An official website of the United States government.
National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research.
This provides a discussion on the approach for toxicological assessment of monoclonal antibody biosimilars.
Non-Animal Methods
University of Oxford, Computational Cardiovascular Science.
A Systems Medicine approach to the investigation of drug-induced effects on the human heart using computational modelling and simulation combined with experimental and clinical investigation.
University of Oxford, Computational Cardiovascular Science.
Computational modelling tools that fully analyze experimental and clinical findings that enables the investigation of cellular processes and cardiac arrhythmias.
Royal Society of Chemistry.
A summary of trends in development and adoption of in vitro alternatives to animal testing in pharmaceutical drug development.
AltTox.org; Non-animal Methods for Toxicity Testing
The aim of HeMiBio is to generate a liver-simulating device mimicking the complex structure and function of the human liver to substantially reduce the use of animals for toxicity testing.