and the earliest most predictive indicators of present or impending adverse effects.
Canadian Council on Animal Care.
These guidelines define endpoints and discuss the joint responsibility of animal care committees with the investigator and the veterinary staff to ensure that the earliest endpoints consistent with producing reliable data are considered, identified and used.