vxEPA
United States
Environ-mental Protection
Agency
FACTOIDS:
Drinking Water
and Ground
Water Statistics
for 2008
-------
Office of Water (4606M)
EPA816-K-08-004
December 2008
-------
There are approximately 155,000 public drinking water systems in the United States. Each of these
systems regularly supplies drinking water to at least 25 people or 15 service connections. Beyond
their common purpose, the 155,000 systems vary widely. The following tables group water systems
into categories that show their similarities and differences. For example, the first table shows that
most people in the US (292 milion) get their water from a community water system. There are
approximately 52,000 community water systems, but just eight percent of those systems (4,132)
serve 82 percent of the people. The second table shows that more water systems have ground
water than surface water as a source-but more people drink from a surface water system. Other
tables break down these national numbers by state, territory, and EPA region.
This package also contains figures on the types and locations of underground injection control
wells. EPA and states regulate the placement and operation of these wells to ensure that they do
not threaten underground sources of drinking water. The underground injection control program
statistics are based on separate reporting from the states to EPA.
The drinking water system statistics on the following pages are taken from the Safe Drinking Water
Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/Fed). SDWIS/Fed is the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's official record of public drinking water systems, their violations of state and
EPA regulations, and enforcement actions taken by EPA or states as a result of those violations.
EPA maintains the database using information collected and submitted by the states.
Notice: Compliance statistics are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this
system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data. An analysis of
SDWIS/Fed data quality is available atwww.epa.gov/safewater/data/reports.html
For more information and additional drinking water data tables, please visit
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/data/getdata.html.
Acronyms & Abbeviations:
CWS: Community Water System
FY: (federal) Fiscal Year [October 1-September 30]
GPRA: Government Performance and Results Act-program measures
M/R: Monitoring/Reporting violation [water system's failure to monitor for, or report to the state, the
level of a contaminant on the required schedule]
MCL: Maximum Contaminant Level [the legal limit on a contaminant in drinking water
MRDL: Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level [for disinfectants added to drinking water]
NTNCWS: Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
Other: Other violations of EPA rules (including failure to provide public notice of another violation,
or failure to prepare and/or distribute a Consumer Confidence Report)
Pop. Served: Population served (by a water system)
PWS: Public Water System
PWSS: Public Water System Supervision program
SDWIS/FED: Safe Drinking Water System/Federal version
TNCWS: Transient Non-Community Water System
TT: Treatment Technique [a drinking water treatment required by EPA or state rules^
-------
FY2008 Drinking Water Factoids
Public Water System Inventory data
Active, current systems, from Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal version (SDWIS/FED) 08Q3 frozen inventory table
System size
by population served
Very Small
500 or less
Small
501-3,300
Medium
3,301-10,000
Large
10,001-100,000
Very Large
>100,000
Total
cws
NTNCWS
TNCWS
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
29,160 13,858 4,838 3,728 404
4,857,104 19,868,795 28,134,557 106,310,834 133,128,786
56% 27% 9% 7% 1%
2% 7% 10% 36% 46%
15,954 2,641 130 16 1
2,234,688 2,701,807 702,369 412,160 203,000
85% 14% 1% 0% 0%
36% 43% 11% 7% 3%
81,324 2,705 101 17 2
7,197,477 2,625,850 542,458 482,151 2,725,000
97% 3% 0% 0% 0%
53% 19% 4% 4% 20%
51 ,988
292,300,076
100%
100%
18,742
6,254,024
100%
100%
84,149
13,572,936
100%
100%
Total # system
126,438
19,204
5,069
3,761
407
154,879
CWS = Community Water System: A public water system that supplies water to the same population year-round.
NTNCWS = Non-Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that regularly supplies water to at least 25
of the same people at least six months per year, but not year-round. Some examples are schools, factories, office buildings,
and hospitals which have their own water systems.
TNCWS = Transient Non-Community Water System: A public water system that provides water in a place such as a gas
station or campground where people do not remain for long periods of time and is open at least 60 days/year.
Water source
Type
Ground Water Surface Water
Totals
CWS
NTNCWS
TNCWS
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
# systems
Pop. served
% of systems
% of pop
40,301 1 1 ,671
88,039,047 204,094,646
78% 22%
30% 70%
18,041 688
5,462,056 788,360
96% 4%
87% 13%
82,126 2,010
1 1 ,036,800 2,534,900
98% 2%
81% 19%
51 ,972
292,133,693
100%
100%
18,729
6,250,416
100%
100%
84,136
13,571,700
100%
100%
Total # system
140,468
14,369
Ground water systems = ground water (GW), purchased ground water (GWP)
Surface water systems = surface water (SW), purchased surface water (SWP),
ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GU),
purchased ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GUP).
SDWIS/FED 08Q3 tables were "frozen" in early October 2008
-------
FY2008 water system data-by State
Key:
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 08Q3 frozen violations table
# systems
Pop served
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
Ml
MN
MO
MS
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
440 240 899
562,818 62,317 105,307
535 27 63
5,392,846 16,434 6,988
712 37 364
2,617,534 10,014 21,172
811 216 578
6,014,439 134,184 113,494
3,001 1 ,376 2,832
39,338,253 385,279 1,444,175
858 171 969
5,183,440 67,775 260,159
569 602 1 ,529
2,681,269 111,098 58,289
5 1
606,730 370
214 94 191
894,049 26,922 54,809
1,802 950 3,100
18,779,537 252,950 270,570
1,764 216 502
8,196,451 64,806 78,168
112 15 3
1,318,212 11,299 3,805
1,131 139 697
2,648,654 48,258 85,430
749 229 1 ,005
1,059,654 51,844 108,721
1 ,765 395 3,604
12,003,424 128,366 364,183
824 650 2,823
4,692,225 197,630 381,850
896 50 91
2,570,753 20,793 4,245
405 30 52
4,903,536 12,907 6,799
1,070 147 250
4,884,913 56,468 62,019
532 265 938
9,314,096 73,707 188,185
484 561 2,483
5,127,033 159,226 307,994
382 375 1,193
660,416 69,492 189,058
1,412 1,497 8,686
7,613,164 327,736 1,042,226
962 543 5,808
4,170,773 83,604 535,514
1 ,489 243 1 ,059
5,073,517 76,721 114,238
1,122 84 81
2,997,520 74,928 1 1 ,207
1,579
730,442
625
5,416,268
1,113
2,648,720
1,605
6,262,117
7,209
41,167,707
1,998
5,511,374
2,700
2,850,656
6
607,100
499
975,780
5,852
19,303,057
2,482
8,339,425
130
1,333,316
1,967
2,782,342
1,983
1,220,219
5,764
12,495,973
4,297
5,271 ,705
1,037
2,595,791
487
4,923,242
1,467
5,003,400
1,735
9,575,988
3,528
5,594,253
1,950
918,966
1 1 ,595
8,983,126
7,313
4,789,891
2,791
5,264,476
1,287
3,083,655
1,313 266
327,276 403,166
386 239
1 ,495,690 3,920,578
699 414
909,889 1 ,738,831
1 ,544 61
2,884,330 3,377,787
5,982 1 ,227
7,744,080 33,423,627
1,483 515
703,829 4,807,545
2,619 81
427,268 2,423,388
6
607,100
492 7
491 ,805 483,975
5,778 74
15,518,664 3,784,393
2,254 228
1 ,783,726 6,555,699
111 19
500,086 833,230
1,815 152
1,510,220 1,272,122
1 ,907 76
961,716 258,503
5,029 735
3,583,938 8,912,035
4,176 121
2,917,140 2,354,565
659 378
710,043 1,885,748
160 327
454,936 4,468,306
1 ,377 90
2,996,483 2,006,917
1,519 216
2,018,731 7,557,257
3,405 123
1,089,057 4,505,196
1 ,867 83
470,867 448,099
1 1 ,288 307
3,085,590 5,897,536
7,201 112
3,453,598 1 ,336,293
2,538 253
1 ,827,605 3,436,871
1,275 12
2,920,170 163,485
81
40,574
28
133,326
134
385,605
133
249,333
260
732,369
100
156,498
59
25,993
17
6,545
163
1,136,883
81
534,113
4
45,337
73
108,200
121
152,408
141
776,385
72
113,471
115
204,464
45
434,607
124
502,175
62
771,111
33
61 ,392
66
115,222
145
263,731
68
245,075
192
1 ,542,646
80
261 ,41 1
18%
7%
5%
2%
19%
15%
16%
4%
9%
2%
12%
3%
10%
1%
0%
0%
8%
1%
9%
6%
5%
7%
4%
3%
6%
4%
16%
14%
8%
6%
9%
2%
13%
8%
11%
9%
12%
10%
12%
8%
7%
1%
17%
17%
10%
3%
7%
6%
13%
30%
7%
9%
-------
FY2008 water system data-by State
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table
Key:
# systems
Pop served
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
Rl
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
Wl
WV
WY
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
688 252 1,169
716,545 79,519 174,141
2,136 479 3,862
7,140,116 133,558 321,685
331 25 159
561,809 3,883 14,146
596 164 568
1,415,174 52,329 57,505
71 1 450 1 ,251
849,684 96,036 319,585
606 817 2,445
8,717,756 354,744 420,973
633 169 460
1,697,004 50,772 73,337
221 104 244
2,546,438 41,807 23,014
2,777 745 5,968
17,871,595 323,088 2,845,472
1,266 855 3,018
10,345,753 217,810 444,001
1,111 109 354
3,459,985 28,747 28,979
866 340 1 ,421
3,079,948 72,520 216,038
2,075 1,232 6,155
10,705,071 522,930 783,445
85 78 316
991,863 27,763 54,859
623 141 744
3,730,888 40,934 39,933
456 27 174
682,429 8,118 24,603
485 44 367
5,812,407 25,810 57,531
4,669 855 1 ,237
24,536,443 512,374 247,799
458 68 438
2,607,806 29,486 72,544
1,216 562 1,152
6,489,474 300,169 178,609
446 247 673
450,476 43,343 100,633
2,267 330 1 ,573
5,943,687 139,054 408,262
1 ,081 898 9,533
3,940,472 206,431 713,402
503 131 468
1,492,831 40,873 32,911
296 87 384
438,256 21,819 73,257
2,109
970,205
6,477
7,595,359
515
579,838
1,328
1 ,525,008
2,412
1 ,265,305
3,868
9,493,473
1,262
1,821,113
569
2,611,259
9,490
21,040,155
5,139
1 1 ,007,564
1,574
3,517,711
2,627
3,368,506
9,462
12,011,446
479
1 ,074,485
1,508
3,811,755
657
715,150
896
5,895,748
6,761
25,296,616
964
2,709,836
2,930
6,968,252
1,366
594,452
4,170
6,491 ,003
11,512
4,860,305
1,102
1,566,615
767
533,332
1,890 219
542,040 428,165
6,042 435
2,067,728 5,527,631
403 112
258,133 321,705
1 ,267 61
736,833 788,175
2,353 59
736,098 529,207
3,757 1 1 1
3,659,582 5,833,891
1,192 70
1 ,525,468 295,645
529 40
297,000 2,314,259
8,104 1,386
5,420,464 15,619,691
4,824 315
3,477,256 7,530,308
849 725
662,566 2,855,145
2,324 303
766,902 2,601 ,604
8,868 594
2,607,685 9,403,761
455 24
230,339 844,146
1,168 340
618,396 3,193,359
518 139
315,426 399,724
529 367
1,478,754 4,416,994
5,510 1,251
7,239,700 18,056,916
868 96
1,593,458 1,116,378
2,555 375
791,337 6,176,915
1,245 121
320,058 274,394
3,903 267
2,943,074 3,547,929
1 1 ,455 57
3,040,091 1,820,214
758 344
303,942 1 ,262,673
639 128
191,256 342,076
85
62,948
320
442,555
9
10,729
133
122,939
116
111,715
47
592,782
94
202,932
29
40,234
267
1,766,623
108
365,702
259
829,146
118
94,352
178
2,106,509
11
314,514
36
110,174
46
38,404
49
297,600
470
2,035,244
36
142,129
148
317,076
87
74,056
209
137,028
100
41 1 ,696
44
148,356
22
7,897
12%
9%
15%
6%
3%
2%
22%
9%
16%
13%
8%
7%
15%
12%
13%
2%
10%
10%
9%
4%
23%
24%
14%
3%
9%
20%
13%
32%
6%
3%
10%
6%
10%
5%
10%
8%
8%
5%
12%
5%
20%
16%
9%
2%
9%
10%
9%
10%
7%
2%
50,648
285,529,166
18,362
5,899,045
83,933
13,545,269
152,943
138,882
102,610,323
14,061
202,363,157
5,418
19,782,214
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FY2008 water system data-Tribal
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table
Key:
# systems
Pop served
Region
01
02
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Navajo
Nation
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
2 2 1
41,095 60 40
7 1 1
10,553 175 200
14 2 15
21,058 1,107 1,576
78 25 8
97,827 26,971 660
50 20 15
72,352 75,968 1 ,788
923
5,394 1 ,250 730
113 15 6
92,320 5,449 304
234 53 35
268,387 96,736 6,571
83 18 10
45,057 36,125 915
140 13 6
139,264 4,546 1,109
5
41,195
9
10,928
31
23,741
111
125,458
85
150,108
14
7,374
134
98,073
322
371 ,694
111
82,097
159
144,919
4 1
195 41,000
8 1
5,978 4,950
30 1
14,241 9,500
109 2
124,969 489
76 9
134,681 15,427
13 1
6,674 700
109 25
72,062 26,01 1
301 21
340,130 31,564
98 13
51,419 30,678
154 5
127,034 17,885
1
95
1
4,950
2
2,143
5
3,035
9
1 1 ,900
1
700
13
10,889
62
85,280
3
660
14
23,069
50%
0%
14%
47%
14%
10%
6%
3%
18%
16%
11%
13%
12%
12%
26%
32%
4%
1%
10%
17%
730 151 100 981 902 79 111
793,307 248,387 13,893 877,383 178,204 142,721
FY2008 water system data-Commonwealths and Territories
Active, current systems, from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen inventory table Key: # systems
Health-based (Treatment Technique & Maximum Contaminant Level) violations, from 07Q3 frozen violations table Pop served
CWS NTNCWS TNCWS
Total
Ground
Surface
CWSs w/ reported
health-based
violations
Amer.
Samoa
Guam
N.
Marianas
Puerto
Rico
Virgin
Islands
19
51,435
5 4
194,286 2,090
45 27 12
82,630 8,414 861
446 50 6
5,399,857 47,049 2,356
79 135 85
83,012 45,431 9,321
19
51 ,435
9
196,376
84
91 ,905
502
5,449,262
299
137,764
13 6
5,277 46,158
6 3
155,840 40,536
82 2
25,926 65,979
287 215
796,890 4,652,372
296 3
66,264 71 ,500
6
1,364
11
69,325
234
3,349,136
6
1,738
32%
3%
0%
0%
24%
84%
52%
62%
8%
2%
594 216 103 913 684 229 257
5,811,220 102,984 12,538 1,050,197 4,876,545 3,421,563
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)-
Strategic Sub-objective For Drinking Water 2.1.1
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how
well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have
gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the
public.
EPA Strategic Objective 2.1: Protect Public Health, Sub-objective 2.1.1: Water Safe To
Drink: By 2008, 95% of the population served by community water systems will receive
drinking water that meets all applicable health-based drinking water standards through
effective treatment and source water protection. (2002 Baseline: 93.6 percent of population;
note that year-to-year performence is expected to change overtime as new standards take
effect.)
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe
Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of
some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data.
10
91%
92%
92%
92%
93%
89%
88%
65%
62%
75%
64%
62%
60%
57%
57%
60%
82%
76%
61%
55%
80%
54%
81%
77%
76%
61%
60%
55%
53%
52%
55%
56%
90%
95%
93%
93%
85%
95%
98%
98%
97%
98%
97%
97%
92%
91%
87%
85%
94%
93%
93%
93%
93%
93%
96%
95%
95%
95%
95%
93%
93%
92%
90%
90%
95%
93%
92%
94%
96%
95%
94%
92%
95%
95%
95%
92%
92%
92%
88%
77%
89%
92%
88%
88%
92%
93%
93%
96%
96%
95%
95%
93%
94%
88%
87%
92%
83%
93%
91%
91%
92%
93%
95%
90%
95%
95%
94%
95%
95%
95%
94%
93%
96%
97%
96%
95%
92%
92%
97%
94%
94%
94%
93%
91%
92%
90%
91%
92%
98%
95%
98%
95%
86%
98%
99%
97%
94%
97%
95%
95%
91%
88%
90%
69%
96%
92%
95%
95%
93%
93%
91%
83%
83%
94%
89%
74%
74%
75%
87%
85%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT VW NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant
Level (MRDL) and Treatment Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on active, current water systems
For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2001, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 01Q4 frozen tables. CA population data from OOQ4 frozen tables
For FY2000, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED OOQ4 frozen tables.
For FY1999, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 99Q4 frozen tables.
For FY1998, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q4 frozen tables.
For FY1997 and earlier, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 98Q1 frozen tables.
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)--
Strategic Targets for Regulations In Place Before 12/2001
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure how well
they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have gathered, and
communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the public.
EPA Strategic Targets: by 2008, 95% of community water systems and 95% of the population
served by them will provide drinking water that meets all existing health-based standards with
which systems need to comply as of December 2001. (2002 Baseline: 93.6% of the population,
91.6 percent of systems).
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of some data in this
system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the data.
% Population served
By EPA region
Nationally
1
10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
94.1%
93.6%
91.7%
91.0%
92.2%
91.0%
93.7%
92%
94%
95%
93%
94%
90%
88%
85%
80%
65%
62%
86%
59%
81%
91%
97%
95%
95%
92%
97%
98%
96%
96%
96%
95%
95%
94%
96%
96%
94%
93%
95%
96%
95%
94%
93%
95%
92%
94%
96%
96%
94%
95%
96%
95%
94%
93%
94%
95%
97%
98%
97%
96%
93%
93%
97%
98%
95%
98%
95%
86%
98%
99%
97%
93%
96%
95%
93%
93%
91%
% Systems The systems measure was added to provide context to the population-based
measure because it is less volatile and is not biased towards large systems.
By EPA region
Nationally
1
8
10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
91.5%
92.0%
92.2%
91.8%
91.9%
92.1%
91.6%
89%
87%
87%
87%
88%
86%
86%
89%
90%
90%
88%
90%
90%
89%
93%
94%
94%
94%
92%
93%
92%
94%
94%
94%
94%
94%
93%
94%
94%
94%
94%
93%
93%
94%
93%
93%
94%
94%
93%
93%
93%
93%
90%
90%
91%
90%
90%
89%
87%
93%
94%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
92%
90%
92%
92%
92%
95%
95%
89%
89%
89%
87%
87%
88%
87%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT WV NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) and Treatment Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on active, current water systems
For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2002, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 02Q4 frozen tables.
-------
Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA)-
Strategic Targets for Regulations In Place After 2001
GPRA requires agencies to develop plans for what they intend to accomplish, measure
how well they are doing, make appropriate decisions based on the information they have
gathered, and communicate information about their performance to Congress and to the
public.
EPA Strategic Targets: by 2008, 80% of community water systems and 95% of the
population served by them will provide drinking water that meets all existing health-based
standards with a compliance date of January 2002 or later.
Notice: These measures are based on violations reported by states to the EPA Safe
Drinking Water Information System. EPA is aware of inaccuracies and underreporting of
some data in this system. We are working with the states to improve the quality of the
data.
Applicable standards in FY2008:
* Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule—CWSs w/ surface water sources
serving 10,000 or more people
* Disinfection By-Products (DBP) Rule for CWSs that disinfect. In FY2003, this
rule applied to systems serving >10,000 people
* New Arsenic and Uranium standards
% Population served
By EPA region
123456789 10
Nationally
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
96.3%
96.9%
96.8%
96.2%
96.6%
95.7%
98%
97%
97%
99%
99%
98%
91%
89%
89%
85%
84%
79%
98%
98%
98%
98%
92%
98%
98%
97%
97%
98%
98%
97%
99%
98%
99%
99%
100%
100%
95%
96%
95%
93%
96%
94%
88%
97%
96%
96%
99%
97%
99%
99%
99%
99%
99%
99%
99%
100%
100%
99%
100%
100%
99%
99%
99%
100%
100%
100%
% Systems The systems measure was added to provide context to the population-based
measure because it is less volatile and is not biased towards large systems.
By EPA region
Nationally 123456789 10
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
96.5%
96.4%
96.7%
97.1%
99.2%
93.1%
96%
95%
96%
98%
99%
96%
96%
96%
97%
97%
99%
76%
97%
96%
97%
97%
100%
92%
97%
97%
97%
97%
99%
93%
97%
96%
97%
99%
100%
99%
93%
94%
94%
93%
98%
86%
97%
97%
97%
96%
98%
92%
97%
97%
97%
98%
99%
98%
96%
99%
99%
99%
100%
100%
98%
99%
98%
99%
100%
100%
CT NJ DE AL IL AR IA CO AZ AK
ME NY DC FL IN LA KS MT CA ID
MA PR MD GA Ml NM MO ND HI OR
NH VI PA KY MN OK NE SD NV WA
Rl VA MS OH TX UT AS
VT WV NC Wl WY GU
SC MP
TN PW
Health-based violations include Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL), Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
(MRDL), and Treatment Technique (TT) violations.
Population data are based on all active Community Water Systems
For FY2008, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2007, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2006, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables.
For FY2005, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2004, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables.
For FY2003, population and violation data are from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables.
-------
CWS violations reported by FY
FY2008 data from SDW1S/FED 08Q3 frozen tables
FY2007 data from SDW1S/FED 07Q3 frozen tables
FY2006 data from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables
FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1
FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1
FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables, except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL TT M/R Other* Total
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
9,883
9,410
9,076
9,360
5,340
4,688
5
5
7
4
6
1
2,647
3,056
2,790
3,036
2,168
2,299
103,064
61,316
57,117
109,167
87,393
58,675
20,774
23,299
19,245
18,414
14,459
12,671
136,373
97,086
88,235
139,981
109,366
78,334
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL
M/R
Other*
Population affected
FY2008 CWS results, by system size
Number of violations
MCL MRDL T
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
M/R
Other
Number of systems in violation
MCL
MRDL
M/R
Other
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
Population affected
MCL MRDL
M/R
Other
Very small
Small
Medium
Large
Very large
Total
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
4,553
4,412
4,371
4,383
3,419
3,042
5
4
3
4
4
1
1,506
1,648
1,538
1,625
1,409
1,458
13,084
12,619
13,071
14,291
13,551
12,819
8,631
10,429
9,600
10,258
8,947
8,109
20,797
21 ,544
21,618
22,772
21 ,055
20,280
FY MCL
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
15,841,822
16,105,351
16,221,483
18,951,548
15,018,194
15,438,443
MRDL
1,021
263,875
46,344
424,859
3,617
2,250
TT
10,086,935
10,895,825
16,612,762
16,879,450
16,588,301
16,969,087
M/R
57,538,783
51,148,667
52,289,555
61 ,767,844
48,675,006
49,497,572
Other*
21 ,872,736
30,434,294
23,372,794
23,442,800
17,833,120
12,726,332
Total
83,385,983
87,843,223
83,062,903
90,890,243
76,870,272
80,765,799
Total
5,277
3,004
1,001
667
27
5 1,531
718
231
154
13
76,063
18,619
8,602
9,750
1,145
15,760
3,527
915
545
27
98,636
25,868
10,749
11,116
1,212
Total
2,546
1,232
448
315
12
5 896
383
133
85
9
8,567
2,841
930
684
62
5,842
1,940
494
334
21
12,956
4,996
1,587
1,173
85
Total
435,974
1 ,772,360
2,582,166
7,590,568
3,460,754
1,021 148,542
578,182
761,899
2,351,256
6,247,056
1 ,328,092
3,941 ,593
5,391 ,970
18,067,524
28,809,604
899,846
2,658,558
2,736,140
8,341 ,321
7,236,871
2,061 ,976
7,043,096
9,146,949
30,595,667
34,538,295
* Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row.
This is because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation.
Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules
-------
NTNCWS violations reported by FY
FY2008 data from SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen tables
FY2007 data from SDWIS/FED 07Q3 frozen tables
FY2006 data from SDWIS/FED 06Q3 frozen tables
FY2005 data from SDWIS/FED 05Q4 frozen tables,
FY2004 data from SDWIS/FED 04Q4 frozen tables,
FY2003 data from SDWIS/FED 03Q4 frozen tables,
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL TT M/R
except for Chem M/Rs which are from 06Q1
except for Chem M/Rs which are from 05Q1
except for Chem M/Rs which are from 04Q1
Other
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL T
M/R
Other
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
M/R
Other
Total
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2,206
2,141
1,833
1,851
1,348
1,383
766
794
827
1 853
681
680
39,379
28,581
27,728
48,276
34,097
25,588
3,449
2,490
2,063
717
538
503
45,800
34,006
32,451
51,698
36,664
28,154
Total
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
1,326
1,313
1,198
1,160
1,020
1,024
536
539
539
1 550
474
495
5,178
4,903
5,143
5,578
4,957
4,752
1,227
1,238
1,059
491
356
317
6,870
6,618
6,590
6,778
5,987
5,794
Total
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
423,663
398,021
405,274
342,398
286,638
265,927
181,073
188,740
170,672
110 164,644
130,242
140,053
1 ,630,978
1 ,526,926
1 ,670,822
1,665,415
1 ,401 ,31 1
1,432,966
343,836
355,150
277,538
122,177
88,003
85,026
2,141,033
2,083,785
2,136,600
2,035,743
1,711,868
1 ,746,697
TNCWS violations reported by FY
Number of violations
FY MCL MRDL TT M/R
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
Other
Number of systems in violation
FY MCL MRDL T
M/R
Other
Population affected
FY MCL MRDL
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
M/R
Other
Total
5,259
5,575
5,264
4,994
5,003
5,063
384
435
474
502
415
573
26,589
28,599
29,848
34,880
34,295
33,666
24,437
22,078
19,010
4,800
3,028
8,640
56,669
56,687
54,596
45,176
42,741
47,942
Total
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
4,068
4,319
4,066
3,961
3,960
4,055
227
237
211
215
195
245
14,938
15,626
15,571
17,542
17,314
17,429
8,159
7,664
6,417
2,284
1,697
3,685
22,714
22,996
21,800
21,236
20,653
21,338
Total
548,776
538,931
1 ,296,508
541,171
549,164
540,765
58,580
63,160
50,372
86,648
51,915
40,518
1 ,959,479
1,999,117
2,166,532
2,260,178
2,205,971
2,159,794
859,435
731,880
642,080
344,41 1
234,291
340,950
2,900,038
2,799,528
3,596,226
2,812,854
2,705,723
2,647,611
* Totals for the number of systems in violation, and for population affected, should be lower than the sum in each row.
This is because some systems will have incurred more than one type of violation.
Compliance information since FY2003 includes new DBP and IESWTR rules
-------
FY2008 MCL, MRDL and TT violations reported
From SDW1S/FED 08Q3 frozen violations table
Very small Small Medium Large
25-500 501-3,300 3,301-10,0000,001-100,00
Microbials: Applies to all water systems
TCR
7,527
5,755
643,067
989
772
991,612
272
235
1,365,157
251
204
4,878,935
Key:
Very Large
>100,000
10
7
2,829,851
# violations
# systems
Pop. affected
Total
9,049
6,973
16,022
Applies to CWS & NTNCWS that disinfect (plus TNCWSs that use CIO2)
Stage 1 DBP
1,317
535
98,147
1,629
542
849,756
580
218
1,224,557
159
75
1 ,569,709
4
2
209,225
3,689
1,372
3,951,394
Applies to surface water systems
SWTR
887
475
74,127
254
150
201 ,550
37
33
213,814
17
17
357,784
3
3
2,741,000
1,198
678
3,588,275
Applies to surface water systems
IE<1SWTR
199
65
13,020
185
71
121,138
62
40
234,161
87
38
1 ,250,980
9
5
3,210,356
542
219
4,829,655
Organics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
voc
soc
46
28
5,617
26
20
3,339
9
4
7,685
3
1
4,394
1
1
4,877
4
4
117,020
2
2
89,500
62
37
134,716
29
23
97,716
Inorganics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Nitrate/Nitrite
Arsenic
Other IOC
997
563
67,426
1,554
731
113,891
275
111
17,938
147
62
70,898
412
173
227,941
63
23
29,304
9
2
8,655
166
41
247,763
8
3
23,336
10
4
55,301
59
22
722,821
14
10
385,653
3
1
100,387
1,163
631
202,280
2,191
967
1,312,416
363
148
556,618
Applies to CWS
Radionuclides
714
235
41,349
337
103
138,131
80
30
179,515
170
31
725,178
7
3
423,174
1,308
402
1,507,347
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Lead & Copper
1,211
861
125,344
259
213
272,507
55
41
222,036
25
20
519,529
1
1
295,700
1,551
1,136
1,435,116
Acronyms:
TCR = Total Coliform Rule
SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule
IE<1SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
DBP = Disinfection By-Products Rule
VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHM (which are listed in DBP Rule)
SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine)
Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite
-------
FY2008 Monitoring violations reported
From SDWIS/FED 08Q3 frozen violations table
Microbials:
Very small Small Medium
25-500 501-3,300 3,301-10,000
Applies to all water systems
Large
10,001-100,000
Key:
Very Large
>1 00,000
# violations
# systems
Pop. affected
Total
TCR
28,424
17,402
1 ,846,394
2,672
1,714
2,105,338
438
315
1,785,096
205
174
4,388,486
23
19
7,905,493
31 ,762
19,624
18,030,807
Applies to CWS & NTNCWS that disinfect (plus TNCWSs that use CIO2)
Stage 1 DBP
4,049
1,969
350,654
1,701
847
1,183,648
444
245
1,411,704
351
160
4,316,844
31
18
5,385,089
6,576
3,239
12,647,939
Applies to surface water systems
SWTR
804
247
44,117
225
104
144,412
95
54
298,933
26
21
433,936
6
5
3,072,147
1,156
431
3,993,545
Applies to surface water systems
IE<1SWTR
228
92
15,561
166
69
95,829
75
36
204,914
38
21
524,721
8
6
2,474,278
515
224
3,315,303
Organics:
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
voc
soc
35,422
1,392
182,956
29,692
1,270
169,196
7,109
268
376,259
5,392
240
325,843
2,051
90
539,140
3,805
136
792,950
2,524
80
2,380,214
4,173
116
3,235,960
585
10
3,705,597
184
4
1,014,716
47,691
1,840
7,184,166
43,246
1,766
5,538,665
Inorganics: Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Nitrate/Nitrite
Arsenic
Other IOC
7,120
6,109
638,493
1,377
1,216
171,442
10,079
1,048
140,058
645
486
588,143
307
248
329,051
1,692
183
233,732
136
101
607,584
94
68
390,625
494
44
258,591
188
98
2,896,654
82
62
1 ,752,395
718
64
1 ,970,474
46
12
4,160,754
13
8
1 ,499,446
148
11
4,933,185
8,135
6,806
8,891 ,628
1,873
1,602
4,142,959
13,131
1,350
7,536,040
Applies to CWS
Radionuclides
1,985
549
77,310
543
151
207,818
202
51
307,339
337
46
1,254,181
20
5
2,456,646
3,087
802
4,303,294
Applies to CWS and NTNCWS
Lead & Copper
8,977
6,130
880,419
1,945
1,422
1,776,968
405
324
1 ,805,868
245
200
4,740,571
26
14
1 1 ,628,980
1 1 ,598
8,090
20,832,806
Acronyms:
TCR= Total Coliform Rule
SWTR = Surface Water Treatment Rule
IE<1SWTR = Interim Enhanced and Long Term 1 Surface Water Treatment Rule
DBP = Disinfection By-Products Rule
VOC = Regulated volatile organic contaminants (e.g., Benzene) other than TTHM (which are listed in DBP Rule)
SOC = Synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., Atrazine)
Other IOC = Regulated inorganic contaminants (e.g., arsenic) other than Copper, Lead, Nitrate, and Nitrite
-------
Underground Injection Control program-inventory of wells
Types of wells:
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Deep industrial waste disposal
For oil and natural gas production
Related to mineral recovery
Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs
Generally shallow disposal wells. There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally
MN
MO
MP
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions
The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics
Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells
State
AK
AL
AR
AS
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
GU
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
Class 1 Class 1 Non-
Hazardous Hazardous Class II Class III Class III Class IV Class V
Waste Wells Waste Wells Wells Facilities Wells Facilities Wells
3
1
3
5
6
17
8
4
23
13
23
6
187
1
11
42
1
25
20
1
4
1
7
1,281
243
1,069
28,672
799
62
2
7,752
1,326
16,416
3,405
3,354
1,592
204
952
929
932
651
4,531
15
1
2
1
3
4
20
5
1
17
5
6
87
27
139
89
49
3,473
19
3
1,673
431
197
47,862
17,094
1,802
542
96
1,026
55,078
8,353
140
5,259
1,432
12,389
10,142
7,724
5,880
13,091
155
1,629
13,693
1,871
8,934
2,744
7,573
37
1,425
818
18,876
548
669
5,147
1,847
1,258
756
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Underground Injection Control program-inventory of wells (cont.)
Types of wells:
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
Deep industrial waste disposal
For oil and natural gas production
Related to mineral recovery
Banned, inject hazardous or radioactive waste above USDWs
Generally shallow disposal wells. There are an estimated 650,000 Class V wells nationally
Class I through IV data from annual reporting by states and EPA Regions
The Class V estimate is based on state estimates and modeling of storm water and large capacity septics
Note: The Class III and Class IV facilities may contain multiple wells
State
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
PR
Rl
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VI
VT
WA
Wl
WV
WY
Class 1 Class 1 Non-
Hazardous Hazardous Class II Class III Class III Class IV Class V
Waste Wells Waste Wells Wells Facilities Wells Facilities Wells
10
56
9
49
1
41
543
2,702
10,459
5
1,866
77
15
50,988
290
79
1
771
4,814
6
4
1
79
1
1
3
3
125
47
2
5,595
7
3
39
10,490
1
5
4
8
30,036
17,775
847
37,645
13,679
2,274
1,042
14,361
264
1,721
23,357
5,346
12,368
71
1,245
30,417
1,718
3,536
1,097
113
465
146,797
152
20,202
21
Tribal Systems, by EPA Region
Class! Class II Class III Class IV/V
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
EPAR1
EPAR2
EPAR4
EPAR5
EPAR6
EPAR7
EPAR8
EPAR9
EPAR10
1
14
2,437
948
375
26
76
680
1
16
71
316
818
3,774
2,004
456,990
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