Do You Need to File a Tax Return?

Do I Need to File a Tax Return?

You may not have to file a federal income tax return if your income is below a certain amount. But, you must file a tax return to claim a refundable tax credit or a refund for withheld income tax. Find out if you have to file a tax return.

Nonresidents Filing Tax Returns in the U.S.

If you are a nonresident living and earning money in the United States, you may be required to file a U.S. tax return.

Who Files

You will need to file a U.S. tax return depending on your:

Review this list of five situations to learn more about who must file.

How to File

You will need an individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) or Social Security number (SSN). The IRS will issue an ITIN if a foreign national is not eligible for an SSN for tax reporting purposes. Learn more about getting an ITIN for federal tax reporting.
You can use form 1040NR to file a tax return.
Review the specific filing requirements if you are a foreign exchange student or visiting scholar.
If you are on a J-1 visa working as an au pair, you may need to file estimated taxes using form 1040ES-NR.
If you can’t file your return by the due date, use form 4868.

More Tax Help for Nonresidents

Review the tax treaty information between the U.S. and your country. In some cases, your taxable amount may be lower.
If you are a foreign student, use this reference guide to learn more about the special rules that apply to your U.S. income including your liability for Social Security and Medicare taxes.
Learn more from the IRS's tax guide for individuals who aren't citizens.