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Financial Institution Crimes & Fines Database

The Financial Institution Crimes & Fines Database lists the 380 defendants that have been convicted of a crime or received a fine for violations of civil laws as a result of investigations by the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (SIGTARP). It also includes the 24 enforcement actions brought by the Justice Department, Securities & Exchange Commission and other regulators against financial institutions and other organizations as a result of SIGTARP investigations. [1] [2]

At SIGTARP, we proactively find crime using an analytical, experienced-based approach grounded in industry, financial, and human intelligence. Defendants in this database have been convicted of bank fraud, securities fraud, money laundering, mortgage fraud, conspiracy and other illegal activity. 300 defendants, including 76 bankers and 92 bank borrowers, have been sentenced to prison and more than $11 billion has been returned to the federal government, investors, homeowners, and other victims.

For more information, please read the database launch press release and related proposal, investigation case studies, and investigation press releases.

Edward Woodard
CEO, President, Chairman; Bank of the Commonwealth (Subsidiary)
Bank of the Commonwealth[4]
5/24/2013
Sentenced to 23 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.

As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities laws violations. Also banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust. FHFA suspended the defendant from Federal Home Loan Banking relationships.
Stephen Fields
Executive Vice President, Senior Commercial Loan Officer; Bank of the Commonwealth (Subsidiary)
Bank of the Commonwealth[4]
5/25/2013
Sentenced to 17 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.

As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities law violations. Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Mark A. Conner
Acting CEO, President, COO, Chairman, Vice Chairman; FirstCity Bank
FirstCity Bank[4]
10/21/2011
Sentenced to 12 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1623 False declarations before grand jury or court; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Gilbert Lundstrom
CEO, Chairman; TierOne Bank
TierOne Bank[4]
11/6/2015
Sentenced to 11 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1343 Wire Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.

Ordered to pay a civil penalty of $500,921 by the SEC as a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, and banned by a federal court from further securities laws violations.
Shawn Leo Portmann
Senior Vice President, Loan Officer; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
9/18/2012
Sentenced to 10 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust. FHFA Suspended the defendant from Federal Home Loan Banking relationships.
Sean Cutting
CEO, President, Director, Chief Lending Officer, Chief Administrative Officer; Sonoma Valley Bank
Sonoma Valley Bank
12/18/2017
Sentenced to 8 years 4 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee; 18 U.S.C. § 1007 False Statements to FDIC; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1343 Wire Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1957 Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from unlawful activity.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC and ordered to pay civil penalty of $10,000 for engaging or participating in violations, reckless unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Brian Melland
Chief Loan Officer, Senior Vice President; Sonoma Valley Bank
Sonoma Valley Bank
12/18/2017
Sentenced to 8 years 4 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee; 18 U.S.C. § 1007 False Statements to FDIC; 18 U.S.C. § 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1343 Wire Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1957 Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from unlawful activity.

Ordered to pay a civil penalty of $2,500 by the FDIC and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, reckless unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Ebrahim Shabudin
Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Credit Officer; United Commercial Bank
United Commercial Bank
3/25/2015
Sentenced to 8 years 1 month in prison. Convicted of violating 15 U.S.C. § 78 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty. Prohibited by a federal court from acting as an officer or director of any issuer that is required to file reports to the SEC and violating the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act, and ordered to pay a civil penalty of $175,000; the SEC brought the action.
Catherine Kissick
Senior Vice President, Assistant Treasurer; Colonial Bank
Colonial Bank[4]
3/2/2011
Sentenced to 8 years in prison and ordered to pay $500,622,007 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

As a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities laws violations. Also banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty. FHFA suspended the defendant from Federal Home Loan Banking relationships.
Troy Brandon Woodard
Vice President, Bank of the Commonwealth (Subsidiary)
Bank of the Commonwealth[4]
5/24/2013
Sentenced to 8 years in prison and ordered to pay $2,446,296.05 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Clayton A. Coe
Vice President, Senior Commercial Loan Officer; FirstCity Bank
FirstCity Bank[4]
6/26/2012
Sentenced to 7 years 3 months in prison and ordered to pay $19,628,913 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 26 U.S.C. § 7206 Fraud and false statements.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Gary Patton Hall, Jr
CEO, President; Tifton Banking Company
Tifton Banking Company
12/4/2015
Sentenced to 7 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Kirk Marsh
Vice President for Government Contract Lending; Virginia Commerce Bank
Vice President; Fulton Bank
Virginia Commerce BankFulton Bank
8/17/2017
Sentenced to 6 years 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1343 Wire Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1028 Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents and information.
David Gibson
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
5/3/2018
Sentenced to 6 years in prison and ordered to pay a $300,000 fine. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 1350 Failure of corporate officers to certify financial reports; 15 U.S.C. § 78 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Securities Fraud.
Robert V.A. Harra
President, Chief Operating Officer, Head of Regional Banking; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
5/3/2018
Sentenced to 6 years in prison and ordered to pay a $300,000 fine. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 15 U.S.C. § 78 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Securities Fraud.
Jerry J. Williams
CEO, President, Chairman; Orion Bank and Orion Bancorp, Inc.
Orion Bank[4]
2/3/2012
Sentenced to 6 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve for engaging in violations of law, unsafe and unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Adam Teague
Senior Vice President; Appalachian Community Bank
Appalachian Community Bank[4]
8/22/2012
Sentenced to 5 years 10 months in prison and ordered to pay $5,840,517.98 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil monetary penalty of $1,324,220 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating reckless unsafe or unsound banking practices and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Shaun Hayes
Director, Vice Chairman, Majority Shareholder; Investors Financial Corporation of Pettis County, Inc.
Consultant; Excel Bank
Excel Bank
1/3/2018
Sentenced to 5 years 8 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Anthony Atkins
CEO, President; GulfSouth Private Bank
GulfSouth Private Bank
3/10/2017
Sentenced to 5 years 3 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts; 18 U.S.C. § 1341 Mail Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Jeffrey Levine
Executive Vice President; Omni National Bank
Omni National Bank[4]
1/14/2010
Sentenced to 5 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the OCC for violations of law, engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breach of fiduciary duty.
William B. North
Chief Credit Officer; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
5/3/2018
Sentenced to 4 years 6 months in prison and ordered to pay a $100,000 fine. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 15 U.S.C. § 78 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Securities Fraud.
Richard Colbert
Attorney, Beach Community Bank
GulfSouth Private Bank
12/7/2016
Sentenced to 3 years 4 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee; 18 U.S.C. § 1957 Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from unlawful activity; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Robert E. Maloney, Jr.
In-house Counsel; FirstCity Bank
FirstCity Bank[4]
11/5/2012
Sentenced to 3 years 3 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
William R. Beamon, Jr.
Vice President; Appalachian Community Bank
Appalachian Community Bank[4]
12/19/2014
Sentenced to 3 years 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Kevyn N. Rakowski
Controller; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
5/3/2018
Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally; 15 U.S.C. § 78 Securities Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Securities Fraud.
Christopher Tumbaga
Loan Officer; Colorado East Bank & Trust
Colorado East Bank & Trust
3/24/2014
Sentenced to 3 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in unsafe and unsound banking practices and breaches of fiduciary duty.
James A. Laphen
Acting CEO, President, Chief Operating Officer; TierOne Bank
TierOne Bank[4]
12/8/2014
Sentenced to 2 years 10 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally.

As a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $225,000 and a prohibition from further securities laws violations.
Melvin Rohs
Senior Vice President, Senior Loan Officer; Citizens Bank of Northern California
Citizens Bank of Northern California
12/14/2010

Sentenced to 2 years 9 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in unsafe or unsound banking practices and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Charles Antonucci
CEO, President; The Park Avenue Bank
The Park Avenue Bank[4]
10/8/2010
Sentenced to 2 years 6 months in prison and ordered to pay $54,581,163 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 15 U.S.C. § 77 Unregistered Offer and Sale of Securities; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans; 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law and/or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Brian D. Bailey
Vice President, Loan Officer; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
8/4/2014
Sentenced to 2 years 6 months in prison and ordered to pay a $15,000 fine. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Jeff H. Bell
President; Transportation Alliance Bank Inc.,
Head of Factoring Division; Stearns Bank National Association
Stearns Bank
9/15/2015
Sentenced to 2 years 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.

Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil penalty of $100,000, and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions for engaging or participating in violations of law, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Thomas Hebble
Executive Vice President; Orion Bank
Orion Bank[4]
5/2/2011
Sentenced to 2 years 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve for engaging in violations of law, unsafe and unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Michael Erickson
Loan Officer; Southern Bank
Southern Bank
10/9/2018
Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.
Angel Guerzon
Senior Vice President; Orion Bank
Orion Bank[4]
5/2/2011
Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve for engaging in violations of law, unsafe and unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Reginald Harper
CEO, President, Loan Officer; First Community Bank
First Community Bank[4]
4/26/2012
Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
James Ladio
CEO, President; MidCoast Community Bank,
Chief Lending Officer; Artisan's Bank
Wilmington Trust Company
12/17/2013
Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1956 Laundering of monetary instruments.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law and/or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Vivian Tat
Branch Manager, Vice President; East West Bank
East West Bank
9/28/2018
Sentenced to 2 years in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h) Conspiracy to commit money laundering; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.
Joseph Tobin
Vice President, Loan Officer; PBI Bank
PBI Bank
2/3/2017
Sentenced to 2 years in prison and ordered to pay $185,001 in joint & several restitution; $2,101,095 forfeiture. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.
Don A. Langford
Chief Credit Officer, Senior Vice President; TierOne Bank
TierOne Bank[4]
9/9/2014
Sentenced to 1 year 9 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

As a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities laws violations.
Karim Lawrence
Vice President; Omni National Bank
Omni National Bank[4]
1/5/2011
Sentenced to 1 year 9 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the OCC for violations of law, engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breach of fiduciary duty.
Allen Reichman
Executive Director of Investments; Oppenheimer and Company
The Park Avenue Bank[4]
2/20/2015
Sentenced to 1 year 9 months in prison and ordered to pay $10,000,000 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from association with any FINRA member in any capacity by FINRA for failure to appear for testimony in a fraud investigation.
Joseph Terranova
Vice President, Loan Officer; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
5/8/2013
Sentenced to 1 year 9 months in prison and ordered to pay a $15,000 fine. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Ricky Hajdik
Loan Officer; Lone Star Bank
Lone Star Bank
11/14/2016
Sentenced to 1 year 8 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for unsafe or unsound banking practices.
Poppi Metaxas
Chief Executive Officer, President, Board Member; Gateway Bank
Gateway Bank[4]
4/30/2015
Sentenced to 1 year 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.
Paul Ryan
Loan Officer; Broadway Federal Bank
Broadway Federal Bank
7/7/2014
Sentenced to 1 year 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans.

Ordered to pay a civil penalty of $100,000 by the OTS and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the OTS for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound practices, and/or breach of fiduciary duty.
Michael "Sean" Davis
President; Premier Community Bank of the Emerald Coast
GulfSouth Private Bank
3/13/2015
Sentenced to 1 year 3 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h) Conspiracy to commit money laundering; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 1957 Engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from unlawful activity.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for unsafe and unsound banking practices and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Peter W. Hayes
Loan Officer; Wilmington Trust Company
Wilmington Trust Company
11/13/2014
Sentenced to 1 year 3 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans.
Brian Hartline
CEO, President; NOVA Financial Holdings, Inc.
CEO, President; NOVA Bank
NOVA Bank
4/27/2016
Sentenced to 1 year 2 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1031 Major Fraud against the United States; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Matthew L. Morris
Senior Vice President; The Park Avenue Bank
The Park Avenue Bank[4]
10/17/2013
Sentenced to 1 year and one day in prison and ordered to pay $49,126,476 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Jose Martins
Loan Officer; Wells Fargo Bank
Wells Fargo Bank
3/26/2014
Sentenced to 1 year in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.
Barry C. Bekkedam
Former Chairman; NOVA Bank,
Former Chairman; NOVA Financial Holdings, Inc.
NOVA Bank
4/27/2016
Sentenced to 11 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1031 Major Fraud against the United States; 18 U.S.C. § 1001 Statements or entries generally; 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Jeanette Salsi
Loan Underwriter; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
9/10/2012
Sentenced to 7 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Brian W. Harrison
Vice President, Loan Officer; Farmers Bank & Trust
Farmers Bank & Trust
3/23/2015
Sentenced to 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.
Phillip Allen Owen
Branch Manager; Superior Bank (Subsidiary)
Superior Bank
3/26/2014
Sentenced to 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.
Saundra Torrence a/k/a Saundra Scales
CEO, President; First Legacy Community Credit Union
First Legacy Community Credit Union
9/14/2018
Sentenced to 6 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1006 False Entries.
Samuel Cobb
Vice President; GulfSouth Private Bank
GulfSouth Private Bank
2/27/2017
Sentenced to 3 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud; 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts; 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Teresa Kelly
Operations Supervisor; Colonial Bank
Colonial Bank[4]
3/16/2011
Sentenced to 3 months in prison and ordered to pay $500,524,882 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

As a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities laws violations. Also banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty. .
Candice White
Senior Vice President; Front Range Bank
Front Range Bank
8/12/2015
Sentenced to 3 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.
Alice Lorraine Barney
Assistant to Shawn Portmann; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
8/5/2011
Sentenced to 2 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Rodney Dunn
Vice President; The Harbor Bank of Maryland
The Harbor Bank of Maryland
3/2/2017
Sentenced to 2 months in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 215 Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Sonja Lightfoot
Senior Vice President of Residential Lending; Pierce Commercial Bank
Pierce Commercial Bank
9/21/2012
Sentenced to 1 month in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust. Also ordered to surrender mortgage loan originator license by the State of Washington Department of Financial Institutions.
Sam Tuttle
Vice President, Loan Officer; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
2/27/2017
Sentenced to 1 day in prison, and 6 months home confinement. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.
Justin T. Brough
Senior Vice President; Bank of America
Bank of America
2/24/2015
Sentenced to time served in prison and ordered to pay $6,468,767 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the OCC.
Angela Crozier
Loan Processor; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
4/3/2017
Sentenced to time served in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Ordered to surrender mortgage loan originator license by the State of Washington Department of Financial Institutions.
Helene DeCillis
Chief Operating Officer; Lend America
Gateway Bank[4]
11/3/2011
Sentenced to time served in prison and ordered to pay $49,307,759.70 in joint and several restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of any consumer loan company for five years by the Washington Department of Financial Institutions for failing to file required annual reports and pay related fees.
Benjamin Leske
Loan Officer; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
5/19/2017
Sentenced to time served in prison, and 1 month home confinement. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.

Banned from participating in the affairs of any consumer loan company or mortgage broker by the State of Washington Department of Financial Institutions unless relicensed for making false statements on a loan application.
Craig Meyer
Vice President, Principal, Loan Officer; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
1/19/2017
Sentenced to time served in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.
Timothy Murphy
Executive Vice President; Excel Bank
Excel Bank
1/11/2018
Sentenced to time served in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulation, unsafe or unsound practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Robert Pennington
Vice President; Citizens First National Bank
Citizens First National Bank
3/22/2016
Sentenced to time served in prison and ordered to pay $55,000 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.

Ordered by the OCC to pay a civil monetary penalty of $5,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the OCC for engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices and breach of fiduciary duty.
Michael Primeau
President; Lend America, Gateway Bank
Gateway Bank[4]
6/30/2011
Sentenced to time served in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of any consumer loan company for five years by the Washington Department of Financial Institutions for failing to file required annual reports and pay related fees.
Ed Rounds
Loan Officer; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
3/23/2017
Sentenced to time served in prison. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.

Banned from participating in the affairs of any consumer loan company by the Washington Department of Financial Institutions and ordered to surrender mortgage loan originator license.
Michael W. Yancey
Senior Vice President; Farmers Bank & Trust, N.A.
Farmers Bank & Trust
6/25/2014
Sentenced to time served. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Jeremy Churchill
Vice President, Commercial Loan Officer; Bank of the Commonwealth
Bank of the Commonwealth[4]
5/9/2012
Sentenced to 1 year home confinement, and 5 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Lamar Cox
Chief Operating Officer, Board Member; Tennessee Commerce Bancorp, Inc.
Chief Operating Officer, Chief Administrative Officer, Interim Chief Financial Officer; Tennessee Commerce Bank
Tennessee Commerce Bank
4/21/2017
Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for unsafe or unsound banking practices. Sentencing vacated due to death.
Zulfikar Esmail
CEO, Chairman; Premier Bank
President, Chairman; Premier Bancorp, Inc.
Premier Bank
11/1/2016
Sentenced to 90 days of home confinement. Convicted of violating 720 ILCS 5/17-10.6(d) Loan Fraud Over $100,000.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, unsafe or unsound practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Shamim Esmail
Executive Vice President, Board Member, General Counsel, Secretary, Treasurer; Premier Bank
Board Member, Premier Bancorp, Inc.
Premier Bank
11/1/2016
Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, unsafe or unsound practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Carolyn Passey
Vice President; Transportation Alliance Bank, Inc.
Operations Manager; Stearns Bank National Association
Stearns Bank
8/17/2015
Sentenced to 2 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1005 False Bank entries, reports, and transactions.
Gary A. Rickenbach
Director; OneFinancial Corporation
Senior Executive Vice President; One Bank & Trust, N.A.
One Bank & Trust
11/23/2015
Sentenced to 2 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 4 Misprision of Felony.
Braxton Sadler
Senior Vice President, Senior Loan Officer; TN Bank
TN Bank
8/27/2014
Sentenced to 2 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 656 Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Michael Gesimondo
Collections Manager; Washington Mutual Bank
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
1/10/2014
Sentenced to 1 year probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law and/or regulation, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Robert A. Savitsky
Attorney
Gateway Bank, FSB[4]
3/27/2014
Sentenced to 3 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Matthew Daniel Sweet
Controller, Vice President; One Bank & Trust, N.A.
One Bank & Trust
1/7/2015
Sentenced to 6 months home confinement, and 1 year probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1956 Laundering of monetary instruments.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the OCC for violations of law and engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices.
Wilbur Tate III
Assistant Vice President; U.S. Bank National Association
U.S. Bank
11/22/2013
Sentenced to unconditional discharge. Ordered to pay $1,051,000 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Adam Voelker
Loan Processor; Pierce Commercial Bank (Subsidiary)
Pierce Commercial Bank
9/14/2012
Sentenced to 2 months home confinement, and 3 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to conviction of a crime involving dishonesty or breach of trust.
Darryl Woods
CEO, Chief Financial Officer, Chairman; Mainstreet Bank
President, Chairman; Calvert Financial Corporation
Main Street Bank
8/26/2013
Sentenced to 1 year home confinement, and 2 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1018 Official Certificates or Writings.

Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve for engaging in violations of law.
Thomas T. Yu
Vice President; United Commercial Bank
UCBH INC
10/7/2014
Sentenced to 5 years probation. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil monetary penalty of $25,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and/or breaches of fiduciary duty.

As a result of securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities laws violations.
Ataollah Aminpour
Chief Marketing Officer; Mirae Bank
Wilshire State Bank; Mirae Bank
12/4/2017
Sentenced to 5 years 10 months in prison and ordered to pay $7,519,084 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1014 Loan and credit applications generally, renewals and discounts.
Michael H. Ashley
Vice President, Chief Business Strategist; Lend America
Gateway Bank[4]
8/11/2011
Sentenced to 5 years in prison and ordered to pay $49,307,759.84 in restitution. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1344 Bank Fraud.
Frank Dinucci, Jr.
Vice President; Nomura Securities International, Inc.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
4/4/2017
Convicted, sentencing pending. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Michael Gramins
Vice President, Executive Director; Nomura Securities International, Inc.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
6/15/2017
Convicted, sentencing pending. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Matthew Katke
Managing Director, Trader; RBS Securities, Inc.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
3/11/2015
Convicted, sentencing pending. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Tae H. Kim
Relationship Manager; Citibank
Relationship Manager; Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB
Citibank WSFS Financial Corporation
8/7/2017

Sentenced to 1 year 6 months in prison and ordered to pay $2,459,150.97 in restitution.

Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud

Craig S. On
Chief Financial Officer; United Commercial Bank
United Commercial Bank
12/9/2014
Convicted, sentencing pending. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil penalty of $150,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, reckless unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty. Prohibited by a federal court from violating the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act, and ordered to pay a civil penalty of $150,000; the SEC brought the action.
Adam Siegel
Managing Director, Senior Trader; RBS Securities Inc.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
12/21/2015
Convicted, sentencing pending. Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Patricia Torres Zavala
Short Sales Specialist; Bank of America
Bank of America
10/17/2016

Sentenced to probation and ordered to pay $910,329.63 in restitution.

Convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

John Cinderey
Executive Vice President, Director; United Commercial Bank
United Commercial Bank
 
The Justice Department deferred prosecution for violating 18 U.S.C. § 1349 Conspiracy to Commit Fraud.

As a result of securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court prohibited further securities laws violations. Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil monetary penalty of $40,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty.
Chris Chiem Lee
Manager; United Commercial Bank
United Commercial Bank
 
The Justice Department deferred prosecution for violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.
Jeffrey Kuehr
Executive Vice President; Regions Bank
Regions Bank
 
As a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $70,000 and a prohibition from acting as an officer or director of any securities issuer for a period of five years from the date of the Order and from further securities laws violations. Banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve due to failure to provide accurate, complete, and relevant information to examiners. FHFA suspended the defendant from Federal Home Loan Banking relationships.
Kenneth D. Lewis
CEO; Bank of America
Bank of America
 
As a result of fraud charges by the State of New York, a state court ordered payment of $10,000,000, banned from participating in or working for any public company for three years, and banned from committing fraud under state law.
Thomas A. Neely, Jr.
Executive Vice President; Regions Bank
Regions Bank
 
Ordered to pay a civil monetary penalty of $100,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve for violations of law, engaging in unsafe and unsound practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty. Also ordered to pay a civil monetary penalty of $100,000 by the SEC and banned from further securities laws violations permanently and from acting as an officer or director of any securities issuer for five years from the date of the Order.
Joe L. Price
Chief Financial Officer; Bank of America
Bank of America
 
As a result of fraud charges by the State of New York, a state court ordered payment of $7,500,000, banned from participating in or working for any public company for eighteen months, and banned from committing fraud under state law.
Dale C. Ringgenberg
Chief Financial Officer; Anchor Bancorp Wisconsin
Anchor Bank
 
As a result of securities fraud charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $75,000 and a prohibition from further securities laws violations.
Cynthia A. Sabol
Chief Financial Officer; Bank of the Commonwealth
Bank of the Commonwealth[4]
 
As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered to pay a civil penalty of $55,000, prohibited further securities laws violations, and banned from acting for five years as an officer or director of any securities issuer. Also suspended from appearing or practicing before the SEC as an accountant for five years.
Michael J. Willoughby
Senior Executive Vice President, Chief Credit Officer; Regions Bank
Regions Bank
 
Ordered to pay a civil monetary penalty of $70,000 by the SEC and banned from further securities laws violations permanently, and from acting as an officer or director of any securities issuer for five years from the date of the Order. Also banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the Federal Reserve for violations of law, engaging in unsafe and unsound practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty. FHFA suspended the defendant from Federal Home Loan Banking relationships.
Thomas Wu
CEO; United Commercial Bank
United Commercial Bank
 
As a result of securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $525,000 and a prohibition from further securities laws violations.

Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil monetary penalty of $10,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law, unsafe or unsound banking practices, or breaches of fiduciary duty.
Tom M. Whitehead
Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President; One Bank & Trust, N.A.
One Bank & Trust
 


Charges dismissed. Charged with violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Ordered by the OCC to pay $100,000 in restitution and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions for engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices and breach of fiduciary duty.
Nicholas Michael Bonacci
Trader; Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
 
As a result of securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $100,000 and banned further securities laws violations; also barred from acting as an employee, officer, director of any securities issuer for one year from the date of the order.
Edwin Koon-Yu Chin
Senior Trader; Goldman Sachs & Co.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
 
As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil payments of $400,000 and banned further securities laws violations, also barred from association with any broker, dealer, investment adviser; or serving as an employee, officer, director of any securities issuer indefinitely, with a right to reapply after two years.
Benjamin Solomon
Supervisor, Deutsche Bank Securities
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
 
As a result of securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $165,000 and banned further securities laws violations; also barred from association with any broker, dealer, investment adviser for one year from the date of the order.
Yoon Seok Lee
Trader; Barclay's Capital Inc.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
 
As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $200,000 and a banned further securities laws violations; also barred from association with any broker, dealer, investment adviser for one year from the date of the order.
David F. Wong
Trader; Barclay's Capital Inc.
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
 
As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered a civil penalty of $125,000 and banned further securities laws violations; also barred from association with any broker, dealer, investment adviser for one year from the date of the order.
Kee Chan
Head Trader, NOMURA
Investment funds, including entities using TARP dollars to trade on behalf of the federal government
 
As a result of securities fraud and securities law violation charges by the SEC, a federal court ordered Chan to pay $62,723 in disgorgement, a $150,000 penalty, and banned further securities laws violations; barred from association with any broker, dealer, investment adviser; barred from participating in any offering of a penny stock, with the right to reapply after three years.
John J. Aesoph
Auditor, KPMG
TierOne Bank[4]
 
Aesoph consented to SEC's order finding that he engaged in improper professional conduct pursuant to Rule 102.
Darren M. Bennett
Auditor, KPMG
TierOne Bank[4]
 
Bennett consented to SEC's order finding that he engaged in improper professional conduct pursuant to Rule 102.
Lauren Tran
Vice President; United Commercial Bank
United Commercial Bank
6/5/2011
Guilty plea vacated due to cooperation. Charged with violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States.

Ordered by the FDIC to pay a civil monetary penalty of $50,000 and banned from participating in the affairs of financial institutions by the FDIC for engaging or participating in violations of law and/or regulations, unsafe or unsound banking practices, and breaches of fiduciary duty. The FDIC subsequently dismissed this ban and monetary penalty.

1 -- The criminal convictions, civil judgments, and enforcement actions in the database occurred as result of SIGTARP investigations. Criminal defendants were prosecuted by the Justice Department and, in a small number of cases, state attorney generals. Civil judgments and enforcement actions were brought by the Justice Department, federal and state regulatory agencies, and state attorney generals based on wrongdoing investigated by SIGTARP.

2 -- Information is drawn from multiple sources, including federal and state judiciary case management, and electronic case files; civil enforcement filings; court-ordered monitors' reports; and other law enforcement agency press releases. As of September 30, 2019.

3 -- SIGTARP investigates violations of the law by insiders or outsiders at public financial institutions where Treasury became a securities investor in exchange for a TARP capital investment. We investigate violations of the law by any participant in a TARP program, including for example, those involved in mortgage-backed securities markets. We previously investigated illegal activity by insiders of financial institutions who unsuccessfully sought Treasury's investment through TARP.

4 -- Applied for but did not receive TARP funds.