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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS DIGEST
A COMPILATION OF FEDERAL/ STATE STANDARDS ON
SECONDARY TREATMENT
REQUIREMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
AUGUST 1972
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INTRODUCTION
This digest was compiled in order to provide general information to the
public as well as to Federal, State, and local officials. It contains excerpts
from the individual Federal-State water quality standards relating to t-he level
of treatment required for municipal and industrial waste discharges to inter-
state waters. The water quality standards program is directed by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, an independent regulatory agency which has responsi-
bility for approving State-adopted standards for interstate waters, evaluating
adherence to the standards, and overseeing enforcement of standards compliance,,
Standards, the first nationwide strategy for water quality management, con-
tain four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wild-
life propagation, industrial, or agricultural) to be made for the interstate
water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed indus-
trial-municipal waste treatment improvements, among others) and enforcement plans;
and an antidegradation statement to protect existing high quality waters.
Minimum water quality criteria, or numerical specifications of pnysical,
chemical, temperature, and biological levels, are stated in the National Tech-
nical Advisory Committee report to the Secretary of the Interior, Water Quality
Criteria, dated April 1, 1968, and published by the Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. Unavailability of the NTAC report before June 30, 1967--the
date set by the Water Quality Act of 1965 for formal adoption of State standards--
resulted in significant variations between the state-adopted and the NTAC min-
imum criteria. Some standards were adopted and approved before the NTAC report
became available. Also, the Water Quality Criteria report is subject to up-
dating in light of new scientific and technical information.
Most states require secondary treatment for municipal wastes or its indus-
trial equivalent. This is generally defined as 8570 reduction in the 5-day bio--
chemical oxygen demand. Many times the applicable state definition is found in
state administrative documents, laws, regulations, etc. other than the water
quality standards. Most states also have an approved antidegradation statement
which generally requires the application of the highest and best degree of waste
treatment available under existing technology.
Since water quality standards are^rcvised from time to time, following pro-
cedures set forth in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, individual entries
in this digest may be superseded. As these revisions are accomplished, this
digest will be updated and reissued. Because this publication is not intended
for use other than as a general information resource, for the latest information,
and for special purposes and applications, refer to the existing approved water
quality standards which can be obtained from the State water pollution control
agencies or EPA Washington, D.C. or regional offices.
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ALABAMA
Domestic Requirement
SEWAGE:
1. All sewage discharged to waters of the state used as sources of
public water supply, used for the harvesting of oysters or customarily
used by the public for swimming and other whole body water-contact
activities shall receive a minimum of secondary treatment and, if
necessary, disinfection.
2. All sewage discharged to waters of the state used for purposes
other then as sources of public water supply, swimming and other
whole body water-contact activities shall receive a minimum of
secondary treatment except those discharges of sewage which, on
the effective date of these criteria, are receiving less than
secondary treatment under a valid permit from the Commission and
which discharge does not contravene water quality standards
adopted and promulgated by the Commission. Such discharges of
sewage as excluded herein shall receive a minimum of secondary
treatment at such time as plants existing at the time of exclusion
must be enlarged or become inadequate for any reason.
DEFINITION;
. . . "secondary treatment" of sewage means a process . . . capable
of removing virtually all floating and settleable solids, from 75 to
95 per cent of the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and in excess of
75 per cent of suspended solid contained in untreated sewage.
Industrial Requirements
INDUSTRIAL WASTES;
1. All industrial wastes likely to contain bacteria harmful to humans
shall receive a minimum of secondar" treatment or the equivalent
thereof aad, if necessary, disinfection before being discharged to
waters of the state used as sources of public water supply, used
for the harvesting of oysters or customarily used by the public
for swimming and other whole body water-contact sports.
2. All industrial wastes discharged to any waters of the state shall
receive a minimum of secondary treatment or the equivalent thereof
except those discharges of industrial waste which, on the effective
date of these criteria, are receiving less than secondary treatment
or the equivalent thereof under a valid permit fsrom the Commission
and which discharges do not contravene water quality standards
adopted and promulgated by the Commission. Such discharges of
industrial wastes herein excluded shall receive a minimum of
secondary treatment or the equivalent thereof at such time as
plants existing at the time of exclusion must be enlarged or
become inadequate for any reason.
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DEFINITION;
... "Secondary treatment" of industrial waste means a process .
capable of removing virtually all floating and settleable solids
and reduction of 5-day biochemical oxygen and suspended solids to
the maximum extent possible within limits of praticability and
technology but not less than 75 per cent.
For industrial waste in which biochemical oxygen demand and suspended
solids are not involved, objectionable constituents shall be
controlled, removed or reduced to the maximum degree attainable
within the limits of practicability and technology.
. . . "equivalent of secondary treatment" means control and
restriction, generally through in-plant measures or storage and
regulation of discharge, of waste constituents ... to a degree
comparable to ... applicable secondary treatment processes.
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ALASKA_
Requirement
Secondary treatment is required for all industrial and municipal
waste unless engineering studies approved by the Department of
Environmental Conservation, and where interstate waters are affec-
ted, concurred in by the Environmental Protection Agency, show that
the water quality standards can be met with primary treatment.
Primary treatment is the minimum acceptable treatment. Disinfection
will be required where necessary.
Definition;
The removal of dissolved and colloidal materials that in their
unaltered state, are not amenable to separation through the
application of mechanical means and/or gravitational forces.
Secondary treatment is generally accomplished through unit pro-
cesses such as bio-absorption, biological oxidation, wet combustion,
other chemical reactions, and absorption on surfaceactive media,
change of phase, or other processes ... of removal of colloidal and
dissolved solids .... Disinfection will be required where necessary,
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ARIZONA
Requirement
. . . policy requires the maximum practical degree of treatment
for all waste sources under the jurisdiction of the Board. For
domestic wastes this shall be secondary treatment, its equivalent
or better, and effluent chlorination or disinfection where these
wastes contain pathogenic organisms .... Industrial wastes
containing dissolved or suspended organic material must receive
treatment resulting in an effluent comparable to domestic wastes
for discharge at that point.
-For industrial wastes containing inorganic suspended solids, primary
treatment, its equivalent or better, will be required. Other
methods and degree of treatment will be required, as appropriate,
to remove toxicants, nutrients, oily constituent and other polluting
materials from wastes before discharge.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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ARKANSAS
REQUIREMENT
. . . treatment or control must be consistent with the state of the
art and best practicable industry standards, the minimum requirement
being secondary treatment or equivalent, giving due regard to the
quality and flow of the receiving waters; the present, future and
potential uses of such waters; economic feasibility; and other
relevant factors.
DEFINITION;
The removal of practically all suspended solids and the reduction
of the biochemical oxygen demand by at least eighty-five (85)
per cent, and may include the in-plant control of industrial
wastes as prescribed by the Arkansas Pollution Control Commission.
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CALIFORNIA
REQUIREMENT;
Statewide policy does not specifically require "secondary treatment."
Establishment and enforcement of waste discharge requirements which
will result in the best practicable treatment or control of the
discharge necessary to assure that (a) a pollution or nuisance will
not occur and (b) the highest water quality consistent with maximum
benefit to the people of the state is maintained.
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COLORADO
REQUIREMENT;
All wastes capable of treatment or control prior to discharge into
any waters of the state, shall receive secondary treatment with dis-
infection or its industrial waste equivalent, as determined by the
State Water Pollution Control Commission. Lesser degrees of treat-
ment or control may be permitted only where it can be demonstrated
that the standards applicable to the classified use of the water
can be attained. Greater degrees of treatment or control will
be required where it can be demonstrated that it is necessary to
comply with the standards applicable to the classified use of the
water.
DEFINITION;
A method of treatment in which a minimum of 8070 of the biochemical-
oxygen consuming material is removed.
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CONNECTICUT
REQUIREMENT
The actions of the Connecticut Water Resources Commission under
this Public Act (57 of the 1967 Session) will be aimed at eliminating
all sources of pollution through the installation of secondary
treatment of the activated sludge type or its equivalent except in
cases where a higher degree of treatment will be required to main-
tain the water quality standards adopted.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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DELAWARE
REQUIREMENT & DEFINITION;
All new waste discharges shall receive a minimum of secondary treat-
ment (at least 85 per cent removal of 5-day biochemical oxygen
demand) or equivalent. All existing waste discharges which do
not receive secondary treatment or equivalent shall be upgraded
with some exceptions. These exceptions are recognized only when
all reasonable water uses and all the water quality criteria are
satisfied with less than secondary treatment.
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FLORIDA
REQUIREMENTS & DEFINITION:
Any industrial wastes or other wastes shall be effectively treated
by the latest modern technological advances as approved by the
regulatory agency.
All discharges from municipal and privately owned domestic waste plants
will comply with the Water Quality Standards of the State of Florida
with 90% treatment or better as expeditiously as possible, but not
later than January 1, 1973.
The degree of treatment for industrial waste has been further defined
as follows: That which provides an effluent equivalent to that produced
by the highest quality municipal waste treatment, but in no case shall
the efficiency be less than 10% organic removal. In some cases, due to
waste characteristics, it will be necessary that the efficiency exceed 90%.
In the case of inorganic wastes, waste treatment shall have similar
efficiencies. The 90% organic and inorganic removal factor shall be
applied against the total untreated waste produced by a given plant.
All discharges from industrial waste treatment plants shall attain
such treatment efficiency as expeditiously as possible, but not later
than January 1, 1973.
Sanitary sewage disposal treatment plants which discharge effluent
through ocean outfalls or disposal wells on the effective date of this
act.shall provide for secondary waste treatment aad in addition
•-hereto, advanced waste treatment as deemed necessary and ordered by the
department of air and water pollution control by January 3, 1974.
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GEORGIA
REQUIREMENT;
The basic requirement of all wastes under the rules of the State
Water Quality Control Board is secondary (biological) treat-
ment with disinfection where necessary for domestic sewage and
equivalent treatment for industrial waste. It will apply also to
all other discharges of inadequately treated wastes.
DEFINITION;
. . . secondary treatment refers to biological stabilization of
sewage to obtain 85 to 95 per cent BOD reduction. Industrial wastes
not amenable to conventional biological treatment methods must
receive treatment or control necessary to produce an effluent equal
or superior to that produced from a well-operated biological
(secondary) sewage treatment plant.
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HAWAII
REQUIREMENT;
All municipal and industrial waste sewage discharges will be
upgraded to the best practicable level as rapidly as funds can
be found and capabilities of engineering and construction permit.
It will be a firm requirement on the discharge of all wastes into
receiving waters of the State that said wastes receive the best
practicable treatment or control unless it can be demonstrated
that a lesser degree of treatment or control will provide for
water quality enhancement commensurate with the present and future
uses for which the waters have been classified. This policy will
make maximum the equitable uses which can be made of a water.
The following change was made in the table titled "Estimate of
Discharge - Water" ....
(1) All items . . . requiring treatment have been changed
to "Secondary Treatment."
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IDAHO
REQUIREMENTS;
Secondary treatment with disinfection or the equivalent will be
required for all new domestic waste discharges. Secondary treatment
or the equivalent will be required of all new industrial waste discharges,
It shall be the policy of the State Board of Health that, notwith-
standing the water quality standards contained herein, where a higher
standards can be achieved, the highest and best practicable treatment
and/or control of wastes, activities and flows shall be provided so as
to maintain dissolved oxygen at the highest desirable levels and overall
water quality as good as possible, and water temperatures, coliform
bacteria concentrations, dissolved chemical substances, toxic materials,
radioactivity, turbidities, color, odor and other deleterious factors at
the lowest desirable levels, Such policy to apply not only to existing
waste sources but to future waste sources as they may develop and for
such other interstate streams not listed herein.
DEFINITION:
(Not legally approved for interstate waters, but generally
applicable.)
...85% removal of BOD with disinfection...
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ILLINOIS
REQUIREMENTS:
All municipal or industrial facilities for treatment of deoxygenating
waste shall provide at least secondary biological treatment, or advanced
waste treatment, adequate to reduce the organic pollution load of the
treatment works effluent at the final treatment structure in
accordance with effluent guidelines in paragraph 11. ... (Implementation
and Enforcement Plan #10).
DEFINITIONS;
Secondary treatment provides for the removal of dissolved and
colloidal materials that in their unaltered state, as found in waste
water, are not amenable to separation through the application of mechanical
means and/or gravitational forces. This is generally a biological process
and will reduce the five-day BOD at least 85% and suspended solids at
least 80%. . . .
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INDIANA
REQUIREMENT;
Municipalities with population over 2,000 with only primary
wastewater treatment plants (not now on notice for addition of
secondary) will be required to provide secondary treatment facil-
ities when additions or alterations are made to existing primary
plants or not later than the end of 1973, whichever occurs first.
Municipalities under 2,000 population required to install secondary
treatment facilities when existing primary facilities are altered
or added to, but not later than 1975.
All industries will be required to provide a degree of treatment
or control that is equivalent to that required of municipalities
on the same stretch of the stream. Except in rare instances this.:
will be the equivalent, at least, of secondary treatment.
Exceptions must be justified to the satisfaction of the Indiana
Stream Pollution Control Board and the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration.
DEFINITION;
All those municipalities which have or will be required to have,
secondary sewage treatment facilities must provide the following
removal of organic material in terms of BOD: trickling filter
plant - at least 80%, activated sludge plant - at least 90%
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IOWA
REQUIREMENT AND DEFINITION;
Treatment less than secondary will not be accepted on low flow streams
unless it can be shown that legitimate uses can be protected with
a lesser degree of treatment.
All industries will be required to provide the same degree of
treatment or control that is required of municipalities on the same
reach of the stream. This degree of treatment will generally be
the equivalent of secondary treatment. *
Secondary treatment of all biodegradable wastes and an equivalent
high degree of treatment for all other wastes is required as the
minimum for all interstate waters. . . .
All municipal wastes discharged into the interstate waters of the
Mississippi River and the Missouri River shall receive a minimum
of secondary treatment to achieve a ninety per cent (90%) reduction
of BOD prior to discharge no later than December 31, 1973. All
industrial wastes discharged into such interstate waters shall
receive equivalent treatment prior to discharge no later than
December 31, 1973.
All municipalities on interior streams will generally need
secondary treatment . . .
* Table 11 also presents the best estimate of treatment needs. All
municipalities on interior streams will generally need secondary
treatment ....
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KANSAS
REQUIREMENT;
All municipal wastes discharged within the Neosho River Basin shall
receive a minimum of secondary treatment to achieve a minimum
of 85 per cent reduction of the five-day biochemical oxygen demand
by December 31, 1975. All industrial wastes discharged within the
Neosho River Basin will receive an equivalent treatment by December
31, 1975.
The same requirement applies to the following river basin:
Verdigris . . . Little Arkansas . . . Lower Arkansas . . . Upper
Arkansas . . . Walnut . . . Cimarron . . . Smoky Hill . . . Upper
Republican . . . Solomon . . . Lower Republican . . . Big Blue . . ,
Missouri ... Kansas . . . Marais des Cynges ... Saline River
Basin (s).
DEFINITION;
That treatment necessary to achieve a minimum of 85 per cent
reduction of the five-day biochemical oxygen demand ....
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KENTUCKY
REQUIREMENT;
All municipalities will provide secondary waste treatment at the
earliest possible date and no later than December 31, 1975.
Any industry which produces waste having a predominate BOD charac-
teristic will provide treatment sufficient to reduce the BOD by
at least 85 per cent on a consistent year round basis. Higher levels
of treatment will be dictated in those instances necessary to
achieve the Water Quality Standards Stream Use Classification.
The facilities will be constructed as soon as practical, but in
no case later than December 31, 1975, and an Implementation Schedule
will be prepared as part of the Water Quality Standards. (Adopted
10/9/70 by Water Pollution Control Commission.)
DEFINITION:
Secondary waste treatment should be considered a minimum of 85
per cent removal of BOD on a year-round basis. In any determination
of "Secondary Treatment" cognizance will be given to regulation
of the Department of Interior issued on June 10, 1970.
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LOUISIANA.
REQUIREMENT;
Domestic Waste;
secondary treatment will be the minimum degree of treatment accepted.
Industrial Wastes;
The Louisiana Stream Control Commission prescribes that all such
wastes will receive the best practicable treatment, secondary
or its equivalent, at all times, not later than end of the calendar
year 1972.
DEFINITION;
Ho specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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MAINE
REQUIREMENT:
. . t well require secondary treatment or its equivalent as
minimum treatment for all fresh waters. In general, this policy
will also be applied to coastal waters except those cases where
it can be demonstrated that a lesser degree of treatment or control
will provide for water quality enhancement commensurate with pro-
posed present and future uses.
DEFINITION:
Secondary treatment shall mean such treatment that a minimum of
75 per cent removal of 5-day 20 C, BOD is obtained. In order to
obtain this percentage removal as an operational fact, treatment
facilities shall be designed to obtain a minimum of 85 per cent
BOD removal (5-day, 20°C).
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MARYLAND
REQUIREMENT & DEFINITION;
Maryland will require as minimum treatment that municipal sewage
receive secondary treatment, meaning a reduction of biochemical
oxygen demand (5-day, 20°C) of 85% minimum, and equivalent treat-
ment for industrial waste.
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MASSACHUSETTS
REQUIREMENT & DEFINITION;
All waste sources on fresh waters will be required to be treated
to the secondary level regardless of the stream classification
assigned (except when a higher degree of treatment is required to
meet the WQS). Secondary treatment will generally refer to biological
treatment as applicable and/or its industrial waste treatment equiv-
alent, all as determined by the Division of Water Pollution Control.
Secondary treatment efficiencies shall range from 80% to 95% BOD
removal with correspondingly similar removals on other waste par-
ameters. On coastal and marine waters the degree of treatment
required will be that which will attain the particular classification
set on the area waters.
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MICHIGAN
REQUIREMENT;
Secondary treatment will be required as a minimum at all municipal
wastewater treatment plants to meet the adopted water quality
standards unless it can be demonstrated that a lesser degree of
treatment or control will provide for water quality enhancement
commensurate with proposed present and future water use.
. . . industrial waste effluent will be required to meet the
.same effluent standards as municipal waste effluents.
Exception to the requirement for at least secondary treatment must
be justified to the satisfaction of the Michigan Water Resources
Commission and the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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MINNESOTA
REQUIREMENT;
It is herin established that the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency will require secondary treatment or the equivalent as a
minimum for all municipal sewage and biodegradable industrial
or other wastes to meet the adopted water quality standards.
DEFINITION;
Secondary treatment facilities are defined as works which will
provide effective sedimentation, biochemical oxidation, and dis-
infection, or the equivalent, including effluents conforming to
the following:
Substance or Characteristic Limiting Concentration or Range
5-day biochemical oxygen demand 25 milligrams per liter
Total coliform group organisms 1,000 MRN/100 ml
Total suspended solids 30 milligrams per liter
Oil Trace
Turbidity 25
pH range 6.5 - 8.5
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MISSISSIPPI
REQUIREMENT;
Municipal wastes, industrial wastes, or other wastes shall receive
effective treatment or control (secondary or equivalent) in
accordance with the latest practical technological advances and
shall be approved by the Commission. A degree of treatment greater
than secondary will be required when necessary to protect legiti-
mate water uses.
DEFINITION;
85% reduction of BO& and suspended
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MISSOURI
REQUIREMENT;
. . . the Missouri Water Pollution Board will require secondary
treatment of all municipal wastes and the equivalent of secondary
treatment of all industrial waste.
DEFINITION;
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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MONTANA
REQUIREMENT t
Domestic:
—the minimum treatment required for domestic sewage shall be
secondary treatment or its equivalent with the understanding that
properly designed and operated sewage lagoons will meet this
requirement.
Industrial;
the minimum treatment required for industrial wastes shall be
secondary treatment or its equivalent.
DEFINITION:
(It) may be defined as that process or group of processes capable
of removing virtually all floating and settleable solids, generally
from 80 to 95 per cent of the five-day biochemical oxygen demand,
and a similar level of removal of suspended solids in untreated waste.
The equivalent treatment (is) . . . maximum practicable removal of
solids, oils, grease, acids, alkalis, toxic materials, bacteria,
taste and odor-causing materials, color and any other objectionable
constituents ... of industrial waste. (Properly designed and
operated sewage lagoons are acceptable secondary treatment facilities
for domestic wastes.)
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NEBRASKA
REQUIREMENT;
All municipal wastes shall receive at least secondary treatment
plus such additional treatment as is required to maintain Water
Quality Criteria, as set forth in these standards. All other
wastes shall receive an equivalent degree of treatment or control
consistent with waste characteristics, uses and quality of receiving
water s.
DEFINITION;
Secondary treatment ... a method of waste treatment beyond pri-
mary treatment where pollutants in solution or the colloidal state
are biologically or chemically removed. The minimum treatment re-
quired under this method is removal of at least 85% of the BOD
and suspended solids.
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NEVADA
REQUIREMENT;
"A minimum of secondary treatment or its industrial equivalent is
required for all municipal and industrial wastes."
DEFINITION;
No specific definition incorporated into the standards
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NEW HAMPSHIRE
REQUIREMENT;
... all communities in this State are required by law to install
secondary sewage treatment. This is a firm commitment by the New
Hampshire legislature.
Insofar as practicable, the initial objective of the control
program will be to obtain the installation of primary treatment
(with adequate disinfection where sewage discharges are involved)
for all discharges of sewage and industrial wastes.
The second objective will be to require the installation of secondary
treatment whenever such additional treatment is necessary to
protect the use assigned to the particular stream classification.
DEFINITION;
(Secondary treatment defined as 80-85% removal of BOD.)
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NEW JERSEY
REQUIREMENT t
The minimum degree of wastewater treatment now being permitted in
the State of New Jersey is that commonly identified as secondary
treatment.
DEFINITION;
In New Jersey this means treatment necessary to provide as an
absolute minimum 8070 reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and a
maximum permissible biochemical oxygen demand concentration of
50 parts per million. In most areas in New Jersey, this standard
is raised to require biochemical oxygen demand reduction of 85%
and 90% with appropriate maximum permissible biochemical oxygen
demand concentrations.
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NEW MEXICO
REQUIREMENT;
All municipal treatment plants have secondary treatment in New
Mexico. All industrial wastes are to receive the equivalent of
secondary treatment or control by 1972.
DEFINITION;
Commonly defined as that process or group of processes capable
of removing vertually all floating and setteable solids, generally
from 80-95% of the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, and a similar
level of removal of suspended solids.
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NEW YORK
REQUIREMENT;
Outlets to water classified "A" shall be preceded by secondary treat-
ment and continuous chlorination.
Outlets into water classified "B" shall be preceded by secondary
treatment and seasonal chlorination from May 1 through October 1 of
each year.
Outlets to waters classified "C" shall be preceded by secondary
treatment.
DEFINITION;
(Secondary Treatment) . . . shall mean a process or group of pro-
cesses removing or capable of removing virtually all (i.e. , greater
than 957o) floatable and settleable solids in a raw waste and accomplish
removals of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 day, 20°C.) and Suspended
Solids in the range of 75%-9570.
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NORTH CAROLINA
REQUIREMENT!
In the interest of maintaining and enhancing water quality,
secondary treatment or equally effective treatment and control
shall be considered the minimum acceptable abatement action for
all significant sources of sewage, industrial waste or other
waste regardless of the assigned classification and applicable
water quality standards, unless it can be demonstrated that the
quality of the receiving waters will be maintained and enhanced
by a lesser degree of treatment or control. Advanced waste
treatment processes shall be required insofar as practicable
in instances where a higher degree of treatment is required to
maintain the assigned water quality standards.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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NORTH DAKOTA
REQUIREMENT!
Secondary treatment or equivalent will be required for all
municipal and industrial wastes discharging directly to, or
which will adversely affect, all interstate streams. It is
noted that the listing of treatment needs on the enforcement
plan portion of the Standards lists "new plant", "expansion"
etc. It is the intention that these required facilities be
secondary treatment or equivalent. The dates of compliance
are as listed. If the water quality monitoring program data
provide evidence that any municipal or industrial treatment
plant presently not included under "treatment needs" nor is
discharging directly to interstate waters, is adversely
affecting the quality of interstate waters, such plant will
be required to provide secondary treatment or equivalent
treatment of its wastes by July 1, 1972.
DEFINITION;
Standard waste stabilization lagoons, properly designed and
operated, are considered by this Department to be equivalent
to secondary treatment.
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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OHIO
REQUIREMENT:* DEFINITION:
(Different statements for different interstate waters are found in
the standards:)
(For) Ohio-Pennsylvania interstate waters of the Mahoning River, Pymatuning
and Yankee Creeks, and Little Beaver Creek: All sewage and organic
industrial wastes will be treated to reduce the oxygen-demanding
materials in the untreated waste waters by not less than seventy-five
per cent (75%) . . .
(For) Great Miami, Whitewater, and Wabash River Basins, Maumec,
Tiffin, St. Joseph, and St. Marys River Basins: All sewage will
be given secondary treatment (biochemical oxidation) . . .
All organic industrial wastes will be given secondary treatment and other
constituents will be adequately treated to meet the water quality
conditions and criteria . . .
(For) Interstate waters of the Ohio River between Ohio-West Virginia, and
Ohio-Kentucky and Aschtabula River, Conneaut Creek, and Turkey Creek,
including interstate waters of Ohio-Pennsylvania: All sewage and
organic industrial wastes will be given secondary treatment (biochemical
oxidation) . . .
(For) Lake Erie: All sewage will be given secondary treatment
(biochemical oxidation) . . .
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OKLAHOMA
REQUIREMENT:
The following policy was adopted by the Oklahoma State Board
of Health:
. . . That all wastes discharged to the waters of the State
receive the equivalent of secondary treatment prior to being
discharged, and that action be taken by the State Department
of Health to secure the orderly achievement of this objective
for all wastes under its jurisdiction. The minimum degree of
treatment or control for industrial waste is defined as the
equivalent to municipal secondary treatment.
DEFINITION;
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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OREGON
REQUIREMENT & DEFINITION:
All sewage shall receive a minimum of secondary treatment
or equivalent (equal to at least 85% removal of 5-day
biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids) and shall
be effectively disinfected before being discharged into any
public waters of the state.
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PENNSYLVANIA
REQUIREMENT:
As a matter of common decency, all biodegradable wastes shall
be given a minimum of secondary treatment or its equivalent
for industrial wastes except as hereinafter specified.
An equivalent of secondary treatment is required for non-
biodegradable wastes.
DEFINITION:
Secondary treatment is that treatment that will reduce the
organic waste load as measured by the biochemical oxygen
demand test by at least 85% during the period May 1 to October 31
and by at least 75% during the remainder of the year based on
a five consecutive day average of values; will remove practically
all of the suspended solids; willl provide satisfactory disposal
of sludge; and will reduce the quantities of oil, greases, acids,
alkalis, toxic, taste, and odor producing substances, color,
and other substances inimical to the public interest to levels
that will not pollute the receiving stream.
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RHODE ISLAND
REQUIREMENT:
Appropriate waste treatment shall be secondary treatment with
disinfection or the equivalent. Lesser degrees of treatment
will be permitted only where it can be demonstrated that
attainment of the specified water use class standards of quality
can be effectuated.
DEFINITION:
Secondary treatment includes biological treatment employing either
some form of the activated sludge process, trickling filters,
or other means providing a removal of about ninety per cefct
of the BOD and suspended solids.
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SOUTH CAROLINA
REQUIREMENT:
No wastes amenable to treatment or control shall be discharged
into any State waters without treatment or control. All bio-
degradable waste, prior to discharge into any State waters, shall
receive a minimum of secondary treatment and all other wastes
an equivalent degree of treatment unless it can be demonstrated
that a lesser degree of treatment or control will provide for water
quality improvement consistent with present and anticipated future
water uses.
DEFINITION:
(Secondary treatment means) 85% BOD removal.
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SOUTH DAKOTA
REQUIREMENT;
Adequate waste treatment of municipal and industrial wastes discharged
to interstate waters is secondary treatment or better.
DEFINITION:
"The effluent quality requirement to be used for design purposes
for all communities and industries, unless a higher degree of treat-
ment will be required to meet the criteria adopted by the Committee,
is as follows:
a. The five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) shall not
exceed 30 mg/1 on a daily average and the biochemical
oxygen demand shall not exceed 60 mg/1 at any one time
b. Suspended solids concentrations shall not exceed 30 mg/1
based on a daily average and the suspended solids concentrations
shall not exceed 60 mg/1 at any one time."
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TENNESSEE
REQUIREMENT:
The criteria and standards provide that all discharges of
sewage, industrial waste, and other wastes will receive the best
practicable treatment (secondary or the equivalent) or control
according to the policy and procedure of the Tennessee Stream
Pollution Control Board. A degree of treatment greater than
secondary when necessary to protect the water uses will be required
for selected sewage and waste discharges.
DEFINITION:
Secondary treatment will provide from 75 to 90 percent 5-day
BOD removal and from 80 to 90 per cent suspended solids removal.
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TEXAS
REQUIREMENT:
It is the policy of the State of Texas, acting through the
Texas Water Quality Board, to require primary and secondary
treatment and disinfection (except for oxidation pond effluents)
at all facilities serving the general public and which treat
domestic sanitary wastes. Treatment or control of industrial
wastes is equally as important as the treatment or control of
municipal (domestic) wastes. It is the policy of the Texas
Water Quality Board to require a comparably high standard of
treatment or control of industrial wastes being discharged to
the waters in the State. Therefore, anyone making a waste discharge
from any industrial, public or private project or development which
would constitute a new source of pollution to any of the waters
in the State will be required, as part of the initial project
desing, to provide the highest and best degree of waste treatment
available under existing technology consistent with the best
practice in the particular field affected under the conditions
applicable to the project or development.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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UTAH
REQUIREMENT:
The following standards of quality shall be applied to waste
discharge ... except that no waste of any kind shall be discharged
from controlled areas until subjected to at least secondary
treatment.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standords,
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VERMONT
REQUIREMENT;
Appropriate treatment shall be defined as secondary treatment
with disinfection or its industrial waste equivalent as
determined by the signatory state regulatory agency (Vermont
Department of Water Resources). Lesser degrees of treatment or
control will be permitted only where it can be demonstrated
that attainment of the specified water use class criteria of
quality can be effectuated.
DEFINITION;
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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VIRGINIA
REQUIREMENT:
The State Water Control Board will require that, prior to discharge
to interstate waters, all bio-degradable wastes will receive a
minimum- of secondary treatment; and other wastes will receive an
equivalent high degree of treatment unless it can be demonstrated
that a lesser degree of treatment or control will provide for
water quality enhancement commensurate with proposed present and
future water uses.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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WASHINGTON
REQUIREMENT;
Existing and new domestic waste dischargers shall provide adequate
secondary sewage treatment, disinfection and outfall facilities.
Existing and new commercial and industrial operations discharging
an organic waste shall connect to a municipal system when at all
possible. If connection is not feasible, adequate secondary treat-
ment and outfall shall be provided.
Existing and new commercial and industrial operations discharging
an inorganic waste shall connect to a municipal system if at all
possible. If connection is not feasible, coagulation and sedimentation,
chemical treatment, or other necessary treatment and adequate outfall
shall be provided.
Miere existing and new commercial, industrial or domestic wastes
discharge to salt water, secondary treatment shall be required
unless, after a review of existing data or an engineering study,
it can be demonstrated that a lesser degree of treatment will provide
for protection of present and future water uses and the preservation
or enhancement of existing water quality. In no case, however, will
less than primary treatment together with disinfp"*-«nn and adequate
outfall be accepted.
DEFINITION;
(not officially adopted for interstate waters, but in general use)
. . . the removal of settleable and floatable solids from the waste
flow and the application of additional waste treatment processes to
attain 85% removal of the BOD and 90% removal of suspended solids
with adequate disenfection of the effluent.
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WEST VIRGINIA
DEFINITION:
In adopting and promulgating Section 3.02 (Non-degradation statement)
and the other sections of these Regulations, it was and continues
to be the intent of this Board (State Water Resources Board) to devise
and promulgate criteria that, in order to be met, would require the
highest and best practicable means of waste treatment. This require-
ment is interpreted by the Board to necessitate as an absolute
minimum, secondary treatment of municipal wastes and the equivalent
of secondary treatment of all industrial wastes.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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WISCONSIN
REQUIREMENT:
"Adequate treatment" in the Wisconsin Water Quality Standards
and the Implementation and Enforcement Plans report means
accomplishing secondary treatment for treatable biodegradable
water and an equivalent high degree of treatment of all other
wastes or better.
DEFINITION:
No specific definition incorporated into the standards.
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WYOMING
REQUIREMENT:
It is the policy of the Board that wastes amenable to treatment or
control will receive, prior to discharge into any interstate waters,
the best practical treatment or control unless it can be demonstrated
that a lesser degree of treatment or control will provide for water
quality commensurate with present and future water uses.
DEFINITION:
None.
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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
REQUIREMENT & DEFINITION:
... it is the policy of the District of Columbia to improve
the quality of all its waters as reflected in the standards.
All industrial, public, and private sources of pollution will
be required to provide the degree of waste treatment necessary
to meet the water quality standards.
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GUAM
REQUIREMENT:
All sewage and all wastes prior to discharge will receive the
best practicable treatment or control unless it can be demonstrated
that a lesser degree of treatment or control will provide water quality
commensurate with the uses of the waters of the territory . . .
DEFINITION:
Best practicable treatment is defined herein as not less than that
degree of treatment for municipal or industrial wastes commonly
recognized in sanitary engineering practice as "secondary treatment"
or its industrial waste treatment equivalent or whatever other degree
of treatment or control is found necessary to provide the water
quality required to protect the classified uses of the receiving
water.
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PUERTO RICO
REQUIREMENT:
It is hereby prohibited to any person, to directly or Indirectly
throw, discharge, pour, or dump and/or.cause or allow to be thrown,
discharged, poured or dumped into the coastal waters of Puerto
Rico any kind of domestic or industrial wastes with less than
conventional secondary treatment or control or its equivalent, or
any other substances capable of polluting or creating a potential
threat of pollution in such a way that coastal waters be rendered
below the minimum standards of purity established in these Rules
and Regulations.
DEFINITION:
Nona.
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VIRGIN ISLANDS
REQUIEMENT:
(No secondary treatment requirement listed in the standards.)
None of the sewered cities with harbors in tbe Virgin Islands
now provide sewage treatment. Primayy treatment with chlorination
of effluent before discharge through outfalls equipped with diffusers
to give a minimum of 300 to 1 dillution will be requirred to
protect water quality for marine life and recreational uses.
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