Shorebirds

 Guidance and Best Practices for Evaluating and Managing Human Disturbances to Migrating Shorebirds on Coastal Lands in the Northeastern United States - Managers recognize human disturbance as a serious threat facing shorebirds throughout their annual cycle. Yet, most of the current research and management of human disturbance on shorebirds focuses on the breeding season. To address this gap, Virginia Tech and US Fish and Wildlife Service developed “Guidance and Best Practices for Addressing Human Disturbance to Shorebirds at Fall Migratory Stopover Sites” for the Northeastern U.S. Utilizing a transdisciplinary approach, integrating social, ecological, and stakeholder knowledge to create the document allowed for a more comprehensive set of guidelines, with the goal of wider utility for managers. The document includes: (1) a consensus definition of human disturbance to shorebirds, developed through manager and scientist input; (2) a review of the state of the ecological and social knowledge for 14 priority disturbance types that affect migratory shorebirds; and (3) a literature synthesis of metrics used to evaluate disturbance & disturbance thresholds 9 best practices to reduce disturbance field methods for evaluating shorebird disturbance at the site level.