Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproduct Rule: Laboratory Quick Reference Guide, August 2010

United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
500ml
For additional information
on the Stage 1 or Stage 2
DBPR

Call the Safe Drinking
Water Hotline at 1-800-
426-4791; visit the EPA
Web site at http://water.
epa.gov/drink: or contact
your state or local primacy
agency's drinking water
representative.
Stage 1 and Stage 2 Disinfectants and
Disinfection Byproduct Rules:
Laboratory Quick Reference Guide
Overview of the Rul
Title*
Purpose
General
Description
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR) 63 FR 69390, December 16,
1998, Vol.63, No. 241

Revisions to the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), the Stage 1 Disinfectants
and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR), and Revisions to State Primacy Requirements to
Implement the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments
66 FR 3770, January 16, 2001, Vol. 66, No. 29

Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 2 DBPR) 71 FR 388, January 4, 2006,
Vol. 71, No. 2
Improve public health protection by reducing exposure to disinfection byproducts. Some disinfectants
and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been shown to cause cancer and reproductive effects in lab
animals and are suspected to cause bladder cancer and reproductive effects in humans.
The Stage 1 DBPR is the first of a staged set of rules that will reduce the allowable levels of DBPs in
drinking water. The new rule establishes seven new standards and a treatment technique of enhanced
coagulation or enhanced softening to further reduce DBP exposure. The rule is designed to limit capital
investments and avoid major shifts in disinfection technologies until additional information is available on
the occurrence and health effects of DBPs. The Stage 2 DBPR bases total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and
haloacetic acids (HAAS) compliance on a locational running annual average (LRAA) calculated at each
monitoring location.
"This document provides a summary of federal drinking water requirements; to ensure full compliance, please consult the federal
regulations at 40 CFR 141 and any approved state requirements.

Critical Deadlines and Requirements
January 1, 2002**
January 1 , 2004**
April 1 , 2009
Surface water systems and ground water systems under the direct influence of surface water
(GWUDI) serving > 10,000 people must comply with the Stage 1 DBPR requirements.
Surface water systems and GWUDI serving < 1 0,000, and all ground water systems must comply
with the Stage 1 DBPR requirements.
Systems that use ozone must qualify for reduced monitoring using a Bromate running annual
average (RAA) of less than or equal to 0.0025 mg/L. Systems can no longer qualify for reduced
monitoring using source water Bromide monitoring.
**This is the compliance date for TTHM/HAA5 running annual average (RAA) under Stage 1 DBPR. For compliance dates under Stage 2
DBPR see the Quick Reference Guides for the rule.
Routine Monitoring Requirements
Regulated
Contaminants/
Disinfectants
TTHM/HAA5
Bromate
Chlorite
Chlorine/Chloramines
Chlorine dioxide
DBP precursors (TOC/
Alkalinty/SUVA)
Requirement
Under the Stage 1 DBPR the monitoring frequency is based on the system's source water
type, number of persons served, and number of plants. Under Stage 2 DBPR, the monitoring
frequency is based on the system's source water type and number of persons served.
Systems may be required to monitor quarterly or yearly depending on system size.
Systems that disinfect their water using ozone must monitor for bromate monthly at the
entrance to the distribution system.
Systems that disinfect their water using chlorine dioxide must monitor for chlorite daily at the
entrance to the distribution system and monthly in the distribution system.
All systems must monitor for chlorine/chloramines at the same location and with the same
frequency as Total Coliform Rule sampling.
Systems that disinfect their water using chlorine dioxide must monitor for chlorine dioxide
daily at the entrance to the distribution system.
Systems that use conventional filtration systems must monitor monthly for total organic
carbon and alkalinity or the specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) alternative.
Laboratory Consideratioi
Obtain certification (or state approval) to perform new analyses.
Become familiar with new monitoring requirements.
Prepare for increased number of samples (e.g., storage, supplies, staff).
Schedule to accommodate large number of samples, holding times, and demands on instrumentation.
The table on the reverse is a brief summary of available methods. The entire list of methods may be found in 40 CFR
141, Subpart C.

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Routine Monitoring Requirements
Regulated
Contaminants/
Disinfectants
TTHM*(Sumof:
Chloroform
Bromodichlorom ethane
Dibromochlorom ethane
Bromoform)
HAAS * (Sum of:
Monochloroacetic acid
Dichloroaceticacid
Trichloroacetic acid
Monobromoacetic acid
Dibromoacetic acid)
Bromate *
Chlorite + (Daily at entrance
to distribution system)
Chlorite* (Monthly in
distribution system)
Chlorine +
Chloramines +
Chlorine Dioxide +
PH +
DBP Precursors + (TOG/
Alkalinity/SUVA)
MCL
(mg/L)
0.080
0.060
0.010
1.0
1.0




MRDL
(mg/L)





4.0 as CI2
4.0asCI2
0.8 as CIO2

Treatment Technique: Enhanced
coagulation/ enhanced softening
to improve removal of DBP
precursors for surface water
systems using conventional
filtration treatment or lime
softening
Analytical Method (s)
EPA 502.2
EPA 524.2
EPA 524.3
EPA 551.1
EPA 552.1
EPA 552.2
EPA 552.3
EPA 557
SM6251B
EPA300.1;ASTM D6581-00, 08 A, B
EPA 317.0, Rev. 2.0; EPA326.02
EPA 321. 8 2
EPA 302.0
EPA 557
SM 4500-CIO2 E
EPA 327.0, Rev. 1.1
EPA 300.0, Rev. 2.1; EPA300.1; ASTM D 6581-00, 08 A, B
EPA 317.0, Rev. 2.0; EPA326.0
EPA 300.0, Rev. 2.1; EPA 300.1; ASTM D 6581-00, 08 A, B
EPA 317.0, Rev. 2.0; EPA326.0
Free - SM 4500-CI D, F, G, H; EPA 334.0; ASTM D 1253-08
Total - SM 4500-CI D, E, F, G, I; EPA 334.0; ASTM D 1253-08
ChloroSense (Free & Total)
D99-003 (Free)
Total - SM 4500-CI D, E, F, G, I; ASTM D 1253-08; EPA
334.0; ChloroSense (Total)
Combined - SM 4500-CI D, F, G; ASTM D 1253-08
SM 4500-CIO2 D, E
EPA 327.0, Rev. 1.1
EPA 150.1; 150.2; SM4500-H+B; or ASTM 01293-95,99
SM5310B,C, D; EPA415.3for TOG or DOC portion of
SUVA
SM 5910 B; EPA 415.3 for UV254 portion of SUVA
ASTM D 1067-92,02 B; SM 2320 B; 1-1030-85 for alkalinity
Preservation/Quenching Agent
Ascorbic acid or sodium thiosulfate. Adjust to pH <2 with HCL
(dechlorinate before adding acid).
Ascorbic acid (if gases are included); otherwise, sodium thiosulfate.
Adjust to pH <2 with HCI (dechlorinate before adding acid).
If only TTHM analysis: sodium thiosulfate. If all VOCs included: use
maleic acid/ascorbic acid.
If only TTHM analysis: ammonium chloride. If full target list: sodium
sulfite.
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine
Ammonium chloride
None
Remove 1 ml sample from vial and replace with 1 ml citric acid/glycine
buffer.
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine
Ethylenediamine
None
None
None
None
Remove 1 ml sample from vial and replace with 1 ml citric acid/glycine
buffer.
None
Acidify TOG samples to pH < 2.
Filter DOC sample through 0.45 urn pore diameter filter as soon as
possible after collection (< 48 hours) and then acidify same as TOG.
Filter through 0.45 urn pore diameter filter as soon as possible after
collection (<48 hours).
None
Holding Time Sample/
Extract
14daysat4°C
48 hours at < 10°C, then 14 days at < 6°C
Samples: 14 days at 4°C. Extracts: 14 days
at<-10°C
Samples: 28 days at 4°C away from light.
Extracts: 48 hours at < 4°C
Samples: 14 days at 4°C away from light.
Extracts: 7 days at 4°C, or 14 days at <
-10°C
Samples: 14 days at < 6°C away from light.
Extracts: 21 days (MTBE extracts) or 28
days (TAME extracts) at < -10°C
48 hours at < 1 0°C, then 1 4 days at < 6°C
Samples: 14 days at 4°C. Extracts: 21 days
at-11°C
28 days
28 days at < 6°C
28 days
28 days < 6°C
48 hours at < 10°C, then 14 days at < 6°C
Immediately
Immediately; samples can be held up to 4
hours at < 10°C
14 days < 4°C
14days<6°C
14 days < 4°C
14days<6°C
Immediately
Immediately
Immediately
Immediately
Immediately; samples can be held up to 4
hours at < 10°C
Immediately
28 days stored at 4°C and protected from
light
< 48 hours stored at 4°C and protected
from light
14 days stored at 4°C and protected from
light
Sample Container
Size & Type1
40 - 120 ml glass w/Teflon-lined septum
40 - 60 ml glass w/Teflon-lined septum
60 ml glass w/Teflon-lined septum
> 100 ml amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
> 50 ml amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
> 50 ml amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
40 ml amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
40 - 60 ml glass vial w/Teflon-lined septum
> 30 ml plastic or glass
> 30 ml opaque plastic or glass
> 30 ml plastic or glass
> 20 ml plastic or glass
> 40 ml amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
> 500 m L plastic or glass
Sparge in 100+ ml beaker. Transfer to 16 ml
amber glass vial
> 30 ml opaque glass or plastic
> 30 ml opaque glass or plastic
> 30 ml opaque glass or plastic
> 30 ml opaque glass or plastic
> 500 ml amber glass
> 100 ml amber glass
> 500 ml amber glass
> 500 ml amber glass
16 ml amber glass vial
> 500 ml plastic or glass
> 1 00 m L amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
> 1 00 m L amber glass w/Teflon-lined septum
> 200 ml plastic or glass
1 - Note the sample volumes specified in this table are estimates. The a
2 - Starting April 1 , 2009, systems must use one of these methods to qu
ctual sample container volumes should be specified by the laboratory(s) performing the analyses.
alify for reduced bromate monitoring.
i- - Indicates the analysis
          *- Indicates th>
must be performed by a party approved by the state.
  laboratory must be certified to analyze the sample.

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