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In 2012, as required by the Rail Safety Improvement Act (RSIA) of 2008, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) issued a rule for the certification of conductors to ensure that only people who meet minimum Federal safety standards serve as conductors, reduce the rate and number of accidents and incidents, and improve railroad safety. However, conductor errors have continued to cause accidents. For that reason—and because FRA recently proposed revising its regulations for certification of locomotive engineers in line with the rules for conductors—we are initiating an audit to assess FRA’s oversight of railroad conductor certification programs.