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[22-Nov-20] Keeping the PACE with NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem Mission
[14-Aug-20] Actually It’s Phytoplankton! [6 episodes]
 Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
[17-Jul-20] PACE: Persistence and Perseverance Despite Pandemic
[16-Jul-20] Around Our Living Planet
 Credit: Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry 2020 Summer Webinar Series
[30-Jun-20] How Ocean Color Remote Sensing Contributes to Aquatic Biological and Biogeochemical Studies
Computer rendering of the OCI in operation. The OCI tilt will help avoid sun glint.
[27-Jun-20] OCI Tilt
[04-Jun-20] GSFC Clean Room VIEW ALL »
PACE enters its integration and testing phase of development. Credit: Michael Starobin (NASA)
[04-Jun-20] NASA Ocean Ecosystem Mission Ready to Make Waves
A diagram describing the mission architecture for PACE. Credit: NASA/PACE
[12-Feb-20] PACE Mission Architecture
 Credit: Andy Warner and Uta Passow (NSF)
[03-Oct-19] Phytoplankton and Climate
Kathleen McIntyre, PACE Deputy Project Manager, discusses NASA’s PACE mission. Credit: Kathleen McIntyre, PACE Deputy Project Manager
[20-Aug-19] Ocean-Atmosphere Understanding
 Credit: The Weather Channel
[20-Aug-19] Keeping Up the PACE with NASA
A brochure featuring PACE’s Ocean Color Instrument, the Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary Exploration (SPEXone), and the Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2).
[12-Aug-19] Ocean Color Instrument & Ocean Polarimeters
NASA ocean color scientists, Dr. Ivona Cetinić and Aimee Neeley, demonstrate a hands-on activity on the transmission, absorption, and scattering of different colors of visible light. Credit: NASA GSFC
[15-May-19] Beyond Blue: Why Ocean Color Really Matters Webinar 2
Project Scientist Dr. Jeremy Werdell and Mission Systems Engineer Gary Davis discuss why PACE is designed to look at the ocean, tiny airborne particles, and clouds together. Credit: NASA GSFC
[30-Apr-19] Beyond Blue: Why Ocean Color Really Matters Webinar 1
Hyperspectral measurements collected from orbit over <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Bermuda/@32.3192793,-64.8366121,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8a2d139e8668b0a5:0x3cdffdc72c99b8bc!8m2!3d32.3078!4d-64.7505">Bermuda</a> on August 17, 2013. The animation cycles through 128 channels - three at a time. The sliders on the right show which channels (represented by their central wavelength in nanometers) were used for the red, green, and blue components of each frame of the animation. Credit: Norman Kuring (NASA)
[09-Apr-19] The Coastal Ocean from a Hyperspectral Perspective
This animation depicts the colors we see (left) vs the colors PACE will see (right) as it loops through the wavelengths between 366 and 2247 nm. Credit: Andy Sayer (NASA)
[09-Apr-19] Colors PACE Will See
An overview of the PACE Mission provided by Jeremy Werdell, Project Scientist. Credit: NASA GSFC
[25-Mar-19] PACE Overview
This rendering shows a model of the PACE spacecraft as it orbits Earth. Credit: NASA GSFC
[05-Mar-19] PACE Spacecraft In Orbit Over Earth
A digital rendering shows the instruments and associated equipment that will be included on board the PACE spacecraft. Credit: NASA GSFC
[04-Mar-19] Beauty Shot of PACE Spacecraft
A digital rendering of the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosytem (PACE) spacecraft on a black background. Credit: NASA GSFC
[03-Mar-19] Rendering of the PACE Spacecraft
A digital rendering of the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosytem (PACE) spacecraft on a grey background. Credit: NASA GSFC
[02-Mar-19] Rendering of the PACE Spacecraft
A rendering of the PACE spacecraft, as seen from afar, produced by the NASA Scientific Visualization Studio. Credit: NASA GSFC
[01-Mar-19] PACE Spacecraft Approach
A digital rendering shows the instruments and associated equipment that will be included on board the PACE spacecraft. Credit: NASA
[13-Dec-18] PACE Spacecraft In Orbit Over Earth
 Credit: NASA
[13-Dec-18] Beauty Shot of the PACE Spacecraft
In this video, the PACE spacecraft is seen from afar, and then grows larger as the viewer is brought closer to the satellite. Credit: NASA
[13-Dec-18] PACE Spacecraft Approach
In this animation, a digital model of the PACE spacecraft is shown rotating on a blank background. Credit: NASA’s Conceptual Image Laboratory
[13-Dec-18] Rotating PACE Spacecraft
PACE in orbit. Credit: <a href="http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4700">NASA Scientific Visualization Studio</a>
[06-Dec-18] PACE Satellite in Orbit
[03-Dec-18] SOCON Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
This animation shows how the SSO-A Smallsat Express will deploy a record-breaking 64 satellites.
[01-Dec-18] SSO-A Smallsat Express Deployment
The SeaHawk CubeSat travels from Clyde Space Ltd in Glasgow, Scotland to the launch provider, Spaceflight Industries, in Seattle, WA. Credit: NASA GSFC
[14-Nov-18] SeaHawk → Seattle
PACE will provide key information on aerosols such as airborne dust, pollen, smoke and haze.  Credit: NASA GSFC
[02-Oct-18] Clouds & Aerosols Brochure
Joaquim Goes, Research Professor at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York City joins Hari Sreenivasan discuss invasive algal blooms on SciTech Now. Credit: PBS
[02-Oct-18] Invasive Algal Blooms Discussed on SciTech Now
PACE will provide the first-ever global measurements designed to identify the composition of communities of phytoplankton. Credit: NASA GSFC
[01-Oct-18] Phytoplankton & Life in Our Ocean Brochure
PACE will provide a combination of atmosphere and ocean observations to benefit society in the areas of water quality, human health, fisheries management, ecological forecasting, disaster impacts, and air quality. Credit: NASA GSFC
[30-Sep-18] Data Applications Brochure
Ocean color observations by PACE will assist fisheries management and toxic algae bloom response. Credit: NASA GSFC
[29-Sep-18] Economy & Society Brochure
The goal of EXPORTS is to track the fate of ocean carbon and study its implications for Earth’s carbon cycle. EXPORTS will use advanced ocean observing tools and satellite observations to build a more complete picture of these complex processes.
[23-Aug-18] EXPORTS Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
The EXPORTS research vessels set sail for the Twilight Zone (that area between 650 and 3300 feet below the surface) to study the fate and carbon cycle impacts of microscopic underwater organisms. Credit: Kathryn Mersmann (NASA GSFC)
[08-Aug-18] Setting Sail for the Twilight Zone
This montage of ocean color and other coastal observations was created by NASA for World Oceans Month 2018. Credit: NASA Ocean
[12-Jun-18] Colorful Coastlines: Coastal Images from NASA Satellites
Depiction of how ocean color, clouds and aerosols information will be collected by the PACE satellite. In-water and airborne instruments will be employed to validate PACE data. Calibration of satellite sensors will involve using the Sun, moon, and ocean buoys as reference sources. Credit: NASA GSFC
[10-May-18] PACE Data Collection Overview
A view of the HyperSAS radiometer in the bow during rough seas. The lenses of the radiometer must be cleaned periodically because of sea spray. Credit: Kirsten Carlson (SOI)
[10-May-18] A Wild Ride
Scientists will use several instruments and tools to gather and measure optical and biogeochemical particle data. Some will use light to measure qualities such as backscatter. Others will physically collect or filter water. Remote-sensing data will also be gathered. Credit: NASA GSFC
[10-May-18] Instruments and Tools
Global animation delineating the dominant type of phytoplankton in the ocean. Credit: The Darwin Project (MIT)
[08-May-18] Modeled Phytoplankton Distribution
This visualization follows sea salt, dust, and smoke from July 31 to November 1, 2017, to reveal how these particles are transported across the map. This visualization is a result of combining NASA satellite data with mathematical models that describe the underlying physical processes. Credit: NASA GSFC
[01-May-18] Hurricanes and Aerosols Simulation
Joel Scott, scientific programmer (left), and Gary Davis, spacecraft systems engineer (right), showcase cultures of phytoplankton for NASA Earth Day Celebration at Union Station in Washington D.C. Credit: NASA GSFC
[19-Apr-18] Phytoplankton at Earth Day
Visitors at the NASA Earth Day Celebration at Union Station (Washington D.C.) check out water with different optical properties while learning about PACE ocean color measurements. Credit: NASA GSFC
[19-Apr-18] Taking a Closer Look at Ocean Color
A view of the exhibits at the NASA Earth Day event on Thursday, April 19, 2018 at Union Station in Washington, D.C. Credit: Aubrey Gemignani (NASA)
[19-Apr-18] NASA Earth Day at Union Station
A visitor gives a high five after learning about phytoplankton at the PACE table at the Earth Day event at Union Station in Washington, D.C. Credit: Aubrey Gemignani (NASA)
[19-Apr-18] High Five for Phytoplankton
A family checks out a vial containing a culture of <em>Emiliana huxleyi</em>, a phytoplankton that plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Credit: Aubrey Gemignani (NASA)
[19-Apr-18] Meeting Phytoplankton
Dr. Jeremy Werdell, PACE Project Scientist, presents a hyperwall talk at the 2018 NASA Earth Day event at Union Station in Washington D.C. Credit: NASA PACE
[19-Apr-18] Satellites, Ships and Shoes
PACE Project Scientist Dr. Jeremy Werdell concludes a hyperwall talk that he presented for a public audience at the NASA Earth Day event in Washington, D.C. Credit: NASA PACE
[19-Apr-18] PACE Hyperwall Talk
With the OCI and polarimeters, PACE will measure an exceptionally broad range of wavelengths to reveal new details about our ocean and atmosphere. This e-brochure explains how PACE’s technology will be used to reveal ocean features through the atmosphere and clouds. Credit: NASA PACE
[16-Apr-18] The Air Down There
To reveal hidden details about our ocean and atmosphere, PACE will will measure light over a broader spectrum than today’s ocean color instruments. This e-brochure explains what "going hyperspectral" means, and the insights it can reveal about our ocean and atmosphere. Credit: NASA PACE
[16-Apr-18] Colorful World
PACE will help better identify phytoplankton communities from space. Its novel technology will keep a sharp eye on the health of our ocean. This e-brochure explains the ways PACE can differentiate between groups of plankton, based on the way they absorb, scatter or reflect light. Credit: NASA PACE
[16-Apr-18] Sea the Light
The Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary Exploration (SPEXone), pictured here, is one of two polarimeters planned for inclusion on PACE. SPEXone will be provided by the Netherlands and will be used primarily for the characterization of aerosols. Credit: © Airbus Defence and Space Netherlands & SRON Netherlands Institute
[12-Mar-18] SPEXone Polarimeter
The Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP-2) is one of two polarimeters on the PACE mission. HARP-2 (provided by the University of Maryland Baltimore County) will be used to determine cloud droplet size, ice particle shape and roughness. Credit: NASA
[12-Mar-18] HARP-2 Polarimeter
An annotated diagram of the PACE spacecraft and instruments, including the two polarimeters, HARP-2 and SPEXone. The primary instrument, the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) is located at top right and is depicted in silver. Credit: NASA GSFC
[12-Mar-18] PACE Instruments
The Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) is a highly advanced optical spectrometer and the primary sensor on PACE. Credit: NASA GSFC
[12-Mar-18] Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) Diagram
Members of the PACE Science Team pose for a photo at the 2018 Science Team Meeting, held at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute in Fort Pierce, FL. Credit: PACE Mission
[20-Feb-18] PACE Science Team
A graphic rendering of the PACE Observatory, with solar panels deployed. Credit: NASA GSFC
[13-Feb-18] PACE Observatory (1 of 2)
A graphic rendering of the PACE Observatory, with solar panels deployed. Credit: NASA GSFC
[13-Feb-18] PACE Observatory (2 of 2)
The PACE Observatory from above, with solar panels deployed. Credit: NASA GSFC
[13-Feb-18] PACE Observatory From Above (1 of 2)
The PACE Observatory from above, with solar panels deployed. Credit: NASA GSFC
[13-Feb-18] PACE Observatory From Above (2 of 2)
Gene Feldman and Compton Tucker and SVS data visualizer, Alex Kukesi show how the "Living Planet" visualization was created. Credit: NASA GSFC
[09-Feb-18] A Candid Look at NASA’s "Living Planet"
On a BBC news video, Dr. Jeremy Werdell is interviewed about a new NASA visualization featuring 20 years of ocean color data. Credit: Paul Blake (BBC)
[28-Nov-17] Dr. Werdell - Ocean Color Interview (BBC)
This data visualization represents 20 years worth of data taken by SeaStar/SeaWiFS, Aqua/MODIS, and Suomi NPP/VIIRS satellite sensors, showing the abundance of life both on land and in the sea. Credit: NASA GSFC
[17-Nov-17] Earth: Our Living Planet
In this video, PACE Project Scientist Dr. Jeremy Werdell comments on the new time-lapse of life on our entire planet over the last two decades, and discusses how NASA data are being used to study the health of ocean ecosystems. Credit: NASA GSFC
[17-Nov-17] Project Scientist Comments on New NASA Timelapse
This animation captures a decades-long view of life on Earth in a captivating few minutes. Credit: NASA GSFC
[14-Nov-17] Our Living Planet From Space
This data visualization shows the Earth’s biosphere from September 1997 through September 2017. It represents twenty years of data taken primarily by SeaStar/SeaWiFS, Aqua/MODIS, and Suomi NPP/VIIRS satellite sensors, and shows the abundance of life both on land and in the sea. Credit: NASA GSFC
[14-Nov-17] 20 Years of Global Biosphere
This video is part of a NASA Earth campaign focused on our Living Planet. Credit: NASA
[13-Nov-17] Changing Colors of Our Living Planet
Jars of phytoplankton cultures show their unique coloration in a lineup at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in Boothbay Maine. Credit: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
[10-Nov-17] A Rainbow of Plankton
[09-Nov-17] ACEPOL Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
NASA satellites collect vital data for research and can help keep an eye on tiny marine life from space. Credit: NASA GSFC
[03-Nov-17] Biodiversity
Aerosols are particles or droplets in the atmosphere. Their chemical and physical properties can have significant influences on climate and the energy budget of Earth. PACE will help monitor aerosols in the atmosphere. Credit: NASA GSFC
[03-Nov-17] Aerosols
NASA missions monitor the ocean from space to protect fisheries and human health. The detection of harmful algal blooms, like red tides, will help us avoid their negative impacts. Credit: NASA GSFC
[29-Oct-17] Harmful Algal Blooms
PACE will collect measurements in a number of areas that will contribute to fisheries management, which is vital for food security. Credit: NASA
[18-Oct-17] Fisheries Food Security
The PACE team at Goddard Space Flight Center - developing new ways to study life in the ocean. Credit: NASA
[22-Sep-17] The PACE team at Goddard Space Flight Center
Kirsten Carlson, a scientific illustrator, was the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s Artist-at-Sea during the "Sea to Space Particle Investigation. Her illustrations depict Pacific Ocean plankton between Honolulu and Portland. Credit: NASA PACE
[12-Sep-17] From Sea to Space
An annotated diagram of the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) - the primary instrument for the PACE Mission. Credit: NASA PACE
[01-Aug-17] Ocean Color Instrument Annotated Diagram
An illustration of the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). Credit: NASA PACE
[31-Jul-17] Ocean Color Instrument
PACE Project engineers at Goddard Space Flight Center work on the Focal Plane Assemblies for the main instrument and test an early development unit of the combined detector and front-end electronics. Credit: Ulrik Gliese (NASA GSFC)
[27-Jul-17] PACE Engineers Work on Focal Plane Assemblies
The team of engineers at Goddard Space Flight Center responsible for developing PACE instrument components. Credit: Ulrik Gliese (NASA GSFC)
[27-Jul-17] PACE Project Engineers
Diagram of the PACE observatory over Earth.
[10-Jul-17] PACE Observatory Diagram
This e-brochure, <i>A Climate Story: NASA Satellites Shed Light on the Delicate Balance Between Our Planet's Ocean & Atmosphere</i> provides a history of ocean remote sensing for climate and explores the relationship between aerosols, clouds, and the ocean. Credit: NASA PACE
[20-Jun-17] A Climate Story
Ocean color scientists Norman Kuring (left) and Lachlan McKinna (right) wade waist-deep into the Chesapeake Bay to measure the "Sneaker Depth" of the water - the depth where a pair of white sneakers can no longer be seen. Credit: NASA GSFC
[11-Jun-17] Ocean Color Scientists Participate in Wade In
Dr. Ivona Cetinić (right) shows participants at the annual sneaker depth measurement event information about ocean color. Credit: NASA GSFC
[11-Jun-17] Dr. Cetinić Explains Ocean Color
Ben Crooke (center), a 17-year-old NASA summer intern, helped derive Fowler’s Sneaker Depth. Crooke spent part of his summer analyzing Fowler’s data and satellite imagery to understand local trends in water clarity. Credit: NASA GSFC
[11-Jun-17] NASA Intern Leads the Way
Goddard oceanographer Lachlan McKinna speaks with Bernie Fowler, a retired state senator and creator of the "Sneaker Depth" measurement. Credit: NASA GSFC
[11-Jun-17] A 29-year Citizen Science Measurement Effort
Bernie Fowler leads a group of citizens and scientists into the Chesapeake Bay for an annual water quality measurement known as the "Sneaker Depth." Credit: NASA GSFC
[11-Jun-17] Fowler's Sneaker Depth Measurement
Illustration of the PACE observatory with solar panel (dark blue) deployed. In this perspective, the Ocean Color Instrument is located toward the bottom right. The S-band omni-directional command and telemetry antenna is pointing down (foreground). Credit: NASA PACE
[11-May-17] PACE Observatory Diagram (Deployed Solar Panel)
Illustration of the PACE Observatory with the solar panel stowed.
[11-May-17] PACE Observatory Diagram (Stowed Solar Panel)
PACE will be the first mission to provide measurements that enable prediction of the boom-bust of fisheries, the appearance of harmful algae, and other factors that affect commercial and recreational industries.
[10-May-17] PACE - Economy and Society
While orbiting Earth, PACE will not operate in a vacuum! This e-brochure, <em>PACE Synergy</em>, explores how PACE’s information will be used in conjunction with data collected by other missions. Credit: NASA PACE
[16-Mar-17] PACE Synergy
PACE will reveal new information about Earth. Credit: PACE Mission
[15-Mar-17] PACE - Observing Our Home Planet
The PACE mission will look "beyond the rainbow" to reveal new information about microscopic organisms known as phytoplankton. Credit: PACE Mission
[08-Mar-17] Seeing Earth the "Hyper" Way
The HyperPro radiometer is deployed off the R/V <em>Falkor</em>. Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute/Kirsten Carlson
[24-Feb-17] Deploying the HyperPro Radiometer
Retrieving the HyperPro radiometer. Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute/Kirsten Carlson
[24-Feb-17] HyperPro Radiometer Retrieval
[20-Feb-17] Sea 2 Space Particle Investigation Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
[20-Feb-17] CORAL Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
As the Sea to Space cruise wraps, take a look back at the wide-ranging specialties of the team as they discuss goals, highlights, and the challenges overcome. Credit: SOI
[19-Feb-17] Wrapping Up
Learn how the Sea to Space data will work with measurements taken from satellites to increase our understanding of fundamental processes important to life on Earth. Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
[13-Feb-17] Phytoplankton Up Close
Recovering samples and equipment in rough seas. Credit: SOI
[10-Feb-17] Equipment Recovery in Rolling Seas
Drawings, paintings, lasers and virtual reality: Take a tour of the instruments used on the Sea to Space Particle Investigation. Credit: SOI
[05-Feb-17] Drawings, Painting, and Lasers - Oh My!
Scientists lower a Wirewalker, an instrument designed to take numerous water-column measurements such as temperature, salinity, and oxygen. Credit: NASA Earth
[30-Jan-17] Wirewalker Deployment
An introduction to the Sea to Space expedition. Credit: SOI
[29-Jan-17] Introduction to Sea to Space
An introduction to phytoplankton and their important roles in Earth’s ecosystem. Credit: PACE Mission
[05-Jan-17] Phytoplankton Add Color to Our Ocean
A brochure featuring the PACE mission. Credit: NASA Ocean
[01-Dec-16] PACE Mission Brochure
Shareable graphic created for AGU. Credit: NASA
[01-Dec-16] Shareable Graphic Created for AGU
Observing ocean life from shore, to ship, to satellite. Credit: PACE Mission
[01-Dec-16] How Do We Sense Life in the Ocean?
Jeremy Werdell, oceanographer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, discusses the importance of microscopic plankton in the global carbon cycle. Credit: Goddard Media Studios. Music: Molecular by Mark Hawkins
[07-Nov-16] Carbon and Climate Soundbite
Shareable graphic created for Key Decision Point - A. Credit: NASA GSFC
[08-Sep-16] Shareable Graphic Created for Key Decision Point - A
Aimee Neeley demos the "Little Bits" ocean color activity. Credit: Bryan Franz (NASA/GSFC)
[27-Jul-16] Ocean Color Demo at NASA Goddard’s Science Jamboree
A diagram of the optical bench tilts on the proposed PACE Ocean Color Instrument. Credit: Gerhard Meister (NASA GSFC)
[06-Jul-16] PACE OCI Optical Bench Tilts
The internal design of the PACE Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). The instrument is designed to include two hyperspectral and six SWIR channels. Credit: Gerhard Meister (NASA GSFC)
[06-Jul-16] PACE Optical System Concept Approach
[06-Jun-16] KORUS-OC Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
[26-May-16] NAAMES Field Campaign VIEW ALL »
Preliminary draft diagrammatic representation of the PACE Ocean Color Instrument (OCI).
[02-May-16] Draft Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) Diagram
This video introduces the PACE Mission. Credit: NASA GSFC Scientific Visualization Studio
[23-Feb-16] PACE Mission Introduction
Logo for the PACE mission, which will study Earth's ocean ecosystems and their relationship to airborne particles and clouds. Credit: NASA
[22-Feb-16] PACE Logo and Decal
An 18-year continuous record shows variation in average chlorophyll-a concentrations (about 0.15 milligrams per cubic meter) between 40°N and 40°S latitude. Credit: Figure updated from Franz et al., State of the Climate in 2014, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
[02-Feb-16] Chlorophyll Time Series
NASA study shows diatom populations (phytoplankton) have declined more than 1% per year from 1998 to 2012. Credit: NASA Scientific Visualization Studio
[24-Sep-15] NASA Study Shows a Decline in Populations of Diatoms in the World's Oceans
Earth's oceans show a decline in microscopic plant life. Credit: Goddard Media Studios
[23-Sep-15] Earth's Oceans Show Decline in Microscopic Plant Life
Comparison of PACE spectral coverage with heritage U.S. ocean color sensors.
[30-Jun-15] PACE Spectral Coverage Compared to Heritage Sensors
Researchers find that populations of microscopic marine plants - phytoplankton - have decreased by 1% per year in the northern hemisphere. Credit: Goddard Media Studios
[12-Sep-14] Phytoplankton Levels Dropping
This video shows changes in chlorophyll (milligrams per cubic meter) over time based on data from NASA's Aqua/MODIS instrument. Credit: NASA
[03-Jan-12] Ocean Chlorophyll Concentration (2009-2012)
Particles affect how the atmosphere reflects and absorbs visible and infrared light. Higher Aerosol Optical Depth values indicate hazy conditions while low values correspond to clear skies.
[02-Jan-12] Global Monthly Aerosol Optical Depth (2000-2015)
Cloud Fraction maps show what fraction of an area was cloudy on average for each month. Colors range from blue (no clouds) to white (very cloudy).
[01-Jan-12] Global Monthly Cloud Fraction (2000-2015)
CALIPSO (foreground) and CloudSat (background) can be used to study the effects of clouds and aerosols on climate and weather. Credit: NASA
[09-Jan-07] CloudSat and CALIPSO
Image of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument. Credit: NASA
[08-Jan-07] VIIRS Instrument
The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) launched in 2012 onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP).
[07-Jan-07] Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)
MODIS instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua satellite in 2002.
[06-Jan-07] Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua
NASA's multi-instrument Terra satellite launched in 1999 carrying the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).
[05-Jan-07] Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra
SeaWiFS Instrument Credit: NASA
[05-Jan-07] SeaWiFS Instrument
The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) operated between 1997 and 2010, far exceeding its initial design of five years.
[04-Jan-07] Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)
An example polar-orbiting satellite with AVHRR. Credit: NASA
[03-Jan-07] An Example Polar-orbiting Satellite with AVHRR
An image of Landsat-4, which was launched in 1982. Credit: NASA
[02-Jan-07] Landsat-4
SeaSat (left) only operated for 110 days but served as a proof of concept for several types of ocean sensors, including those that monitor winds, currents, and sea level. Nimbus-7 (right) included the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), which proved that ocean color could be measured from space.
[01-Jan-07] SeaSat and Nimbus-7