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What is Security Cooperation?
1. Security Cooperation (SC) is founded on a tradition of cooperation between the United States and other sovereign nations with similar values and interests in order to meet common defense goals. It consists of a group of programs authorized by the U.S. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act, as amended, and related statutes by which the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) or commercial contractor provide defense articles and services in furtherance of national policies and objectives.
Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and International Military Education and Training (IMET) are two key programs included within Security Cooperation. IMET is conducted solely on a grant basis. FMS can be conducted using cash or FMS Financing (FMF).
How Does FMS Operate?
2. FMS is managed and operated by DoD on a no-profit and no-loss basis. Countries participating in the program pay for defense articles and services at prices which recoup costs incurred by the United States. This includes a fee (two and one-half percent of item and service cost in most instances) to cover the cost of administering the program.
When defense articles or services are required, the requesting country's representative in the defense establishment of the country or stationed at the embassy in the U.S. provides a Letter of Request (LOR) to the representative's U.S. counterpart. The U.S. counterpart forwards an information copy of the request to the Department of State (DoS) Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs and the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA). The original is furnished to the DoD Military Department (MILDEP - Army, Navy, or Air Force) or Defense Agency which will prepare the response.
The response may be in the form of Price and Availability (P&A) information or a Letter of Offer and Acceptance (LOA). Due to a shorter preparation and staffing cycle, P&A is normally used only for preliminary planning purposes. The LOA is a formal offer which, when accepted, forms the basis for the U.S. to provide the materiel and services offered.
LOAs take three forms:
Defined Line. Certain articles and services can be provided only on Defined Line LOAs, which offer items at an individually estimated price and availability. The Defined Line LOA requires that the item or service be requested in an LOR, that an LOA be developed and implemented, and that normal contracting be completed prior to article or service delivery.
Blanket Order. Most repair parts and routine services can be offered under Blanket Order LOAs. These LOAs include a range of items or services up to a specific dollar value. Once established, the Blanket Order LOA requires only the processing of an order and contracting for the item or service, thus reducing the time needed for administrative processing.
Cooperative Logistics Supply Support Arrangement (CLSSA). Under the CLSSA, the purchaser owns a share of the U.S. logistics pipeline for support of specified end items. This allows supply of repair parts without waiting for completion of the procurement cycle. CLSSAs are normally establish-ed for countries with well developed logistics systems and with larger quantities of end items to be supported.
