A geodetic datum or reference frame is an abstract coordinate system with a reference surface (such as sea level) that serves to provide known locations to begin surveys and create maps.
NGS defines the official geodetic datums for all federal mapping activities in the U.S. and its territories (see Table 1) as part of the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS). However, NGS will be defining “new datums” to replace these datums.
TABLE 1: Current Datums of the United States and Territories
A Terrestrial Reference frame provides a set of coordinates of some points located on the Earth's surface. NGS contributes to International bodies define globally consistent reference frames, and some other frames are used to define a national coordinate system or datum (see Table 2).
TABLE 2: International Reference Frames