On December 15, the National Institute on Drug Abuse announced new data from the annual Monitoring the Future study conducted by researchers at the University of Michigan. On December 16, a data processing error was found. This error misrepresented the scope of the decreases in daily or near-daily vaping of nicotine, marijuana, and just flavoring. NIDA’s materials were updated on December 17 to reflect the correct data.
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| Drug | Time Period | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
| Illicit Drugs | Lifetime | 18.2 | 18.7 | 20.4 | 21.3 | 34.3 | [36.3] | 37.5 | 37.3 | 48.9 | [47.8] | 47.4 | 46.6 |
| Past Year | 12.9 | 13.4 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 27.8 | [29.9] | 31.0 | 30.4 | 39.9 | [38.8] | 38.0 | 36.8 | |
| Past Month | 7.0 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 17.2 | [18.3] | 19.8 | 18.2 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 23.7 | 22.2 | |
| Alcohol | Lifetime | 23.1 | 23.5 | 24.5 | 25.6 | 42.2 | 42.2 | 43.1 | 46.4 | 61.5 | [58.5] | 58.5 | 61.5 |
| Past Year | 18.2 | 18.7 | 19.3 | 20.5 | 37.7 | 37.8 | 37.7 | 40.7 | 55.7 | [53.3] | 52.1 | 55.3 | |
| Past Month | 8.0 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 9.9 | 19.7 | [18.6] | 18.4 | 20.3 | 33.2 | [30.2] | 29.3 | 33.6 | |
| Daily | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | [1.7] | 2.7 | |
| 5+ Drinks/Row | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 16.6 | 13.8 | 14.4 | 16.8 | |
| Cigarettes (any use) | Lifetime | 9.4 | 9.1 | 10.0 | 11.5 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 14.2 | 13.9 | 26.6 | [23.8] | 22.3 | 24.0 |
| Past Month | [1.9] | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 9.7 | [7.6] | [5.7] | 7.5 | |
| Daily | [0.6] | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 3.6 | [2.4] | 3.1 | |
| 1/2-pack+/day | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | [0.1] | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | [0.9] | 1.4 | |
| Smokeless Tobacco | Lifetime | 6.2 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 9.3 | [11.0] | 10.1 | 9.8 | - |
| Past Month | [1.7] | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.5 | [4.9] | 4.2 | 3.5 | - | |
| Daily | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.1 | - | |
| Any Vaping | Lifetime | 18.5 | [21.5] | 24.3 | 24.1 | 30.9 | [36.9] | [41.0] | 41.0 | 35.8 | [42.5] | 45.6 | 47.2 |
| Past Year | 13.3 | [17.6] | 20.1 | 19.2 | 23.9 | [32.3] | 35.7 | 34.6 | 27.8 | [37.3] | 40.6 | 39.0 | |
| Past Month | 6.6 | [10.4] | 12.2 | 12.5 | 13.1 | [21.7] | [25.0] | 23.5 | 16.6 | [26.7] | [30.9] | 28.2 | |
| Vaping (Nicotine) | Lifetime | 10.6 | 13.5 | 20.3 | 22.7 | 21.4 | 28.6 | 36.3 | 38.7 | 25.0 | 34.0 | 40.8 | 44.3 |
| Past Year | 7.5 | 10.9 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 15.8 | 24.7 | 30.7 | 30.7 | 18.8 | 29.7 | 35.3 | 34.5 | |
| Past Month | 3.5 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 8.2 | 16.1 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 11.0 | 20.9 | 25.5 | 24.7 | |
| Daily | - | - | 2.0 | 2.0 | - | - | 6.8 | 5.6 | - | - | 11.6 | 8.6 | |
| Vaping (Marijuana) | Lifetime | 4.0 | 5.5 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 14.2 | 21.8 | 22.7 | 11.9 | 15.6 | 23.7 | [27.9] |
| Past Year | 3.0 | 4.4 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 12.4 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 9.5 | 13.1 | 20.8 | 22.1 | |
| Past Month | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 7.0 | 12.6 | 11.3 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 14.0 | 12.2 | |
| Daily | - | - | 0.8 | 0.7 | - | - | 3.0 | [1.7] | - | - | 3.5 | 2.5 | |
| Vaping (Just Flavoring) | Lifetime | 17.0 | 19.4 | 18.9 | 17.8 | 27.5 | 31.7 | 28.3 | 27.7 | 30.7 | 34.1 | 29.0 | 29.8 |
| Past Year | 11.8 | 15.1 | 14.7 | 12.3 | 19.3 | 24.7 | 20.8 | 18.4 | 20.6 | 25.7 | 20.3 | 16.6 | |
| Past Month | 5.3 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 9.2 | 13.1 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 13.5 | 10.7 | 8.4 | |
| Daily | - | - | 1.2 | [0.6] | - | - | 2.0 | 1.6 | - | - | 2.8 | 1.9 | |
| JUUL | Lifetime | - | - | 18.9 | 16.9 | - | - | 32.8 | 30.7 | - | - | 33.0 | 36.2 |
| Past Year | - | - | 14.7 | 11.7 | - | - | 28.7 | [20.0] | - | - | 28.4 | [22.7] | |
| Past Month | - | - | 8.5 | 6.3 | - | - | 18.5 | [12.3] | - | - | 20.8 | [12.9] | |
| Marijuana | Lifetime | 13.5 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 30.7 | [32.6] | 34.0 | 33.3 | 45.0 | [43.6] | 43.7 | 43.7 |
| Past Year | 10.1 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 25.5 | [27.5] | 28.8 | 28.0 | 37.1 | [35.9] | 35.7 | 35.2 | |
| Past Month | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 | [15.7] | 16.7 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 22.9 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 21.1 | |
| Daily | 0.8 | 0.7 | [1.3] | 1.1 | 2.9 | 3.4 | [4.8] | 4.4 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.9 | |
| Synthetic Marijuana (K2/Spice) | Past Year | [2.0] | 1.6 | [2.7] | [1.6] | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
| Over-the-Counter Cough/Cold Medicine | Past Year | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| Inhalants | Lifetime | [8.9] | 8.7 | 9.5 | [12.6] | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 4.9 | 4.4 | [5.3] | [3.8] |
| Past Year | [4.7] | 4.6 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.1 | |
| Past Month | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | |
| Amphetamine | Lifetime | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 7.3 |
| Past Year | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 5.5 | [4.5] | 4.3 | |
| Past Month | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | |
| Adderall | Past Year | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 5.5 | [4.6] | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| Ritalin | Past Year | [0.4] | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.7 |
| Methamphetamine | Lifetime | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.7 |
| Past Year | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.4 | |
| Past Month | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | |
| Hallucinogens | Lifetime | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.5 |
| Past Year | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 5.3 | |
| Past Month | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | [1.3] | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | |
| LSD | Lifetime | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | [3.6] | 3.8 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
| Past Year | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.9 | |
| Past Month | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | [1.1] | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | [1.4] | 1.4 | |
| MDMA | Lifetime | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | [3.2] | 2.6 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
| Past Year | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | |
| Past Month | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |
| Salvia | Past Year | [0.4] | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Cocaine | Lifetime | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
| Past Year | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.9 | |
| Past Month | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | [0.4] | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | |
| Crack Cocaine | Lifetime | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| Past Year | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | [0.2] | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.2 | |
| Past Month | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.4 | |
| Heroin | Lifetime | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Past Year | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |
| Past Month | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | [0.2] | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
| Narcotics other than Heroin | Lifetime | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Past Year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.2 | 3.4 | [2.7] | 2.1 | |
| Past Month | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | |
| OxyContin | Past Year | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | [1.0] | 2.7 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| Vicodin | Past Year | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | [2.0] | 1.7 | [1.1] | 1.2 |
| Ketamine | Past Year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 |
| Tranquilizers | Lifetime | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 7.0 |
| Past Year | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 4.7 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.2 | |
| Past Month | 0.7 | 0.9 | [1.2] | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | [0.7] | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | |
| Steroids | Lifetime | 1.1 | 1.1 | [1.5] | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | [1.6] | 1.7 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.0 |
| Past Year | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | |
| Past Month | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
Note: Data collection stopped prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Completed surveys represent about 25% of the size of a typical year’s data collection. However, results were gathered from a broad geographic range and were statistically weighted to be nationally representative.
* Data in brackets indicate statistically significant change from the previous year.
The use of any prescription drug includes use of any of the following: amphetamines, sedatives (barbiturates), narcotics other than heroin, or tranquilizers “…without a doctor telling you to use them.”
In 2017, the surveys switched from asking about vaping in general to asking separately about vaping nicotine, marijuana, and just flavoring. Beginning in 2017, data presented for Any Vaping are based on these new questions.