United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
EPA 833-B-97-001
January 1997
Rev. January 2001
U.S. EPA NPDES Permit
Writers' Course
Sacramento, California
January 22-26, 2001
Workbook
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MODULE/TITLE
PAGE
1 Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Program 1-1
2 Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program 2-1
3 NPDES Permits: Types, Components, and Issuance Process 3-1
4 The Permit Application Process 4-1
5 Technology-Based Effluent Limits 5-1
5A Secondary Treatment Standards for Municipal Dischargers 5A-1
5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers 5B-1
5C Best Professional Judgement-Based Permit Limits 5C-1
5D Variances to Permit Effluent Limits 5D-1
6 Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations 6-1
6A Standards to Permits Process 6A-1
6B Introduction to Water Quality Modeling 6B-1
6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations 6C-1
6D Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) 6D-1
6E Variances to Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits 6E-1
7 Monitoring and Reporting Conditions 7-1
8 Special Conditions 8-1
8A Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers 8A-1
9 Standard Conditions of NPDES Permits 9-1
10 Administrative Process 10-1
Exercise - Permit Writing Practical Exercise Ex-1
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MODULE # 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Identify the objectives of the Clean Water Act
* Discuss major provisions of the Clean Water Act
+ State of the purpose of the NPDES Program
«• Illustrate the scope and size of the program in number of permittees
«• Discuss the history and evolution of the NPDES program
* Explain future direction of the NPDES program
LOGISTICS:
:-%»
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 60 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable StatutoraMfii Regulatory Citations:
- '. "' *£jj«c* *••' ,
Clean Wate
A)
33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq
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Module 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
Overview of the Clean Water
Act and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Program
Clean Water Program Development
• 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act
• 1948 Federal Water Pollution Control Act
(FWPCA)
• 1965 Water Quality Act
• 1970 Executive Order - EPA established
• 1970 Refuse Act Permit Program
• 1972 FWPCA Amendments
• 1977 Clean Water Act (CWA)
• 1987 Water Quality Act
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-1
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Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Module 1 Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
Water Quality Act of 1965
Required standards for interstate waters
Enforcement hampered by
- Burden of proof with enforcing agency
- Lack of standards
- No criminal or civil penalties
&EPA
Refuse Act Permit Program (RAPP)
+ Joint program of the Corps of Engineers
and EPA
• Required permits for discharges to public
waterways
• No criteria for making permitting
decisions
• Struck down by a Federal court in 1971
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-2
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Module 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Prograi
Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments -1972
Section 101 (a)
• Objective: Restore and maintain the chemical,
physical, and biological integrity of the nation's
waters
• National Goals
- Eliminate the discharge of pollutants by 1985
- Achieve by July 1,1983, as an interim goal, a
level of water quality that provides for the
protection and propagation of fish, shellfish
and wildlife and provides for recreation in
and on the water
Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments - 1972 (Continued)
t Established NPDES, pretreatment, and
construction grants programs
t Established compliance dates
t Provided for authorization of State
NPDES permitting programs
» Indicated that permit compliance is a
shield
t Established significant penalties for
permit violations
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-3
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Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Module 1 Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
Natural Resources Defense Council
Consent Decree -1976
Required a list of toxic priority
pollutants
Required a list of primary industries
for technology-based controls
Clean Water Act - 1977
• Section 307(a) adopted provisions of NRDC
Consent Decree
• Clarified that Federal facilities are subject to
State programs
* Pretreatment program delegation
- Authorized EPA to approve local pretreatment
program
- Required NPDES States to modify programs to
include pretreatment oversight
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-4
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Module 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutani
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Prograi
Water Quality Act - 1987
• Specifies storm water permitting
requirements
• Designates that Indian tribes be
considered "States"
• Creates Federal sludge management
program
• Increases penalties for noncompliance
• Renews emphasis of surface water toxics
control
NPDES Statutory Framework
• All "point" sources
• "Discharging
pollutants"
• Into "waters of the
U.S."
Must obtain an
NPDES permit
from EPA or an
approved State
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-5
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Module 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
NPDES Permit Program
Distribution of Dischargers'
Majors
4,089
2,552
111
6,752
Type of Facility
Municipal
Non-Municipal
Federal
Total
Minors
17,466
35,359
882
53,707
60,459 Individual Permits
21,176 Applications with Permits Not Issued
•As of
209/00
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-6
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Module 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Prograi
CWA Classes of Pollutants
• Conventional pollutants
- BOD
- TSS
- Oil and Grease
- Fecal Coliforms
- pH
• Toxic pollutants
- Heavy metals
• Copper
• Lead
• Zinc
• Nickel
• Chromium
• Etc.
CWA Classes Of Pollutants (Continued)
• Toxic pollutants (cont'd)
- Organic chemicals
• Benzene
• 1, 2 - Dichlorobenzene
• Carbon tetrachloride
• Etc.
• Nonconventional pollutants
- Ammonia
- Chlorine
- Toxicity
- Etc.
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-7
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Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutant
Module 1 Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
Waters of the United States
40 CFR §122.2
Alt waters currently used, used in the past,
or susceptible to use for interstate or
foreign commerce including all waters
which are subject to the ebb and flow of
the tide...
Examples of "Waters of the US" include:
- rivers and streams - sloughs
- lakes and ponds - playa lakes
- tributaries - territorial seas
- wetlands - others...
Waters of the US (continued)
• What about ground water?
- May be if a direct
hydrological connection
- May be "Waters of the
State"
• What about treatment
ponds or lagoons?
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-8
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Module 1
Overview of the Clean Water Act and the National Pollutantl
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program
NPDES Accomplishments to Date
Since 1972:
• $70 Billion - POTW Construction
• Pollutant loads reduced from 7 to
4.3 thousand tons per day
• Water bodies meeting standards
increased from 37% to 55%
Rivers and Streams*
Threatened
10%
Impaired
35%
* 842,426 of 3.6 million miles assessed.
Source: 1998 State 305(b) reports
Fully Supporting
55%
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
1-9
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1-10
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CLEAN WATER ACT
Key Sections
Title I Research and Related Programs
- Section 101 Declaration of Goals and Policy
Title II Grants for Construction of Treatment Works
Title in Standards and Enforcement
-Section 301 Effluent Standards
- Section 302 Water Quality-Related Effluent Limitations
• Section 303 Water Quality Standards and Implementation Plans
- Section 304 Information and Guidelines [Effluent]
- Section 305 Water Quality Inventory
- Section 307 Toxic and Pretreatment Effluent Standards
Title IV Permits and Licenses
- Section 402 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
- Section 405 Disposal of Sewage Sludge
Title V General Provisions
-Section 510 State Authority
-Section 518 Indian Tribes
Title VI State Water Pollution Control Revolving Funds
1-11
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MODULE #2
Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
+ Identify the general NPDES program areas
*• Provide an overview of the Code of Federal Regulations
* Identify NPDES program regulatory framework (Part 122)
4- List and explain essential sections of Part 122
* Define essential terminology (e.g., point source, pollutant)
* Explain the roles of Federal and State authorities
* Provide authorization status of States
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 402
CWA Section 405
40 CFR Part 122
40 CFR Part 125
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Disposal of Sewage Sludge
EPA Administered Permits Programs: The National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System
Criteria and Standards for the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System
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Module 2 Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
Scope and Regulatory
Framework of the NPDES
Program
&EPA
Learning Objectives
• Define scope of NPDES program
• Describe NPDES regulatory
framework
• Explain role of EPA and State/Tribal
Authorities
• Provide program status
AEPA
NPOES Permit Writers Training Course
2-1
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Module 2
Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
General Definitions
• Clean Water Act Legislation
+ NPDES Regulations
• Policy and Guidance
v>EPA
NPDES Regulation
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
- Where regulations promulgated in FR
are published annually
- Title 40: Protection of Environment
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
2-2
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Module 2
Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
NPDES Regulations (Continued)
Federal Register (FR)
- Where rules are first proposed and
then promulgated
- includes background information
(i.e., preamble)
- Published daily
Key NPDES Regulations
40 CFR Part
121
122
123
124
125
129
130
131
133
136
401
403
405-499
Description
State Certification of Activities Requiring a Federal License or Permit
EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
State Program Requirements
Procedures for Decisionmaking
Criteria and Standards for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards
Water Quality Planning and Management
Water Quality Standards
Secondary Treatment Regulation
Guidelines for Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants
General Provisions
General Pretreatment Regulations
Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
2-3
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Module 2
Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
Scope of NPDES Program
Indirect
Discharger
Municipal
Discharger
w «
40 CFR 122
40 CFR 403
40 CFR 122
40 CFR 257
40 CFR 501
40 CFR 503
40 CFR 122 40 CFR 122
40 CFR 125 40 CFR 125
40 CFR 133
40 CFR 122
40 CFR 125
40 CFR 122
40 CFR 125
Scope of NPDES Program (Continued)
Typ«of
Dlach*rg*/Act
Mty
I
Applicable
Regulation!
j-a
Non -Municipal
..
Mon^rocass 1
WMtewater 1
40 CFR 122
40 CFR 125
40 CFR 405-499
Storm Water
Storm Water
Program
40 CFR 122 40 CFR 122
40 CFR 125
&ER&
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
2-4
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Module 2 Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
NPDES Implementation
• Before State/Tribal program approval:
- EPA issues permits
- EPA conducts compliance and monitoring
activities
- EPA enforces
• After State/Tribal program approval:
- States implement as above
- EPA role = oversight
• Grants
• Administrative, technicai and legal support and training
• Enforcement as necessary
Types of NPDES Authorization
1. Basic Municipal and Industrial
Permit Program
2. Pretreatment Program
3. Federal Facilities Program
4. General Permit Program
5. Sludge Permit Program
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
2-5
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Module 2
Scope and Regulatory Framework of the NPDES Program
Map of Authorization
State NPDES Program Authority
Region 5
Region 1ft,
Region 1
Alaska | /
, o
'"
Hawaii
J No Authority
" Base, FF. PT, Gen
Base, Gen
«Base, PT, Gen
Base, FF, Gen
j Full Authority
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
&EPA
NPOES Permit Writers Training Course
2-6
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FEDERAL NPDES REGULATIONS
(40 CFR Part 122)
Subpart A - Definitions and General Program Requirements
122.1 Purpose and Scope of NPDES Program
122.2 Definitions
122.3 Exclusions
122.4 Prohibitions
122.5 Effect of a Permit
122.6 Continuation of Expired Permits
122.7 Confidentiality of Information
Subpart B - Permit Application and Special NPDES Program Requirements
122.21 Applications
122.22 Signatures Requirements for Applications
122.23 Animal Feeding Operations
122.24 Aquatic Animal Production
122.25 Aquaculture
122.26 Storm Water Discharges
122.27 Silviculture
122.28 General Permits
122.29 New Sources and New Discharges
Subpart C - Permit Conditions
122.41 Standard Conditions
122.42 Standard Conditions Applicable to Specified Categories
122.43 Permit Conditions
122.44 Permit Limitations
(a) Technology Basis (j) Pretreatment Program
(b) Other Basis (not WQ) (k) Best Management Practices
(c) Reopeners (1) Antibacksiiding
(d) Water Quality Basis (m) Private Treatment Works
(e) Priority Pollutants (n) Grants
(f) Notification Levels (o) Sludge
(g) 24 Hour Reporting (p) Coast Guard
(h) Duration of Permits (q) Navigation
(i) Monitoring
122.45 Calculating Limitations
(a) Discharge Points (f) Mass Based Limits
(b) Production Basis (g) Intake Water Pollutants
(c) Metals (h) Internal Waste Streams
(d) Continuous Discharges (i) Discharge into Wells
(e) Non-continuous Discharges
122.46 Duration of Permits
122.47 Schedules of Compliance
122.48 Reporting
122.49 Consideration of Other Federal Laws
122.50 Disposal to Other Points
Subpart D - Transfer, Modification, Revocation and Reissuance, and Termination of
Permit
122.61 Transfer of Permits
122.62 Modification or Revocation and Reissuance of Permits
122.63 Minor Modifications of Permits
122.64 Termination of Permits
2-7
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2-8
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Office of Wastewater Management - NPDES Permit Program
wysiwyg://89/http://www.epa.gov/owm/npdes.htm
SEPA
•Jttttcf State
Envionnixi
of
i Agmcy
OFFICE OF WASTEWATER
MANAGEMENT
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) Permitting Program
I Overview j Program Areas | Training Courses | Permit Forms | Contacts |
I Additional Information |
Overview
The purpose of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Program is to protect human health and the environment. The
Clean Water Act requires that all point sources discharging pollutants into
waters of the United States must obtain an NPDES permit. By point sources,
EPA means discrete conveyances such as pipes or man made ditches. This
does not necessarily mean that a household must obtain a permit to connect
to a city sewer, but the facilities where discharges go directly into surface
waters must obtain a permit. Some pollutants that may threaten public health
and the nation's waters are: human wastes, ground-up food from sink
disposals, laundry and bath waters, toxic chemicals, oil and grease, metals,
and pesticides.
To learn more about NPDES permits, please read our Frequently Asked
Questions and/or section on NPDES Permits Program - General Information.
Program Areas
There are numerous program areas associated with water permitting,
including Animal Feeding Operations, Pretreatment, and Stormwater. Water
Permits Program Areas provides a list of these areas, including overviews
and links.
Training Courses
The EPA offers numerous courses to explain the regulatory framework and
technical considerations of NPDES and some of its supporting programs.
These courses are designed for permiter writers, industrial dischargers, EPA
officials, and other interested parties. Click on the links below to learn more
about these courses.
NPDES Permit Writers' Training Course
Pretreatroent Training Course
Whole Efficent Toxicitv Training Course
NPDES Permit Application Forms
The following NPDES permit applications are in Adobe Acrobat PDF format.
You can obtain a FREE copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader by clicking on the
1 of 3
2-1C
8/18/99 3:25 PM
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Office of Wastewater Management - NPDES Permit Program
wysiwyg://89/http://www.epa.gov/owm/:
icon below.
Get Acrobat"
Reader
Form1: General Information (must be submitted by all facilities applying for
an
individual NPDES permit, with the exception of MS4s)
2A: Application for permit to discharge municipal wastewater from publicly
owned treatment works (POTWs)
2B: Application for permit to discharge wastewater - concentrated animal
feeding operations and aquatic animal production facilities
2C: Application for permit to discharge wastewater - existing manufacturing,
commercial, mining and silvicultural operations (Revisions proposed
for
Form 2C have been discontinued.)
2E>: Application for permit to discharge process wastewater - new sources
and
new dischargers
2E: Application for facilities which do not discharge process wastewaters
2F: Application for permit to discharge storm water associated with
industrial
activity
2S: Application for sewage sludge (biosolids) permit for treatment works
treating domestic sewage (TWTDS)
NPDES ( ontacts
EPA may authorize States, Territories, and Tribes to implement the NPDES
Program. In most States, the state environmental protection office issues
NPDES permits. However, EPA Regional Offices issue NPDES permits in
States that have not received EPA approval to issue permits. These States
may require additional state permits.
Here are the regional and state contacts for NPDES Permits:
EPA Regional Contacts
State Contacts
Additional Informal ion
General Permit Library-
Selected Publications on NPDES Program
Catalog of Publications for NPDES (PDF File*)
Ordering Publications
2 of 3
2-11
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MODULE #3
NPDES Permits: Types, Components, and issuance Process
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Explain the various types of NPDES permits
«• Introduce and discuss the major components of an NPDES permit
* Introduce the decision-making process for effluent limits
* Explain the permit development process
4- Identify process differences for new permits vs. permit renewals vs. re-opened or
modified permits
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 402
CWA Section 405
40 CFR Part 122
40 CFR Part 125
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Disposal of Sewage Sludge
EPA Administered Permits Programs: The National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System
Criteria and Standards for the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System
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Module 3 NPDES Permits: Types, Components, and Issuance Process
NPDES Permits:
Types, Components, and
Issuance Process
SEPA
Learning Objectives
• Describe NPDES permit types
• Discuss major components of
NPDES permit
• Describe the overall permit issuance
process
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
3-1
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Module 3 NPDES Permits: Types, Components, and Issuance Process
What is a Permit?
• It is a license ...
- Issued by the government to persons
conducting business in the United
States
- Granting permission to do something
which would be illegal in the absence
of the permit
• There is no right to a permit and it is
revocable for cause (noncompliance)
• For our purposes, NPDES permit is
license to discharge
Types of NPDES Permits
• Individual
- 1 application submitted -* 1 permit
issued
• General
- 1 permit issued •» many applications
submitted
- Issued on an area-wide (State,
watershed, etc.) basis
- Available when:
• Same or similar operations
• Discharge same wastes
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
3-2
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Module 3 NPDES Permits: Types, Components, and Issuance Process
Individual Permit Issuance Process
Pwiiift and Fact Sheet
Development
EflkwntLMts
Public Notice and
Public Comments
Final Permit
vvEPA
General Permit Issuance Process
Identify Need and
Collect Data
Permit and Fact Sheet
Development
• EflhMM Unite
PUDHC Notice and
Public Comments
Notice of intent
to be Covered
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
3-3
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Module 3 NPDES Permits: Types, Components, and Issuance Process
Permit Components
Industry-Specific
Components
Components of All Permits
Cover Page
Municipal-Specific
Components
Effluent Guidelines
BPJ
BMPs
EfftlMflt LifFM&rtlOfttt
I********
Water QuattyBased
i
Monitoring « Reporting
ReQuJfenwiits . .
i
Special Conditions
• ". rf^^ jl.*-*^.. tfrr h * iliij* i
: • :t : - • compBDnps scnecKMs
• ' • • ' ' O4rih^^UU^^htf» •
•• : • awinwntr ..
^^pHftttJ ^ttirtit. F>nliialioi>i. mil
•"> •• i"ati • r fl • i i ilrt^^iTm it'll
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• Secondary
• Equivalent to Secondary
Bu^rfB^l^rfMI^Mtf
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• cso»
* Municipal jo»age Oltidge
Standard CoodWoiw
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
3-4
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MODULE # 4
The Permit Application Process
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
«• Identify parties responsible for submitting a permit application
* List and provide description of NPDES permit application forms
* Distinguish between requirements for new and existing dischargers
* Discuss application submittal deadlines
* Identify pollutants and parameters to be sampled and reported on the application
* Explain the process of reviewing applications
* Identify common mistakes and omissions in permit applications
* Highlight other useful information and ways of obtaining additional information
* Provide a practical exercise for reviewing permit applications
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture, exercise
Approximate Presentation Time: 45 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 30 minutes
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
40 CFR §122.21
40 CFR §122.22
40 CFR §122.26
40 CFR §122.29
40 CFR Part 122, Appendix D
40 CFR §123.25
Application for permit
Signatories to permit applications and reports
Storm water discharges
New sources and new discharges
NPDES Permit Application Testing Requirements
Requirements for permitting
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Module 4 The Permit Application Process
The Permit Application
Process
vvEPA
Learning Objectives
• 40 CFR 122.21 - Application for a permit
* Who must submit permit applications?
• When are applications due?
• What forms and information are
required for permit applications?
• What are the responsibilities of the
permit writer?
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-1
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Module 4
The Permit Application Process
Who Must Apply for a Permit
> Anyone who discharges pollutants or
proposes to discharge pollutants to
waters of the U.S.
- Signatories - 40 CFR 122.22
> Exceptions include:
- Dredged or fill materials
- Some marine vessel discharges
(e.g., laundry, shower, etc.)
- Non-point source runoff
- Indirect dischargers to POTWs
x-xEPA
When to Apply
Type of
Permit
Individual
General
Type of Discharger
New
Discharger
Source
Existing
New
Existing
Schedule*
180 days before date of
discharge commencement
180 days before expiration of
existing permit
Specified in general permit
X number of days following
issuance of general permit
* Authorized States may use more stringent deadlines.
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-2
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Module 4
The Permit Application Process
Additional Requirement for New Sources
• Where EPA issues permit and finds the permit to be a
major Federal action affecting the quality of the
human environment as defined under the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
- EPA determines whether an environmental impact
statement (EIS) is required pursuant to NEPA
- EIS includes recommendation to issue or deny the permit
• EPA not required to conduct NEPA review for a state-
issued permit, but state environmental policy act may
have similar requirements.
&EPA
EPA Application Forms for NPDES
Individual Permits
Form
1
2A
2S
2B
2C
2D
Titl^Applkability
General Information
New and existing POTWs
Treatment Works Treating Domestic
Sewage (TVVTDS)
New and existing animal feeding
operations and aquatic animal
production facilities
Existing manufacturing, commercial,
mining, and silvicultural discharges
New manufacturing, commercial,
mining, and silvicultural discharges
Regulation Cite
122.21(f)
12231 (j)
122.21(q)
122.21 (i)
12Z21(g)
122.21 (k)
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-3
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Module 4
The Permit Application Process
EPA Application Forms for NPDES
Individual Permits (Continued)
Form
2E
2F
None
None
Title/Applicability
Manufacturing, commercial, mining,
and silvicultural facilities that discharge
only non-process wastewater
Stormwater discharges associated
with industrial activities & discharges
associated with small construction
activity (no later than March 2003)
Stormwater discharges from large
and medium MS4s
Stormwater discharges from small
MS4s (no later than March 2003)
Regulation Cite
I2Z21(h)
12Z26(c)
12Z26(d)
122.33
A
«r
Major Components of Form 2C
I. Outfall location
II. Flow, sources of pollution, treatment technologies
III. Production information (if applicable)
IV. Improvements (if applicable)
V. Intake and effluent characteristics
VI. Potential discharges not covered by analysis
VII. Biological testing data
VIII. Contract analysis information
IX. Certification/signature
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-4
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Module 4 The Permit Application Process
Intake and Effluent Characteristics
Form 2C, Section V
• "Part A" conventional and non-conventional
pollutants including BOD, COD, TOC, TSS,
NH3, flow, temperature, pH
• "Part B" conventional and non-conventional
pollutants (e.g., oil and grease, radioactivity,
color, etc.)
Intake and Effluent Characteristics
Form 2C, Section V (Continued)
"Part C" Priority Pollutants
- Metals, total cyanide, and total phenols
- 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD (dioxin)
- Toxic Organic Pollutants
• Volatile compounds
• Acid compounds
• Base/neutral compounds
• Pesticides
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-5
-------
Module 4
The Permit Application Process
Primary Industries and Required
GC/MS Fractions
Industry Category
Adhesives and sealants
Aluminum forming
Auto and other laundries
Battery manufacturing
Coal mining
Coil coating
Copper forming
Electric and electronic compounds
Electroplating
Explosives manufacturing
Foundries
Gum and wood (all subparts except D and F)
Subpart D - tall oil rosin
Subpart F - rosin-based derivations
Inorganic chemicals manufacturing
Iron and steel manufacturing
Leather tanning and finishing
Mechanical products manufacturing
Nonferrous metals manufacturing
GC/MS Fraction
Volatile
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Acid
X
X
X
-
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Base/Neutral
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pesticide
_
-
X
-
-
-
-
X
-
-
_
X
-
-
-
-
X
-
X
Primary Industries and Required
GC/MS Fractions (Continued)
Industry Category
Ore mining (applies to the base and precious
metals/Subpart B)
Organic chemicals manufacturing
Paint and ink formulation
Pesticides
Petroleum refining
Pharmaceutical preparations
Photographic equipment and supplies
Plastic and synthetic materials manufacturing
Plastic processing
Porcelain enameling
Printing and publishing
Pulp and paperboard mills (see footnote 2)
Rubber processing
Soap and detergent manufacturing
Steam electric power plants
Textile mills (Subpart C-Greige Mills are exempt)
Timber products processing
GC/MS Fraction
Volatile Acid Base/Neutral
_
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
-
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
_
X
X
X
-
X
X
X
-
—
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pesticide
_
-
X
X
-
-
X
X
-
-
X
X
-
-
-
X
X
4-12
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-6
-------
Module 4 The Permit Application Process
Responsibility of Permit Writer
Verify completeness of application
Verify accuracy of application
Reviewing Permit Applications
• Are all spaces filled in, including N/A where
appropriate?
• Do the concentration, mass and flow values
accurately characterize the discharge?
• Are the reported values consistent with
historical information?
• Do concentration values correspond with
analytical detection limits?
• Are signatory and certification requirements
fulfilled (40 CFR §122.22)?
&EPA
NPOES Permit Writers Training Course
4-7
-------
Module 4
The Permit Application Process
Common Omissions
Map required in Form 1
Flow diagram required in Form 2C
Required metals
Required GC/MS fractions for Primary
Industry
Expected toxics and other pollutants
Production rates
Obtaining Additional Information
• Telephone can be used to obtain
required or supplemental
information (add note to permit file)
• Permit writer may request that
applicant submit changes in writing
• Permit writer may request that
applicant submit a new application
to address deficiencies
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-8
-------
Module 4 The Permit Application Process
Other Useful Information
Review DMRs, STORET or PCS data
Review previous applications or
inspection reports
Review development documents,
EPA Treatability Manual, State Water
Quality Standards
Look for information on other
permits (e.g., RCRA hazardous
waste or air permits) A
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
4-9
-------
4-10
-------
MODULE #4
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Review of NPDES Permit Applications
GIVEN: NPDES Application Forms 1 and 2C from Luster Glass Inc.
REQUIREMENT: Review the permit applications from Luster Glass Inc. and answer the
questions below.
QUESTIONS:
(1) Is this facility a POTW or does it have a concentrated animal feeding operation?
(2) Who is Mr. Ceccarelli?.
(3) What does Luster Glass Inc. make?
(4) Did the proper official sign the application form?.
How do you know?
(5) To what body of water does Luster Glass Inc. discharge its process water?
(6) How many outfalls are there at Luster Glass?.
(7) Has the company collected any data on the toxicity of its wastewater?
(8) Does Luster Glass Inc. have its own analytical laboratory for the analysis of priority
pollutants?
(10) Based on the water flow schematic included in the permit application, what wastewaters
are treated at Luster Glass Inc.? What is the total treated wastewater flow?
4-11
-------
(11) What is the wastewater flow after treatment shown on the water flow schematic?
(12) Does wastewater flow into treatment equal wastewater flow out of treatment on the
water flow schematic?
4-12
-------
-. »*»»>ii wi iyisv HI int; un&iiaueu ateds uriiy
f £ chfractfrs/inch).
(fill-in areas are spaced for elite type, i.e.,
ORM I
L. &ERA
Form Approved. OMB No. 204O4O86 Approval expires 7-3148
U.S). KMVtRONMKNTAt. PROTECTION AGENCY
GENERAL INFORMATION
ContollduiudParmto Program
> "General InttmetUmt""
L EPA I.D. NUMBER
LABI L ITEMS"
ffc FACILITY NAME >
FAC£
V- MAIMNC ADDRESS^
If
it In th*
H. POLLUTANT CHARACTERISTICS
as been provided, affix
we. Review the inform-
carefully; if any of ft is incorrect, cross
through it and enter the correct data m the
appropraMa fill in area below, Alao, if any of
the preprlntad data is absent ftfte era* !»
X
B. Ooas or «»at this facility Ithtm sitting or pnpattd)
vfiMtlB avtinMl pivductiofi fJicBity which mults Hi •
dbehai«»to«wtamoflhaUJ8.?(FOflM26)
X
C. It this a facility which currently results in
to waters of the U.S. other than those described In
A or B above? (FORM 2C)
X
X
D. Is tnis a prapoaao facility rainar tAan tneav oocnooo
in A of B aeowey which will remit In a dTacharaa to
FORM 2D) L.
E. Does or will this facility treat, store, or dispose of
hazardous wastes? (FORM 3)
F, Do you or will you inject at this facility industrial or
municipal effluent below the lowermost stratum con-
taining. witMn one quarter mUe of the wall bore,
underground sources of drinUflf water? (FORM 4)
Do you or will you inject at thu facility any produced
kwater or other fluids which are brought to the surface
Fin connection with conventional oil or natural gas pro*
duction, inject fluids used for enhanced recovery of
oil or natural ges, or inject fluids for storage of liquid
hydrocarbons? (FORM 4)
H. DoyouorwiUyoutnjactattftisfscilrtyfluidsfor
del proceesee eucn ae iwwnQ of sulfur by the
proosss, solution mining of minerals. In situ combus-
tion of fossil fuel, or recovery of ajauUietiiiel energy?
(FORM 4) -7. '---.>.-%.-??i-Wr.^-..
1$ this facility a proposed ttMttonery sou*o» wnicn a
one of the 28 industrial categories listed in the In-
structions and which will potentially emit 100 tons
per year of »ny air pollutant regulated under the
Clean Air Act and may affect or be located in an
attainment ares? (FORM 5}
J. Is this facility a proposed sia>Junaiy source which is
NOT one of the 28 industrial cataooites listed in the
instructions and which will potentially emit 250 tons
par yeer of any air poNutaflt regulated under the Clean
Air Act and may affect or be located in an
a? (FORM 5)
X
ft. PHONK (ana cod* A no.)
A. NAME at TITLE (latt, fiftt, « titit)
V. FACILITY MAILING ADDRESS
A. STREET Oil P.O. BOX
0. CITY Oil TOWN
VI. FACILITY LOCATION
A. STBECT. ROUTE NO. OH OTHER SPECIFIC IDENTIFIER
B. COUNTY NAMK
. CITY OR TOWN
EPA Form 3510-1 (Rev. 10-80}
4-13
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
-------
COI
%/li
NTINUED FROM THE FRONT
VII. SIC CODES (4-digit, in orderof priority I
VIII. OPERATOR INFORMATION
B. Ictnanatnaliftadln
ownar?
JR YES Q NO
c. STATUS OF OPERATOR (Enter the appropriate letter into the answer box; If "Other, *>ectfy.)
p. PHONE (area coo* * no.)
F " FEDERAL
S-STATE
P - PRIVATE
M - ru0i.lt; (other toon federal or state)
0 - OTHER (tptcffyt
e Box 31 M
Is tna facility located on Indian lands?
OYES El NO
X EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS
A. NPDES (Discharges to Surface Water)
». FSD Mfr Emissions from Proposed Sources)
m. uic (Underground Injection of Fluidsf
E. OTHER (specify)
c. RCRA (Hazardous Wattes)
K. OTHER (specify)
Attach to this application a topographic map of the area extending to at least one mile beyond properly bounderies. The map must show
the outline of the facility, the location of each of its existing and proposed intake and discharge structures, each of its hazardous waste
treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, and each well where it injects fluids underground. Include all springs, rivers and other surface
water bodies in the map area. See instructions for precise requirements.
XII. NATURE OF BUSINESS (provide abriaf description}
XIII. CERTIFICATION AM ifitttUCtioi
I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in this application and alt
attachments and that, based on my inquiry of those persons immediately responsible for obtaining the information contained in the
application, I "believe that the information is true, accurate and complete. I am aware that then an significant penalties for submitting
false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment.
B. SIGNATURE
I C. DATE SIGNED
7
COMMENTS FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY"
EPA Form 3510-1 (R«v. 10-80) R«
4-14
-------
4-15
-------
4.813
MOD
^^^^^
City
Water
Auto Glass
Tempering
Preparation:
Cutting:
Grinding:
Polishing:
Bending:
Auto Glass
Tempering
Auto Glass
Lamination
Preparation:
Cutting:
Bending:
Washing:
Auto Glass
Lamination
2.5 MOD
Recycled Process
Cooling Water
Cooling Tower
0.96 MGD
1.03 MOD
1.213 MGD
Schematic of
Water Flow
Luster Glass, Inc
Morris, Indiana
Wastcwater
Treatment
System
0.91 MOD
4.13 MOD
0.45 MOD (Blowdown)
Outfall 001
4.563 MOD
7.06 cfs
0.25 MOD
Atmosphere
4-16
-------
Pleese print Of type In the unsheded areas only.
I
:PA l.D. NUMBEHfcopy from Ittm I of Form I)
OMB Na 20404086.
Approval expires 8-31-98.
FORM
U.S. CNVIftONMKNTAl. p-ROYKCTIOI* AGCNCV
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER
EXISTING MANUFACTUftlNG. COMMERCIAL, MINING AND SILVICULTURAL OPERATIONS
Consolidated Permits Program
For each outfall, tilt the latitude and longitude of Its location to the nearnt 15 seconds and the name of the i
'SRjjgfll*
OOi
• . LATITUDE
1. »*•.
m^
1. HIM.
5^
», BBC.
C. LONOITUDE
1. DBS.
1#
a. MIM,
3&
II. FLOWS. SOURCES OF POLLUTION; AND TREATMENT TECHNOL
A. Attach a
and treat
flowa bi
pictorial
llm
smer
tWM
desc
• drawing she
it unttt labele
VI iflttlGftt 0|
ripttofi of till
wvinp the wMw now tnrougr
d to coffaMpond to ttit mort
naturt tod amount of any toi
i tru
deu
l> Ot
•OM
t facility.
lleddescri
itfafl*. If
i of water
i. **e.
o. RECEIVING WATER (name)
I Ltyfi)ov§ RfVS^.
See J|
indicate soui
ptions in tte
i water bale
Ind any collt
B. For each outfall, provide a description of: U) All operation* contributing wane*
cooling water, and storm water runoff; (2) The average flow contributed by each
4ftjaj •rtVH*5n»al •!*«••• tit •uu^a^ofeateu
on •DDtmnBi MfWn IT nvGHHryr
I.OUT-j
r*l
,
T
L
*. OPERATION |9| CONTRIBUTING
a. OPERATION (Oft)
1
^»LB^^;
14 1 H*T>fy£b
^*^5"y*)6b
.
ifinfaiij
m^^m^m^^^mm
m B. Construct a water balance on the line drawin
nee cennot be determined It.g., for c»rttfn mlnlnt
ctton or treeiment measures.
mater to the effluent, including process wanawater
water to ths
......I
effluent.
itctivfttat). provide a
, sanitary wuitewatei,
wartewatar. Continue
J. TREATMENT
*. DESCRIPTION
^tL/tlDAfSQ. S^Pr^AS?^
S~ t . f\ rf.,^ / A ȣ?
^y&t 7*— M3fe 'PriS/A'O
/§1WJ6 Ulcm (^TftcftST'ee^AS
-•
8. LIST CODES PROM
TABLE SC-1
Hf
t-o
EPA Form W10-2C (t*90>
PAGE 1 OF 4
4-17
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FRONT
C. Except for ttorm runoff, iMks, or ipills, »rt»ny of the discharge* described in Item* II-A or B intermittent or seasonal?
Q Yt* (eomfltt* tht following teMcJ CD MO <*° to SteOon HI)
i. OUTFALL
NUMBER
(tot}
Z. OPERATION/iJ
CONTRIBUTING PLOW
(tot)
3. FREQUENCY
a. DAYS
•«» W«K
(ip*ctfy
b. MONTH*
PER YEAR
(iptelfy
meraft)
«. FLOW
•. FLOW RATE
. MJUKIVIU
OAfkV
tx TOT At. VOLUME
iflth unit*)
>. MAXIMUM
A//A
III. PRODUCTION
A. Does an effluent guideline limitation promulgtttd by EPA under Section 304 of the Clean Water Act apply to your facility?
E?r" <"""pltt* turn in-B) G N0 «° to Section IV)
6. An the limitations in the applicable effluent guideline expreued In tarim of production (or othur measure of opumtionn
D-mieomftttt tttm OI-C) jj%*o fro to Stetlon IV)
C. If youwwvMred "y«s"tolt»m Ifl-B, list tn« quantity which represents an actual meesuremantof your level of production, expressed in the terms and units
uaed in the applicable effluent guideline, and indicate the affected outfalls.
1. AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION
4. •VANTITV '«« »*
(tptclfy)
OUTFALU*
f/i«f outfall numbtri)
A. An you now required by any Federal. State or local authority to meet my implementation schedule for the construction, upgrading or operation of w»te-
wit*r ueeiment equipment or practices or any other environmental programs which may affect the discharge* described in this application? This include!,
but is not limited to, permit conditions, administrative or enforcement orders, enforcement compliance schedule letters, stipulations, court orders, and grant
or loan conditions.
fcoHWfat* (ft* /MtowliW tabU)
Q] NO do to I tun JV-B>
. IDENTIFICATION OP CONDITION.
, srrc.
a. ArncrKD OUTPALUT
a. enter DESCRIPTION OP PROJECT
•B. OPTIONAL: You may attach additional sheets describing any additional water pollution control programs (or other environmental projects which m*y affect
.now have underwey or which., yOU; plan. Indicate whether each program is now underway or planned, and indicate your actual or
'WO*' o*1 APOITIONAL CONTBOI. M>OCRAM« i* ATTACHED
EPA Form 3S1O-2C (Rev. 2-BS)
P AG E 2 O F 4
CONTINUE ON PAGE 3
4-18
-------
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2
EPA l.D. NUMBER (copy from Item 1 01 Form
V; INTAKE A»to^FLUE»^ CHARACTERISTICS
B, & C: See inttruetloni before proceeding — Complete one set of tables for each outfall — Annotate the outfall number in the apace provided.
NOTE: Table* V-A, V-8, and V-C are included on separata sheets numbered V-1 through V-9.
D. Uta the ipaea below to list any of the pollutants listed In Table 2c-3 of the instructions, which you know or have reason to believe it discharged or may be
discharged from any outfall. For every pollutant you list, briefly describe the reasons you believe it to be present and report any analytical data in your
1. POLLUTANT
2, SOURCE
1. POLLUTANT
2. SOURCE
VI. POTENTIAL DISCHARGES NOT COVERED BY ANALYSIS.
I is an
I bypr
Is any pollutant Hated in Item V-C a substance or a component of a substance which you currently use or manufacture as an intermediate or final product or
byproduct?
(lilt all iuch pollutants below)
to Item VI-B)
EPA Form 3510-2C (8-90)
PAGE 3 OF A
4-19
CONTINUE ON REVERSI
-------
CONTINUep FROM THE FRONT
VII. BIOLOGICAL TOXICITY TESTING DATA,
Do you have any knowledge or rewon to believe that any biological tart for acute c*Bronte tbxIdtyhaibianmwHoMny
receiving water in relation to your discharge within the last 3 yean? :
of yowdiachargei or on a
(identify Pit ttitd) and detcribe thtir purpou* below)
D no ftp to Section Vim
//u
7//E llSDOS
S&usrrvs- Or
ld*icrry
fyssu&s /teftesseOTEb /A> 7^B3<
/HIjCONTRACT ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Were any of the analyses reported in Item V performed by * contract laboratory or consulting firm?
*ta|ves ie (or gathering the information, trminforrnttiorttubrnftiedis. to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete.
I mm aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine end imprisonment for knowing violations.
A. NAME » OFFICIAL TITLE (type or print)
. PHONE NO. (area coat & no.)
O DATE SIGNED
EPA Form 3510-2C (B-90)
-------
4-21
-------
*<>
li
Oj*
«a
01
e
o
U
ro
It
II
i!
o
4-22
-------
lillfl
O.C » « > 3
U
M
U.
Q
n
ui
CONTINUED FR
PARTC
I:
OJin
;i*s
POLLUTANT
AND CAS
NUMBER
(If available)
3
1M. Antf
TOUl (74
, Arwnlc,
440-38-2)
3M. Berylli
Total. 744
4M. Cadmium.
Totcl (7440-43-9
ium,
-47-
SM. C
Tottl (
^w
d
X
M. Me
7439-
XX^XX
10M. S«l«nlum.
Tottl (7782-49 2)
11M.S1
17440
2M. Th«IHum,
otal (7440-28
RS
Ul
c
Ul
Z
III
O
XX
K
13
(7
J
3
U
e
X
4M. Cyanide,
Total (D7-12-6
BM. Phtnol
oMl
i
I
lwod
loXta
4-23
-------
OJm
5
ui
i
nr
E
8s
UK
.
OJM
—
O
X
I*
*-•?
2V. Acrylonltrll*
(107-13-1)
V. 8«n
71-43-2)
4V. Bli
mtthyll Eth»
(S42-88-1)
V.
7B
II
|*
5i
ill
9V. Chloro
(76-00-3)
OV. 2 Chloro
thylvlnyl Ether
110-75-8)
11
(V
2V. Dlehloro-
romom««h»n»
76-27-4)
loro
-4)
. 1,1-Dlc
lene (7
trtyl
1-4)
20V. Methyl
Bromide (74 83 S
S
4-24
-------
4-25
-------
IU
I.
W
Hn
J5
>
5
<
a.
B
2
S?
• f-h
Slsj
35
I
s
s
£
4-26
-------
4-27
-------
OJ»
g!
0-1 in
*
Ul
3
_
a.
8
5
4-28
-------
4-29
-------
MODULE 4 - SUGGESTED REFERENCE MATERIALS
Application Form 1 - General Information. Consolidated Permits Program CEPA Form
3510-1), EPA, Office of Enforcement, October 1980.
Standard Form A - Municipal (EPA Form 7550-22), EPA July 1973.
Application Form 2B -Concentrated Animal Feed Operations and Aquatic Animal
Production Faculties (EPA Form 3510-2B), EPA, Office of Enforcement, February 1985.
Application Form 2C - Wastewater Discharge Information. Consolidated Permits
F.Yistin Manufacturin. Commercial. Minin, and Silvicultural Oerations
(EPA Form 3510-2C), EPA, Office of Enforcement, February 1985.
Application Form 2D - Wastewater Discharge Information. Consolidated Permits
Program. New Manufacturing. Commercial Mining^ j|nd^ Silvicultural Operations (EPA
Form 3510-2D), EPA Office of Enforcement, February 1985.
Application Form 2E - Facilities Which Do Not Discharge Process Wastewater (EPA
Form 3510-2E), EPA, Office of Water enforcement and Permits, September 1986.
Industrial User Permitting Guidance Manual. Appendix E. Example IU Permit
Application. EPA. September 1989.
Guidance Manual for the Preparation of NPDES Permit Applications for Storm Water
Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity (EPA-505/8-0 1-002). EPA. Office of
Water, April 1991.
Guidance Manual for the Preparation of Part 1 of the NPDES Permit Application for
Discharges from Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (EPA-505-8-91-003A), EPA,
Office of Water, April 1991.
4-30
-------
MODULE #5
Technology-Based Effluent Limits
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
«• Explain the purpose of technology-based requirements for NPDES permits
«• Define the general types of technology requirements for pollutant categories
(conventional, nonconventional, and toxic)
* Provide brief statutory history of technology-based performance standards
* Explain the general concept of use of best professional judgment to supplement effluent
guidelines (for non-municipal)
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301
CWA Section 304
CWA Section 306
CWA Section 307
Effluent Limitations
Information and Guidelines
National Standards of Performance
Toxic and Pretreatment Effluent Standards
40 CFR §122.44(a) Technology-based effluent limitations and standards
40 CFR §122.45 Calculating NPDES permit conditions
40 CFR §125.3 Technology-based treatment requirements in permits
-------
-------
Module 5 Technology-Based Effluent Limits
Technology-Based Effluent
Limits
&EPA
Learning Objectives
Explain the purpose of technology-
based requirements
Describe the types of technology-
based requirements
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5-1
-------
Module 5 Technology-Based Effluent Limits
Technology-Based Requirements
• Purpose
- Establish minimum level of pollutant
controls for all point source
dischargers
• Conventional pollutants
• Non-conventional pollutants
• Toxic pollutants
- Provide equity among dischargers
within categories
Technology-Based Requirements
• Technology-based requirements
implemented through NPDES permits
• National technology-based standards are
available
- Effluent guidelines for non-municipal
- Secondary treatment standards for municipal
• In the absence of National standards
- Technology-based requirements developed
on a case-by-case basis
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5-2
-------
MODULE #5A
Secondary Treatment Standards for Municipal Point-Source Dischargers
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Define secondary treatment standards
* Explain exceptions and alternatives to secondary treatment standards
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture, practical exercise
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 30 minutes
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301(b)(l)(b)
CWA Section 304(d)
40 CFR §122.45(b)(l)
40CFR§125.3(a)(l)
40 CFR Part 133
Effluent Limitations Compliance dates
Application of Secondary Treatment Standards
Production-based limitations
Technology-based treatment requirements in permits (for
POTWs)
Secondary Treatment Regulation
-------
-------
Module 5A Technology-Based Effluent Limits for Municipal Dischargers
Technology-Based Effluent
Limits for Municipal
Dischargers
Learning Objectives
Describe secondary treatment
regulations
Explain equivalent to secondary
requirements
JvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5A-1
-------
Module 5A Technology-Based Effluent Limits for Municipal Dischargers
Flow Diagram of a Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Wastewater
Primary Treatment
Primary
Sedimentation
Secondary Treatment
(Grit Screening*)
Undfill
Final
Effluent
Sludge Disposal
Technology-Based Requirements for
Municipal Dischargers Secondary Treatment
Note: Co
5-Day BOD
TSS
pH
Removal
30 Day Average 7 Day Average
30 mg/l 45 mg/l
30 mg/l 45 mg/l
6-9 —
85% BODs and TSS —
(40 CFR Part 133)
mpliance Deadline = 7/1/88 A
»<.
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5A-2
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Module 5A Technology-Based Effluent Limits for Municipal Dischargers
Calculation of Permit Limits
Must be concentration-based
because secondary treatment
standards are expressed in
concentration units
(40 CFR§122.45 (f)(1)(ii))
May also be mass-based
- If mass-based, use design flow of the
treatment plant (40 CFR § 122.45(b))
vvEPA
Calculation of Permit Limits (Continued)
Example calculation:
5 day BOD: 30 day average = 30 mg/L
POTW Design Flow = 5.0 mgd
BOD Limit = (5 mgd)(30 mg/L)(8.34*) = 1,251 Ibs/day
* 8.34 is the conversion factor
What if:
POTW Actual Flow = 7 mgd ?
POTW Actual Flow = 2.5 mgd ?
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5A-3
-------
Module 5A Technology-Based Effluent Limits for Municipal Dischargers
Exceptions/Alternatives to Secondary
Treatment Requirements
• Substitution of CBODs for BODs [I33.l02(a}(4)]
• Adjustments to reflect:
- Wet weather
- Combined sewers [133.103(a)]
- Industrial wastes [133.103(b)]
- Waste stabilization ponds [133.103(c)]
- Less concentrated influent for separate sewers
[133.103{d)J
- Less concentrated influent for combined sewers
[133.103(e)]
• Substitution of COD or TOC for BODs
[133.104(b)] f
Exceptions/Alternatives to Secondary
Treatment Requirements
• Treatment equivalent to secondary
• Waiver from secondary treatment for
marine discharges
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5A-4
-------
Module 5A Technology-Based Effluent Limits for Municipal Dischargers
Equivalent to Secondary
Must be trickling filter or waste stabilization
pond (lagoon)
Biological treatment > 51 % of treatment
Plant exceeds 30/30 with proper O&M
Water quality not adversely affected
Equivalent to secondary limits:
- Up to 45 mg/l (30 day average)
- Up to 65 mg/l (7 day average)
- Not less than 65% removal
Guidance distributed December 1985
Conditions to Consider in Applying Equivalent
to Secondary Effluent Limitations
• Treatment works operating beyond
the design hydraulic capacity or
organic loading limit are not
considered eligible for equivalent to
secondary limitations
New facilities
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5A-5
-------
Module 5A Technology-Based Effluent Limits for Municipal Dischargers
Conditions to Consider in Applying Equivalent
to Secondary Effluent Limitations (Continued)
Calculation of equivalent to
secondary limitations
Combination of biological treatment
processes employed at a facility
Alternative State Requirements
(ASRs)
Sources of Facility Information
• Application Form 1 and Form A (2A)
• Supplemental information (sludge,
toxicity, CSOs, pretreatment)
• Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs)
• Pretreatment program submissions
• Annual pretreatment reports
• Pretreatment audits
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5A-6
-------
MODULE #5A
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Developing Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
for Publicly Owned Treatment Works
SITUATION:
You are a permit writer responsible for drafting effluent limitations for a wastewater treatment
plant that provides secondary treatment of municipal wastewater.
GIVEN:
Summary of permit application data:
Average Flow:
Maximum Flow:
Design Flow:
Population Served:
Sewer System Type:
7.4 million gallons per day (MOD)
8.5 MOD
10.0 MOD
50,000
100% Separate
Major Industrial Contributors: Dairy; Poultry processor; Pulp and paper mill
Influent concentration BODS = 275 mg/L
Influent concentration TSS = 240 mg/L
Schematic of treatment plant:
5A-7
-------
QUESTIONS:
(1) What effluent limitations would you establish for 5-day Biochemical Oxygen demand
(BODS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and pH for Outfall 001?
(2) Are there any other permit limitations or requirements that would be necessary in order
to comply with secondary treatment requirements? If yes, is this treatment plant in
compliance? Please calculate.
5A-8
-------
MODULE #SB
Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Explain the general process for developing effluent guidelines
* Define treatment standards for point sources (i.e., BPT, BCT, BAT, NSPS)
* Define the terms "existing discharger," "new discharger/' and "new source"
* Explain considerations in applying effluent guidelines
+• Explain distinctions between mass- vs. concentration-based effluent guidelines
«• Define point-of-compliance for technology-based effluent limits
* Describe concept and considerations for integrated facilities
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture, practical exercise
Approximate Presentation Time: 60 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 45 minutes
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301(b)
CWA Section 304(b)
CWA Section 304(m)
CWA Section 306
CWA Section 307(a)
40CFR§122.44(a)
40CFR§122.45(b)(2)
40 CFR §125.3(a)(2)
Effluent Limitations compliance Dates
Guidelines for Effluent Limitations
Schedule for Review of Guidelines
National Standards of Performance
Effluent Standards for Toxic Pollutants
Technology-based effluent limitations and standards
Production-based limitations
Technology-based treatment requirements in permits
(for non-POTWs)
-------
-------
Module 56 Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Effluent Limitations Guidelines
for Non-Municipal Dischargers
SEPA
Learning Objectives
• Describe process used in
developing effluent limitations
guidelines
• Discuss considerations in applying
effluent guidelines
• Explain application of effluent
guidelines
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-1
-------
Module 5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Effluent Limitations Guidelines
• Definition
- Effluent limitations guidelines are National
standards prescribing allowable
discharges of pollutants from industrial
point source categories corresponding to
various levels of treatment or control
technologies
• Scope
- Guidelines are established for most
primary and some secondary industries
&EPA
CWA Technology-Based Control Matrix
Technology-Based Control Level
04(t PfAGticwite Contiol Tflcnnology
Currently Available (BPT)
Bett Convention*! Polluttnt Control
Technology (BCT)
Beet Available Control Technology
Economically Achievable (BAT)
Pretraatment Standards for Existing
Source* (PSES)
Source* (PSNS)
Type of
Discharger
Direct
Direct
Direct
Direct
Indirect
Indirect
Conventional
X
X
X
X
X
Non-
Conventional
X
X
X
X
X
Toxic
X
X
X
X
X
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-2
-------
Module 5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Type of Discharger: Key Definitions
• New Source - Any building, structure,
facility, or installation from which there is
or may be a discharge of pollutants, the
construction of which commenced:
- After promulgation of effluent limitations
guidelines and standards applicable to such
source, or
- After proposal of effluent limitations
guidelines and standards, but only if the
standards are promulgated within 120 days
of proposal
Additional New Source Determination Criteria
• Constructed at a site at which no other
source is located; or
• Totally replaces the process causing the
discharge from an existing source; or
• Processes are substantially independent
of an existing source at the same site; and
• A new source performance standard is
independently applicable to the discharge
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-3
-------
Module 58 Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Type of Discharger: Key Definitions
(Continued)
Existing Source - Any building,
structure, facility, or installation
from which there is or may be a
discharge of pollutants which is not
a new discharger or new source
Statutory Compliance Deadlines for
Technology-Based Requirements
Pollutant Category
Conventional
Conventional
Non-conventional
Non-conventional
Toxic
Toxic
Level of Treatment
BPT
BCT
BPT
BAT
BPT
BAT
Compliance
Deadline
July 1, 1977
March 31, 1989
July 1 1977
March 31, 1989
July 1, 1977
March 31, 1989
NPOES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-4
-------
Module 5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Effluent Limitations Guidelines (Continued)
• CWA Section 304(m)
- Guidelines may be developed for new
or additional industries, such as:
• Centralized waste treatment
• Transportation equipment cleaning
• Industrial laundries
• Metal products and machinery
manufacturers
Implementing Effluent Guidelines
• Effluent guidelines
- Implemented and enforced through
NPDES permits
- Serve as the basis for technology-
based limits
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-5
-------
Module 5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines
Determination of proper category and
subcategory
- Applicability section in regulation
- Preamble to regulation
- SIC Code(s)
(e.g., Copper Forming = SiC Code 3351)
- Development documents
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines (Continued)
Example 1:
Coil
Coating
Metal
Finishing
Non-Contact
Cooling Water
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-6
-------
Module 5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines (Continued)
• Classification of plants that fall under more
than one category
- Must apply all applicable effluent guidelines
- Some guidelines supercede others
- Considerations for common treatment
systems
• BPJ for non-regulated pollutants
• Account for dilution from non-regulated
wastestreams
- Inconsistent limits expressions (units)
- Use internal outfalls
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines (Continued)
Example 2:
Coil Coating mg/m2
Metal Finishing: mg/L
Ferroalloy Manufacturing: kg/mwh
SEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-7
-------
Module 56 Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines (Continued)
• Determination of appropriate measures of
production and flow
- Use reasonable measure of actual production
and flow rate
- Long-term average expected during the term
of permit
- Account for planned changes
- Time period of measurement
• Daily maximum production/flow <•+ Daily maximum limit
• Average monthly production/flow •* Monthly average limit
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines (Continued)
• Use of alternative or tiered limits
- To account for variability of production/flow
(e.g., seasonal)
- Significant = > 20%
- Requires careful examination of production data
- Requires special reporting requirements
• Notification of changed production/flow
• Reporting of production data
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-8
-------
Module 5B Effluent Limitations Guidelines for Non-Municipal Dischargers
Considerations Involved in Use of
Effluent Guidelines (Continued)
• Application of effluent guidelines in permits
- Include all regulated pollutants
- Parameters considered by effluent guideline but
not regulated by effluent guideline
- Include both daily maximum and monthly average
limits
- Express as mass limits unless guideline allows,
or parameter requires concentration-based limit
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5B-9
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5B-10
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 52. No. 214 / Thursday. November 5. 1987 / Rules and Regulations 42325
including the 85 "priority" toxic
pollutant! and classes of pollutants.
Under the Act the EPA is required to
establish several different kinds of
effluent limitations guidelines and
standards. They are summarized briefly
below:
BPT effluent limitations guidelines are
generally based on the average of the
best existing performance by plants of
various sizes, ages, and unit processes
within the category or subcategory for
control of familiar (i.e.. conventional}
pollutants.
In establishing BPT effluent
limitations guidelines. EPA considers
the total cost in relation to the effluent
redaction benefits, the age of equipment
and facilities involved, the processes
employed, process changes required.
engineering aspects of the control
technologies, and non-water quality
environmental impacts (including energy
requirements). The Agency considers
the category-wide or subcategory-wide
cost of applying the technology in
relation to the effluent reduction
benefits.
2. Best Available Tecfanplo
Economically Achievable I
JAIL
BAT effluent limitations guidelines, in
general, represent the best existing
performance in the category or
subcategory. The Act establishes BAT
as the principal national means of
controlling the direct discharge of toxic
and nonconventional pollutants to
navigable waters.
In establishing BAT. the Agency
considers the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the processes
employed, the engineering aspects of the
control technologies, process changes.
the cost of achieving such effluent
reduction, and non-water quality
environmental impacts.
3. Best Conventional Pollutant Control
Technoiojy
The 1977 Amendments to the dean
Water Act added section 301(b)(2)(E).
establishing "best conventional
pollutant control technology" (BCT) for
the discharge of conventional pollutants
from existing industrial point sources.
Section 304(a)(4) designated the
following as conventional pollutants:
BOD. TSS. fecal coliform. pH. and any
additional pollutants defined by the
Administrator as conventional. The
Administrator designated oil and grease
a conventional pollutant on July 30. 1979
(44 FR 4-4501).
BCT is not an additional limitation but
replaces BAT for the control of
conventional pollutants. BAT remains in
effect for the toxic and nonconventional
pollutants. In addition to other factors
specified in section 304(b)(4)(B), the Act
requires that the BCT effluent
limitations guidelines be assessed in
light of a two part "cost-
reasonabieness" test American Paper
fns:i!'jte v. EPA. 660 F.2d 954 (4th Cir.
1961). The first test compares the cost
for private industry to reduce its
discharge of conventional pollutants
with the cost to publicly owned
treatment works for similar levels of
reduction in their discharge of these
pollutants. The second test examines the
cost-effectiveness of additional
industrial treatment beyond BPT. EPA
must find that limitations are
"reasonable" under both tests before
establishing them as BCT. In no case
may BCT be less stringent than BPT.
EPA has promulgated a methodology
for establishing BCT effluent limitations
guidelines (51 FR 24974. July 8. 1966).
4. New Source Performance Standards
LNSPS)
NSPS are based on the performance of
the best available demonstrated
technology. New plants have the
opportunity to install the best and most
efficient production processes and
wastewater treatment technologies. As
a result NSPS should represent the most
stringent numerical values attainable
through the application of best available
demonstrated control technology for all
pollutants (toxic, conventional and
nonconventional).
5. Pretreatment Standards for Existing
Sources (PSES]
PSES are designed to prevent the
discharge of pollutants that pass
through, interfere with, or are otherwise
incompatible with the operation of
publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs). The dean Water Act requires
pretreatment standards for pollutants
that pass through POTWs or interfere
with POTWs' treatment processes or
sludge disposal methods. The legislative
history of the 1977 Act indicates that
pretreatment standards are to be
technology-based and analogous to the
BAT effluent limitations guidelines for
removal of toxic pollutants. For the
purpose of determining whether to
promulgate national category-wide
pretreatment standards. EPA generally
determines that there is pass through of
a pollutant and thus a need for
categorical standards if the nation-wide
average percentage of a pollutant
removed by well-operated POTWs
achieving secondary treatment is less
than the percent removed by the BAT
model treatment system. The General
Pretreatment Regulations, which set
forth the framework for categorical
pretreatment standards, are found at 4:1
CFR Part 403. (Those regulations contain
a definition of pass through that
addresses localized rather than national
instances of pass through and does not
use the percent removal comparison test
described above. See 32 FR 1586,
January 14.1957.)
g. Pretreatment Standards for New
Sources [PSXSJ
Like PSES, PSNS are designed to
prevent the discharge of pollutants that
pass through, interfere with, or are
otherwise incompatible with the
operation of a POTW. PSNS are to be
issued at the same time as NSPS. N'ew
indirect dischargers, like new direct
dischargers, have the opportunity to
incorporate in their plant the best
available demonstrated technologies.
The Agency considers the same factors
in promulgating PSNS as it considers in
promulgating NSPS.
3. Overview of the Industry
The OCPSF industry is large and
diverse, and many plants in the induct.-y
are highly complex. This industry
manufactures over 25.000 different
organic chemicals, plastics, and
synthetic fibers. However, lass than half
of these products are produced in excess
of 1.000 pounds per year. The industry
includes approximately 730 facilities
whose principal or primary production
activities are covered under the OCPSF
SIC groups. There are approximately JCO
other plants which are secondary
producers of OCPSF products, i.e..
OCPSF production is ancillary to their
primary production activities. (As
discussed above in this preamble. this
regulation covers OCPSF discharges
from secondary producers, with certain
exceptions.) Thus the total number of
plants to be regulated totally or in part
by the OCPSF industry regulation is
approximately 1.000. Secondary OCPSF
plants may be part of other chemical
producing industries such as the
petroleum refining, inorganic chemicals.
Pharmaceuticals, and pesticides
industries as well as chemical
formulation industries such as the
adhesives and sealants, the paint and
ink. and the plastics molding and
forming industries.
Some plants produce chemicals in
targe volumes while others produce only
small volumes of "specialty" chemicals.
Large volume production tends to use
continuous processes. Continuous
processes are generally more efficient
than batch processes in minimizing
5B-11
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Federal Register / Vol 52. No. Z14 / Thursday. November 3. 1987 / Rules and Regulations
XIILVa
I aad Modifications
Once the OCPSF regulatioa is ia
effect the numerical effluent limitations
for the appropriate subcategory must be
applied ia ail Federal aad State NPDES
permits thereafter issued to OCPSF
direct dischargers, the pretreatmeat
standards are directly applicable to
indirect dischargers and become
effective aa discussed in I 414.12 of the
regulation.
For the BPT effluent limitations, the
only exception to the limitations
contained in the regulation is EPA's
"fundamentally different factors'*
variance. See £ /. duPont d* Nemours
aad Co, v. Train. 430 U.S. 112 (1977);
Wcymrnaeustr Co. v. CostJe. supra. This
variance recognizes factors concerning a
discharger that are
Jly different from the factors
particular
t__j___—_
considered in this raiemaking. However.
the economic ability of the individual
operator to meet the compliance coat for
BPT standards ia not a consideration for
granting a variance. See National
Gvssnerf Stone Association v. EPA. 440
U.S. M (1980). Although this variance
daaae was originally set forth ia EPA'a
1973-1979 categorical industry
regulations, it is now included in the
general NPDES regulations and will not
be included n the OCPSF or other
specific industry regulations. See 40 CFR
Part 125. Sobpart D.
the BAT limitations in this regulation
also are subject to'EPA's
"fundamentally different factors"
variance. However, section 300 of the
Water Quality Act of 1987 added a new
section 301(n) to the Act which
somewhat limits the availability of FDF
variances from BAT effluent limitations
guidelines. An FDF application must be
based solely on information and
supporting data submitted to EPA during
the rulemaking establishing the
limitations that discussed the
fundamentally different factors, or on
information and supporting data that the
applicant did not have a reasonable
opportunity to submit during the
ruleinaking. The alternative requirement
must be no less stringent than justified
by the fundamental difference and must
not result in markedly more adverse
non-water quality environmental
impacts than those considered by EPA
in establishing the guideline.
Indirect dischargers subject to PSES
are also eligible for the "fundamentally
different factors" variance. See 40 CFR
403.13. They are aubject to essentially
the same new statutory provisions for
FDF variances as discussed above for
BAT.
Readers should note that EPA has not
yet amended its FDF variance regulation
to conform to the provisions of the
Water Quality Act of 1987. The
regulation promulgated today refers to
the existing regulatory sections.
However. EPA recognizes that the new
section 301(n) of the Act overrides the
existing FDF regulation to the extent of
any inconsistency, and EPA does intend
to modify the FDF regulation to conform
to the new statutory requirements.
Indirect dischargers subject to PSES
and PSNS are eligible for credits for
toxic pollutants removed by a POTW.
See section 307(b) of the CWA and 40
CFR VttJ. The removal credits
regulation was remanded to EPA ia
Natural Resources Oe/cas* Council v.
EPA. 790 Fid 289 (3rd Or. 1988). The
court held that some of the means by
which EPA considered local POTW
removal efficiencies were not
sufficiently stringent and that credits for
POTW removals may not be authorized
until comprehensive regulations for the
use and disposal of sludge are
promulgated wider section 409(d] of the
CWA. However, it should be noted that
pretreatment standards for the OCPSF
industry, like other categorical
pretreatment standards, have been
promulgated based upon the
assumptions that indirect dischargers
will be required to comply with the
standards without removal credits, and
thus that they are subject to the full
costs of complying with PSES.
of Limitations and
XIV.
Standards
A. Flow Basis
The limitations promulgated today are
concentration-based and thus do not
regulate flow. The permit writer must
use a reasonable estimate o! process
westewater flows aad the concentration
limitations to develop mass limitations
for the NPDES permit Process
wastewater discharge is defined in the
regulation (40 CFR 401.11) to include
wastewaters resulting from manufacture
of OCPSF products that come in direct
contact with raw materials, intermediate
products, or final products, and surface
runoff from the immediate process area
that has the potential to become
contaminated. Noncontact cooling
waters, utility wastewaters. general site
surface runoff, ground waters, and other
nonprocess waters generated on site are
specifically excluded from the definition
of process wastewater discharges. In
cases where the process wastewater
flow claimed by industry may be
excessive, the permit writer may
develop a more appropriate process
wastewater flow for use in computing
the mass effluent or internal plant
limitations. The following items should
be considered ia developing the more
appropriate process wastewater flow:
1. A review of the component flows (I
insure that the claimed flows are. in
fact process wastewater flows as
defined by the regulation:
2. A review of plant operations to
insure that sound water conservation
practices are being followed. Examples
are: minimization of process water uses:
cascading or countereurrent washes or
rinses, where possible: reuse or recycle
of intermediate process waters or
treated wastewaters at the process area
and in wastewater treatment operations
(pump seals, equipment and area
washdowna. etc.).
3. A review of barometric condenser
use at the process level Often.
barometric condensers will generate
relatively large volumes of water
contaminated at low levels.
Replacement of barometric condensers
with surface condensers can reduce
wastewater volumes significantly and
result ia collection of condensates that
may be returned to the process.
The final NPOES permit limitations
will be the sum of the mass effluent
limitations derived as described above
and any mass effluent limitations
developed oa a case-by-case basis using
best professional judgment by the
permit writer to take into account
nonpracesa wastewater discharges.
B. Relationship to NPDES Permits
The BPT and BAT limitations and
NSPS in this regulation will be applied
to individual OCPSF plants through
NPDES permits issued by EPA or
approved state agencies under section
402 of the Act. As discussed in the
preceding section of this preamble, these
limitations must be applied in ail new.
modified and reissued Federal and State
NPDES permits except to the extent that
variances are expressly authorized.
Other aspects of the interaction between
these limitations and NPDES permits are
discussed below.
One subject that has received
different judicial rulings is the scope of
NPDES permit proceedings when
effluent limitations and standards do not
exist. Under current EPA regulations.
States and EPA regions that issue
NPOES permits before regulations are
promulgated must establish effluent
limitations on a case-by-case basis. This
regulation provides a technical and legal
base for new or modified or reissued
permits.
One issue that warrants consideration
is the effect of this regulation on the
powers of NPDES permit-issuing
authorities. EPA has developed the
limitations and standarda m this
5B-12
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MODULE #5B
Example of Concentration-Based Effluent Guideline Calculations (Maximum Daily Limit)
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
40 CFR Parts 414 and 416
Component
Ground Water
Process Water
Cooling Towers
Total
Reported Average Flow (mgd)
0.60
2.40 (1.10 mgd for metal bearing wastestream)
0.30
3.30
BAT Calculation for Nitrobenzene:
Since the effluent guidelines state that only process water should be used in the calculation, the
allowable mass discharge is calculated as follows:
(68 ug/l)*(2.40mgd)*(8.34)*(.001mg/ug) = 1.36 Ib/day
BAT Calculation for Lead:
Since the effluent guidelines state that only the flow from "metal bearing" wastestreams be used
for calculation of allowable mass discharge, the limit is calculated as follows:
(690 ug/l)*(1.10mgd)*(834)*(.001mg/ug) = 6.33 Ib/day
5B-13
-------
5B-14
-------
Point
Source* Th4* Us* tiKJ-of-Flstt M-
ologkal Tisjejlmesnt
1414.90 Applicability, description of the
siibcatefory of direct discharge point
sources that use end-of-pipe biological
- treatment.
The provision* of this subpart are
applicable to the process wastewater
discharges resulting from the manu-
facture of the OCPSF products and
product groups defined by 1414.11
from any point source that uses end-
of-pipe biological treatment or Installs
end-of-pipe biological treatment to
comply with BPT effluent limitations.
1414.91 Toxic pollutant effluent limita-
tions and itandards for direct dis-
charge point soureei that use end-of-
pipe biological treatment.
(a) Any point source subject to this
subpart must achieve discharges not
exceeding the quantity (mass) deter-
mined by multiplying the process
wastewater flow subject to this sub-
part times the concentrations in the
following table.
(b> In the case of chromium, copper.
lead, nickel, zinc, and total cyanide.
the discharge quantity (mass) shall be
determined by multiplying the concen-
trations listed in the following table
for these pollutants times the flow
from metal-bearing waste streams for
the metals and times the flow from cy-
anide-bearing waste streams for total
cyanide. Metal-bearing waste streams
and cyanide-bearing waste streams are
defined as those waste streams listed
in Appendix A of this part, plus any
additional process wastewater streams
identified by the permitting authority
on a case-by-case basis as metal or cya-
nide bearing baaed upon a determina-
tion—
(1) That such streams contain signif-
icant amounts of the pollutants identi-
fied above and that
(2) The combination of such
streams, prior to treatment, with the
Appendix A waste streams will result
in substantial reduction of these pol-
lutants.
This determination must be based
upon a review of relevant engineering,
§414.91
production, and sampling and analysis
Information,
ToMOmmun
Tow Copper
5B-15
-------
§ 414.100
Effluent characteristics
Total &K'
Effluent)
BAT and
Max»-
mum for
anyone
day
2.610
mitations
NSPS1
Maxi-
mum for
monthly
average
1,050
1 All unit* art micrograms per liter.
* Total Zinc for Rayon fiber Manufacture that uaea
the viaeoaa process ar»a_Acry»ic Fiber Manufacture
that uaea the zinc chionde/solvent process is 6,796
jig/I and 3.325 M^jtor maximum Ipr-any one day
and maximum for monthly average, respectively.
[52 PR 42568, Nov. 5.1987. a* amended at 54
PR 27352. June 29.1989]
Subport J—Direct Discharge) Point
Sovrco* That Do Not Uso End-of-
Plpo Hologkol Treatment
9414.100 Applicability; description of the
subcategory of direct discharge point
sources that do not use end-of-pipe bio-
logical treatment
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to the process wastewater
discharges resulting from the manu-
facture of the OCPSF products and
product groups defined by {414.11
from any point source that does not
use end-of-pipe biological treatment
and does not install end-of-pipe biolog-
ical treatment to comply with BPT ef-
fluent limitations.
§414.101 Toxic pollutant effluent limita-
tions and standards for direct dis-
charge point sources that do not use
end-of-pipe biological treatment
(a> Any point source subject to this
subpart must achieve discharges not
exceeding the quantity (mass) deter-
mined by multiplying the process
wastewater flow subject to this sub-
part times the concentrations in the
following table.
(b) In the case of chromium, copper.
lead, nickel, zinc, and total cyanide.
the discharge quantity (mass) shall be
determined by multiplying the concen-
trations listed in the following table
for these pollutants times the flow
from metal-bearing waste streams for
the metals and times the cyanide-bear-
ing waste streams for total cyanide.
Metal-bearing waste streams and cya-
nide-bearing waste streams are defined
40 CFI Ch. I (7-1-91
as those waste streams listed in AD.
pendix A of this part, plus any adkfT
tional process wastewater stream.
identified by the permitting authority
on a case-by-case basis as metal or cyt>
nide bearing based upon a determin.
tion—
(1) That such streams contain sigmj.
leant amounts of the pollutants identi.
f ied above and
(2) That the combination of such
streams, prior to treatment, with the
Appendix A waste streams would
result in substantial reduction of these
pollutants.
This determination must be based
upon a review of relevant engineering ,
production, and sampling and analysis
information.
Effluent characteristics
AcrytortW*..,..
1,1.2-TrichtareMhm.
CMoroefiene
1..
1.1-OcMonwAytarw.
1.2-nm-acMomeiyiwtt.
1^-OicMoreprapm
1.3-DMilaugopyHn
EthytMrmiw
kMhyMM CNonb*.
MoMhyt CMonde)
2.4-OMnpnml.~
4.6-Oinilra-o-crwol .
Vinyl CNorid*
Total Cnremium
Total Copptr
Total Cyand*
Total
BAT effluent
limitations and
NSPS1
Maxi-
mum for
day
232
134
3*0
3SO
794
7S4
574
5*
794
50
127
295
329
794
300
380
00
68
794
794
380
170
295
380
6.402
231
578
4.291
277
164
74
69
172
2.770
3.380
1.200
680
3.980
Ma»
mum for
M
S7
142
. 142
1«
1M
189
22
1M
22
32
110
111
IN
142
142
22
25
196
196
142
31
110
142
2J37
as
iaa
1.287
71
52
9
»
V
1,110
1,450
420
320
i.aas
5B-16
-------
Port 414, App. A
«,_—
TOtll Zrf*C * T-— TTtT-
8AT effluent
Nmitaaons and
NSPS1
Man-
mum for
any on*
2.610
Man-
mum for
MtMMttofc*
Him ID Ny
average
1.050
> All unit* ar* microo/ams p*r Nter.
» Total Jme for Rayon Fib*r Manufacture that ua*a
th* visoo** proe*** and Acryfc Roars Manufacture
that ua*a tn* one cWoride/soWint process i» 6.796
ufl/l and 3.325 pe/l for maximum for any on* day
and maximum for monthly av*ra0*. respectively.
[52 PR 42568. Nov. 5.1M7. a* amended at 54
PR 27352, June 29, 1989; 55 PR 26692, June
29.19901
APPENDIX A TO PART 414—NON-COM-
FLEXED METAL-BEARING WASTE
STREAMS AND CYANIDE-BEARING
WASTE STREAMS
Chromium
hy-
Methylhydroabietate/Esterification of
droabietic acid (roaln) with methanol
Acrylic add/Oxidation of propylene vim
acrolein
N-butyl alcohol/Hydrogenatlon of n-Butyr-
aldehyde, Oxo process
Cyclohexanone/Prom phenol via cydohex-
anol by hydrogenation-dehydrogenation
Fatty amines/Hydrogenation of fatty nl-
triles (batch)
Helioptropln/Oxidation of Isosafrole. chro-
mium catalyst
Isobutanol/Hydrogenatlon of isobutyralde-
hyde. Oxo process
Cyclohexyl Mercaptan/Cyclohexanol + Hy-
drogen sulfide
Ethyl Mercaptan/Ethanol •+• Hydrogen sul-
flde
Methanol/HP. Synthesis from natural gas
via synthetic gas
Oxo Alcohols. CT-Cll/CSTbonation A hy-
drogenatlon of C6-C10 Olefins
Polyoxypropylene diamine/Polypropylene
glycol -t- Ammonia
n-Propyl alcohol/Hydrogenatlon of propton-
aldehyde. Oxo process
SAN resin/Suspension polymerisation
Styrene/Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene
Styrene/Dehydration of methyl benzyl alco-
hol (coproduct of propylene oxide)
1-Tetralol. 1-Tetralone mix/Oxidation of te-
tralin (1.2.3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalenc)
3.3.3-Trifluoropropene/Catalyzed hydrogen
fluoride exchange with chlorinated pro-
pane
Vinyl toluene/Dehydrogenation (thermal)
of ethyltoluene
Copper
Methylhydroabietate/Esterification of hy>
droabietic add (rosin) with methanol
Acetaldehyde/Oxldation of ethylene with
cupric chloride catalyst
Acetic add/Catalytic oxidation of butane
Acetone/Dehydrogenation of isopropanol
Acrylamide/Catalytic hydration of acryloni-
trile
Acrylic acid/Oxidation of propylene via
acrolein
Acrylonltrile/Propylene ammoxidation
Adlpic add/Oxidation of cydohexanol-cy-
dohexanone mixture
Adipic add/Oxidation of cyclohexane via
cyclohexanol-cydohexanone mixture
AUynitrile/AUychlorlde > sodium cyanide
Anlline/Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene
Benzofurans. 2.3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-
bensofuranol/ from o-Nitrophenol +
Methallyl chloride
n-Butyl alcohol/Hydrogenation of n-Butyr-
aldehyde. Oxo process
1.4-Butanediol/Hydrogenation of 1.4-butyn-
ediol
Butryolactone/Dehydrogenation of 1.4-bu-
tanedlol
Caprolactam/From cyclohexane via cyclo-
hexanone and its oxime
LUian (hydroxydlhydrodtroneUal)/Hydra-
tlon and oxidation of dtronellol
1.2-Dichloroethane/Oxyhydrochlorlnation
of ethylene
Dialkyldithiocarbamates, metal salts/Dial-
kylamines -t- carbon disulfide
2-Ethylhexanol/from n-Butyraldehyde by
Aldo condensation and hydrogenation
Fatty amines/Hydrogenation of fatty ni-
triles (batch)
Geranlol/B-Myreene + Hydrogen chloride.
esterlf Ication of geranyl chloride, hydroly-
sis of geranyl acetate
Furfuryl alcohol/Hydrogenatlon of furfural
Geranial
-------
58-18
-------
MODULE #5B
Example of Production-Based Effluent Guideline Calculations (Daily Maximum)
Non-Ferrous Metals Manufacturing
40 CFR Part 421
Given;
Facility is subject to 40 CFR Part 421, Subpart J (Primary Tungsten). The facility utilizes a
Tungstic Acid Rinse, an Acid Leach Wet Air Pollution Control system, and an Alkali Leach
Wash in its manufacturing process.
Long-term Average Production Rate: 4.7 million pounds per day of Tungstic Acid
3.5 million pounds per day of Sodium Tungstate
BPT Calculation for Lead f§ 421.102V
a) Tungstic Acid Rinse
(4.7 million lbs/day)*(17.230 Ibs/million Ibs) = 80.981 Ibs/day
b) Acid Leach Wet Air Pollution Control
(4.7 million lbs/day)*(l5.040 Ibs/million Ibs) = 70.688 Ibs/day
c) Alkali Leach Wash
(3.5 million Ibs/day)*(0.000 Ibs/million Ibs) = 0.000 Ibs/day
d) Total Allowable Discharge = 80.981 + 70.688 + 0.000 = 151.669 Ib/dav
BAT Calculation for Lead f§ 421.103V
a) Tungstic Acid Rinse
(4.7 million Ibs/day)*(11.490 Ibs/miliion Ibs) = 54.003 Ibs/day
b) Acid Leach Wet Air Pollution Control
(4.7 million lbs/day)*( 1.003 Ibs/million Ibs) = 4.714 Ibs/day
c) Alkali Leach Wash
(3.5 million lbs/day)*(0.000 Ibs/million Ibs) = 0.000 Ibs/day
d) Total Allowable Discharge = 54.003 + 4.714 + 0.000 = 58.717 Ib/dav
5B-19
-------
5B-20
-------
Subpart J—Primary Tungstem
1421.100 Applicability: Description of the
primary tunfsten subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to discharges resulting from
the production of tungsten at primary
tungsten facilities.
[49 PR 8812. Mmr. 8. 1984]
§ 421.101 Specialized definitions.
For the purpose of this subpart the
general information, abbreviations,
and methods of analysis set forth in 40
CFR part 401 shall apply to this sub-
part.
§421.102 Effluent limitations guMeUne*
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best practicable control technology
currently available.
Except as provided in 40 CFR 129.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart shall
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable technol-
ogy currently available:
(a) Subpart J—Tungstic Acid Rinse.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
PoMant or petulant proparty
t m^gi
pH
iMamum
tor any 1
day
mo/kg (pom
pound*) of
(a»W)pnx
17^30
59.900
1.883.000
(')
Mawnjrn
t* par mtton
moad
a^os
29.030
2.404.00
800.000
(')
(b) Subpart J—Acid Leach Wet Air
Pollution Control.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
PoNutaVit of poMutkvit property
MttQfflUffl
tar any i
<*y
MttMTUTt
for fimfilnfy
•waga
(pounds pv mMion
pounds) of tuno/Wc Acid
(at W) produced
Anmon* (a» N)
Total «Mpandad MM*..
15.040
SZ280
4.773.000
1,488.000
7.182
21.840
2,098.000
888.300
1 WNHn tha rang* of 7.0 to 10.0 at afl'
(c) Subpart J—Alkali Leach Wash.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
for any i
day
mo/kg (pound* par miHon
pound!) of tedium tune-
(aa W) produead
2ne.
j
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
§421.103 Effluent limitation* guidelines
repneenting the degne of effluent re-
auction attalnabte by the application of
the beat available technology economi-
cally aehierable.
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart shall
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable:
i wmn ttw rang* ot 7.0 to 10.0 at aM
5B-21
-------
(a) Subpart J—Tungattc Acid Rinse.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Poflutmt of poAutBnt property
lor any i
Mvtimum
for monthly
mg/ko, (pound* par million
pounds) of tjnojrtc Mid
(M W) producad
Zinc..
11.490
4i.aso
5.468.000
5.333
17.230
2.404.000
(b) Subpart J—Add Leach Wet Air
Pollution Control.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
or poMulvH praporty
mg/hg (potndt ptr rnflon
(M W) prodund
1.003
3.663
477.400
1.504
(c) Subpart J—Alkali Leach Wash.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pofaant or poiutmt prapwiy
(orwyi
el Mdum king-
(«*)
Zinc
AfffVflonA (AS N}»
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0400
0.000
5B-22
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Engineering and Analysis
Division (4303)
Washington, DC 20460
Phone (202) 260-7120
Fax (202) 260-7185
April 1999
» EPA
Industrial Wastewater
Contacts in the
Effluent Guidelines Program
Industry/Subject
Regulation
Person
Phone (Area Code 202)
Acid Mine Drainage
Airports - see Deicing
Alternate Test Procedures (ATPs) 40 CFR 1 36
^BMuminum Forming 40 CFR 467
Analytical Methods Support 40 CFR 1 36
(Also see PBMS}
Animal Feedlots Operations 40 CFR 412
Aquaculture
Asbestos Manufacturing 40 CFR 427
Asphalt - see Paving and Roofing Materials
Battery Manufacturing 40 CFR 461
Beef Feedlots
Canmaking - see Coil Coating
Carbon Black Manufacturing 40 CFR 458
^^attle Feedlots 40 CFR 412
^^ement Manufacturing 40 CFR 41 1
Bill Telliard
Joe Vital is
Maria Gomez-Taylor
Khouane Ditthavong
George Jett
Bill Telliard
Maria Gomez-Taylor
Jan Goodwin
Ron Jordan
Anna Kinney
Mike Clipper
Ron Kirby
George Jett
Ron Jordan
George Jett
Ron Jordan
Ron Kirby
260-7134
260-7172
260-1639
260-6115
260-7151
260-7134
260-1639
260-7152
260-7115
260-7127
260-1278
260-7168
260-7151
260-7115
260-7151
260-71 1 5
260-7168
5B-23
-------
EPA Industrial Wastewater Contacts
Centralized Waste Treatment
Jan Matuszko
Tim Connor
Chemicals - see Gum & Wood, Inorganic, Organic, Pesticides
Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP)
Cluster Rule - see Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard
40 CFR 434
Coal Mining
(Coal Remining, Western Coal,etc.)
Coil Coating
(includes Canmaking)
Construction & Development
Cooling Water Intake Structures
[Clean Water Act - Section 316(b)]
Copper Forming
Dairy Products Processing
De-icing
Detection issues
(Low Level Detection)
Sheila Frace
Bid Telliard
Joe Vitalis
40 CFR 465 George Jett
Eric Strassler
Jesse Pritts.
40 CFR 401.14 Deborah Nagle
40 CFR 468 George Jett
40 CFR 405 Don Anderson
Shan Zuskin
Bill Telliard
Henry Kahn
Development Documents (To Order) - see Water Resource Center
Docket - see Water Docket
Drinking Water Methods - see Analytical Methods
Drum Reconditioning
Economic Analysis
Effluent Guidelines Plan
[Clean Water Act - Section 304(m)]
Bill Teiiiard
Maria Gomez-Taylor
Woody Forsht
Eric Strassler
Effluent Guidelines Task Force
Electrical & Electronic Components
Beverly Randolph
40 CFR 469 George Jett
260-9126
260-3164
260-7120
260-7134
260-7172
260-7151
260-7150
260-7191
260-2656
260-7151
260-7189
260-7130
260-7134
260-5408
260-7134
260-1639
260-7190
260-7120
260-7150
260-5373
260-7151
5B-24
-------
EPA Industrial Wastewater Contacts
1
Electroplating 40 CFR 41 3
Environmental Monitoring Methods Index (EMM I)
Ethanol for Fuel
Explosives Manufacturing 40 CFR 457
Federal Register Notices (General)
Feedfots - see Animal Feedlots Operation
Ferroalloy Manufacturing 40 CFR 424
Fertilizer Manufacturing 40 CFR 418
(Nitrogen & Phosphate)
Fish Hatcheries
Mike Ebner
Marion Thompson
Maria Gomez-Taylor
Bill Telliard
Joe Vitalis
Bev Randolph
George Jett
Anna Kinney
Mike Clipper
Foods - see Dairy, Fruits & Vegetables, Grain Mills, Meat Products, Poultry, Seafood,
Foods and Beverages, Miscellaneous
Foundries - see Metal Molding & Casting
Fruits & Vegetables Processing 40 CFR 407
Glass Manufacturing 40 CFR 426
Gold Mining - see Ore Mining & Dressing
Grain Mills 40 CFR 406
Gum & Wood Chemicals Manufacturing 40 CFR 454
Hog Feedlots
Hospitals 40 CFR 460
Incinerators - see Industrial Waste Combustors
Industrial Laundries
Industrial Waste Combustors
Don Anderson
Don Anderson
Wendy Smith
Ron Kirby
Don Anderson
Don Anderson
Jan Goodwin
Frank Hund
Marta Jordan
Samantha Hopkins
260-5397
260-7117
260-1639
260-7134
260-7172
260-5373
260-7151
260-7127
260-1278
Sugar
260-7189
260-7189
260-7184
260-7168
260-7189
260-7189
260-7152
260-7182
260-0817
260-7149
(formerly titled Incinerators)
I
nk Formulating
40 CFR 447
Don Anderson
260-7189
5B-25
-------
EPA Industrial Wastewater Contacts
Inorganic Chemicals 40 CFR 41 5
Internet Information
Iron & Steel Manufacturing 40 CFR 420
Landfill Leachate
Leather Tanning & Finishing 40 CFR 425
Low BTU Gasification
Marine Discharges from Vessels of the
Armed Forces [CWA312(n)]
(Sometimes called UNDS)
Meat Products 40 CFR 432
Metal Finishing 40 CFR 433
Metal Molding & Casting (Foundries) 40 CFR 464
Metal Products and Machinery
Anna Kinney
Bev Randolph
George Jett
Kevin Tingley
Mike Ebner
John linger
Don Anderson
Bill Telliard
Greg Stapleton
Ron Jordan
Don Anderson
Mike Ebner
George Jett
Shari Zuskin
Mike Ebner
Tim Connor
Ahmar Siddiqui
260-7127
260-5373
260-7151
260-9843
260-5397
260-4992
260-7189
260-7134
260-0141
260-7115
260-7189
260-5397
260-7151
260-7130
260-5397
260-3164
260-1826
Mineral Mining & Processing
40 CFR 436
Ron Kirov
260-7168
Mining - see Acid Mine Drainage, Coal Mining, Gold Mining, Mineral Mining & Processing, and
Ore Mining & Dressing
Nonferrous Metals Forming
(includes Metal Powders)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Norfolk Analytical Conference
Oil and Gas Extraction
Offshore
Coastal/Onshore
Synthetic Drilling Fluids
40 CFR 471 George Jett
40 CFR 421 George Jett
40 CFR 435
260-7151
260-7151
Bill Telliard
Cindy Simbanin
Ron Jordan
Chuck White
Ron Kirby
Marv Rubin
260-7134
260-5019
260-7115
260-5411
260-7168
260-3028
5B-26
-------
EPA Industrial Wastewater Contacts
Ore Mining & Dressing
Organic Chemicals, Plastics &
Synthetic Fibers
Paint Formulating
Paving and Roofing Materials
(Tars and Asphalt)
Performance-Based Measurement
Systems (PBMS)
Pesticide Chemicals
Petroleum Refining
pH Effluent Limitations under
Continuous Monitoring
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
i
9
Phosphate Manufacturing
Photographic Processing
40 CFR 440
40CFR414
40 CFR 446
40 CFR 443
40 CFR 136
40 CFR 455
40 CFR 41 9
40 CFR 401. 17
40 CFR 439
40 CFR 422
40 CFR 459
Ron Kirby
George Jett
Don Anderson
Bill Telliard
Bill Telliard
Khouane Ditthavong
Shari Zuskin
Marv Rubin
Ron Kirby
Henry Kahn
Frank Hund
Marv Rubin
Anna Kinney
Mike Ebner
260-7168
260-7151
260-7189
260-7134
260-7134
260-6115
260-7130
260-3028
260-7168
260-5408
260-7182
260-3028
260-7127
260-5397
Placer Mining - see Ore Mining & Dressing
Plastics Molding & Forming
Pollutants - Lists, Types, References
Conventional-CWA Sec. 304(a){4)
Toxic-CWA Section 307(a){1)
Priority Pollutants (Appendix A)
EAD Analytes
Porcelain Enameling
Poultry Feedlots
40 CFR 463
40 CFR 401. 16
40 CFR 401. 15
40 CFR 423
40 CFR 466
40 CFR 412
Woody Forsht
Bill Telliard
Maria Gomez-Taylor
Joe Vitalis
George Jett
Jan Goodwin
260-7190
260-7134
260-1639
260-7172
260-7151
260-7152
Pretreatment
(or call Permits Division/Pretreatment
Branch: 202-260-7539)
rinting & Publishing
Joe Vitalis
Don Anderson
260-7172
260-7189
5B-27
-------
EPA Industrial Wastewater Contacts
Publications - Also see Water Resource
Pulp, Paper and Paper-board
Rubber Manufacturing
Seafood Processing
Secondary Treatment
(Call Permits Division @ 260-9545)
Shipbuilding
Soap & Detergent Manufacturing
Solvent Recovery
Statistical Analysts
Steam Electric Power Generation
Sugar Processing
Superfund Sites - Discharges to
POTWs (Guidance Document)
Synthetic-based Drilling Fluids (SBF)
Textile Mills
Timber Products Processing
Toxicity/ WET Testing
Transportation Equipment Cleaning
(Tank Cleaning)
Center
40 CFR 430
40 CFR 428
40 CFR 408
40 CFR 133
40 CFR 417
40 CFR 423
40 CFR 409
40 CFR 435
40 CFR 410
40 CFR 429
UNDS -Uniform National Discharge Standards
Urban Stormwater Study
Bev Randolph
Troy Swackhammer
Don Anderson
Joe Vitalis
Don Anderson
Mike Ebner
Woody Forsht
Woody Forsht
Henry Kahn
Joe Vitalis
Don Anderson
Woody Forsht
Ron Kirby
Marv Rubin
Hugh Wise
Don Anderson
Bill Telliard
Marion Thompson
John Tirger
Jesse P'itts
Greg Stapleton
Ron Jordan
Eric Strassler
Jesse Pritts
260-5373
260-7128
260-7189
260-7172
260-7189
260-5397
260-7190
260-7190
260-5408
260-7172
260-7189
260-7190
260-7168
260-3028
260-7177
260-7189
260-7134
260-7117
260-4992
260-7191
260-0141
260-7115
260-7150
260-7191
Used Oil Reclamation
Ron Kirby
260-7168
5B-28
-------
EPA Industrial Wastewater Contacts
Waste Treatment - see Centralized Waste Treatment, industrial Waste Combustors, Landfill Leachate
Water Docket (East Tower Basement)
Water Intake Structures -CWA 316(b)
(see Cooling Water Intake Structures)
Water Resource Center (WRC) - Publications
Automated Document Ordering
(East Tower Basement)
Water Supply
Web Sites - see Internet Information
WET - (Whole Effluent Toxicity) - see Toxicity
Colleen Campbell
Deborah Nagle
Mary Conway
Don Anderson
260-3027
260-2656
260-2814
260-7786
260-7189
5B-29
-------
5B-30
-------
MODULE #5B
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Developing Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
Using Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards
SITUATION:
You are a permit writer responsible for drafting a permit for a facility involved in leather
tanning operations. There is one outfall from the facility that contains all the treated process
wastewater. You must determine the technology-based effluent limits for the facility.
GIVEN:
The facility is subject to the Leather Tanning and Finishing Point Source Category effluent
guidelines, 40 CFR Part 425 (which are attached to the exercise).
The tannery processes cattle hides into finished leather by the following process:
Hair save unhairing - Chrome tanning - Retan-wet finishing
The long-term production rate is 500 pounds of raw material (hides) per day, and the long-
term average process flow is 40,000 gallons per day.
QUESTIONS:
(1) What Subpart(s) of the Leather Tanning and Finishing Point Source Category effluent
guidelines is (are) applicable to this facility?_
(2) What parameters are limited by the effluent guidelines?
(3) What are the BPT effluent limits that you would impose at the outfall?
5B-31
-------
(4) What are the BCT effluent limits that you would impose at the outfall?.
(5) What are the BAT effluent limits that you would impose at the outfall?.
5B-32
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
PART 425
SUBCHAPTER N—EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
PART 425—LEATHER TANNING AND
FINISHING POINT SOURCE CATE-
GORY
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
425.01 Applicability.
425.02 General definitions.
425.03 Sulfide analytical methods and ap-
plicability.
425.04 Applicability of sulfide pretreat-
ment standards.
425.05 Compliance dates.
425.06 Monitoring requirements.
Subpart A—Mair Pulp, Chroma Tan, Raton-Wot
Finish Swbcatogory
425.10 Applicability; description of the hair
pulp, chrome tan. retan-wet finish sub-
category.
425.11 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available (BPT).
425.12 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
425.13 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best avail-
able technology economically achievable
(BAT).
425.14 New source performance standards
.
425.16 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subpart ft—Hair Save, Chroma Tan, Raton-Wot
Finish SubcaUgory
425.20 Applicability; description of the hair
save chrome tan. retan-wet finish sub-
category.
425.21 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available (BPT).
425.22 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
425.23 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best avail-
able technology economically achievable
(BAT).
425.24 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
425.25 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
425.26 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Svbport C—Hair Savo ar Pulp, Non-Chroma
Tan, Ratan-Wat Finish Subcatogory
425.30 Applicability; description of the hair
save or pulp, non-chrome tan. retan-wet
finish subcategory.
425.31 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available (BPT).
425.32 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
425.33 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best avail-
able technology economically achievable
(BAT).
425.34 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
425.35 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
425.36 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Sufapart 0—Ratan-Wat Ftnish-Sidos
Subcatogory
425.40 Applicability; description of the
retan-wet finish-sides subcategory.
425.41 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available (BPT).
425.42 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
425.43 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best avail-
able technology economically achievable
(BAT).
425.44 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
5B-33
-------
Port 425
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-88 Edition)
425.45 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
425.46 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subport E—No B»omhou*» Subcotogory
425.50 Applicability, description of the no
beamhouse subcategory.
425.51 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available (BPT).
425.52 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
425.53 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best avail-
able technology economically achievable
(BAT).
425.54 New source performance standards
(NSFS).
425.55 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
425.56 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subport f—Throwgh-th«-BltM Subcotogory
425.60 Applicability; description of the
through-the-blue subcategory.
425.61 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available (BPT).
425.62 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
425.63 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best avail-
able technology economically achievable
(BAT).
425.64 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
425.65 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
425.66 Pretreatroent standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subport G—SH*oriing Svbcotogory
425.70 Applicability; description of the
shearling subcategory.
425.71 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best prac-
ticable control technology currently
available
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§425.03
425.95 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
425.96 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS),
AmooHX A TO PART 425—POTASSIUM FERRI-
CTAHXOB TlTKATIOK METHOD
APPENDIX B TO PART 425—MODIFIED
MONIER-WILLIAMS METHOD
APPENDIX C TO PART 425—DEFINITION AND
PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
THE METHOD DETECTION LIMIT
AUTHORITY: Sees. 301. 304(b). (c), (e), and
(g). 306(b) and (c). 307(b) and (c), 308 and
501 of the Clean Water Act (the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972. as amended by the Clean Water Act
of 1977) (the "Act"); 33 UJS.C. 1311,13!4 and (c), 1317(b) and
(c). 1318, and 1361; 86 Stat. 816, Pub. L. 92-
500; 91 Stat. 1567, Pub. L. 95-217.
SOURCE 47 FR 52870, Nov. 23.1982. unless
otherwise noted.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 425.01 Applicability.
This part applies to any leather tan-
ning and finishing facility which dis-
charges or may discharge process
wastewater pollutants to the waters of
the United States, or which introduces
or may introduce process wastewater
pollutants into a publicly owned treat-
ment works.
§425.02 General definitions.
In addition to the definitions set
forth in 40 CFR Part 401. the follow-
ing definitions apply to this part:
(a) "Sulfide" shall mean total sulfide
as measured by the potassium ferri-
cyanide titration method described in
Appendix A or the modified Monier-
Williams method described in Appen-
dix B.
(b) "Hide" means any animal pelt or
skin as received by a tannery as raw
material to be processed.
(c) "Retan-wet finish" means the
final processing steps performed on a
tanned hide including, but not limited
to, the following wet processes: retail,
bleach, color, and fatliquor.
(d) "Hair pulp" means the removal
of hair by chemical dissolution.
(e) "Hair save" means the physical
or mechanical removal of hair which
has not been chemically dissolved, and
either selling the hair as a by-product
or disposing of it as a solid waste.
(f) "Chrome tan" means the process
of converting hide into leather using a
form of chromium.
(g) "Vegetable tan" means the proc-
ess of converting hides into leather
using chemicals either derived from
vegetable matter or synthesized to
produce effects similar to those chemi-
cals.
(h) "Raw material" means the hides
received by the tannery except for fa-
cilities covered by Subpart D and Sub-
part I where "raw material" means the
hide or split in the condition in which
it is first placed into a wet process.
(i) "Monthly average" means the
arithmetic average of eight <8) individ-
ual data points from effluent sampling
and analysis during any calendar
month.
(j) "Interference" means the dis-
charge of sulfides in quantities which
can result in human health hazards
and/or risks to human life, and an in-
hibition or disruption of POTW as de-
fined in 40 CFR 403.3(i).
[47 FR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982. as amended at
53 FR 9181. Mar. 21,1988]
9 425.03 Sulfide analytical methods and
applicability.
(a) The potassium ferricyanide titra-
tion method described in Appendix A
to Part 425 shall be used whenever
practicable for the determination of
sulfide in wastewaters discharged by
plants operating in all subcategories
except the hair save or pulp, non-
chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcate-
gory (Subpart C. see §425.30). In all
other cases, the modified Monier-Wil-
liams method as described in Appen-
dix B to Part 425 shall be used as an
alternative to the potassium ferricya-
nide titration method for the determi-
nation of sulfide in wastewaters dis-
charged by plants operating in all sub-
categories except Subpart C.
(b) The modified Monier-Williams
method as described in Appendix B to
Part 425 shall be used for the determi-
nation of sulfide in wastewaters dis-
charged by plants operating in the
hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan.
retan-wet finish subcategory (Subpart
C. see § 425.30).
C53 FR 9181. Mar. 21. 1988]
5B-35
-------
§ 425.04
40 CFR Ch. I (7-K88 Edition)
§425.04 Applicability of sulfide pretreat-
mcnt standards.
(a) A POTW receiving wastewater
from a facility subject to this part may
require more stringent pretreatment
standards for sulfide than those estab-
lished by this part without EPA ap-
proval.
(b) The pretreatment standards for
sulfide established by this part will
not apply if the POTW receiving
wastewater from a facility subject to
this part certifies in writing with ex-
planation of relevant factors consid-
ered, in accordance with the provisions
of paragraph (c) of this section, that
the discharge of sulfide from the facil-
ity does not interfere with the oper-
ation of the POTW. In making this de-
termination, the POTW shall consider
all relevant factors including but not
limited to the following:
(1) The presence and characteristics.
of other industrial wastewaters which
can increase or decrease sulfide con-
centrations. pH. or both.
(2) The characteristics of the sewer/
interceptor collection system which
either minimize or enhance opportuni-
ties for release of hydrogen sulfide
gas.
(3) The characteristics of the receiv-
ing POTWs headworks. preliminary
and primary treatment systems, and
sludge holding and dewatezing facili-
ties which either minimize or enhance
opportunities for release of hydrogen
sulfide gas.
(4) The occurrence of any prior sul-
fide related interference as defined in
§ 425.02(j).
(cKl) On October 13. 1983. a POTW
which intends to certify that the sul-
fide pretreatment standard should not
apply must publish, in a local newspa-
per with the largest circulation, a
notice that presents the findings sup-
porting this determination consistent
with paragraph (a) of this section. Al-
lowance for public hearing of these
findings also must be provided. The
POTW shall identify all existing facili-
ties to which the sulfide pretreatment
standard otherwise established by this
part would not apply.
(2) On January 11, 1984. a POTW
which intends to certify that the sul-
fide pretreatment standard should not
apply must file a written certification
with the Regional Water Management
Division Director, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, in the appropriate Re-
gional Office. This certification shall
include the findings supporting this
determination and the results of
public comments, and public
hearing(s) if held.
(3) On February 10, 1984, EPA shall
acknowledge to the POTW receipt of
any certification submitted under
paragraphs (c) (1) and (2) of this sec-
tion, and shall indicate to the POTW
the adequacy of the submission based
upon a review of the factors set forth
in paragraph (b) of this section.
(4) Within 30 days of the date of re-
ceipt of adequate submissions under
paragraphs (c) (1). (2), and (3) of this
section. EPA shall publish a notice in
the FEDERAL REGISTER identifying
those facilities to which the sulfide
pretreatment standards of this part
shall not apply.
(5) A POTW may certify that the
sulfide pretreatment standards of this
part should not apply to a new source
planning to discharge into the POTW.
This certification must be submitted
prior to the commencement of dis-
charge, and must conform at a mini-
mum with criteria in paragraph (b) of
this section and the general proce-
dures and intervals of time contained
in paragraphs (c) (1). (2). (3). and (4)
of this section.
(d> (1) If. after EPA and the POTW
have determined in accordance with
this section that the sulfide pretreat-
ment standards of this Part are not
applicable to specified facilities, a
POTW then determines that there
have been changed circumstances (in-
cluding but not limited to changes in
the factors specified in paragraph (b)
of this section) which justify applica-
tion of the sulfide pretreatment stand-
ards, the POTW shall revoke the certi-
fication submitted under paragraph
(c) of this section. The POTW and
EPA shall then adhere to the general
procedures and time intervals con-
tained in paragraph (c) of this section
in order to determine whether the sul-
fide pretreatment standards contained
in this Part are applicable.
(2) If pursuant to paragraph
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§425.12
.cable to a specified facility, the indi-
rect discharger shall comply with the
sulfide pretreatment standards no
later than 18 months from the date of
publication of the FEDERAL REGISTER
notice identifying the facility.
(e) At any time after October 13.
1983. if a POTW determines that
there have been changed circum-
stances (including but not limited to
changes in the factors specified in
paragraph (b) of this section), it may
initiate proceedings contained in para-
graph (c) of this section to determine
that the sulfide pretreatment stand-
ards of this Part shall not be applica-
ble. The POTW and EPA shall follow
the procedures and time intervals con-
tained in paragraph (c) of this section
to make this determination. A final de-
termination that the sulfide pretreat-
ment standards are not applicable
must be made prior to the discharge of
sulfide not in accordance with the
standards set forth in this Part.
(The Information collection and reporting
requirements contained in paragraphs (b)
and (c) were approved by the Office of Man-
agement and Budget under control number
2040-0032)
[47 PR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982; 48 PR 30117,
June 30, 1983; 48 FR 31404. July 8. 1983; 48
PR 32348, July 15, 1983; 48 FR 35649, Aug.
5.1983; 53 FR 9181. Mar. 21. 19881
§425.05 Compliance dates.
The compliance date for new source
performance standards (NSPS) and
pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSES) is the date the new
source commences discharge. The
compliance date for BPT effluent limi-
tations and guidelines and pretreat-
ment standards for existing sources to
no later than March 31.1989.
[53 FR 9182. Mar. 21,1988]
§ 425.06 Monitoring requirements.
Compliance with monthly average
discharge limitations is required re-
gardless of the number of samples
analyzed and averaged.
Subpart A—Hair Pulp, Chrome Tan,
Retan*Wet Finish Subcategory
§425.10 Applicability; description of the
hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finish-
ing subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which, either exclusively or in addi-
tion to other unhairing and tanning
operation, processes raw or cured
cattle or cattle-like hides into finished
leather by chemically dissolving the
hide hair, chrome tanning, and retan-
wet finishing.
§425.11 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
Pollutant or poMutant property
BPT tmitatioft*
Maximum tor
anylday
Maximum tor
•>•! jfclfcli i
iiHjiiujiy
*v«raga
(or pound* per
1.000 pounds of raw ma-
BOO5... „.
TSS
Oil A GfMM
Total Chromium.
pH
9.3
13.4
39
0.24
0)
4.2
6.1
1 7
009
0)
1 Within tha rang* of 6.0 to 9.0
C53 FR 9182. Mar. 21.19881
§ 425.12 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
5B-37
-------
§425.13
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-88 Edition)
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS.
TSS, Oil and Grease, and pH con-
tained in § 425.11.
§ 425.13 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in 9 425.11.
9425.14 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
PoMuttrtt Of pofluttvit property
NSPS
tar any 1
for niQfiiMy
Kg/US (or ib/i.OOO •>) of
BOO, _
TSS
Oil ftpd grease ,
Total ehramwn „
"*
6.0
8.7
2.5
0.1S
(')
2.7
4.0
1.1
0.06
n
1 Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 PR 52870, Nov. 23, 1982: 48 PR 30116,
June 30,1983)
§ 425.15 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
(a) Except as provided in §425.04
and 40 CFR 403.7 and 403.13, any ex-
isting source subject to this subpart
which introduces process wastewater
pollutants into a publicly owned treat-
ment works must comply with 40 CFR
Part 403, and achieve the following
pretreatment standards:
Pollutant or pollutant property
PSES
Maximum
lor any t
cay
Maximum
for monthly
average
Milligrams per liter (mg/l)
Sulfide
Total chromium
pH
24
12
(>}
8
f1 1
> Within the range 7.0 to 10.0.
(b) Any existing source subject to
this subpart which processes less than
275 hides/day shall comply with
§ 425.15(a), except that the total chro-
mium limitations contained in
§ 425.15(a) do not apply.
C47 PR 52870. Nov. 23, 1982: 48 PR 30116,
June 30. 1983. as amended at 53 PR 9182.
Mar. 21,19881
9425.16 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 425.04, any new source subject to
this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403, and achieve the
pretreatment standards contained in
§ 425.15.
Subpart B—Hair Save, Chrom* Ton,
Retan-Wet Finish Subcotegory
§425.20 Applicability; description of the
hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish
subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes raw or cured cattle or
cattle-like hides into finished leather
by hair save unhaiiing. chrome tan-
ning, and retan-wet finishing.
§425.21 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
5B-38
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§ 425.26
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
PoMant or ooHutant property
BPT limitation*
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum tor
monthly
average
Kg/kkg (or pound per 1.000
*) ol raw
B005-.
8.2
11.8
3.4
0.21
3.7
5.4
1.5
0.08
0)
i Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.
§425.22 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS,
TSS, Oil and Grease, and pH con-
tained in S 425.21.
§425^3 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in § 425.21.
§425.24 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
Pollutant of poflutant property
NSPS
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum lor
monthly
average
Kg/Wig (or pound p«r 1.000
ib) at raw material
BOOS
TSS
Oil and grease
Total chromium
pH
6.9
9.9
2.9
0.18
(")
3 1
4 S
t 3
006
(M
1 Within the range 6.0 to 9.0
§ 425.25 Pretreatmcnt standards for exist*
ing sources (PSES).
Except as provided in § 425.04 and 40
CFR 403.7 and 403.13, any existing
source subject to this subpart that in-
troduces process wastewater pollut-
ants into a publicly owned treatment
works must comply with 40 CFR Part
403. and achieve the following pre-
treatment standards:
PoMutwit or poNutetfit pfOpsrty
PSES
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
MiKgrara per liter (mg/l)
Suffide
Total Chromium..
pH
24
12
1 Within the range 7.0 to 10.0
§425.26 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS)
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 425.04, any new source subject to
this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403, and achieve the
pretreatment standards contained in
§ 425.25.
5B-39
-------
§ 425.30
40 CFR Ch. I (7.L88 Edition)
Subport C—Hoir Save or Pulp, Non-
Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish
Subcotegory
§425.30 Applicability; description of the
hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan,
retan-wet finish subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes raw or cured cattle or
cattle-like hides into finished leather
by hair save or pulp unhairing, vegeta-
ble tanning or alum, syntans, oils and
other agents for tanning, and retan-
wet finishing.
§425.31 Eminent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
PoMar* or potutam proparty
BPT
Maximum tor
any1d*y
Maximum tor
kg/kkg (or pound* p*r
1.000 pound*) of raw ma-
BOOS- , .
TS$
O*4 Gr*aw
ToW Chromum .
pH _.
6.7
9.7
£8
0.17
«')
3.0
4.4
1.3
0.06
(')
> VMMn m* rang* o( «.O K>9.0
[47 PR $2870. Nov. 23. 1982. as amended at
53 FR 9182. Mar. 21. 1988}
§425.32 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS.
TSS, Oil and Grease, and pH con-
tained in § 425.31.
§ 425.33 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125,32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in S 425.31.
performance stand-
§425.34 New source
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
PoNuUurt or poNutint property
NSPS
Maomumlor
««y tday
Maximum tor
monthly
avwao*
Kg/kkg (or pound par 1,000
ft) of raw malarial
BOO5
TSS _ .
0» and gr**S*
Total chromium
pH
5.9
85
2.4
0.15
(>)
27
3.9
1.1
0.06
(')
1 Within the rang* 6.0 to 9.0.
§ 425.35 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
(a) Except as provided in §425.04
and 40 CFR 403.7 and 403.13. any ex-
isting sources subject to this subpart
that introduces process wastewater
pollutants into a publicly owned treat-
ment works must comply with 40 CFR
Part 403. and achieve the following
pretreatment standards:
5B-40
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§425.44
PoJkjtM or pofcitwit property
PSES limitations
Maximum
tor any 1
day
Maximum
for montnty
average
Milligrams per liter (mg/l)
Sulfjde
Total Chromium
BH
I
;
1
1
24
12
('I
8
(')
> Not less than 7.0,
(b) Any existing source subject to
this subpart which processes less than
350 hides/day shall comply with
§425.35(a), except that the Total
Chromium limitations contained in
§ 42S.35(a) do not apply.
[47 FR 52870, Nov. 23. 1982: 48 FR 36116.
June 30. 1983. as amended at 53 FR 9182.
Mar. 21.1988]
§425.36 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 42S.04, any new source subject to
this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403. and achieve the
pretreatment standards contained in
S 425.35.
Subport D—Reton-Wet Finish-Sides
Subcategory
§425.40 Applicability; description of the
retan-wet finish-sides subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes previously tanned
hides and skins (grain side only) into
finished leather by retan-wet finish-
ing.
§425.41 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
PoHutarfl or poHutanl property
BPT limitations
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum lor
monthly
average
(or pounds per
1.000 pounds) of raw ma-
terial
BO05
rss
Oil S Grease
Total Chromium
pH . .. ...
89
128
3 7
023
(')
1 '
A n
SB
l 7
006
('I
1 Within me range of 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 FR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982. as amended at
53 FR 9182. Mar. 21.19881
§ 425.42 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BOO5,
TSS, Oil and Grease, and pH con-
tained in § 425.41.
§425.43 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in § 425.41.
§ 425.44 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
5B-41
-------
§ 425.45
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-88 Edition)
Pollutant or pollutant property
NSPS
Majdrmim
lor any 1
day
Maximum
tor itwoiMy
average
kg/kkg (or pounds per
t.OOO pounds) ot raw
material
BODS
TSS
Oil & Grease
Total Chionwjm
pH
65
93
2.7
0.17
(>)
29
43
1 2
006
(>)
> With* the range of 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 PR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982. as amended at
S3 PR 9182. Mar. 21. 19881
§425.45 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13, any existing source subject
to this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403. and achieve the
following pretreatment standards:
PokMant or poMant properly
PSES
Maximum
(or any 1
MMgrama per Her (mg/Q
Total (
PH.
19
12
> within ttw rang* 6.0 to 10.0.
§425.46 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7,
any new source subject to this subpart
that introduces process wastewater
pollutants into a publicly owned treat-
ment works must comply with 40 CFR
Part 403. and achieve the pretreat-
ment standards contained in 5 425.45.
Subpart E—No Beamhouso
Subcategory
§425.50 Applicability; description of the
no beamhouse subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes cattle hides, sheep-
skins, or splits (hair previously re-
moved and pickled) into finished
leather by chrome or non-chrome tan-
ning, and retan-wet finishing.
§425.51 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
PoNUItftt oi* poNutwt pfoptjfty
BPT imitation*
Maximum tar
any 1 day
Maximum lor
MMMefltaftk*
rnonwy
«MnQft
kg/kkg (or pound! par
t.OOO pounds) of raw ma-
TSS ...
Oi & Trait _
Total Chromium.--
pH
8.0
11.6
3.4
0.21
(')
3.6
5.3
1.5
0.06
(')
' vWMn trie range of 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 PR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982, as amended at
53 PR 9182. Mar. 21.19881
§425.52 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con*
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional control
technology (BCT): The effluent limi-
tations are those for BOD5, TSS. Oil
and Grease, and pH contained in
§ 425.51.
5B-42
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§ 425.61
9425.53 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in 5 425.51
f 425.54 New source performance stand*
ante (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
PoNuttitt or pofcjtvtt property
NSPS
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maxjrnumfor
fnOfltnty
•wag*
hg/kfcg (or pounds per
1.000 *) of nw materiel
B005 _
TSS-
OK ft Greeae
53
7.7
iZ
0.14
24
3.5
1.0
0.05
' WHNn the wnge 6.0 to 9.0.
§ 425£5 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13, any existing source subject
to this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403. and achieve the
following pretreatment standards:
PoUutam or pollutant property
PSES
Maximum.
for any 1
day
Maximum
tor monthly
average
Pollutant or pollutant property
pH
PS
Mtomum
lor any 1
-------
§ 425.62
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-88 Edition)
Poftutant of poftutant property
pH .
BPTbrr
Maximum lor
anytdiy
(')
itabons
Maximum tor
ifloiBttify
average
(')
> Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0.
(47 PR 52870. Nov. 23, 1982, as amended at
53 FR 9183. Mar. 21. 19881
§425.62 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut*
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS,
TSS. Oil and Grease, and pH con-
tained in S 425.61.
§425.63 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in $ 425.61.
§425.64 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
PoButant or pollutant property
BPT limitations
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum for
monthly
average
kg/kkg (or pounds per
1,000 pounds) of raw ma-
terial
BOO5
TSS
Oil A Grease
Total Chromium
pH
32
47
1 4
008
I'l
1 5
2 i
061
003
(M
< Within the range of 6.0 » 9.0.
[47 PR 52870, Nov. 23. 1982, as amended at
53 FR 9183. Mar. 21.1988]
§ 425.65 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
Except as provided in § 425.04 and 40
CFR 403.7 and 403.13. any existing
source subject to this subpart that in-
troduces process wastewater pollut-
ants into a publicly owned treatment
works must comply with 40 CFR Part
403, and achieve the following pre-
treatment standards:
PoUutarrt or potutan! property
PSES
anylday
MiKgrann par M*r (mg/Q
SuMid*
Total chromium.
24
12
> WHMn the rang* 7.0 to 10.0.
§425.66 Pretreatment standards for new
sources
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§ 425.75
Subparf G—Shearling Subcategory
§425.70 Applicability; description of the
shearling subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes raw or cured sheep or
sheep-like skins with the wool or hair
retained into finished leather by
chrome tanning, and retan-wet finish-
ing.
§425.71 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
TSS, Oil and Grease,
tained in § 425.71.
and pH con-
§ 425.73 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in § 425.71.
§425.74 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
PoMutaVtt Of POfluteVtt pTOpAfty
NSPS
Majomuntor
any iday
Maximum for
MMMBte*aW
mOfHJMy
•wig*
kg/Mig (or pounds par
1.000 pound*) of raw ma-
terial
PoAuteVH Of pONUteYtt pTQptfty
NSPS
Mettifnum I Of
any 1 day
Maximum (or
ifci_*»iiKii_
mm III Up
•vwag*
Kg/kkg (or pound par 1.000
ft) of raw material
BO05
TSS
Oi & GTMM
pH
4 3
1-2
006
ti\
1 9
0.55
Q ftfl
m
BOOS
TSS
Ol and fjfMia „,. M
"^ W^ *""••""*»'•*•*•*"•««««
^*rf chfljf^iuffi ........... ..... , ._. ,.,,,,
pH
13.2
19.1
5.6
0.34
(M
5.9
8.7
2.5
0.12
(')
' Within «w rang* o* 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 PR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982. as amended at
S3 PR 9183. Mar. 21.1988]
§ 425.72 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS,
1 Within tha rang* 6.0 to 9.0.
S 425.75 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing source* (PSES).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13, any existing source subject
to this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403. and achieve the
following pretreatment standards:
-------
§ 425.76
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-88 Edition)
Pollutant or potluttnt property
PSES
Maximum
tor any 1
day
Maximum
lor monthly
average
Milligrams per liter (mg/l)
Total chromium.
PH
19
' Withtn th« range 6.0 lo to 0.
§ 42S.76 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7.
any new source subject to this subpart
that introduces process wastewater
pollutants into a publicly owned treat*
ment works must comply with 40 CFR
Part 403, and must achieve the pre-
treatment standards contained in
§ 425.75.
Subpart H—Pigskin Subcotegory
§425.80 Applicability, description of the
pigskin subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes raw or cured pigskins
into finished leather by chemically
dissolving or pulping the hair and tan-
ning with chrome, then retan-wet fin-
ishing.
§425.81 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
Pollutant or pollutant property
BPT hfiwiabons
Maximum lor
any t day
Maximum (or
monthly
average
kg/kxg (or pounds per
i .000 fc) ol raw material
BODS
TSS
Oil and grease....
Total chromium ....
pH
70
10.1
30
0 18
(')
32
4.6
1 3
0.07
(')
> Within ine range 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 PR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982; 48 FR 30117.
June 30.19831
§425.82 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCTX
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS,
TSS, Oil and Grease and pH contained
in §425.81.
§425.83 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in § 425.81.
§ 425.84 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
5B-46
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§425.92
Poiuttrt or poUuttnt property
NSPS
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum tor
(Monthly
average
kg/kkg (or pounds par
1,000 to) of raw material
BfflS
TBS
nil ami nroaso
Total chromium
M^J
f1
58
8.3
2.4
0.15
0)
2.6
3.8
1.1
0.05
('}
i within the range 6.0 to 9.0.
§ 425.85 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSBS).
Except as provided in § 425.04 and 40
CFR 403.7 and 403.13, any existing
source subject to this subpart that in-
troduces process wastewater pollut-
ants into a publicly owned treatment
works- must comply with 40 CFR Part
403, and achieve the following pre-
treatment standards:
Poauttnt or pottutam property
PS£S
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
J__ MUUtftMu
IOT tnoinfwf
•wage
Milligrams par (Her (mg/l)
Sutfide
pH „
24
12
(')
a
o
> Within the range 7.0 to 10.0.
§425.86 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 425.04, any new source subject to
this subpart that introduces process
wastewater pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR Part 403, and achieve the
Pretreatment standards contained in
§ 425.85.
Subpart I—Retan-Wet Finish-Splits
Subcategory
§425.90 Applicability; description of the
retan-wet finish-splits subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to process wastewater dis-
charges resulting from any tannery
which processes previously unhaired
and tanned splits into finished leather
by retan-wet finishing.
§ 425.91 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
practicable control technology current-
ly available (BPT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT):
Pollutant or poMutant property
BFT limitation*
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum lor
ftXX»nty
average
Kg/kkg (or pounds per
1.000 pounds) of raw ma-
BOO5
TSS . ..
OH A Grease
Total Chromium
pH . _
5.8
8.3
2.4
015
{<)
2.6
3.8
1.1
O.OS
(')
< Within the range of 6.0 to 9.0.
[47 FR 52870. Nov. 23, 1982. as amended at
53 PR 9183. Mar. 21. 1988]
§425.92 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best con-
ventional pollutant control technology
(BCT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The ef-
fluent limitations are those for BODS,
TSS, Oil and Grease, and pH con-
tained in §425.91.
5B-47
-------
§ 425.93
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-88 Edition)
§ 425.93 Effluent limitations representing
the degree of effluent reduction attain-
able by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT): The
effluent limitations are those for
Total Chromium contained in S 425.91.
performance stand*
§425.94 New source
arda (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards (NSPS):
PofcJttnt or poMMtt property
NSPS
Mnmwmtar
any 10*
Maamumtor
kg/kkg for pounde per
1,000 b) at mm t
BOOS
TSS
Tout Q»WM»..,,..,...,,. .,-,,.
pM
3.5
5.1
1.S
0.09
(')
1A
2J
as*
00*
(•»
> WMMi me range 6.0 to 9.0.
§ 425.95 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
403.7 and 403.13. any existing source
subject to this subpart that introduces
process wastewater pollutants into a
publicly owned treatment works must
comply with 40 CFR Part 403. and
must achieve the following pretreat-
ment standards:
Pollutant or poHutant properly
0H
PS
Marnnum
lor any 1
day
c )
ES
Ma»mum
for monthly
average
(')
> Wrtfwo the range 6.0 10 10.0
(b) Any existing source subject to
this subpart which processes less than
3,600 splits/day shall comply with
§ 425.95(a), except that the total chro-
mium limitations contained in
§ 425.95(a) do riot apply.
[47 PR 52870. Nov. 23. 1982; 48 PR 30117.
June 30. 1983, as amended at 53 PR 9183.
Mar. 21.19881
§425.96 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7.
any new source subject to this subpart
that introduces process wastewater
pollutants into a publicly owned treat-
meat works must comply with 40 CFR
Part 403. and achieve the pretreat-
meat standards contained in 1425.95.
Pollutant or pollutant property
PSES
MeUumuffl
tor any 1
day
Maximum
tor momftft/
average
MMgrana per Her (mg/9
Total Chromum..
5B-48
-------
MODULE # 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
*• Provide overview of when to use BPJ limits
* Identify the circumstances for the application of BPJ
• Industrial discharges
• Combined sewer overflows
• Storm water
«• Discuss necessary considerations when using BPJ to develop permit limits
* List tools and resources available for developing limits using BPJ
* Provide overview of economic considerations when developing effluent limits using BPJ
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture, practical exercise
Approximate Presentation Time: 45 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 30 minutes
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 402(a)(l) NPDES Authority
40 CFR §122.44(a)
40CFR§122.45(b)(2)
40CFR§125.3(a)(2)
Technology-based effluent limitations and standards
Production-based limitations
Technology-based treatment requirements in permits (for non-
POTWs)
-------
-------
Module 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
-
Best Professional
Judgment-based Permit
Limits
SEPA
SC-1
Learning Objectives
• Provide overview of BPJ derived
limits
• Describe examples of BPJ
application
• Discuss BPJ technical and
economic considerations
• Present BPJ tools and resources
&ERA
SW
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-1
-------
Module 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
BPJ Is the Permit Writer's Opinion
• Technology-based NPDES permit
conditions, developed using all reasonable
available and relevant data
• Why? Technology-based effluent limits
must be established for all
pollutants regulated in a permit
• When? On a case-by-case basis in the
absence of effluent guidelines and
standards for a facility or pollutant
Hypothetical Situation for Use of BPJ
Pollutants to be
Regulated in Permit
Copper
Zinc
Benzene
Aluminum
Considered/Regulated
by Effluent Guidelines
and Standards?
Yes
Yes
No
No
BPJ Effluent Limit
Needed?
No
No
Yes
Yes
A r
tf>t
PA
K-4
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-2
-------
Module 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
BPJ Application Examples
• Combined sewer overflows
• Hazardous waste treaters
• Equipment manufacturers
• Waste oil reclaimers
• Industrial laundries
• Paint and ink facilities
• Pharmaceuticals
• Barrel reclaimers
• Transportation facilities
• Mining operations
• Water treatment plants
• Petroleum industry
BPJ Considerations
For BPT requirements:
- Total cost of technology in relation to the
effluent reduction benefits to be achieved
from such application
- Age of equipment and facilities involved
- Process(es) employed
- Engineering aspects of the application of
various types of control techniques
- Process changes
- Non-water quality environmental impact
including energy requirements
EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-3
-------
Module 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
BPJ Considerations
For BCT requirements:
- Reasonableness of the relationship between
costs of attaining reduction in effluent and
the derived effluent reduction benefits
- Comparison of the cost and level of
reduction of such pollutants from publicly
owned treatment works to the cost and level
of reduction from a class or category of
industrial sources
BPJ Considerations
BCT requirements (continued):
- Age of equipment and facilities
involved
- Process(es) employed
- Engineering aspects of the application
of various types of control techniques
- Non-water quality environmental
impact including energy requirements
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-4
-------
Module 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
BPJ Considerations
• For BAT requirements:
- Age of equipment and facilities involved
- Process(es) employed
- Engineering aspects of the application of
various types of control techniques
- Process changes
- Cost of achieving effluent reduction
- Non-water quality environmental impact
including energy requirements
Cost Considerations
Proposed
Treatment
Option •»
Influent
Concentration
Effluent
Concentration
Lbs
Removed
Treatment
Cost ($)
BPT
($/lb)
BAT
(Economically
Achievable?)
A
10
5
150
600
4
Yes
B
10
2
240
2400
10
No
C
10
6
120
240
2
Yes
xvEPA
SC-TO
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-5
-------
Module 5C Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
BPJ Defensibility
• Defensibility depends on
reasonableness
• Reasonableness demonstrated by
documentation
• Documentation should include:
- What is being imposed?
- Why is it being imposed?
- How it was developed?
BPJ Tools and Resources
• Abstracts of Industrial NPDES
permits
• Treatability Manual and Database
• Technical Support Document for
Water Quality-Based Toxics
Control
• Economic achievability protocol
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-6
-------
Module 5C
Best Professional Judgment-Based Permit Limits
BPJ Tools and Resources (Continued)
• Effluent guideline data/information
- Development documents
- Proposed regulations
- Industry summary reports
• Other sources information
- Model permits
- General permits information exchange database
- Discharge monitoring reports
- Compliance inspection reports
- Industry teams/national experts
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5C-7
-------
5C-8
-------
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
CINCINNATI. OHIO 45268
March 17, 1995
Dear Colleague:
As requested, enclosed is a copy of Version 5.0 of the "RREL
Treatability Data Base." The purpose of the data base is to
provide a review of the removal/destruction of chemicals in
various types of media, including water, soil, debris, sludge and
sediment. The program contains physical/chemical properties for
each compound, as well as treatability data. The treatability
data summarizes the types of treatment used to treat the specific
compound; the type of waste/wastewater treated; the size of the
study/plant; and the treatment levels achieved.
The requirements to operate the program are as follows: IBM
personal computer, or compatible; 8 megabyte hard disk storage;
640K RAM memory; DOS Version 2.0 or higher; and a 12-pitch
printer.
To load the program, insert the diskette into the 3-1/2"
disk drive and type A:install or B:install, whichever disk drive
is assigned for 3-1/2" disks. The installation program vill
create a subdirectory on your hard drive entitled "TDBS". You
will have the opportunity to customize the installation if you so
choose. If you have any questions regarding installation of this
software, please review the file entitled, "read.me" prior to
installation. To start the data base program, enter the
subdirectory and type "MAIN."
Some users have reported that they have gotten an error
message "Not Enough Memory" after typing in "MAIN" to start the
data base. If you get a "Not Enough Memory" error message,
please type in this command: "SET CLIPPEB=F55; \\E:2000" before
you type in the command "MAIN" to start the data base program.
The "SET CLIPPER" (as seen above) command sets up the runtime
variable to open enough file handles and buffers. It also takes
advantage of expanded memory (if the PC has any memory above the
640KB). This command "SET CLIPPER=F55; \\E:2000" can be added to
the autoexec.bat file or you can put both commands ("MAIN", "SET
CLIPPER=F55; \\E:2000") into a batch file.
5C-9
TK> Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
Beyond these suggestions, we may not be able to solve all
the operational problems with the multitude of hardware and
software configurations in existence. Please contact your local
computer support group for additional help in problem solving
your exact set up.
If you have any technical questions and/or comments about
this data base, please call Glenn Shaul at (513) 569-7408;
FAX: (513) 569-7787. For any computer questions, please call
Jerry Waterman at (513) 569-7834; FAX: (513) 569-7787.
I hope this improved version will assist you and I would be
interested in your comments after you have had an opportunity to
use the data base for a while.
incerely yours
Glenn M. Shaul
Chief
Chemical Engineering Section
Toxics Control Branch
Water and Hazardous Waste Treatment
Research Division
Enclosure
5C-10
-------
RREL TREATABILITY DATABASE
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) has developed and is continuing to expand
a database on the removal/destruction of chemicals in various types of media, including water,
wastewater, soil, debris, sludge, and sediment. This activity is being conducted under the direction of
Mr. Glenn M. Shaul.
The following editing rules are being used to evaluate the data prior to entry into the database:
o Only primary references will be used.
o Bench-top and pilot-piant data from aqueous biological treatment processes must be
acclimated systems.
o Only matched pairs of influent and effluent data will be used.
o Data will be from continous flow processes in equilibrium unless noted by a "(B)" in the
"Technology" column for the "Aqueous" data file or by a "(B)" in the "Scale" column
for the "Solids" data file.
The compound name used in the database will be labeled as a "Primary Name" in the "Compound
Name List". Other chemical names are synonyms for the "Primary Name". Even if treatability data are
not available, only information related to chemical and physical properties, environmental data and
possibly adsorption data will be given.
If you have any questions/comments concerning this database, please contact:
Mr. Glenn M. Shaul
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Environmental Protection Agency
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
(513) 569-7408
(513) 569-7787 (Fax No.)
Disclaimer: The data collected herein are a tabulation from many sources and are presented for review
by the user for informational purposes only. The data presented herein does not represent a total listing
of the technologies capable of treating the target chemical compound and should not be viewed as solely
reliable for treatability system design and should be thoroughly reviewed to support regulatory guidelines.
Therefore, the conclusions and opinions drawn are solely those of the user and are not necesarily the
views of the agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use.
The RREL Treatability Database is also available through the Alternative Technology Treatment
Information Center (ATTIC). ATTIC is a comprehensive information network providing up-to-date
information on innovative treatment technologies. ATTIC provides the information needed to make
effective decisions on hazardous waste clean-up alternatives. It can be accessed with a PC and modem
24 hours a day, and there are no user fees. For further information on ATTIC please call the ATTIC
System Hotline at (301) 670-6294.
5C-11
-------
5C-12
-------
RREL Treatability Database
Ver No. 5.0
04/21/95
MERCURY
CAS MO.: 7439-97-6
COMPOUND TYPE: INORGANIC,ELEMENT
FORMULA: NG
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
REFERENCE
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 200.59
MELTING POINT (C): -38.87
BOILING POINT (C): 356.58
VAPOR PRESSURE 3 T(C), TOR*: 1.2 E-3 9 20
SOLUBILITY IN WATER a T(C), MG/L: 0.056 a 25
LOG OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT:
HENRY'S LAW CONSTANT, ATM x M3 MOLE-1: 1.14 E-2 (C)
333A
333A
333A
462A
2028A
NA
1018A
ENVIttONNENTAL DATA
REFERENCE
CHRONIC NONCARCINOGEMIC SYSTEMIC TOXICITY
RISK ESTIMATES FOR CARCINOGENS
DRINKING WATER HEALTH ADVISORIES/STANDARDS
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
AQUATIC TOXICITY DATABASE
FREUNDL1CH ISOTHERM DATA
ADSORBENT MATRIX K 1/N
FILTRASORB 400 C (HG2+JO 0.46
Ce
UNITS
NA
NA
349B
34SB
SB
X/M
UNITS
mg/L
mg/gm
REF.
72E
5C-13
-------
RREL Treatability Database (Aqueous) Ver. NC. 5.Q 04/21/95
MERCURr
INFLUENT CONCENTRATION - 0-100 ug/L
EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY MATRIX SIC SCALE CONCENTRATION PERCENT REFERENCE
CODE ( U9/L ) REMOVAL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
0
0
0
0
D
D
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
0
D
0
0
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
0
0
D
D
0
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
0
0
0
D
0
0
0
D
D
D
D
0
D
0
0
D
D
0
0
D
0
F11
Fia
F1
F2
F3
F4
F12
F27
F19
F51
F37
Fia
F28
F
F2S
F57
F6
F17
F20
F1
F4
F38
F59
F2a
F2b
F1
F16
F7
F6
F4
F
F1a
F2
F1
F2
F3
F30
F12
F10
F26
F19
F29
F27
F31
F22
F21
F13
F15
F16
F7
F34
F37
F23
F14
F35
F32
F9
F5
F33
F6
F5
F10
F12
F13
F14
F15
0.01 (5)
0.01 (5)
O.OS (1)
<0.03 (1)
<0.02 (1)
0.10 (1)
<0.2 (6)
<0.22 (6)
<0.23 (6)
<1.0 (6)
<0.23 (6)
0.23 (6)
<0.3 (6>
<0.3 (19)
<0.22 (6)
<1.2 (6)
0.23 (6)
<0.2 (6)
<0.2 (6)
0.40 (7)
0.45 (6)
<0.2 (6)
<0.13 (6)
<0.24 (14)
<0.23 (24)
<1 (30)
<0.21 (19)
<1 (2)
<1 (2)
5 (3)
0.16
<0.20 (20)
<1 (4)
0.02 (6)
0.03 (10)
0.04 (11)
0.02 (11)
0.02 (10)
0.01 (13)
0.02 (5)
0.02 (5)
0.02 (11)
0.04 (5)
0.05 (10)
0.02 (10)
0.01 (5)
0.01 (10)
0.08 (10)
0.03 (6)
0.03 (10)
0.03 (6)
0.03 (5)
0.03 (10)
0.05 (12)
0.01 (5)
0.02 (5)
0.01 (5)
0.01 (5)
0.02 (ID
0.10 (9)
0.5 (14)
<0.03 (1)
0.05 (1)
0.03 (1)
<0.03 (1)
0.05 83
>75
33
>62
>64
>62
>41
>53
56
>52
>35
>63
>76
92.8
>43
>74
0
62
>78
>68
>66
>54
>67
>48
>0
>0
0
69
>33
>50
8C
81
36
95.6
93.1
96.7
60
90.0
92.0
8-
89
86
96.7
90.9
70
89
90.6
81
91.9
88
38
93.8
95.5
95.8
95.8
91.7
86
17
»91.7
8',
77
>70
82
868 -S-
866 -S-
2558 -S-
25SB -S-
255B -S-
255B S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
201B -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
678 ---
67B ---
35E -S-
678 ---
35E -S-
35E -S-
35E -S-
59E —
678 ---
35E -S-
868 -S-
86B -S-
86B -S-
868 *S-
868 S-
368 -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
86B -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
866 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
KOB -S-
255B -S-
255B -S-
2558 -S-
2558 -S-
2558 -S-
5C-14
-------
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+Fil
AS+Fil
CAC
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
Fil
PACT
RBC
RO
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sect
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
Al
AL+Fil
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AnFF
CAC
CAC (B)
ChOx(Cl)
ChPt
Fil
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
RA F3
3 F4
28 F11
28 F29
28 F1
28 F2
28 F25
28 F21
28 F13
10 B
28 F
49 B2
28 F26
33 P
28 F16
28 F14
28 F15
29 P1
29 P2
28 F20
28 F27
31 F8
28 F28
L F
CRA P4
CRA B14
CRA B1
CRA B15
F B4
F F8
0.11 CD
0.05 (1)
<0.05 (1)
0.15 (1)
0.15 (1)
<0.20 (20)
<0.20 (16)
<0.5 (2)
2
0.93
1.2 (74)
0.13
1.3 (2)
0.03 (10)
0.1
2 (4)
3 (30)
4 (3)
1 (2)
1 (2)
0.04 (8)
0.06 (S)
0.08 (5)
0.10 (5)
0.01 (5)
0.10 (6)
0.09 (5)
0.6 (14)
0.6 (14)
0.7 (14)
1.6 (14)
0.06 (1)
0.08 (1)
<0.05 (1>
0.43 (6)
0.30 (6)
0.65 (6)
<0.2 (6)
0.27 (6)
<0.2 (6)
0.28 (6)
0.57 (6)
4 (3)
0.8 (14)
<4 (1)
1.0 (2)
<1 (1)
1 (D
<0.2 (1)
3.0 (3>
<2 (2)
<1 (S)
0.09
0.25 (1)
66 (1)
<0.3
70 (1)
<10 (1)
70 (1)
0.9 (1)
0.5 (1)
<4 (1)
10 (3)
<1 (1)
1.0 (2)
2.7 (18)
0.1 (1)
11 (D
8 (1)
4 CD
<0.2 (2)
<1.0 (D
31
54
>90.0
98.5
92.5
>82
>87
>33
90
0
70
19
81
79
0
67
57
0
0
0
69
38
43
44
92.9
82
74
54
25
12
36
33
85
>38
31
46
0
>68
60
>43
47
37
0
47
>20
0
>50
0
>50
0
>17
>67
87
7
3
>57
0
>23
0
47
50
>85
85
>9
0
75
75
0
0
0
>62
>41
2558
255B
25SB
255B
255B
67B
67B
15B
S5E
47B
1830B
59E
173E
86B
144A
3SE
35E
35E
35E
35E
86B
868
868
86B
86B
86B
86B
140B
1408
1408
140B
2558
2558
255B
IB
IB
IB
IB
IB
18
1B
1B
35E
140B
STB
878
128
32B
87B
STB
STB
45E
393A
6388
STB
53B
878
878
STB
188A
188A
878
87B
31B
87B
36E
2650
2668
266B
2666
1927B
2458
-S-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
—
...
—
—
...
—
—
-S-
...
-s-
•s-
•s-
•s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
•s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
•s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
•s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-s-
-$-
—
—
—
,. .
. ..
. + +
--$
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
...
•-$
...
•s-
•s-
•s-
..
--
5C-15
-------
RREL Treatabtlity Database (Aqueous)
Ver. to. 5.0
04/21/95
MERCURY
INFLUENT CONCENTRATION • >100-1000 ug/L
EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY MATRIX SIC SCALE CONCENTRATION PERCENT REFERENCE
CODE ( ug/L ) REMOVAL
1458 -•-
878 ---
518 ---
STB —
51B ---
87B --•
265D ---
265D ---
2650 ••-
REFERENCE
AlgiE
AS
ChPt
ChPt (B) + Fil
RO
SExt
ChPtuPAC+Fil
ChPtwPAC+Fi t
ChPtwPAC*FH
GU
1
J
I
I
I
ROW
ROW
RCRA
28
10
28
10
28
B
F17
P1
F19
P2
F8
P1
P2
P3
4.1 (13)
190 (2)
10 (12)
26 (1)
60 (4)
240 (1)
2.4 CD
0.4 (1)
400 (1)
99.44
C
98.0
69
7'8
0
98.8
99.922
0
INFLUENT CONCENTRATION - >1-10 rag/L
TECHNOLOGY
MATRIX SIC
CODE
EFFLUENT
SCALE CONCENTRATION
( ug/L }
PERCENT
REMOVAL
RO
RO
ChPt
ChPt (B)
D
0
s
s
P3
P4
81
82
900 (2)
1,600 (2)
2.600 (1)
<1 CD
32
32
10
>99.966
188 ---
188 ---
43E ---
43E ---
5C-16
-------
MODULE #5C
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Best Professional Judgement
SITUATION:
You are the permit writer responsible for drafting a NPDES permit for "Danny's Print Shop,
Inc.," a new commercial printing facility that plans to begin operation within 6 months. Processes
to be employed at the facility include lithographic and letterpress printing. Since effluent
limitations guidelines and standards have not been promulgated for the printing industry, you must
develop technology-based effluent limits using your best professional judgement (BPJ). For
purposes of this exercise, you must conduct research to support development of technology-based
effluent limits for copper.
GIVEN:
Based on information provided in NPDES application forms 1 and 2d, Danny's Print Shop plans
to utilize physical/chemical treatment plant (chemical precipitation followed by filtration) to treat
all process wastewater that will be discharged via Outfall 001. No other wastewaters from the
facility will be treated or discharged through Outfall 001. In application form 2d, Danny's has
also indicated that it anticipates that its wastewater characteristics will be similar to another
facility that it owns and operates at a different location. Danny's has provided the following
"typical" influent and effluent data for the other operation :
Average influent copper concentration = 110 ug/1
Average effluent copper concentration = 55 ug/1
Average flow = 25,000 gpd
QUESTIONS:
(1) What regulatory level(s) of treatment (e.g., BPT, BCT, BAT, NSPS, PSES, PSNS) should
be reflected hi the technology-based limit to be established for copper based on best
professional judgement?
(2) In general, what treatment technology(s) should you research to determine the appropriate
performance-based effluent limits for this facility?
5C-17
-------
(3) Based on information in the EPA RREL Treatability Data Base, what is the expected range
of percent removals for copper using chemical precipitation and filtration (assuming
influent concentrations similar to Danny's)*! Do the data provided for Danny's other
facility indicate that it is acheiving these levels of performance?
(4) Based on information contained in the NPDES Industrial Permit Abstracts for three
facilities that contain effluent limitations for copper (see attached), which of the three could
serve as the basis for a technology-based effluent limit for copper for the Danny's facility?
Explain your answer.
(5) Based on information contained in the EPA Summary of Available Information on the
Levels and Control of Toxic Pollutants Discharges in the Printing and Publishing Point
Source Category (see attached), what percent removals have been demonstrated for copper
at printing facilities similar to Danny's'! Explain your answer.
(6) Of the sources of information reviewed, which do you feel would serve as the most
defensible basis for a technology-based effluent limit for copper at the printing facility?
Explain your conclusions.
5C-18
-------
COPPER TREATABILITY DATA
FROM THE
EPA RREL TREATABILITY DATA BASE
(Version 5.0)
5C-19
-------
5C-20
-------
RREL TREATABILITY DATABASE
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES CODE AND ABBREVIATION TABLE
AQUEOUS DATA FILE
Treatment Technologies (Those with data)
AAS - Activated Alumina Sorption
AFF - Aerobic Fixed Film
AL - Aerobic Lagoons
API - API Oil/Water Separator
AS - Activated Sludge
AirS - Air Stripping
AlkHyd - Alkaline Hydrolysis
AlglE - Algal Ion Exchange
AnFF - Anaerobic Fixed Film
BGAC - Biological Granular Activated Carbon
CAC - Chemically Assisted Clarification
ChOx - Chemical Oxidation (Parantheses shows oxidation chemical
(i.e. ChOx(UV) is ultraviolet light, ChOx(Cl) is
chlorine, ChOx(Oz) is ozone, ChOx(H2O2) is peroxide,
ChOx(C102) is chlorine dioxide, and ChOx(Sur) is
surfactant)
ChOx/Pt - Chemical Oxidation/Precipitation
ChPt - Chemical Precipitation
ChRed - Chemical Reduction
DAF - Dissolved Air Flotation
ED - Electrodialysis
Fil - Filtration
GAC - Activated Carbon (Granular)
IE - Ion Exchange (Parantheses shows resin type ie. (A) is
anionic, (C) is cationic, and (M) is mixed)
KPEG - Dechlorination of Toxics using an Alkoxide (Formed by the
reaction of potassium hydroxide with polyethylene glycol
(PEG400))
PAC - Powdered Activated Carbon
PACT - Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to Activated Sludge
RA - Resin Adsorption
RBC - Rotating Biological Contactor
RO - Reverse Osmosis
SBR - Sequential Batch Reactor
SCOx - Super Critical Oxidation
Sed - Sedimentation
SExt - Solvent Extraction
Soft - Water Softening
SS - Steam Stripping
TF - Trickling Filter
UF - Ultrafiltration
WOx - Wet Air Oxidation
5C-21
-------
NOTES:
+ is the first process unit followed in process
train by the second ie. AS + Fil - Activated Sludge followed
by Filtration.
w is the two units together ie. UFwPAC -
Ultrafiltration using Powdered Activated Carbon.
(B) is batch instead of continuous flow.
Scale
B - Bench Top P - Pilot Plant F - Full Scale
Number after letter refers to the plant number in a specific
reference (ex. F7 - plant 7 is the seventh full scale plant in the
indicated report).
Matrix
C - Clean water (ex. distilled)
D - Domestic wastewater
GW - Groundwater
HL - Hazardous leachate
I - Industrial wastewater
ML - Municipal leachate
RCRA - RCRA listed wastewater
S - Synthetic wastewater
SF - Superfund wastewater
SP - Spill
T - Tap water
TSDF - Commercial treatment, storage and disposal facility -
liquids
W - Surface water
SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) Codes
For industrial wastewaters a 2 digit SIC code will be given
following the letter designation, i.e. I 22 is a Textile Mill
Products wastewater.
If the SIC code is unknown a U will be shown, I U.
10 - Metal mining
12 - Coal mining
13 - Oil and gas extraction
20 - Food and kindered products
22 - Textile mill products
24 - Lumber and wood products
26 - Paper and allied products except computer equipment
27 - Printing and publishing
28 - Chemicals and allied products
29 - Petroleum refining and related
30 - Rubber and misc. plastic products
31 - Leather and leather products
33 - Primary metals industries
5C-22
-------
34 - Fabricated metal products except machinery &
transportation equip.
36 - Electronic and electric equipment
37 - Transportation Equipment
39 - Misc. manufacturing industries
47 _ Transportation services
49 - Electric, gas, and sanitary
99 - Nonclassifiable establishments/industries
Effluent Concentration
Effluent concentration will be given as a arithmetic mean to two
significant figures. The number of samples used to calculate the
mean is given after concentration as (n) (ex. 13 (5) - 13 is the
mean of 5 sample values).
% Removal
Percent removal will be calculated on a concentration basis. If
data are available, it will also be calculated on a mass basis for
physical/chemical systems. Those values calculated on a mass basis
will be noted by a (m). An example would be:
% Removal:
99.95
98 (m)
99.95 is based on concentration
98 is based on mass
where % Removal =
Influent - Effluent
Influent
Reference Quality Codes
A - Papers in a peer reviewed journal.
B - Government report or database.
C - Reports and/or papers other than in groups A or B not
reviewed.
D - Group C papers and/or reports which have been given a "good"
quality rating by a selected peer review.
E - Group C papers and /or reports which have been given a "poor"
quality rating by a selected peer review. These data will only
be used when no other data are available.
Additional Codes Following Reference Codes
V - Volatile emissions data available in Reference
S - Sludge data available in Reference
$ - Costs data available in Reference
5C-23
-------
RREL Treatability Database (Aqueous)
ver. No. 5.0
04/18/95
COPPER
TECHNOLOGY
INFLUENT CONCENTRATION - 0-100 ug/L
EFFLUENT
MATRIX SIC SCALE CONCENTRATION PERCENT
CODE < ug/L ) REMOVAL
REFERENCE
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
CAC
ChPt
ChPt
m
Fil
GAC
RBC
RBC
RO
RO
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
TF
TF
TF
TF
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
D
0
D
0
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
D
D
0
0
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
0
0
D
0
f
F3
F4
F1
F
F2
F
F2
F
F6
F30
F32
F60
MO
F2
F26
F19
F54
F2
fit
F9
F5
F
F6
F4
F7
F3
F8
F5
F9
F5
F19
F13
F21
F12
F35
F27
F10
F2
F2
P
F
F
F1
F33
F17
PI
P
F12
F10
F11
F9
F3
F4
F20
F28
F25
F1
F6
F6
F7
F8
F10
F52
F60
F15
0.12 (36)
10 <1>
<10 (1)
<1 (7)
30 (33)
10
24 (35)
3
10 (14)
<1 (7)
<2 (6)
44 (6)
8 (6)
12 C6>
<1 (7)
8 (6)
15 (6)
<3 (6)
10 (7)
17 (6)
26 (6>
31 (6>
62
30 (2)
40 (3>
10 <23)
<10 (1)
50 (2)
30 (23)
20 (1)
70 (2)
10 (1)
20 (2)
10 (1)
10 (2)
20 (1)
10 (1)
20 (1)
50 (14)
23 (9)
7.7
55
25
20 (27)
<2 (6>
10 (2)
3.9 (32)
0.5
20 (23)
60 (23)
50 (23)
90 (1)
60 (3)
10 (2)
20 (1)
30 (1)
10 (1)
78 04)
85 (14)
40 CO
30 CD
SO (1)
10 (6)
12 <6>
30 <6>
25 (6)
36
50
>67
>98.2
77
84
72
92.3
86
>98.9
>90.0
56
92.0
83
>98.7
92 ..0
85
>86
82
63
63
56
33
67
33
89
>67
17
67
78
12
89
75
83
90.0
60
80
75
38
68
84
11
56
64
>94.9
75
92.6
72
50
14
0
10
33
67
6C
7C
80
2
12
2Ci
D
50
66
<.8
i8
57
54E ---
2558 -S-
255B -S-
234A ---
198E -S-
243A -S-
201 B -S-
167E -S-
142A •-
234A —
1B -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
234A —
IB -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
59E ---
35E -S-
35E -S-
52A ••-
31B ---
35E -S-
S2A --•
35E -S-
35E -S-
866 -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
86B -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
2S5B -S-
131E -S-
1682B ---
478 ---
59E ---
33D -S-
1682B ---
IB -S-
868 -S-
188 ---
144A ---
52A ---
52A ---
52A ---
35E -S-
35E -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
86B -S-
86B -S-
131E -S-
140B -S-
2558 -S-
255B -S-
2558 -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
16 -S-
16 -S-
5C-24
-------
TF
TF
AL
AnFFwGAC
AnFFwGAC
Al+Fil
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AlkHyd
CAC
CAC
CAC
ChOx(Cl)
CNPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt*FH
ChPt*FH
ChPtffil
ChPt*Fil
ChPt*FH
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+FH
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt*Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+FH
ChPt+FH
ChPt+FU
ChPt+FU (B)
ChPt+Fil (8)
ChPt+Fil (B)
ChPtwChOx
Ftl
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
PACT
PACT
RA
R6C
SExt
ss
ss
ss
ss
ChPtuPAC+Fil f
API S
AS S
AirS S
ChPt S
ChPt (8) S
OAF S
OAF (8) S
Fit S
Fit S
GAC S
GAC S
GAC S
D
D
SU
XL
XL
I
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
28
31
31
28
28
28
31
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
37
37
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
37
34
37
34
34
37
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
10
33
33
10
33
28
28
28
28
28
31
28
28
31
28
28
28
28
28
F9
F3
F2
PI
P2
F29
F5
F6
F5
F1
F9
F2
F2
F7
F25
F23
F5
F30
F24
F8
F9
F2
F34
814
811
86
B21
B9
B24
B64
856
859
861
815
810
813
87
88
B12
625
822
823
860
865
863
BS7
B62
BS8
B
81
82
P2
P
F1
F14
F5
F4
F9
F1
F8
F4
F7
F8
F12
F22
F33
F7
B1
F3
F6
F7
8
B
F3
84
F6
F3
F4
F2
F3
50 (23)
30 (3)
10 (3)
40
20
«? (3)
17 (1)
8 (1)
18 (1)
26 (1)
<4 (1)
47 (1)
50 CD
20 (I)
<8 <3)
<9 (3)
28 (3)
72 (3)
34 (3)
13 (1)
6 (1)
<8 (3)
18 (3)
7 (1)
22 (1)
59 (1)
12 <1)
36 (1)
4 (1)
2 (1)
8 tD
1 CD
7 (1)
5 (1)
8 (1)
14 (1)
24 (1)
14 (1)
22 (1)
5 (1)
8 (1)
6 (1)
1 (D
1 (1)
4 (1)
8 (1)
8 CD
3 CD
10 CD
<20 (D
20 (D
13
78
40 CD
20 CD
21 (3)
30 (2)
<6 (2)
<10 CD
34 (D
43 C2>
69 CD
18 C3>
<6 CD
30 CD
21 C3>
10 CD
<5 CD
24 CD
<26 C5>
30 CO
5 CD
<1 CD
37 CD
<2.0 C2>
<18 (5)
18 CD
<*.5 CD
<5.7 CD
17 (D
50
50
70
33
67
>76
82
58
0
0
>33
0
9
50
>53
>47
0
0
0
86
93.8
>77
14
77
27
32
50
59
83
90.0
60
95.0
65
33
90.8
53
72
84
27
79
67
75
95.0
95.0
80
60
60
85
83
>33
0
74
20
0
80
25
30
>50
>76
0
0
0
47
>25
0
22
0
>89
8
>73
0
90.7
>99.00
0
>94.7
'75
51
>10
>91.6
15
52A ---
35E -S-
87B ---
1548 ---
1548 -•-
STB ---
318 ---
318 ---
328 ---
328 ---
328 ---
318 ---
328 ---
32B ---
878 ---
87B ---
878 --
878 ---
878 ---
328 ---
328 ---
2618 ---
878
298
298
298
29B
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
298
29B
298
298
29B
298
298
29B
298
298
298
298
176E ---
169E ---
169E ---
139E ---
538 --$
32B ---
876 ---
87B ---
878 ---
878 ---
31B ---
328 ---
87B ---
318 ---
878 ---
878 ---
87B ---
878 ---
87B ---
2650 ---
2458 ---
245B ---
245B ---
91E --•
182A ---
245B ---
19278 ••-
2458 ---
245B --•
245B -•-
245B --•
2458 ---
5C-25
-------
RRiL Treatabi U'ty Database (Aqueous)
Ver. No. 5.0
04/18/95
COPPER
INFLUENT CONCENTRATION - >100-1000 ug/L
EFFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY MATRIX SIC SCALE CONCENTRATION FERCENT
CODE ( ug/l ) REMOVAL
REFERENCE
AL
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS
AS+FH
AS*Fil
CAC
D
0
0
0
D
0
D
D
D
0
0
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
D
D
0
0
D
D
D
0
0
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
D
0
0
D
D
D
0
0
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
D
D
D
0
0
D
D
0
FS5
F18
F
F1
F4
F3
F1
F3
F12
F18
F57
FSB
F20
FU
F5
F31
F6
F17
F59
F36
F27
F55
F
F25
F13
F51
F7
F37
F1
P
F1
Fib
F2
F2a
F2b
F3
F4
F1a
F6
F4
F2
F10
F7
F1
F2
F3
F30
F34
F10
FU
F31
F29
F32
F6
F33
F23
F15
FS
F15
F16
F18
F19
F20
F3a
F3b
f
<13 (6)
10 (1)
240 (12)
14
9
5
14
30 (7)
86 (6)
7 (6)
81 (6)
5 (6)
9 (6)
28 (6)
26 (7)
49 (6)
47 <6>
35 {6}
20 <6>
11 (6)
15 <6>
40 (6)
<20 (3)
<8 <6>
28 (6)
19 (6)
39 (6)
14 (6)
27 (7)
160 (14)
160 (23)
66 (28)
100 (4)
58 (15)
99 (23)
40 (23)
38 (D
42 (23)
70 (23)
20 (23)
20 (23)
70 (3)
200 C2)
80 (30)
140 (2)
10 (2)
10 (2)
190 CD
10 (2)
10 (2)
10 (2)
10 (2)
10 (1)
20 (2)
10 C2)
20 (1)
20 (2)
67 (14)
160 (1>
100 CD
<*0 (D
30 CD
20 CD
<19 (22)
<18 (15)
130 (3)
>90.7
98.1
76
89
93.3
96.2
87
86
90 ..7
94.2
90.0
96.9
95.0
90.3
86
78
93.8
81
88
90.6
93.8
84
>85
>92.7
77
94.2
82
96.1
as
80
70
84
9
89
83
83
76
92.0
90.0
86
88
60
74
62
66
90.9
96.3
68
94.4
9t.7
91.7
96.8
91.7
88
92.3
94.1
90.5
60
33
84
>95.2
88
?7.4
>95.3
>39
19
1B -S-
868 -S-
1320 -S-
167E -S-
167E -S-
167E -S-
243A -S-
234A ---
1B -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
IB -S-
1B -S-
234A ---
IB -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
1B -S-
16 -S-
18 -S-
15B •-•
IB -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
1B -S-
16A -S-
52A —
67B —
35E -S-
67B ---
678 •--
52A ---
318 --
67B ---
52A ---
52A ---
52A ---
35E -S-
35E -S-
35E -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
86B -S-
86B -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
868 -S-
86B -S*
86B -S-
86B -S-
140B -S-
2558 -S-
25SB -S-
2558 -S-
255B -S-
255B -S-
678 ---
678 ---
1SB ---
5C-26
-------
CAC
ChPt
ChPt
PACT
RO
S«d
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sed
Sect
Sed
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
TF
GAC
ChPtwPAOFil
AL
AL
AS
AS
AS
AnFF
CAC
CAC
CAC
CAC
CAC
CAC (8)
CAC (8)
CAC (8)
CAC (8)
CACwFil
ChOx(Cl)
ChOx(Cl) (B)
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt * Fil (8)
ChPt + Fil (8)
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+FH
ChPt*FH
ChPt*Fil
ChPt+FU
ChPt+Fil
ChPt»FH
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+FH
ChPt+Fil
ChPtwChOX(Cl)
Fil
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
GAC
IE
RA
RA (B) + Fit
SExt (8)
SS
SS-GAC
0
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
D
0
D
D
0
0
D
D
0
0
0
0
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
GU
HL
31
28
28
28
28
10
28
31
31
31
31
49
49
49
33
36
28
28
34
99
34
99
34
33
34
28
36
34
34
34
99
99
34
34
34
37
49
10
10
28
28
28
28
28
28
10
28
28
28
28
28
F4
F1
F
P
P2
F2
P
F5
F1
F8
F3
F6
F36
F24
F1
F2
F3
F9
F21
F27
F11
F17
F29
F39
F37
F8
F4
F2
P7
F7
F11
F3
F21
F13
8
F
F6
F2
F7
F1
81
S3
82
81
F
F26
F18
819
P1
816
P2
866
P
869
82
81
820
818
B17
PI
P2
867
868
870
F
F
82
P2
F16
F3
F15
F3
F1
F10
P2
F3
F20
F32
F6
F27
160 (1)
68 (27)
88 (101)
<80 (4)
70 (4)
110 (4)
72 (4)
80 (2)
210 (30)
60 (2)
30 (1)
90 (2)
10 (1)
20 (1)
68 (14)
61 (14)
75 (14)
200 (1)
150 (6>
160 (6)
62 (6)
12 (6)
68 (6)
110 (6)
120 (6)
110 (23)
47 (14)
30 (1)
<80 (1)
60 (1)
81 <3>
150 (1)
560 (3)
64 (2)
55 (5)
130
19 (1)
41 (1)
220 (1)
42 (1)
110 (1)
10 (1)
220 (1)
30 (1)
50
160 (3)
220 (3)
40 (1)
85
69 (1)
160
28 (1)
98
10 (1)
20 (1)
65 (1)
24 (1)
18 (1)
20 (1)
26
41
28 (1)
7 (1)
8 (1)
15 (6)
260
<20 (1)
50
170 (3)
43 (1)
93 (3)
370 (1)
350 (1)
860 (1)
170
67 (1)
6 (1)
200 (2)
150 (1)
57 C3)
63
73
69
>84
92.9
58
52
77
32
45
90.0
40
90.9
82
70
58
28
50
56
33
74
93.3
38
45
67
8
65
71
>43
73
83
0
0
65
92.4
66
88
64
42
61
80
95.4
73
93.9
70
0
Q
95.0
87
91.4
71
96.9
90.0
98.9
92.0
85
97.0
97.8
97.5
96.2
92.3
96.9
99.22
99.11
98.4
64
>97.9
70
26
80
44
0
0
0
10
82
94.6
0
0
78
318 ---
16828 ---
1S30B ---
173E ---
188 ---
35E -S-
44E -S-
35E -S-
35E -S-
35E -S-
31B ---
356 -S-
86B -S-
868 -S-
UOB -S-
i4oe -s-
UOB -S-
2558 -S-
1B -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
18 -S-
52A ---
1408 -S-
87B ---
265D ---
318 ---
878 ---
328 ---
87B ---
878 •--
456 ---
393* ---
318 ---
318 ---
318 -•
318 ---
6388 ---
6388 ---
6388 ---
169E ---
279E •-•
878 ---
878 •--
298 --$
7E ---
298 --S
7E ---
298 --$
538 --$
298 --S
88E ---
886 ---
298 --$
298 --$
298 --$
7E ---
7E ---
298 --$
298 --$
298 --$
1378 --$
194E ---
668 ---
139E ---
878 ---
328 ---
878 ---
878 --•
878 ---
878 ---
139E ---
87B •-•
87B ---
878 ---
878 ---
87B ---
5C-27
-------
Sed I 31 F8 <30 CD >83 318 ---
Sed I 49 F1 180 56 6388 ---
Sed (B) I 33 81 <20 '».9 169E -•-
Sed*AS I 28 F2B 37 <3) 81 STB --•
ChPt HL F 87 C20) &S 36E --$
IE(C) RCRA P 130 (7) 74 2678 --•
UOx+FH (B) RCRA 81 120 CD 66 2668 -S-
AS S B 100 C5) 13 2SA -S-
AirS SF F6 110 C4) 0 24SB ---
ChPt SF F6 86 (4) 23 2458 ---
Fil - SF F2 140 CD 7 245B ---
FH SF FB 250 (5) 9 245B ---
GAC SF FB <9 C5) >94.3 245B ---
IE U P 12 (3) 95.0 42A ---
5C-28
-------
RREL TreatabiIity Database (Aqueous)
ver. No. 5.0
04 /18/95
COPPER
TECHNOLOGY
INFLUENT CONCENTRATION - >1-10 mg/L
EFFLUENT
MATRIX SIC SCALE CONCENTRATION PERCENT
CODE ( ug/L } REMOVAL
REFERENCE
AS
AS
AS
ChPt
RO
RO
Sed
Sed 1
AS
AS
AS
AS
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt (B)
ChPt
ChPt + Fil (B)
ChPt+FH
ChPt+FU
ChPt»FH
ChPt*FH
ChPt*Fil
ChPt+fH
ChPt+FH
ChPtfFil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+FH
ChPt+FH
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+FU
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil (B)
ChPtwFil
RO
AnFF #
ChPtuPAC+Fil K
ChPt*PAC»FH N
IE
38 <1>
82 (1)
910 CD
140 CD
39 <500 (1)
<40 (1)
<300 CD
110 (5)
20 (1)
5 (1)
67 (1)
200 (1)
240 (1)
140 (1)
14 (1)
930 (1)
6 (1)
33 (1)
160 (1)
14 (1)
940 (1)
3 (1)
18 (1)
130 (1)
170 (1)
850 (1)
13 (1)
<20 CD
550 C22)
10 (4)
1,500 (8)
1200 (1)
600 (D
510 (7)
100 (D
150 (D
280 (5)
<50 (D
70 58
>99.60
>85
96.2
98.7
99.78
97.1
91.3
82
89
99.80
54
99.914
99.30
92.0
99.80
S3
99.936
99.62
88
87
23
98.8
>98.6
90.5
99.84
74
86
93.2
89
99.00
97.7
96.1
>97.9
98.5
IB -S-
330 -S-
255B -S-
55E •-
188 ---
188 ---
35E -S-
330 -S-
9758 ••$
975B --$
STB ---
268A -S-
298 --
298 --
298 --
196 --
298 --
298 --
298 --
518 --
298 --
298 -•
298 --
298 --
298 --
298 --
896 --
24E --
24E --
129E --
129E --
184E --
88E --
29B --
29B --
29B --
298 --
298 --
298 --
296 --
298 --
29B --
298 --
298 --
298 --
298 --
298 --
298 --
29B --
298 --
298 --
668 •--
62E ---
516 ---
41A -S-
265D ---
265D ---
267B ---
1818 ---
2458 --•
245B ---
19760 -S$
19760 -S$
5C-29
-------
5C-30
-------
SELECTED ABSTRACTS
FROM THE
NPDES INDUSTRIAL PERMIT ABSTRACTS
5C-31
-------
I
5C-32
-------
Facility Name: Sumit Corp of America Permit Number: CT0001180
Facility Description: M«tal finishing SIC Code: 3471
Limit
Basis:
ELGS
±
WOSs
i
BPJ
Monitoring
Only
i
WET
Limits
I
WET Testing
Only
Multiple
Categories
Tiered
Limits
Other
Special
Conditions:
BMPs
i
Storm
Water
Sediment
WQ
Survey
Bio
Survey
TRES
i
MDLS
Monitoring
Other
Abstract Information:
Complete; Outfall 001
Outfall: 001 j Receiving Water: Naugatuek River | Treatment: Neut, PF
Amount /Component s :
0.376 MOD average, 0.5 MGO daily maxii**, of treated metal finishing wasteuater.
Parameter
Acute WET
Ag
Al
Au
BOOS
Cd
Chronic WET
CN (A), Amenable
CN
CN CT)
Cr (T)
_.
Cu
Fe
Flow
Fluoride
Limitations
Average
N/A
N/A
0.027200 kg/d
0.100000 mg/l
N/A
2.000000 mg/l
N/A
O.tOOOOO mg/l
N/A
N/A
0.025000 kg/d
0.100000 mg/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.100000 mg/l
0.193060 kg/d
0.220000 mg/l
N/A
1.000000 mg/l
0.218000 kg/d
1.000000 mg/l
N/A
3.000000 mg/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
20.000000 mg/l
«H3 H/A
N/A
Ni
Other
Pb
N/A
1.000000 mg/l
N/A
N/A
0.048300 kg/d
0.100000 mg/l
Maximum
N/A
Report
0.054400 kg/d
0.500000 mg/l
N/A
4.000000 mg/l
N/A
0.500000 mg/l
N/A
Report
0.050000 kg/d
0.500000 mg/l
N/A
Report
N/A
0.200000 mg/l
0.386200 kg/d
0.400000 mg/l
N/A
2.000000 mg/l
0.436000 kg/d
2.000000 mg/l
N/A
S. 000000 mg/l
N/A
Report
N/A
40.000000 mg/l
N/A
10.000000 mg/l
N/A
2.000000 mg/l
N/A
Report
Other
See below
See below
See below
Indiun
0.096600 kg/d
0.500000 mg/l
Monitoring Requirements
Frequency
1 /quarter
I/week
I/week
1/ueek
1 /month
I/year
1/quaner
1/week
1/week
I/year
I/week
1/week
During discharg
1/week
1/week
1/u««k
I/week
1 /month
Sample Type
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
Composite
grab
Grab
Composite
Composite
Composite
Record
composite
Composite
i
Compos i te
i
Composite
Composite
5C-33
-------
Facility Name: Strait Corp of America Permit Number: CTOOOJ^^
Facility Description: Metal finishing SIC Code: ^^J
Pd
PH
Sit
Temp.
TRC
TSS
TTOs
Zn
N/A
N/A
N/A
NM
N/A
2.000000 ng/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.350000 mg/l
N/A
20.000000 mg/l
N/A
N/A
0.558500 kg/d
1.000000 mg/l
N/A
Report
N/A
N/A
N/A
4.000000 mg/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.620000 mg/l
N/A
30.000000 mg/l
N/A
1.000000 *j/l
1.117000 kg/d
2.000000 nj/l
Between £.0 su and 9
.5 su
See below
See below
I/week
1 /month
1/ueek
1/week
1/week
1 /month
1/week
composite
Composite
Composite
Grab
Composite
Grab
Composite
Limitations/Monitoring Basis:
The limits and monitoring conditions were based on ELGs in 40 CFR Part 433 Section 22a-430-4s(2) and State WOSs.
The concentration of the pollutants limited on any grab sample is required to be less than 1.5 times the maximum
daily concentrations. The mass-based limitations (Cu, Cd, Pb. Ag, Zn, and CN
-------
Facility Name: Bradford Dyeing Assoc., Inc. Permit Number: R 1 0000043
Facility Description: Dyes and finishes wool and woven cloth products SIC Code: 2269
: Monitoring
Limit ELGs WOSs BPJ Only
Basis: 111 1 i
. Storm WO
Special BMPs uater Sediment Survey
Conditions: i ; ! i Z -
WET WET Testing Multiple Tiered
Limits Only Categories Limits Other
- 1 - J. 1
Bio |
Survey TRES MOLs Monitoring I Other
1 I i III
Abstract Information:
Complete; Outfall 002 (created for abstracting purposes), 002A, OOZB, 002C, 002D, and 002E.
jOutfall: 002 ] Receiving Water: Pawcatuck River | Treatment: AL
1 Amount/ C omponent s :
3.4 cfs design flow of wastewaters from manufacturing processes, sanitary, cooling, potable, and storm water.
Parameter
Acute WET
Cd (T)
Coliform (T)
1
Cu (T)
FC
Flow
NH3 (T)
Otner
P CT)
Pb CT)
pH
Priority pollutan
ts
Sb (T)
TOC
! Zn (T)
Limitations
Monthly
Average
N/A
N/A
N/A
3.000000 ufl/l
200.000000
N/A
N/A
36.000000 ug/l
200.000000
N/A
2.300000 MGD
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.000000 ug/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
116.000000 ug/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
368.000000 ug/l
Daily
Maximum
N/A
N/A
N/A
6.000000 ug/l
400.000000
N/A
N/A
36.000000 ug/l
400.000000
N/A
3.600000 MGD
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Report mg/l
N/A
Report mg/l
N/A
2.000000 ug/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
232.000000 ug/l
N/A
N/A
N/A
406.000000 ug/l
Other
See be lot*
Units: MPN/100 ml
Units: MPN/100 nl
Monitor in WET testi
ng
Ortho- phosphorus
Monitor 1 year only
< 1 ug/l monthly ave
rage
Between 6.0 su and 9
.0 su
See below
Monitor in WET testi
ng
Monitoring Requirements
Frequency
1 /quarter
2/month
2/month
2/month
2/month
Continuous
every 2sp. event
1 /month
1 /month
2/month
1 /operating day
2/year
2/month
every 2sp. event
2/month
Sample Type
24hr fw composite
24hr fw composite
grab j
24hr composite
grab
recorder
24hr composite
24hr composite
24hr composite ',
grab j
Varies \
24hr composite
i
i
24hr composite
i
jlimitations/Momtoring Basis:
! Outfail 002 was created for abstracting purposes to represent those limitations which are in effect, regardless of
varying production. These limits apply in conjunction with Outfalls 002A, 002B, 002C, 002D, and OOZE tiered limits.
Generally, limitations and monitoring requirements are based on ELGs, State WQSs, State regulations, and BPJ. FC is
: included and limited due to the sanitary wastewater discharge. Limits are based on State performance standards for
! secondary treatment. A review of sampling data from the State User Fee Program and DMRs indicated the need to
i monitor and limit Sb (T), Cd (T), Cu (T), Pb (T), and Zn (T); WO-based limits were calculated using water quality
criteria and minimum database guidelines. Daily max. limits for Sb (T), Pb (T), and Cd (T) were statistically
derived from the monthly avg. because the daily max. limit is more than two times themonthly avg. Limits bases for
flow and pH were not specifically explained. Monitoring for P nutrients is specified in order to determine nutrient
5C-35
-------
Facility MM*: Springfield Electroplating Permit Number: VTOOOOJJ^
Facility Description: Metal finishing/electroplating and electro Less plating SIC Code: ^^Bi
Monitoring
Limit ELGs WQSs 8PJ Only
Basis: ^ l i -
Storm UQ
Special B«Ps Water Sediment Survey
Conditions: ^11 -
WET WET Testing Multiple Tiered | '
Limits Only Categories Limits | Other
Bio j !
Survey TRES MOLs Monitoring Other ;
- - ; J. . !
Abstract information: I
Complete; 001 I
Outfall: 001 1 Receiving Water: Black River | Treatment: ChPt
Amount/Components: t
1500 0*0 (max. allowable) treated electroplating msteuater including resin exchange regenerant.
Parameter
Cd
Cd
CN
CN
Cr
Cr (T>
Cu
Cu
Flou
Ni
Ni
PH
PH
TSS
TSS
TTOs
TTOS
Zn
limitations
Average
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
H/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Naxinua
N/A
0.300000 fig/ 1
N/A
0.300000 mg/l
N/A
0.300000 ng/l
N/A
0.300000 flB/l
N/A
0.500000 mg/l
N/A
0.500000 mg/l
M/A
0.500000
-------
Facility Na
Springfield Electroplating
Permit Nuneer: VT000027H .
Facility Description: Metal finishing/electroplating and electroIess plating
SIC Code; 3471 ,
N/A
N/A
N/A
1.480000 mg/t
1/batch
Grab
Limitations/Monitoring Sasis: .
Limits for TSS and TTO are based on ELGs (40 CFR Part 433 • Metal Finishing Point Source Category Electroplating and
ElectroIess Plating}, limits for Cd(T>, Cr(T), Cu, flow, and pH are based on the antibacksliding
clause of the CUA. Limits for Cd, Nt(T), Zn(T), CM(T}, and TSS apply to samples collected from
treatment batches following metals precipitation. Permit specifies that samples are to be collected from each
treatment batch at least 30 minutes after the agitator has been shut off. CM limit applies following treatment
batches following CN destruction. Neither metals nor CN treatment batches may be discharged unless samples conply
with limits. In lieu of TTO limit, the permittee may certify that no toxic organics are discharged and submit a
solvents management plan by 3/31/91 and analyze one grab sample for purgeable organics (list provided in permit).
Special Conditions Basis:
See limitations/monitoring basis
Effective Date: 12/18/90
Expiration Date: 09/30/95
Abstract Date: 09/20/93 ;
5C-37
-------
5C-38
-------
Unittd Statw
Environ memsl Protection
Agency
Effluent Guideline! Division
WH-G62
Washington DC 20460
EPA 440/1-83/400
October 1983
Water
Summary
of Available Information
on the Levels and Control
of Toxic Pollutants Discharges
in the
Printing and Publishing
Point Source Category
-------
5C-40
-------
II
u
v
I
tf
!l
M
8P
v 3 o
13 f-~
S" I 5 -5
Sot
u
•*"!
•SJ2
I5
O co
.
.a.
f fff
J!l^
R
fl Jf I .
S ve>
s- I!
j ol
itJ 1
p.
fl l?l U «"
.«
V3
•s-a
.a .a
!.«
«€
g I
* Hj
J*S ill
I
u
.a .a
II
L-? -
* e » 6
*-"••< IT afi
Oi u .« u c
— B. 4J « .3 .5
w -a - V . S -&S
g I -2 tt h. f |
"op u> EL
i" I u a
§ 2'1 -8
B ii »• ••* *»
n a) a •-• i»
9 B. b I P-
_ to 2. ?? !n ai
52 S5 |5
£ ± £ Jj
*» u
— O.
S
J
2
U;1
HI?
5
'£
M '
l»l
fill
i S fe -S
i 8 S =
J S
I If
Q. e 85
41 5 *3 5
h.-3 8PJ 1
• •• ••* Q. u
>> w in ca
§• a s .a -s.
6 o -^ o
•g« i^a
1 s I"*
U S Q B U
f Iff
—• M f> •&
5C-41
-------
TABLE VI-2
TOXIC POLLUTANT REMOVAL IN BATCH METALS
TREATMENT SYSTEM AT PLANT 5478l
Parameter
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Ethylbenzene
Benzene
Chloroform
Arsenic
Influent to
Treatment (ug/1)
109,000
4,610
482 , 000
74
10 , 700
1,780
190
900
33
Effluent Froe
Treatment (ug/1)
1,690
771
3,830
71
14,300
80
10
5
6
Percent
Removal
98
83
99
4
96
95
99
82
1 Flow = 600 gpd from water-based ink press cleaning.
5C-42
-------
TABLE VI-5
REDUCTION OF TOXIC, CONVENTIONAL, AND NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS
IN PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL TREATMENT SYSTEM AT PLANT 81901
Pollutant
Chromium (ug/1)
Copper (ug/1)
Lead (ug/1)
Silver (ug/1)
Zinc (ug/1)
BODs (mg/i)
COD (mg/l)
TOC (mg/l)
NHa as N (ng/1)
TKN as N (mg/l)
Total Suspended Solids
(mg/l)
Total Volatile Solids
(mg/l)
Raw
Wastewater
1,190
52
46.1
8.5
395
570
2,700
560
8.4
1.2
40
360
Treated
Effluent
75
12
7.5
0.5
28
<6.0
31
9.0
0.4
0.7
4.0
50
Percent
Removal
94
77
84
94
93
>98
99
98
95
42
90
86
approximately 39,000 gpd. Chromium is added as part of
cooling water treatment program. Raw wastewater does not include
contract hauled pressroom effluent.
5C-43
-------
TABLE VI-6
REDUCTION OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS IN
LIMESTONE FILTER AT PLANT 66531.2
Parameter
PH3
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Silver
Zinc
Mercury
Influent
(ug/1)
8.4
70.5
281
180
22.4
51.3
553
11
Effluent
(ug/1)
9.1
1.25
11
39
0.6
29.8
—
2.1
Percent
Removal
98
96
78
97
42
81
1 Wastewater flow is estimated to be 11,500 gpd.
2 No toxic organic pollutants were detected in either of the
screening samples collected.
3 pH readings from grab samples collected October 13, 1977.
—: Not analyzed.
5C-44
-------
TABLE VI-7
REDUCTION OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS
IN LIMESTONE FILTER AT PLANT 90121*2
Parameter
PH3
Cadmium
Cyanide
Zinc
Mercury
Influent
(ug/1)
8.8
319
560
35.4
3.3
Effluent
(ug/1)
9.3
8.52
120
40
1,7
Percent
Removal
97
79
48
No flow data available.
No toxic organic pollutants were detected in either of the
screening samples collected.
pH reading from grab samples collected October 13, 1977.
5C-45
-------
TABLE VI-8
REDUCTION OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS IN
METALS TREATMENT SYSTEM AT PLANT 5430
Parameter
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Phenol
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Blended Raw
Wastewater
Cus/1)
9,800
500
200
800
89
50
13,755
20,950
4,200
220,000
Reactor
Effluent
(ug/1)
<10
500
<10
<10
<10
13
3,413
692
36
685
Percent
Removal
>99
0
>95
>99
>89
74
75
97
99
>99
A maxiuum of four 3,500 gallon batches are treated per day.
5C-46
-------
MODULE #5D
Variances to Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Describe the role of variances in NPDES permits
+ Describe the types of relief granted by variances
* List the types of variances for technology-based effluent limits in NPDES permits
* Explain how variance requests are initiated and who initiates them
* Explain the process to grant or deny variance requests
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301(c)
CWA Section 301 (g)
CWA Section 301 (h)
CWA Section 301(n)
CWA Section 316(a)
40 CFR §122.45(g)
40 CFR Part 125, Subpart D
40 CFR Part 125, Subpart E
40 CFR Part 125, Subpart F
40 CFR Part 125, Subpart G
40 CFR Part 125, Subpart H
Economic Variance
Water Quality Variance
Secondary Treatment Variance
Fundamentally Different Factor Variance
Thermal Variance
Pollutants in intake water
Criteria and Standards for Determining
Fundamentally Different Factors
Criteria for Granting Economic Variances from Best
Available Technology Economically Achievable
(Reserved)
Criteria for Granting Water Quality Related Variances
(Reserved)
Criteria for Modifying the Secondary Treatment
Requirements
Criteria for Determining Alternative Effluent
Limitations Under Section 316(b)
-------
-------
Module 5D
Variances to Technology-Based Permit Effluent Limits
Variances to Technology-
Based Permit Effluent Limits
xvEPA
Learning Objectives
• Explain role of variances in NPDES
permits
• Describe types of variances
• Discuss relief granted by variances
• Describe variance initiation and
review processes
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5D-1
-------
Module 5D
Variances to Technology-Based Permit Effluent Limits
Role of Variances in NPDES Permits
• Allows limited relief:
- effluent limits
- compliance deadlines
• Address exceptional circumstances
• Provides relief of NPDES program for
"unusual" circumstances
• Only granted on rare occasions
• Some may be granted by States, others
require EPA approval
Types of Variances
CWA
301 («)
301 (g)
301 (h)
301 (n)
316 (a)
~
Type
Economic AcMevabiltty
Water Quality
Secondary Treatment
Waiver-Ocean Discharge
(POTW)
Fundamentally Different
Factor* (FDF)
Thermal Discharges
Intake - Discharge Net
Basis
(NetfGross)
40CFR
Part 12S, Subpart E
(Reserved)
Part 125, Subpart F
(Reserved)
Part 125. Subpart G
Part 125. Subpart D
Part 125, Subpart H
§12Z« (g)
Approval Authority
EPA-HQ
EPA - Region
EPA-HQ
EPA - Regions
NPDES -State*
NPDES State*
• EPA Region in
of approved stale NPDES program
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5D-2
-------
Module 5D
Variances to Technology-Based Permit Effluent Limits
Initiation of Variance Requests
• Variance applications submitted by
the discharger, must be submitted
before the close of the public
comment period of the permit
• PDF variance requests must be
requested by the discharger within
180 days of the guideline
promulgation
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
5D-3
-------
5D-4
-------
MODULE 5 - SUGGESTED REFERENCE MATERIALS
Workbook for Determining Economic Achievability for National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System Permits. PHB, August 1982.
TreatabiJitv Manual. Volumes I-V (EPA-600/8-8Q-Q42a-e^ . EPA, Office of Research and
Development, July 1980.
NPDES Industrial Permits Abstracts 1993 (EPA 833-B-93-Q05). EPA, Office of Water,
October 1993.
Guidance for NPDES Permits and Compliance Personnel - Secondary Treatment
Redefinition . EPA, Permits Division, December 1985 (Draft)
5D-5
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-------
MODULE # 6
Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
OVERALL OBJECTIVES
«• Introduce the standards to permit process
* Provide overview and purpose of water quality standards
* Discuss the components of a water quality standard
• Designated uses
• Anti-degradation
• Water quality criteria
* Explain difference between numeric and narrative criteria and standards
» Explain EPA water quality criteria development process
* Define whole effluent toxicity and describe its role in the standards process
«• Discuss new initiatives in criteria development
• Biological
• Sediment
• Wildlife
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 60 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301 Effluent Limitations
CWA Section 303 Water Quality Standards and Implementation Plans
CWA Section 304(a)(8) Information on Water Quality Criteria
40 CFR §130.3
40 CFR Part 131
Water quality standards
Water Quality Standards
-------
-------
Module 6 Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Overview of Water Quality
Standards and Limitations
Learning Objectives
• Provide brief overview of water quality
standards
• Discuss the relationship between water
quality- and technology-based permitting
• Identify the objectives and components of
water quality standards
• Describe the types of water quality criteria
• Explain the relationship between criteria and
standards
v»EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-1
-------
Module 6
Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Clean Water Act Requirements
• Section 101(a)(2)
- Establishes "fishable and swimmable" goal
• Section 303(c)
- Establishes framework for water quality standards
program
- Requires States to establish water quality standards
• Section 304(a)
- Requires EPA to develop and publish water
quality criteria
• Section 301(b)(1)(C)
- Requires compliance with limits necessary to meet
water quality standards
Developing Effluent Limitations
Develop Technology-Based
Effluent Limits for All
Pollutants of Concern
Will Limits
Assure Compliance with
Applicable Water Quality
Standards?
Develop Water
Quality-Based
Effluent Limits
Include Applicable Effluent
Limits in NPDES Permit
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-2
-------
Module 6 Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Water Quality Standards - 40 CFR Part 131
40CFR§131.2
• A water quality standard defines the
water quality goals of a waterbody,
or portion thereof, by designating
the use or uses to be made of the
water and by setting criteria
necessary to protect the uses.
xvEPA
Establishing Water Quality Standards
• States and Tribes are responsible for
adopting water quality standards for all
"waters of the U.S."
- Water bodies
- Segments of water bodies
• Standards are reviewed every 3 years (40
CFR §131.20)
• EPA has oversight authority
- Review and approval (40 CFR §121.5,131.6,
131.21)
- Federal promulgation (40 CFR §131.22) _ __,__
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-3
-------
Module 6
Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Components of Water Quality Standards
Designated uses (40 CFR §131.10)
Water quality criteria (40 CFR§131.H)
Antidegradation policy (40 CFR §131.12)
Designated Uses - 40 CFR §131.10
• Requires that each State specify
appropriate uses to be achieved and
protected
• Common use categories
- Public water supply
- Fish and wildlife propagation
- Recreation
• Primary
• Secondary
- Agricultural
- Industrial
- Navigation
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-4
-------
Module 6 Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Designated Uses (Continued)
• Question: What if the designated
use is not being attained? Can it be
removed from the water quality
standards?
• Answer: Depends on the type of use
and the basis for the change
vvEPA
Existing Uses
Existing Uses ...
• are uses actually attained in the
water body on or after November 28,
1975
• must be reflected in the water
quality standards
• cannot be removed
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-5
-------
Module 6
Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Removing a Designated Use
40 CFR § 131.10(g)
Designated Uses may be removed if...
• they are not existing uses
• attaining the use is not feasible, as
demonstrated by a Use Attainability
Analysis (UAA)
Water Quality Criteria - 40 CFR §131.11
• Numeric criteria
- Concentrations of chemicals
- Aquatic Life
- Human health
• Narrative criteria
- Statements that describe the desired water
quality goal
- "Free from..."
• Toxics in toxic amounts
• Objectionable color, odor, taste, and turbidity
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-6
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Module 6 Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Types of Numeric Criteria
Aquatic Life Criteria
- Designed to protect aquatic organisms,
including plants and animals
- Two types
• Acute
• Chronic
- Considers the magnitude, duration, and
frequency of exposure to specific
pollutants
vxEPA
Types of Numeric Criteria (Continued)
Human Health Criteria
- Single expression of the highest
pollutant concentration not expected
to pose significant long-term risk to
human health
- Based on chronic exposure via
consumption of water and/or aquatic life
• Accounts for bioconcentration or
bioaccumulation
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-7
-------
Module 6
Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
EPA Water Quality Criteria
EPA responsible for establishing
guidance and procedures
- Establish and publish scientifically
derived ambient criteria [CWA Section
304(a)]
• 1968 Green • 1980 Toxics
• 1973 Blue • 1986 Gold
• 1976 Red • www.epa.gov/OST
- Establish procedures for deriving
criteria
Antidegradation Policy - 40 CFR §131.12
• Ensures that once a use is achieved
it will be maintained
• Each State is required to adopt an
antidegradation policy and method
of implementation
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-8
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Module 6 Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Antidegradation Policy (Continued)
Three tiers
I. Level of quality necessary to protect
existing uses
II. Protection of actual water quality where
water quality exceeds levels necessary to
protect fish and wildlife propagation and
recreation on and in the water
III. Special protection of waters designated
as Outstanding National Resource Waters
(ONRW)
&EPA
Outstanding National
Resources Water (ONRW)
Outstanding National Resources Water
(ONRW)
- National and State parks
- Wildlife refuge
- Ecologically unique water that need
additional protection or are of special
significance (i.e., swamps, hotsprings, etc.)
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-9
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Module 6
Overview of Water Quality Standards and Limitations
Tiers of Antidegradation Policy
ONRW
Better than
Fishable /
Swimmable
Existing
Use
TIER III
TIER I11/2 ??
TIER II
40 CFR 131.12(a)(2)
TIER I
AFPA
Implementation of Water Quality Standards
• States must assess compliance with
water quality standards for all water
bodies
• If water quality standards are not
being achieved, controls must be
developed to achieve water quality
standards
- Point sources
- Non-point sources
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6-10
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MODULE # 6A
Standards to Permits Process
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Introduce permitting concepts from the Technical Support Document for Water Quality-
Based Toxics Control (USEPA, 1991)
* Introduce total maximum daily loads (TMDL)
* Explain concept of wasteload allocations (WLA)
*• Introduce statistical approach for permit limit development
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301 Effluent Limitations
CWA Section 303 Water Quality Standards and Implementation Plans
CWA Section 304(a)(8) Information on Water Quality Criteria
40 CFR §122.44(d) Water quality standards and State requirements
40 CFR §130.3 Water quality standards
40 CFR Part 131 Water Quality Standards
-------
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Module 6A Standards to Permits Process
Standards to Permits Process
Learning Objectives
Introduce Total Maximum Daily
Loads (TMDL)
Explain concept of Wasteload
Allocation (WLA)
Summarize statistical approach to
developing water quality-based
effluent limitations
6EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-1
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Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Standards-to-Permits Process
Develop Technoiogy-
Ba*ed Unite for All
Mace Techndooy-
mtelnNPDES
Pwiirito of collect
more data
Continued
Standards-to-Permits Process
(Continued)
CateutBta WCMteMd
UjAA4^tdfeJuJ
VnSTBlOAQ
Allocation
pfocMlura to develop
Long Twm Average
(ITA)
Uw stittrtioi pfoosdunt to
develop Maximum D*«y LknK
(MDL) and Average Monthly
Lhntt(AML)
Ptace Water
inpwmtt
Piece Technotegy-
Bawd limits
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-2
-------
Module 6A Standards to Permits Process
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
• CWA Section 303(d)(1)
- Requires States to identify waters that
will not achieve water quality
standards after implementation of
technology-based limits
- States rank identified waters based on
severity of pollution and uses
- Requires TMDL for priority waters
SEPA
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL)
(Continued)
• Used as a tool for implementing
water quality standards
• Defined as the amount of a pollutant
that may be discharged into a
waterbody and still meet water
quality standard
v-xEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-3
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Components of TMDL
• Wasteload allocations {WLAs)
are assigned to each point
source discharge
• Load allocations (LAs) are
assigned to nonpoint sources
• WLAs and LAs are
established so that predicted
receiving water
concentrations do not exceed
water quality criteria
Use of Water Quality-Based Effluent
Limitations
Water quality-based limitations are
used when it has been determined
that more stringent limits than
technology-based effluent limits
must be applied to a discharge in
order to protect "designated use" of
the receiving waters.
(40CFR§122.44(d)(1))
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-4
-------
Module 6A Standards to Permits Process
Reasonable Potential
40 CFR §122.44(d)(l)(i)
• Limitations must be established in
permits to control all pollutants or
pollutant parameters that are or may
be discharged at a level which will
cause, have reasonable potential to
cause, or contribute to an excursion
above any state water quality
standard.
Reasonable Potential Decision Criteria
• Cause
• Reasonable Potential to Cause
• Contribute
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-5
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Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Reasonable Potential Analysis
Without Effluent Data
Effluent Variability
- Compliance history
- History of toxic impacts
Point/nonpoint source controls
- Existing treatment technology
- Type of industry or POTW
- Best Management Practices (BMPs)
EPA
Reasonable Potential Analysis Without
Effluent Data (Continued)
Species Sensitivity
- In-stream data
- Adopted water quality criteria and
designated uses
Dilution
- Critical receiving water flow
- Mixing zones
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-6
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Reasonable Potential Analysis With
Effluent Monitoring Data
Must consider uncertainty
associated with sparse data sets
and effluent variability
Reasonable Potential Analysis with
Effluent Data
Lognormal Distribution
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Long T
Average
(LTA)
Concentration
Projected Maximum
Expected Value
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-7
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Reasonable Potential Analysis
Projected Maximum
Effluent
Concentration
Water Quality
Model
Projected Receiving
Water
Concentration (Cr)
Determining the Need
• If Cr > State WQ criterion, then need to
establish a WQ-based limit.
• If Cr < State WQ criterion, then no need
to establish a WQ-based limit.
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-8
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Determining the Need for Water
Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Criteria
Chemical-specific
WET numeric
Narrative
Type of Limit
Chemical specific
WET
WET or
Chemical specific
Regulatory Cite
40CFR
40CFR
§122.44(d)(l)(iv)
40CFR
§122.44(d)(l)(v-vi)
&EPA
TMDL-Based Wasteload Allocation
WLA = portion of the
receiving water's total
maximum daily load
(TMDL) that is allocated to
a specific point source
SEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-9
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Facility-Specific Wasteload Allocation
WLA = the maximum allowable pollutant
concentration in the effluent from ABC, inc.
which, after accounting for available
dilution, will meet water quality standards
in-stream
Developing Wasteload Allocations
Models can help determine pollutant
loadings that will not violate water
quality criteria.
Environmental
Conditions
Pollutant
Load
I
MODEL
Receiving
Water Quality
SERA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-10
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Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
Maximum Daily and Average Monthly Limits
• 40 CFR §122.45(d) requires all permit
limits (unless impracticable) be
expressed as:
- Average weekly and average monthly limits
for POTWs (EPA recommends a maximum
daily limit rather than an average weekly limit
for water quality-based permitting)
- Maximum daily and average monthly limits
for other dischargers
• How do we use the wasteload allocation
to develop water quality-based effluent
limits?
v>EPA
Goal is to Reduce Effluent Concentrations
to Below the WLA
WLA
Concentration
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6 A-11
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
This Distribution Achieves the Goal
WLA
Concentration
We Can Characterize the Desired
Distribution by LTA and CV
LTA
Concentration
WLA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-12
-------
Module 6A
Standards to Permits Process
We Can Determine the Effluent Limits
Based Upon the Distribution
LTA AML MDL
Concentration
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6A-13
-------
6 A-14
-------
MODULE #6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
«• Provide an overview of modeling methods and considerations
* Define mixing zones
» Describe the general considerations for implementing water quality standards
* Describe types and uses of water quality models
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 60 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 303(d) Identification of water quality-limited water bodies
CWA Section 303 (e) (3) (A) Requirement for water quality-based effluent limits
CWA Section 304(1) Individual Control Strategies for Toxic Pollutants
40 CFR §130.7
Total maximum daily loads (TMDL) and individual water
quality-based effluent limitations
-------
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Introduction to Water
Quality Modeling
SEPA
Learning Objectives
• Introduce modeling principles
• Explain concept of "mixing zone"
• Define steady state and dynamic
models
^EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-1
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Why Use Models?
• Models can help determine pollutant loadings
that will not violate water quality criteria
Environmental
Conditions
*
Pollutant w M . . | Receiving
Load * Moael * Water Quality
i I n
t °
rtadiirn I nid N°» Compliance
nuduLO Load wjth Criterja?
{>Yes
&EPA
«-3
Decision Tree for Model Selection
Do water quality standards allow consideration of dilution?
No / \ Yes
^ \
No model necessary Determine level of
dilution allowed by
water quality standards
* SB*V
<&4
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-2
-------
Module 68
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Allowable Dilution
• Clean Water Act does not require
attaining water quality criteria at the point
of discharge
• States have discretion to allow dilution
• States should specify any conditions on
dilution allowances as part of their water
quality standards
Allowable Dilution
Water Quality Standards often allow
dilution ...
• up to 100% of critical flow(e.g., 7Q10
low flow) if there is rapid and
complete mixing
• within a limited mixing zone at the
critical flow if there is incomplete
mixing
EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-3
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Decision Tree for Model Selection
(Continued)
Is there rapid and complete mixing?
\
No
Complete mix assessment Incomplete mix assessment
Are resources available
for dynamic modeling and is
a dynamic model desirable?
No / ^ Yes
Steady state Dynamic model
model
\
Are resources available
for dynamic modeling and is
a dynamic model desirable?
No / ^ Yes
Steady state Dynamic model
model
What is Rapid and Complete Mixing?
• Rapid and complete mixing occurs when
lateral variation in concentration in the
direct vicinity of the outfall is small
(e.g., less than 5%)
• Potential occurrences include:
- Effluent dominated systems (effluent flow
greater than stream flow)
- Diffuser located across entire stream width
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-4
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Rapid and Complete Mixing
< 5% variation in concentration
Incomplete Mixing
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-5
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Examples of Allowable Dilution in Rapid
and Complete Mix Situations
• 100%of1Q1 Glow flow
• 50% of 7Q10 low flow
• 25% of 7Q2 low flow or 1 cfs,
whichever is greater
Incomplete Mix Assessment
• Field Studies
- Actual measurement of instream
contaminant concentrations
- Dye studies
• Modeling
- Calibrated to actual observations
- Simulate critical conditions
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-6
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Regulatory Mixing Zones
• Definition
- A limited area or volume of water
where initial dilution of a discharge
takes place and where water quality
criteria can be exceeded
• Constraints
- Cannot impair integrity of the
waterbody
- No significant health risks
- No lethality to passing organisms A r-DA
Regulatory Mixing Zones (Continued)
Chronic
Criteria Met
Outfall
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-7
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Examples of Regulatory Mixing Zones
• < 1/4 of stream width and 1/4 mile
downstream
• <1/2 stream width and longitudinal limit
of 5 X stream width
• Default dilution of no more than 10% of
critical flow
• No more than 5% of the lake surface
• Default of no more than 4:1 dilution for
lake discharges
Steady State M odel
Predicts the magnitude of pollutant
concentration for a single set of
environmental conditions
Used when complete data are not
available
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-8
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Steady State Model (Continued)
• Assume "critical conditions" for
flow, pollutant concentrations and
environmental effects
• Choose conditions that reflect the
duration and frequency concerns for
the applicable criteria
xvEPA
Steady State Model (Continued)
Example Critical Condition:
Dilution Flow
Acute Toxicity:
Chronic Toxicity:
Human Health:
1Q10 low flow
7Q10 low flow
Harmonic mean flow,
30Q5 low flow
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-9
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Steady State Complete Mix Assessment
Upstream
, Cs)
Downstream
(Qr, Cr)
Mass-Balance Equation: QdCd + QsCs = QrCr
• Q = Flow (mgd or cfs)
• C = Pollutant concentration (mgJI)
• Mass = [Concentration] [Flow]
Mass-Balance Equation
QdCd + QsCs = QrCr
Upstream
{Qs, Cs)
Discharge
JQd, Cd)
Downstream
{Qr, Cr)
Cr _ QdCd + QsCs
Qr
Cr = applicable water quality criterion
Qs = receiving water flow available for dilution
as specified in water quality standards
{e.g., 100% of 7Q10 low flow for rapid and complete
mixing) &FPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-10
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Mass-Balance Equation
QdCd + QsCs = QrCr
Upstream
, Cs)
Discharge
fQd.Cd)
Downstream
(Qr, Cr)
- QrCr - QsCs
Qd
Cr = applicable water quality criterion
Qs = receiving water flow available for dilution
as specified in water quality standards
(e.g., 100% of 7Q10 low flow for rapid and complete
mixing) j»EPA
Steady-State
Incomplete Mix Assessment
What if the applicable water quality criterion = 4.0 u.g/7?
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-11
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Steady-State
Incomplete Mix Assessment
What if the applicable water quality criterion = 4.0 \ig/l?
_ Natural Mixing
IT WQS Regulator/ Mixing Zone
Steady-State
Incomplete Mix Assessment
What if the applicable water quality criterion = 4.0 \ig/l?
~_ Natural Mixing
II WQS Regulatory Mixing Zone
SrEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-12
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Dynamic Model
Used when adequate data are
available to estimate frequency
distribution of effluent quality
Accounts for daily variations of and
relationships between effluent,
receiving water, and environmental
conditions
Dynamic Model (Continued)
• Variability in model inputs
• Results are expressed as a
probability of exceeding criteria
instead of a single value
- Continuous simulation
- Monte Carlo simulation
- Log-normal analysis
EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-13
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Considerations in Water Quality Modeling
• Applicable water quality standards
and implementation procedures
- Criteria and designated uses
- Critical receiving water flows or
volumes
- Allowable dilution
• Discharge characteristics
- Flow rate
- Pollutant concentrations
Considerations in Water Quality Modeling
(Continued)
+ Receiving water characteristics
- Pollutant concentrations (i.e., background)
- Stream flow
* Pollutant characteristics
- Type of pollutant
• Non-conservative: mitigated by natural stream dilution and
degradation in the receiving stream (e.g., ammonia,
bacteria)
• Conservative: mitigated by natural stream dilution
(e.g., heavy metals)
- Reaction rates
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-14
-------
Module 6B
Introduction to Water Quality Modeling
Why Use Models?
Pollutant
Load
t
Environmental
Conditions
Model
Reduce Load
No
Receiving
Water Quality
Compliance
with Criteria?
Oves
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6B-15
-------
-------
MODULE # 6C
Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
OBJECTIVES:
*• Define requirements for determining reasonable potential
* Explain the types of calculations required for developing water quality-based effluent
limits
* Identify data requirements and considerations when developing limits for specific
compounds
4- Explain Technical Support Document statistical approach to permit Emit development
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture, practical exercise
Approximate Presentation Time: 90 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 2 exercises/ 20 minutes each
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301 (b) (1) (C) Effluent Limitations Compliance Dates
40 CFR §122.44(d) Water quality standards and State requirements
-------
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Developing Chemical-Specific Water
Quality-Based Effluent Limits
&EPA
Learning Objectives
Review process for determining
"reasonable potential"
Discuss procedures for calculating
wasteload allocations
Explain steps for translating a
wasteload allocation into water
quality-based effluent limits
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-1
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Standards-to-Permits Process
Develop Technology-
Based Units lor Ail
Pollutants of
Concern (POC)
Place Technology
Bated Limit* In NPDES
Permits or collect
MOM datA
1 Continued
v>EPA
Standards-to-Permits Process
(Continued)
Calculate WQ-Based
Wwtaioad
AHocatton
Us* statistical
procedure to develop
Long Twm Average
(ITA)
idurato
Uscctaflstic
ctewlopltaxi
(MOL) and Awrag* Mc
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Determining the Need for Water
Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Criteria
Chemical-specific
WET numeric
Narrative
Type of Limit
Chemical-specific
WET
WET or
Chemical specific
Regulatory Cite
40CFR
40CFR
§122.44(d)(1)(iv)
40CFR
§122.44(d)(1)(v-vi)
xvEPA
Mass-Balance Equation
QdCd + QsCs = QrCr
* Q = Flow (mgd or cfs)
• C = Pollutant concentration (mg/l)
• Mass = [Concentration] [Flow]
• QdCd + QsCs = QrCr
• To determine pollutant concentration in the stream:
Cr - QdCd + QsCs
Qr
Note: Qr = Qs + Qd
EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-3
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Is There Reasonable Potential to Exceed
Water Quality Standards?
JL_
ABC, Inc.
Qs = Upstream river flow (1Q10) = 1.2cfs
Qd = Discharge flow = 0.31 cfs
Cs = Upstream river concentration = 0.8 mg/l
Cd - Discharge concentration = 1.5 mg/l
Water Quality Standard (acute criterion) =1.0 mg/l
Cr = QdCd + Qs Cs - fO.31U1.5l +M.2U0.81
Qr 1.2+0.31
Cr = 0.94 mg/l
Projecting a Maximum Value for Cd
• We must consider
- Effluent variability - defined by the
coefficient of variation (CV)
- Uncertainty due to a limited number of data
points
- Desired upper-bound of the expected
lognormal distribution
§
B _
nj 3
2?
Cd (Maximum)
Projected
Concentration
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-4
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Statistical Approach
Selected Percentile
- What is the upper bound value of the discharge
pollutant concentration that we want to
determine?
. 99th percentile?
. 95th percentile?
• Other?
a u
3= «
IB 3
« S1
Cd (Maximum)
Projected
Concentration
Statistical Approach
Confidence Level
- What confidence level do we want for our
upper bound value?
• 99% confidence?
• 95% confidence?
• Other?
- At the 99% confidence level:
• the largest value of 5 samples is greater than
the 40th percentile
• the largest value of 330 samples is greater than
the 99th percentile
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-5
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Projecting a Maximum Value for Cd
How do you determine Cd with a
99% confidence level at the 99%
upper bound?
- Options:
1) Take the maximum value of 330 or more
samples
2) Project a maximum value from existing
data using a multiplier
Reasonable Potential Multiplying Factors
(99% Confidence Level and 99% Probability Basis)
Sample
Number
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.2
2.5
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
0.4
6.0
4.0
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2-2
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
0.6
13.2
7.4
5.6
4.7
4.2
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2-4
2.4
2.3
Coefficient of Variatior
0.8
26.5
12.7
8.9
12
IS
5.5
5.0
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3-2
3.1
3.0
3-0
2.9
1.0
48.3
20.2
13.4
10.3
8.6
7.5
6.7
6.1
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
1.2
81.4
30.3
19.0
14.2
11.5
9.8
8.7
7.s
7.1
6.6
6.2
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.2
1.4
•128.0
.13.0
!5.7
18.6
14.8
12.4
10.8
9.6
8.7
6.0
7.4
7.0
6.5
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.8
1.6
190.3
58.4
33.5
23.6
18.4
15.3
13.1
11.6
10.4
9.5
8.8
8.1
7.6
7.2
6.8
6.5
6.2
5.9
3.7
5.5
1.8
269.9
76.6
42.3
29.1
22.4
18.3
15.6
13.6
12.2
11.0
10.1
9.4
8.7
8.2
7.7
7.3
7.0
6.7
6.4
6.1
2.0
368.3
97.5
52.0
35.1
26.5
21.5
18.2
15.8
14,0
12.6
11.5
10.6
9.9
9-2
8.7
8.2
7.8
7.4
7.1 ^^^^
" &EPA.
6C-13
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-6
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Projecting a Maximum Value for Cd
Re-examine data for ABC, Inc.
- Number of samples (n)
- CV
= 8
= 0.6 (default value if
n<10
- Maximum Observed Value
of Effluent Concentration (Cd) =1.5 mg/l
- Projected Maximum Value of Cd =1.5 mg/l x multiplier
= 1.5 mg/l x 3.3
= 5.0 mg/l
vvEPA
Is There Reasonable Potential to
Exceed Water Quality Standards?
Qs
Qd
Cs
Cd
Cr
Upstream river flow 1Q10 =
Discharge flow =
Upstream river concentration =
Maximum observed discharge concentration =
Water Quality Standard (Acute Criterion) =
QdCd + QsCs
Qr
1.2cfs
0.31 cfs
0.8 mg/l
1.5 mg/l
1.0 mg/l
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-7
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Is There Reasonable Potential to Exceed Water
Quality Standards? (Continued)
• Projected maximum Cd = 1.5 mg/l x 3.3
~ 5.0 mg/l
* Cr = (0.31U5.0) + M .21(0.8)
1.2 + 0.31
= 1.7 mg/l
1.7 mg/l > 1.0 mg/l (WQS - Acute criterion)
What is the maximum allowable pollutant concentration
in the ABC, Inc. effluent assuming complete mixing?
JL
I Illl : ABC> lnc-
Qs = Upstream river flow
Qd = Discharge flow
Cs = Upstream river cone.
Cr = Water Quality Criterion
Acute
Chronic
Cd = CrfQd + Qs) - CsQs
Qd
1Q10
7Q10
1.2cfs
3.6 cfs
0.31 cfs
0.8 mg/l
1.0 mg/l (applied at 1Q10)
0.9 mg/l (applied at 7Q10)
Cd(acute)
Cd(chronic)
1.8 mg/l
2.1 mg/l
FPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-8
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Steps in Developing Chemical-Specific
Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Acute and Chronic Wasteload Allocations (WLAs)
Step 1: Calculate Long-Term Average (LTA) for Both WLAs
Step 2: Select Lowest LTA
T
Step 3: Calculate Maximum Daily Limit (MDL) and
Average Monthly Limit (AML)
We All Want to Use the Same Fruit
= WLA,
= LTA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-9
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Stepl: Calculate LTAs
Wasteload allocation (WLA) is
"never to be exceeded"
Assume a log normal effluent
distribution
Characterize "never to be exceeded"
by a probability (e.g., WLA is the
99th percentile concentration on the
log normal effluent distribution)
Goal is to Reduce Effluent Concentrations
to Below the
o
0)
3
I
JS
0)
Desired
J- Existing
i' .
WLA
Concentration
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-10
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
This Distribution Achieves the Goal
u
$
•-C
.2
0>
WLA
Concentration
v>EPA
We Can Characterize the Desired
Distribution by LTA and CV
LTA WLA
Concentration
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-11
.
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
cv
0.1
02
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
12
0
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA multipliers
e [0.5^.10]
95th
percentile
0.853
0.736
0.644
0.571
0.514
0.468
0.432
0.403
0.379
0.360
0.344
0.330
0.319
0.310
0.302
0296
0290
0285
0281
0277
99th
percentile
0.797
0.643
0.527
0.440
0.373
0.321
0281
0249
0224
0.204
0.187
0.174
0.162
0.153
0.144
0.137
0.131
0.126
0.121
0.117
Acute
LTA.,(C = WLA,,.. e10 5 "* •
where: a s
z - 1.J545 for 95th percentile
occurrence probability, and
z - 2.326 for 99th percentile
occurrence probability
CV
0.1
02
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
12
1.3
1.4
1.S
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA multipliers
e[°-s%2-"4]
9Sttl
pwcentil*
0.922
0.853
0.791
0.736
0.687
0.644
0.606
0.571
0.541
0.514
0.490
0.468
0.449
0.432
0.417
0.403
0.390
0.379
0.369
0.360
99th
percentile
0.891
0.797
0.715
0.643
0.581
0.527
0.481
0.440
0.404
0.373
0.345
0.321
0.300
0281
0264
0249
0236
0224
0214
0204
Chronic
(4-day average)
where: a/ = /n[CV2/4-H]
z - 1.645 for 95th percentile
occurrence probability, and
z = 2.326 for 99th percentile
occurrence probability
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-12
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Step 2: Select Lowest LTA
• Protects both WLAs (acute and chronic)
• Sets one basis for facility performance
Because There Are Two LTAs, We Need
to Use the More Stringent
G)
3
0)
i
Q)
J5
o
LTAa LTAc
Concentration
WLAa WLAc
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-13
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Step 3: Calculate MDL and AML
• Allows comparison to technology-
based limits
• Uses upper-bound estimates for
both MDL and AML
• Ties AML to planned frequency of
monitoring
We Can Characterize the Upper Bounds of
the Effluent from the LTA and CV
LTA AML MDL
Concentration
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-14
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Maximum Daily Limit (MDL)
MDL=LTA.e|2°-°-SJ«
• 55
rt-2
1.1»
1.37
1.59
1.63
2.0>
137
2.«C
2.M
3Jt
3.S9
3.91
4.23
455
4.M
5.17
5.47
S.77
6.0C
S.J4
«.61
n-4
t.«
us
1.40
1.55
1.72
1.90
2.06
221
2.4*
2.68
1.90
3.11
3.34
3.5>
3.76
4.01
4J3
4.44
4.«a
4.90
nio
1.0»
1.16
1J4
1.33
\ja
1.52
163
1.71
1.84
1.9«
2.07
2.19
2.32
2.45
2.56
2.71
2.M
2.98
3.12
3JS
n-30
1.04
1.01
1.13
1.19
1J3
1J«
1.33
1.J9
1.44
1.50
1.56
1.65
1.U
1.74
1-»0
1J7
1.93
2.00
2.07
2.14
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-15
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Example
Recall that we calculated the following WLAs:
Cd(acute) = 1.8 ring/I
Cd(chronic) = 2.1 rng/l
Step 1: Calculate LTAs
cv
0.1
02
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
12
1.3
1.4
1.S
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA multipliers
eic.s »*.*,]
9St*l
percentite
0.853
0.736
0.644
0.571
0.514
0.468
0.432
0.403
0.379
0.360
0.344
0.330
0.319
0.310
0.302
0296
0290
0285
0281
0277
99th
p«rc«ntll«
0.797
0.643
0.527
0.440
0.373
0.321
0281
0249
0224
0204
0.187
0.174
0.162
0.153
0.144
0.137
0.131
0.126
0.121
0.117
Acute
cv
WLA(acute)
= 0.6
LTA(acute) =
1.8 mg/l
99th percentile value
1.8 mg/l x 0.321
0.58 mg/l
v-xEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-16
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Stepl: Calculate LTAs
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.S
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA multipliers
e ' °4 4
95th
p«rc*ntile
0.922
0.853
0.791
0.736
0.687
0.644
0.606
0.571
0.541
0.514
0.490
0.468
0.449
0.432
0.417
0.403
0.390
0.379
0.369
0.360
99lh
percenSle
0.891
0.797
0.715
0.643
0.581
0.527
0.481
0.440
0.404
0.373
0.345
0.321
0.300
0.281
0.264
0.249
0.236
0.224
0.214
0.204
CV
WLA(chronic)
Chronic
e 0.6
LTA(chronic) =
2.1 mg/l
99th percentile value
2.1 mg/l x 0.527
1.1 mg/l
&EPA
Step 2: Select Lowest LTA
LTA(acute) = 0.58 mg/l
LTA(chronic) = 1.1 mg/l
Select LTA(acute) = 0.58 mg/l
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-17
-------
Module 6C Developing Chemical-Specific Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Step 3: Calculate MDL and AML
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
12
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
LTA multipliers
e (vt -0.5 02 J
95th
percmtH*
1.17
1.36
1.55
1.75
1.95
2.13
2.31
2.41
2.64
2.78
2.91
3.03
3.13
3.23
3.31
3.38
3.45
3.51
3.56
99th
ptrccntite
1.25
1.55
1.90
211
2.68
3.11
3.56
4.01
4.46
4.90
5.34
5.76
6.17
6.56
6.93
7.29
7.63
7.95
8.26
MDL
CV » 0.6
MDL = 99th percentile value
MDL = O.S8 mg/l x 3.11
= 1.8 mg/l
2.0 3.60 8.SS
SEPA
Step 3: Calculate MDL and AML
(Continued)
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
OJ
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.1
13
1.3
1,4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.0
LTA multipliers
g n n
95th percentile
nl
1.17
1.M
1.55
1.75
1JM
M3
2.31
2.41
2.M
2.7*
2.»1
3.03
1.11
U3
1.11
3.36
3.45
3.51
3J»
3.90
l»2
1.12
US
1.1*
1.52
1.66
U»
1»4
2.07
2.29
2.11
2.45
US
2.87
2.77
2.W
2.*!
3.03
1.10
3.17
121
n-4
1.09
1.17
1.2*
1J9
1.45
1.55
1.*5
1.7S
1.95
1.95
2.04
2.13
2-23
2.31
2.40
2.46
2J«
2.64
2.71
2.7*
n-9
1.0*
1.12
1.19
1.25
1.31
1J»
1.45
1.52
1.58
1.9*
1.71
1.90
1.87
1.94
2.00
2.07
2.14
2.20
2.27
2.31
0=30
1.03
1.09
1.0*
1.12
1.19
1.19
1.22
U*
1J»
1J3
t.18
1.39
1j43
1.47
1.50
1.54
IS!
1.91
1.64
1.6*
99th percentile
n-1
US
•U6
1.90
2.27
2.**
3.11
3.56
4.01
4.46
4.K
5.J4
5.76
6.17
9.59
9.93
7J»
7.93
7.95
aj8
8.55
n-2
1.1*
1J7
1S»
1.*3
2.D*
2J7
2.89
2M
lit
JJS
1.91
4J3
4.55
4.M
5.17
5.47
5.77
*.M
8.34
8.61
n«4
1.12
U5
140
1.55
1.72
1.90
2.09
2J7
2.49
2.99
1M
1.11
1.14
1.58
1.79
4.01
123
4.49
4.**
4.90
n»10
1.06
1.19
1.24
1.33
1.42
142
1.92
1.73
1.94
1.98
2.07
2.1*
2.12
2.45
2.5*
2.71
2.94
2^*
3.12
3J!S
n*30
1.04
1.0*
1.13
1.1*
1.21
1.29
1.33
1.39
1.44
1.50
1.5*
1.92
1.9*
1.74
1.60
1.97
1.91
2.00
2.07
2.14
Number of
Samples
CV
AML
AML
AML
= 8 (assume twice-
weekly sampling)
= 0.6
= 95th percentile value
= 0.58 mg/l x 1.38
= 0.80 mg/l
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6C-18
-------
MODULE #6C-1
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Determining the Need for Chemical-Specific,
Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations
DIRECTIONS:
You are a permit writer and have received a permit renewal application from a
manufacturer. The previous permit was issued using effluent limits derived from
technology-based effluent limitation guidelines. Since that time, the State has revised
its water quality standards to ensure aquatic life protection. Therefore, you must
determine whether water quality-based limits are needed.
GIVEN:
Cr=
+
(Qd + QJ
where:
Cr = the receiving water concentration,
Cd = the effluent concentration,
Qd = the effluent flow,
Cs = the receiving water background concentration, and
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow.
Water Quality Criteria:
Criteria for Aquatic Life Protection - Zinc
Acute = 120 ug/1 [Achieved at the 1-day, 10 year return frequency flow (1QIO)]
Chronic= 110 ug/1 [Achieved at the 7-day, 10 year return frequency flow (7Q10)]
Effluent Data (from DMR):
Qd = 7.06 cfs
Observed Concentrations:
C^O.lTmg/l
Cd(2)=0.21mg/l
Cd(3) = 0.14mg/l
CV = 0.6 (default value for <10 observations)
6C-19
-------
Receiving Water Data:
Illinois River
lQ10flow= 23.6 cfs
7Q10flow = 70.9 cfs
Receiving water background concentration (Cs) = 0.07 mg/1
Reasonable Potential Multiplier Table (Table 3-1 from Technical Support Document):
Table 3-1. Reasonable Potential Multiplying Factors: 99% Confidence Level and 99% Probability Basis
Number of
Samples
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Coefficient of Variation
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
1.6 2.5 3.9 6.0 9.0
1.4 2.0 2.9 4.0 5.5
1.4 1.9 2.5 3.3 4.4
1.3 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.8
1.3 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.4
1.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1
1.3 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.9
1.2 1.5 1.9 2.3 2.8
1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.7
1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.6
1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5
1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4
1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3
1.2 1.4 1.7 ZO 2.3
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1
1.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0
0.6 0.7 0.8 09 10
13.2 18.9 26.5 36.2 48.3
7.4 9.8 12.7 16.1 20.2
S.6 7.2 8.9 11.0 13.4
4.7 5.9 7.2 8.7 10.3
4.2 5.1 6.2 7.3 8.6
3.8 4.6 5.5 6.4 7.5
3.6 4.2 5.0 5.8 6.7
3.3 3.9 4.6 5.3 6.1
3.2 3.7 4.3 5.0 5.7
3.0 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.3
2.9 3.4 3.9 4.4 5.0
2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.5
2.6 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.3
2.6 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1
2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.0
2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.8
2.4 2-7 3.0 3.4 3.7
2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6
2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5
11 12 1.3 14 15
63.3 81 4 102.8 128.0 157.1
24.9 303 36.3 43.0 50.4
16.0 19.0 22.2 25.7 29.4
12.2 14.2 16.3 18.6 21.0
10.0 I'.S 13.1 14.8 16.6
8.6 <>.8 11.1 12.4 13.8
7.7 J.7 9.7 10.8 12.0
6.9 7.8 8.7 9.6 10.6
6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.6
5.9 6.6 7.3 8.0 8.8
5.6 6.2 6.8 7.4 8.1
5.2 5.8 6.4 7.0 7.5
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.1
4.8 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7
4.6 5.0 5.4 5.9 6.4
4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.1
4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.8
4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6
4.0 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.3
3.8 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.2
1.6 1.7 18 19 20
90.3 227.8 269.9 316.7 368.3
58.4 67.2 76.6 86.7 97.5
33.5 37.7 42.3 47.0 52.0
23.6 26.3 29.1 32.1 35.1
18.4 20.4 22.4 24.5 26.6
15.3 16.8 18.3 19.9 21.5
13.1 14.4 15.6 16.9 18.2
11.6 12.6 13.6 14.7 15.8
10.4 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.0
9.5 10.3 11.0 11.8 12.6
8.8 9.4 10.1 10.8 11.5
8.1 8.8 9.4 10.0 10.6
7.6 8.2 8.7 9.3 9.9
7.2 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.2
6.8 7.3 7.7 8.2 8.7
6.5 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.2
6.2 6.6 7.0 . 7.4 7.8
5.9 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.4
5.7 6.0 6.4 6.7 7.1
5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.8
6C-20
-------
(1) Calculate a maximum projected value for the effluent concentration based on the observed
values and the TSD "Reasonable Potential Multiplier Table" provided above.
Maximum projected effluent concentration =
(2) Calculate the projected receiving water concentrations (Cr) for zinc, using the mass balance
equation and data supplied above, for comparison with both acute and chronic criteria.
(a) Zinc (acute)
(b) Zinc (chronic)
(3) Compare the receiving water concentrations calculated in question (2) with the State Water
Quality criteria for aquatic life protection. Which is larger? What does this mean? Do
you need to set a water quality-based limit for zinc?
(4) . What effect would a stream flow (Qs) of 0 cfs have on the receiving water concentration?
What about a stream flow of 1,000 cfs?
6C-21
-------
6C-22
-------
MODULE #6C-2
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Calculating Chemical-Specific
Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
DIRECTIONS:
You are a permit writer and have received a permit renewal application from a
manufacturer. The previous permit was issued using effluent limits derived from
technology-based effluent limitation guidelines. Since that time, the State has revised
its water quality standards to ensure aquatic life protection. In the previous exercise,
you determined that this facility had a "reasonable potential" to exceed State water
quality criteria for zinc. Using the data provided below, calculate the wasteload
allocation for zinc.
GIVEN: C = CQ + CO - (C¥CO1
where: Cd = effluent discharge concentration = wasteload allocation (WLA)
Cr = receiving water concentration,
Cs = receiving water background concentration, and
Qd = effluent flow,
Qs = appropriate receiving water flow.
Water Quality Criteria:
Criteria for Aquatic Life Protection - Zinc
Acute = 120 ug/1 [Achieved at the 1 -day, 10 year return frequency flow (1Q10)]
Chronic= 110 ug/1 [Achieved at the 7-day, 10 year return frequency flow (7Q10)]
Effluent Data (from DMR):
Qd - 7.06 cfs
Receiving Water Data:
Illinois River IQlOflow- 23.6 cfs
7Q10flow= 70.9 cfs
Receiving water background concentration (Cs) = 0.07 mg/1
6C-23
-------
Tables 5-1 and 5-2 from Technical Suvvort Document (TSD):
Table 5-1. Bade Calculations of Long-T«>nri Average
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
O.S
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
12
1.3
1.4
15
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WIA Multiplier*
pj o2-zo]
95*
p^ .ilM —
rOfOOTVwv
0.853
0.736
0.644
0.571
0514
0.468
0.432
0.403
0-379
0.360
0-344
0.330
0.319
0.310
0.302
0296
0.290
0285
0281
0277
BStfi
Pwwrtirt
0.797
0.643
0527
0.440
0473
0.321
0281
0249
0224
0204
0.167
0.174
0,162
0.1S3
0.144
0.137
0.131
0.126
0.121
0.117
LTA^WLA
wh«* nfjfc nmhaihititif And
CV
0.1
• 02
0.3
0.4
O.S
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
t-0
1.1
12
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA Multipliers
nxso4z-«a4|
Q
95Sn
BAOTMMMA
J*Ww>nWI
0.922
0.853
0.791
0.736
0.687
0.644
0.606
0571
0541
0.514
0.490
0.468
0.449
0.432
0.417
0.403
0.390
0.379
0.369
0.360
99th
P*V«ntM
0.891
0.797
0.715
0.643
0.581
0527
0.481
0.440
0.404
0.373
0345
0.321
0.300
0281
0284 !
0249
0236
0224
0214
0204
6C-24
-------
Table 5-2. Calculation of Permit Limits
cv
o.t
02
0.3
0.4
05
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
LTA multipliers
[zo-0.502]
6
95th
Percentile
1.17
1.36
1.55
1.75
1.95
2.13
2.31
2.48
2.64
2.78
2.91
3.03
3.13
3.23
3.31
3.38
345
3.51
3.56
3.60
99th
Percentile
1.25
155
1.90
2.27
2.88
3,11
356
4,01
4.46
4.90
5.34
5.76
6.17
6.56
6.93
7.89
7.63
7.95
8.26
8.55
Maximum Dally Limit
rzo-osc2]
MDL = LTA • e
where o2 = frr [ CV2 + 1 1.
2 - 1 .645 lor 95tn percentiiB occurrence probability, and
z = 2.326 for 99th percentile occurrence probability
Average Monthly Limit
,
AML = LTA • e * "" " n '
2 *
tmtn on = In [ c v / n + 1 ],
z = 1 .645 for 95tr» percentile.
z * 2.326 tor 99th pareentile, and
n = number of samples/month
CV
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
LTA Multipliers
el«,,-owi
95th
Percentile
n=1 n=2 n=4 n=10 n=30
1.17 1.12 1.08 1.06 1.03
1.36 1.25 1.17 1.12 1.06
1.55 138 126 1.16 .09
1.7S 1.S2 1.36 1.25 .12
1.95 1.66 1.4S 1,31 .16
2.13 1.80 .55 1.38 19
2.31 1.94 .65 1.45 .22
2.48 2.07 75 1.52 .26
2.64 2.20 .85 1.59 .29
2.78 2.33 95 1.66 .33
2.91 2.45 2.04 1.73 36
3.03 2.56 2.13 1.80 .39
3.13 2.67 2.23 1.87 43
3.23 2.77 2.31 1.94 .47
3.31 2.86 2.40 2.00 .SO
3.36 2.9S 2.48 2.07 t.54
3.45 3.03 2.56 2.14 157
3.51 3.10 2.64 2.20 1.61
3.56 3.17 271 2.27 1.64
3.60 3.23 2.78 2.33 1.68
99th
Percentile
n=t n=2 n=4 n=10 n=30
1.25 1-18 1.12 .08 1.04
1.55 1.37 1.25 16 109
1.90 1.59 T.4D .24 1.13
2.27 1.83 1-55 33 1.18
2.BB 2.09 1.72 .42 1.23
3.11 2.37 1.90 .52 1.28
3.56 2.66 2,08 .62 133
4.01 2.96 2.27 .73 1.39
4.46 3.2B 2.48 .84 144
4.90 3.59 2.68 .96 1.5O
5.34 3.91 2.90 2.07 1.56
5.76 4.23 311 219 1.62
6.17 4.55 3.34 2.32 1.68
6.56 4.66 3.56 245 174
6.93 5.17 3,78 2.58 1.80
7.29 5.47 4.01 2.71 1,87
763 5.77 4.23 2.B4 193
795 6.06 4.46 2.98 2.00
8.26 6.34 4.68 3.12 2.07
6.55 G.6t 4.90 3.26 2.14
6C-25
-------
(1) Calculate the wasteload allocations (WLA) for zinc using the equation and data supplied
above.
(2) Using the statistical methodologies recommended in the EPA Technical Support Document
for Water Quality-based Controls (March 1991) calculate the long-term average (LTA),
Maximum Daily Limit (MDL), and the Average Monthly Limit (AML)?
[NOTE: Assume a CV=0.6; monitoring requirement of 4 samples per month; LTA
percentile = 99%; MDL percentile = 99%; and AML percentile = 95%]
6C-26
-------
(3) Compare the chemical specific water quality-based limits calculated above with the
technology-based effluent limitations given below for Outfall 001. In which case(s) is the
water quality-based limit(s) less stringent?
Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
Pollutant Maximum Daily Limit (MDD Average Monthly Limit (AMD
Zinc 0.15mg/l 0.10mg/l
(4) Discussion Question: How could a permit writer account for technology-based limitations
prior to calculating water quality-based effluent limits for a specific chemical?
6C-27
-------
6C-28
-------
MODULE # 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET)
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
«• Discuss the applicability and uses of whole effluent toxicity (WET)
«• Describe WET test endpoints
• Acute
• Chronic
+ Explain the use of toxicity units
* Define acute-to-chronic ratio
* Describe WET test methods
* Describe the purpose of toxicity reduction evaluations
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 45 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 301(b)(l)(C) Effluent Limitations Compliance Dates
40 CFR §122.44(d) Water quality standards and State requirements
-------
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Whole Effluent Toxicity
v>EPA
Learning Objectives
Foster better understanding of scientific
underpinnings of WET
- Describe uses and limitations
Discuss WET implementation
requirements
Describe WET test methods
Explain the purpose of toxicity reduction
evaluations
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-1
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
What is Whole Effluent Toxicity
(WET) Testing?
Part of water quality-based toxics
control approach
Measures the aggregate toxic effect of
effluent or ambient water
- measures the response of exposed
aquatic organisms
Why WET?
• Allows for the protection of the
narrative standard "no toxics in toxic
amounts"
- Implementation Policy
• Integrated Approach to Water Quality-
Based Toxics Control!
- Chemical specific approach
- Biological criteria approach
- Whole effluent toxicity approach
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-2
-------
Module 6D Whole Effluent Toxicity
Acute Toxicity
Acute Tests
- Test duration: 96 hours or less
- Endpoint: Mortality (expressed as LCso)
- Example: Pimephales promelas (fathead
minnow) 96 hour test
Chronic Toxicity
Short-term Chronic Tests
- Test duration: 1.5 hours (sea urchins)
to 9 days (sheepshead minnows)
- Endpoint: Growth, reproduction, etc.,
(expressed as NOEC, LOEC, or IC25)
- Example: Ceriodaphnia dubia (water
flea) 7-day reproduction test
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-3
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Acute WET Statistical Endpoints:
Definitions
LC50
- Concentration of effluent that is lethal to
50 percent of the exposed organisms
. uses a dilution series
pass/fail
- instream waste concentration (IWC) or
ambient toxicity test measured against a
control
Example of Acute Test Data and
Statistical Analysis
100% 50%
25% 12.5% 6.25% 0%
- _
100% 80% 40% 20%
100
15
If
10
o
0%
LOso = 30%
20 40 60 BO
Percent Mortality
% Effluent
Concentration
0% % Mortality
100
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-4
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Example of Pass/Fail Acute
Test at IWC or Ambient
• Instream Waste Concentration (IWC)
equals 75%
• Statistical evaluation using student-t test
compares mortality rates of ambient or
IWC sample against the control
- Is there a "significant statistical difference"?
IWC = 75%
Lab Control
&EPA
Chronic WET Statistical Endpoints
(Hypothesis Testing)
• LOEC
- Lowest Observed Effect Concentration
(LOEC) - the lowest concentration of an
effluent or a toxicant that results in
observable adverse effects in the aquatic
test organisms
• NOEC
- No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) -
the highest concentration of an effluent
or a toxicant at which no adverse effects are
observed on the aquatic test organisms A
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-5
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Example of Chronic Test Data
100%
50%
25%
12.5%
6.2*%
0%
H n
13
33
33
33
% Effluent
Concentration
# of young
(Total = 33)
D>
C
3
O
"5
_g
E
1
•o
*
I
'S*
30-
25-
20-
15-
10 ~
s -
» . •— - «wcw
^-LOEC
10 100
Percent Effluent (log scale)
Chronic WET Statistical Endpoints
(Point Estimates)
Inhibition Cone. (ICp) / Effect Cone. (ECp)
• a point estimate of the toxicant of effluent
concentration that would cause:
— (ICp) a given percent reduction in a nonlethal
biological measurement of the test organisms
(e.g., reproduction, growth)
- (ECp) an observable adverse effect on a given
percentage of the test organisms (e.g., death,
immobilization)
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-6
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
100%
Example of Determining an IC25
from Chronic Test Data
50%
u
13
25% 12.5% 6.25%
33
33
33
33
O)
o
"5
»
1
a
£
i
35-
30 -
25-
20-
15-
10-
5 -
* • •
10 100
Percent Effluent (log scale)
% Effluent
Concentration
# of young
(Total = 33)
x-xEPA
Considerations When Selecting
Toxicitv Test Methods
Approved acute and chronic
methods found in 40 CFR Part 136
Must determine:
- Acute or chronic toxicity (based on
calculated limits or available dilution)
- Fresh water or marine discharge
- Most appropriate species (e.g., three
species quarterly for 1 year)
x-xEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-7
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Options for Expressing WET Values
• Option A
- Use statistical endpoint (e.g., LCso,
NOEC, LOEC, or ICas) directly
Example: LCso = 30% effluent
• Option B
- Use toxic units
TUa =
TUc =
100
LCso
NOEC
Examples of Toxic Units
Acute (TUa)
- Assuming LCso = 28%
TU« =
- 100 -
28
• Chronic (TUc)
- Assuming NOEC * 50%
TUr- 100 - 100
NOEC 50
- Assuming ICzs = 30%
TUc=-4P°- = -42P- =3.3
2.0
1C
25
30
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-8
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Whole Effluent Toxicity Criteria
• Narrative - "no toxics in toxic amounts"
• Numeric - (TSD recommendations)
- Acute = 0.3TUa(e.g.,-^°-)
LC50
- Chronic = 1.0TUc(e.g.,
100
Whole Effluent Toxicity Criteria
(Continued)
Applying toxicity criteria with allowable dilution:
1.0 TUC
OutfaH
SEPA
NPDES Permrt Writers Training Course
6D-9
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Steps in Developing WET Permit
Limitations
Acute and Chronic Wasteioad Allocations
Step 2: Calculate LTA for Both
Step 3: Select Lowest LTA
Step 4: Calculate Maximum and Average Limits
J
Stepl: Convert Acute WLA into Chronic WLA I
(WET only) |
Definition of Acute-Chronic Ratio
• Acute-chronic ratio (ACR) * the ratio
of the acute toxicity of an effluent or
a toxicant to its chronic toxicity
• Calculated as the average of the
ratios between at least 10 pairs of
acute and chronic toxicity test
results for the same species
• Default ACR = 10 in the absence of
data to develop an ACR
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-10
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Example ACR Calculations
Using test results expressed as percent effluent:
ACR _ UC«> , _65% s 2 6
AOK" NOEC 25% *'D
Using test results expressed as toxic units:
ACR =
TUa
4.0 _
Ts =
Why an ACR?
• Acute and chronic toxicity test results
are not directly comparable
• ACR is a factor for estimating chronic
toxicity on the basis of acute toxicity
data, or for estimating acute toxicity on
the basis of chronic toxicity data
Allows expression of toxicity results or
requirements in the same units
&EFA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-11
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Example Step 1
WLAa = 1.5TUa
WLAc==16TUc
Observed ACR = 8.0
WLAa c = Acute WLA expressed in TUc
WLAac = WLAa x ACR
= 12 TUc
Steps in Developing WET Permit
Limitations
Acute and Chronic Wastaioad Allocations
Stepl: Convert Acute WLA into Chronic WLA
(WET only)
Step 2: Calculate LTA for Both
I
Step 3: Select Lowest LTA
Step 4: Calculate Maximum and Average Limits
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-12
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Toxicity Reduction Evaluations
• What is a TRE?
-Procedures for investigating the
causes and identifying corrective
actions for effluent toxicity problems
4- Why are TREs necessary?
-Achieve compliance with limits or
requirements for effluent toxicity
contained in NPDES permits
&EPA
Toxicity Reduction Evaluations (Continued)
+ How are TREs performed?
• Site-specific study designed to:
- Identify the causative agents of effluent
toxicity
- Isolate the sources of the toxicity
- Evaluate the effectiveness of toxicity
control options
- Confirm the reduction in effluent toxicity
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-13
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Mechanisms for Requiring TREs
• Special conditions in NPDES permit
• Section 308 letter
• Section 309 Administrative Order or
a Consent Decree
Permits Must Specify
• Test species and method
• Testing frequency
• Statistical endpoints
• Steps to address toxicity
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-',4
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
WET Example
Developing WET Effluent Limits
vvEPA
What is the Maximum Allowable Whole Effluent Toxicity for
the ABC, Inc. Effluent Assuming Complete Mixing?
Qs = Upstream river flow
1Q10 = 1.2 cfs
7Q10 = 3.6 cfs
Qd = Discharge flow = 0.31 cfs
Cs = Upstream river concentration = 0 TUc
Cr = Water quality criteria
Acute = 0.3 TUa applied at 1Q10 low flow
Chronic = 1.0 TUc applied at 7Q10 low flow
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-15
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Acute WLA
Cd
- Cr(Qd + QS) - CsQs
Qd
Cd Acute = 0.3 (0.31+1.2)-(0)(1.2)
0.31
Cd Acute = WLAa = 1.5TUa
Chronic WLA
Cd
= Cr(Qd + Qs) - CsQs
Qd
Cd chronic = 1.0(0-31+3-6)-(0)(3.6)
0.31
Cd chronic = WLAC ~ 13TUc
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-'6
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Step 1: Convert Acute WLA into
Chronic Toxic Units
Observed ACR = 10
WLAa c = Acute WLA expressed in TUc
WLAa>c = WLAa x ACR
= 1.5 TUa
TUc
= 15 TUc
Step 2: Calculate LTAs
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.S
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA multipliers
e[O.So=-za]
9Sth
pcrcentile
0.8S3
0.736
0.644
0.571
0.514
0.468
0.432
0.403
0.379
0.360
0.344
0.330
0.319
0.310
0.302
0.296
0.290
0.285
0.281
0.277
99th
pcrcmtile
0.797
0.643
0.527
0.440
0.373
0.321
0.281
0.249
0.224
0.204
0.187
0.174
0.162
0.153
0.144
0.137
0.131
0.126
0.121
0.117
Acute LTA
CV = 0.6
WLAa.c = 15 TUc
= 99th percentiie value
LTAa,c = 15 TUc x 0.321 = 4.8 TUc
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-17
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Step 2: Calculate LTAs
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WLA multipliers
gtO.So.'-zo,]
95fh
percentite
0.922
0.853
0,7*1
0.736
0.687
0.644
0.606
0.571
0.541
0.514
0.490
0.468
0.449
0.432
0.417
0.403
0.390
0.379
0.369
0.360
99th
narrailttla
pflTCBtllllV
0.891
0.797
0.715
0.643
0.581
0.527
0.481
0.440
0.404
0.373
0.345
0.321
0.300
0.281
0.264
0.249
0.236
0.224
0.214
0.204
Chronic LTA
CV = 0.6
WLAc = 13TUc
- 99th percentile value
LTAc = 13TUc x 0.527 = 6.9 TUc
EPA
Step 3: Select Lowest LTA
LTAa.c = 4.8 TUc
LTAc = 6.9 TUc
Select LTAa,c = 4.8 TUc
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-18
-------
Module 6D
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Step 4: Calculate MDL and AML
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
LTA multipliers
e[za-0.5
14«
1.73
140
147
1.94
240
2.07
2.14
2JO
2^7
243
1.03
1.06
1.09
t.12
1.16
1.19
142
1.2*
1J9
143
14(
149
143
147
140
144
147
141
144
1.M
99th percentile
0-1
1JS
14t
1.90
127
2.6*
3.11
544
4.01
444
440
S44
176
t-17
tJU
(.93
7.29
7.63
7.9t
tlf
(45
n-2
1.1(
tJ7
149
143
2.09
147
2.C4
2.9C
3.21
149
1.91
4J3
445
44«
5.17
547
5.77
606
6J4
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1.12
1J!
140
145
1.72
1.90
2.04
2J7
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240
3.11
344
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3.71
4.01
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4.46
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4.90
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1.16
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1.42
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1.73
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149
144
140
146
1.62
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1.74
140
147
1.93
2.00
2J07
2.14
AML
Number of samples = 4
CV = 0.6
AML
95th percentile
value
AML = 4.8 TUC x 1.55 = 7.4 TUc
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6D-19
-------
6D-20
-------
MODULE # BE
Variances to Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Define the different types of water quality standard variances
• Site-specific criteria modification
• Designated use
• Water quality standard variance
* Describe how the variances affect water quality-based effluent limits
+ Describe the role of NPDES permit writer in implementing the variances
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 30 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 303(c) Adopting and Modifying Water Quality Standards
40 CFR Part 131 Water Quality Standards
-------
-------
Module 6E
Variances to Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Variances to Water Quality-
Based Effluent Limits
vvEPA
Learning Objectives
Describe the types of variances from
water quality standards
Discuss how variances affect water
quality-based effluent limits
Explain the role of the permit writer
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6E-1
-------
Module 6E
Variances to Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Types of Water Quality Variances
• Site-specific modification of water
quality criteria
- Permanent change in criteria
- Designated uses maintained
• Designated use reclassification
- Permanent change in water quality
standard
- Use and criteria change
Types of Water Quality Variances
(Continued)
• Water quality standard variance
- Short-term and temporary change to
standard
- Basic water quality standards remain
in place
- Pollutant and discharger specific
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6E-2
-------
Module 6E
Variances to Water Quality-Based Effluent Limits
Affect of Variances on Permit Limits
Changes the fundamental basis of
water quality-based effluent limits
- May impact reasonable potential
determination
- May result in more or less stringent
limitations
Role of permit writer
- Ensure that variance is reflected in
permit
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
6E-3
-------
-------
MODULE 6 - SUGGESTED REFERENCE MATERIALS
Final Guidance for Implementation of Requirements Under Section 304(1) of the Clean Water
Act as Amended. EPA, Office of Water Regulations and Standards and Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits, March 1988.
Technical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Toxics Control f£P A/505/2-90-001).
EPA, Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, March 1991.
Introduction to Water Quality Standards (EPA 440/5-88-0891. EPA. Office of Water Regulations
and Standards, September 1988.
Quality Criteria for Water. 1986 CEP A/440/5-86-00 1). EPA, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, May 1986.
Water Quality Standards Handbook: Second Edition fEPA -823-B-94-005a). EPA, Office of
Water, August, 1994.
Guidance for Water Quality-based Decisions: The TMDL Process (EPA 440/4-91-OQn. EPA,
Office of Water, April 1991.
Methods for Measuring Acute Toxicity of Effluents to Freshwater and Marine Organisms. Fourth
Edition (EPA/6QO/4-90/027F). EPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1991.
Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater Organisms. Third Edition CEP A/600/4-91/002). EPA, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, 1991.
Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents jjid Receiving Waters to
Marine and Estuarine Organisms. Second Edition CEPA/60Q/4-91/003). EPA, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1991.
Short-term Methods forJEstimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
West Coast Marine and Estuarine Organisms rEPA/600/R-95/1361 EPA, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1995.
6E-5
-------
-------
MODULE #7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Explain the regulatory requirements and purpose of establishing monitoring
requirements in NPDES permits
* Discuss considerations for establishing monitoring conditions in permits
* Identify different methods for sample collection
* Discuss conditions under which certain sampling techniques are appropriate
* Describe the elements of monitoring conditions and the applicability to municipal and
non-municipal dischargers
«• Describe whole effluent toxicity monitoring requirements and considerations
* Explain analytical requirements for sample analysis
* Discuss reporting and record-keeping requirements for NPDES permits
* Define discharge monitoring reports (DMRs)
* Provide questions for reviewing monitoring conditions in a permit
* Provide examples for specifying sampling locations and setting monitoring
requirements in a permit
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 60 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 304(h) Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for Analysis of
Pollutants
CWA Section 405(d) (4) Monitoring on a Case-by-Case Basis
CWA Section 503 Sludge
40 CFR §122.41(j)(l) Representative monitoring
-------
40 CFR §122.410)(2) Records
40 CFR §122.41(1)(4) Discharge monitoring reports
40 CFR §122.42(a) Pollutants subject to notification requirements
40 CFR §122.44(i) Reporting at least once per year
40 CFR §122.45(e) Frequency and rate of discharge for noncontinuous discharge
40 CFR §122.45(f) Other measurements incl uding internal waste streams
40 CFR §122.48 monitoring, recording, reicordkeeping
-------
Module 7 Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Monitoring and Reporting
Conditions
SEPA
Learning Objectives
Describe purpose of monitoring
conditions
Discuss the considerations for
establishing monitoring conditions
Explain analytical method
requirements
Describe reporting requirements
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-1
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Purpose of Monitoring
• Determine compliance with permit
conditions
• Establish a basis for enforcement
actions
+ Other
- Assess treatment efficiency
- Characterize effluents
- Characterize receiving water
Types of Monitoring
• Self monitoring
- Permittee performs sampling and
analysis
• Compliance monitoring
- Permitting authority monitors effluent
during compliance inspection
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-2
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Example POTW: Flow Diagram
Raw
Wastewater
Final
Effluent
Ash to Sludge
Lagoon
Example: Industrial Flow Diagram
Sludge to Landfill
Final Effluent
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-3
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Self Monitoring Considerations
• Location
+ Frequency
• Type of sample
• Cost
xvEPA
Considerations for Monitoring Location
• Is it on the facility's property?
• Is it accessible?
• Will the results be representative of
the targeted wastestream?
• Are internal monitoring points
needed?
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-4
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Frequency Considerations
Size and design of facility
Type of treatment
Location of discharge
Frequency of discharge
(batch, continuous)
Compliance history
Nature of pollutants
Number of monthly samples used
in developing permit limit
Frequency Considerations (cont)
0)
E
£
at
Daily
Composite
Samples
Quarterly
Grab Samples
Pollutant Toxicity/Variability
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-5
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Types of Samples
Grab Sample: Taken from a wastestream
on a one-time basis without consideration
of the flow rate of the wastestream and
without consideration of time
- Must be used to monitor certain
parameters (e.g., pH, volatile organics,
cyanide)
- Used for monitoring batch discharges
Example Situation - Case #1
»
1
"•I
u
Time
Time
• Slight daily fluctuation in pollutant
concentration and flow
• Recommendation: Grab Sample
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-6
-------
Module 7 Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Types of Samples (Continued)
Composite: Sample composed of two or more
discrete aliquots. The aggregate sample will
reflect the average water quality over the
sample period.
- More representative measure of the discharge of
pollutants over a given period of time
- Accounts for variability in pollutant concentration
and discharge flow rate
- May be sequential discrete samples or a single
combined sample
&EPA
Types of Samples (Continued)
• Composite Sample is defined by the time interval
between aliquots, and the volume of each aliquot (t, V).
- Time Proportional (tc, Vc): Interval time and sample
volume are constant
v
t
- Flow Proportional: Interval time or sample volume
may vary t
• Constant volume (tv, Vc) v i 11 I [
Constant time (tc, Vv)
SEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-7
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Example Situation - Case #2
Time
Time
• Regular fluctuations in pollutant loading
over the course of the day
• Very slight fluctuations in flow
• Recommendation: Time Proportional
Composite
Example Situation - Case #3
Time
Time
• Irregular fluctuations in pollutant loading
over the course of the day
• Erratic fluctuations in flow
• Recommendation: Flow Proportional
Composite
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-8
-------
Module 7 Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Types of Samples (Continued)
• Continuous Sample: Automated collection
and analysis of a parameter in a discharge
- Typically used for pH and flow
- 40 CFR § 401.17 allows excursions for pH
&EPA
Analytical Methods
+ 40 CFR Part 136
- Test methods in Appendix A to Part 136
- Standard Methods for the Analysis of
Water and Wastewater
- Methods for the Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes
- Test Methods: Methods for Organic
Chemical Analysis of Municipal and
Industrial Wastewater
• Alternative methods
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-9
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Analytical Detection Level Considerations
E3 Effluent Limit *1
•i Minimum Lewi (ML)
• Method Detection Limit (MOL)
•B Effluent Limit *2
• Compliance with Limit #1 •* 40 CFR Part 136
«• Compliance with Limit #2 -* ? ? ?
&EPA
Estimated Costs for Analytical Procedures
BODS $30
TSS $15
TOC $60
Oil and Grease $35
Odor $30
Color $30
Turbidity $30
Fecal coliform $15
Metals (each) $15
Cyanide $35
Gasoline (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene) $100
Purgeabte Halocarbons (EPA Method 601) $113
Acrolein and Acrylonitrile (EPA Method 603) $133
Purgeables (EPA Method 624) $251
Phenols (EPA Method 604) $160
Organochtorine Pesticides and PCBs (EPA Method 608) $157
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (EPA Method 619) $175
Dioxin (2, 3. 7,8-TCDD) (EPA Method 613) $400
Base/Neutrals and Acids (EPA Method 625) $434
Priority pollutant scan* $2,000
TCLP $150
Acute WET $750
Chronic WET $1,500
' Includes 13 metals, cyanide, dioxin, volatile* (purgeables), base/neu sal and acids,
pesticides and PCBs, and asbestos
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-10
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Example #1: Annual Analytical Costs
BOD5
TSS
Fecal Coliform
Oil and Grease
Times
Per Year
104
104
104
104
Unit
Cost ($)
30
15
15
35
Annual
Cost ($)
3,120
1,560
1,560
3,640
Total 9,880
Example #2: Annual Analytical Costs
Pollutant
Priority Pollutants
Acute WET
Phenols
Cyanide
BODS
TSS
Metals (Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn)
No.
Samples
4
4
12
52
156
156
780
Cost/
Sample
$2,000
$750
$160
$35
$30
$15
$15
Total
Cost/
Year
$8,000
$3,000
$1,920
$1,820
$4,680
$2,340
$11,700
$33,460
AEPA
7-22
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-11
-------
Module 7
Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Reporting of Monitoring Results
• What is reported?
- Data required in permit
- Data for pollutants monitored more
frequently than required
• When is information reported?
- At least 1/year for limited pollutants
• Who is responsible for reporting?
- The Permittee
• What format is used for reporting?
- Discharge Monitoring Ruperts
Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs)
Must be used to report self-
monitoring data
- Required at 40 CFR §122.41 (1)(4)(i)
- States may alter format
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-12
-------
Module 7 Monitoring and Reporting Conditions
Record Keeping
• Records of monitoring must be kept
for 3 years
- Records for sewage sludge use and disposal
activities must be kept for 5 years
• Monitoring records include:
- Data, place, and time
- Individual performing sampling
- Date of analysis
- Individual performing analysis
- Analytical methods used
- Analytical results
• Permit should specify where records
should be located
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
7-13
-------
7-14
-------
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-------
7-16
-------
MODULE 7 - SUGGESTED REFERENCE MATERIALS
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater . American Public
Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control
Federation. (Use most current version)
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater (EPA/600/4-79-Q20) . EPA,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, March 1979.
Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of Pollutants under the Clean
Water Act (40 CFR Part 136). (Use most current version)
NPDES Storm Water Sampling Guidance Document (EPA/833-B-92-QOn . EPA, Office
of Water, July 1992.
Methods for Measuring Acute Toxicitv of Effluents to Freshwater and Marine
Organisms. Fourth Edition (EPA-600/4-90/027) . EPA, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, 1991.
Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicitv of Effluents and Receiving
Waters to Freshwater Organisms. Third Edition (EPA/600/4-917002) . EPA,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1991.
Short-term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicitv of Effluents and Receiving
Waters._to_Marine and Estuarine Organisms (EPA/6QQ/4-91/003) . EPA, Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1991.
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Training: Laboratory Analysis. EPA, Office
of Water, August 1990.
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Training: Sampling. EPA, Office of Water,
August 1990.
NPDES Compliance Monitoring Inspector Training: Biomonitprmg . EPA, Office of
Water, August 1990.
POTW Sludge Sampling and Analysis Guidance . EPA, Office of Water, August 1989.
Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of Water and Wastewater
(EPA/600/4-82-029) . EPA, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1982.
Handbook for Monitoring Industrial Wastewater . EPA, Office of Technology Transfer.
1973.
7-17
-------
-------
MODULE #8
Special Conditions
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
*• Describe the purpose of special conditions
+ Describe the regulatory authority for establishing special conditions
«• Describe the general types of special conditions applicable to municipal and non-
municipal dischargers
• Non-regulatory monitoring
• Best management practices (BMPs)/pollution prevention
• Compliance schedules
* Introduce the types of special conditions unique to municipal and non-municipal
sources
Municipal
Pretreatment program
Grants
Sewage sludge
Combined sewer overflows
Storm water
Non-municipal
BMPs/pollution prevention
Storm water pollution prevention
Plans
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 45 minutes
Review Questions/Exercises: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
40CFR§122.44(f)
40 CFR §122.44(k)
40 CFR §122.44(n)
40 CFR §122.47
Notification level
Best management practices
Grants
Schedules of compliance
-------
-------
Module 8
Special Conditions
Special Conditions
SEPA
Special Conditions are Used in NPDES
Permits to...
Address unique situations
Incorporate preventative requirements
Incorporate compliance schedules
Incorporate other NPDES programmatic
requirements (e.g., pretreatment,
sewage sludge)
SEPA
NPOES Permit Writers Training Course
8-1
-------
Module 8 Special Conditions
Types of Special Conditions
• Additional monitoring/studies
• Best management practices
(BMPs)/pollution prevention
• Compliance schedules
FPA
Additional Monitoring/Studies
• Used to supplement effluent limits
• Used to collect data for future limit
development
• Examples:
- Dilution studies
- Sediment samples
- Bioconcentration studies
- TIErTRE
*
NPDES Peimit Writers Training Course
8-2
-------
Module 8
Special Conditions
Definition of Best Management Practices
Best management practices (BMPs) are actions
or procedures to prevent or minimize the
potential for the release of toxic pollutants or
hazardous substances in significant amounts
to surface waters
xvEPA
Authority for Best Management Practices
CWA §304(e)
- Effluent limitations guidelines
CWA§402(a)(1)
- Case-by-case basis
- 40 CFR122.44(k)
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8-3
-------
Module 8
Special Conditions
BMP Candidates?
Facility A
Indoor
Manufacturing
Process
Facility B
Outdoor
Manufacturing
Process
BMPs in NPDES Permits
BMP plan
Site-specific BMPs
- Facility-specific
- Pollutant-specific
BMPs should NOT
- Substitute for quantitative controls
- Tell managers how to run their plants
- Require costly methods
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8-4
-------
Module 8
Special Conditions
Recommended Elements of a BMP Plan
•Recommended elements
Name and location of
facility
Statement of BMP
policy and objectives
Review by plant
manager
BMP committee
Risk identification
and assessment
Reporting of BMP
incidents
Materials
compatibility
Good housekeeping
Preventive
maintenance
Inspections and
records
Security
Employee training
&EPA
Specific BMPs Are.
• Most effectively used in conjunction
with effluent limitations in permits
• Qualitative - should generally
indicate how or what, not how much
+ Procedural
vvEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8-5
-------
Module 8 Special Conditions
Examples of BMPs
• Water conservation/ • Source Elimination
non-use ,. .
• Alarm systems
* Secondary containment ^ Diverting
«• Nondestructive testing ^ Pavina
* Materials engineering ^ Run
-------
Module 8
Special Conditions
Compliance Schedules
40 CFR §122.47
- Allows for establishing schedules of
compliance with CWA and regulations
• Interim dates if schedule exceeds
1 year from permit issuance
• Reporting 14 days following each
interim date
Compliance Schedule Considerations
Technology based limits
- Not generally - compliance deadlines
- New effluent guidelines may allow
Water quality based limits
- Starkist Decision
• WQS must specify
• WQS adopted since July 1,1977
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8-7
-------
-------
MODULE # 8A
Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Describe the purpose of special conditions for municipal dischargers
* Describe the regulatory authority for establishing special conditions
* Describe special conditions unique to municipal dischargers
• Pretreatment program
• Sewage sludge
• Combined sewer overflows
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 40 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 20 minutes
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
40 CFR §122.440)
40CFR§122.44(k)
40 CFR Part 403
40 CFR Part 503
Pretreatment programs for POTWs
Best management practices
General Pretreatment Regulations
Standards for the Use and Disposal of Sewage Sludge
-------
-------
Module 8A
Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
Special Conditions for
Municipal Dischargers
Learning Objectives
v>EPA
Define pretreatment program
requirements
Define sewage sludge requirements
Define combined sewer overflow
requirements
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8A-1
-------
Module 8A Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
Domestic Sewage Exclusion
• Domestic sewage or any mixture of
domestic sewage and other wastes that
pass through a sewer system to a
POTW are not considered "solid waste"
under RCRA...
• Unless received at the POTW by:
- Truck
- Rail
- Dedicated pipeline
National Pretreatment Program
• Major goal is controlling discharges in
order to:
- Prevent interference with POTW processes
- Prevent pass through of pollutants
- Protect sludge management options
• Additional programmatic goals
- Encourage recycling and reclamation
- Ensure POTW personnel health and safety
AEPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8A-2
-------
Module 8A
Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
Regulatory Requirements - General
Pretreatment Regulations (40 CFR PART 403)
Elements:
- National Pretreatment Standards
- Requirements for POTW and State
programs
- Industrial and POTW reporting
requirements
Effluent Limitations Guidelines
(40 CFR 405-471)
- Including categorical pretreatment
standards
vvEPA
Pretreatment Program Development
* Who?
- POTWs > 5 MGD
- POTWs < 5 MGD with past problems
+ What?
- Legal authority
- Industrial user survey
- Individual control mechanisms for all
SlUs
- Compliance/enforcement
- Resources
- Data management ^
_ &EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8A-3
-------
Module 8A Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
NPDES Permits Drive the
Pretreatment Program by Requiring:
• Adequate legal authority
• Maintaining industrial user inventory
• Development/implementation local
limits
• Individual control mechanisms be
issued all SfUs
• Compliance monitoring activities
NPDES Permits Drive the
Pretreatment Program by Requiring:
• Swift and effective enforcement
• Data management and
record keep ing
• Reporting to the approval authority
(EPA or State)
• Public participation
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8A-4
-------
Module 8A
Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
Permits for Municipal Sewage Sludge
(Biosolids)
• Any Section 402 permit issued to a
POTW should contain requirements
for sewage use and/or disposal
• 40 CFR Part 503 requirements should
be incorporated into a permit for:
- Incineration
- Land application
- Surface disposal
Permits for Municipal Sewage Sludge
(Biosolids) (Continued)
Other entities may be delegated
responsibility to comply
(40 CFR Part 503 standards and
requirements may not all be placed
in the POTW permit)
Permits must contain:
- Additional standard conditions
- Special conditions
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
8A-5
-------
Module 8A
Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
Typical Combined Sewer System
Configuration
FPA
Requirements for Combined Sewer
Overflows (CSQs)
• Technology-based requirements
(BPJ)
- BAT (none promulgated)
- BCT (none promulgated)
• Applicable State water quality
standards
NPOES Permit Writers Training Course
8A-6
-------
Module 8A
Special Conditions for Municipal Dischargers
Considerations for Developing Special
Conditions for CSOs
• Characteristics of the discharge
• Control technologies
• CSO control policy
Overview of CSO Control Policy Approach
Time
Years after Phase I Permit Issuance
—»• 5 »• 10+ •
NPDES Permit
Requirements
Phase I
Phase II
Post Phase II
A. TKhnolooy-BaMd » Nino minimum contrail (NMC). « • NMC, at J mtaimom • NMC. at a minimum
« Narrative « parrormanc*-
basad standard!
NarntfM + parhxmanca-
based standards » numeric WO-
bai«d ««lu.m llmto
[•« appropriau}
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modtlingsfCSS
K. and • MontonnglanahiauwgimpacU • Pon-constn
. Monitoring to dmmlm fnoniloring
«ffectiv*n«H ot CSO controls
0. Fbpoftinf
Oocunwnation of NMC
imptenitntatton
imtnm long-term control plan
(LTCP) «<»v
-------
8A-8
-------
office 0{
1 Wastewater Enforcement
and Compliance (EN-336)
The National Sewage
Sludge Program
SltxJge Us* or Oispesai RtgubMiara fmet ShMrt S«fiM
Legal Authority
As mandated by the Clean Water Act
of 1987. EPA has issued national standards
regulating the use or disposal of sewage
sludge. *n«»M» «»n/ki>H«i prininlgnnl in ^
CFR Pan 503. in conjunction with the
permitting requirements established in 40
CFR Pans 122,123, and 501, wake op die
regulatory framewoA of the National Sew-
age Sludge Program.
Who is Regulated?
Part 503 generally regulates ireaters and
preparcrs of sewage sludge that will be land
applied, incinerated, or placed on a surface
disposal site, as well as die generators and
end users or disposers of the sewage sludge.
What is Regulated?
The National Sewage Sludge Pro-
gram generally regulates all sewage sludge
that is used or disposed through kind appli-
cation. surface disposal, or incineration.
What is sewage sludge ?
Sewage sludge is defined as a "solid.
semi-solid, or liquid residue generated dur-
ing the treatment of domestic sewage in a
treatment works. Sewage sludge includes,
or solids removed in primary, secondary, or
advanced wastewater treatment proceoea;
and material derived from sewage stodge."
(Materials derived from sewage stodge in-
clude the products of sludge oompotters and
digesters, treated sewage sludge which is
bagged forsaleas fertilizer, or any odiertype
of processed or treated sewage sludge which
is land applied, incinerated, or placed in t
surface disposal site.) "Sewage stodge does
nounclude ash generated duringdje firing of
sewage siudgeinase wage sludge incinerator
or grit and screenings generated daring (he
preliminary treatment of domestic sewage
in a treatment works." (§503.9 (w))
Domestic septage is also regulated by
Pan 503. Domestic septage is "liquid or
solid material removed from a septic tank.
cesspool, portable toilet. Type m marine
sanitation device, or similar treatment works
that receives only domestic sewage..."
(5503.9(0)
Currently excmded tern regulation
under Part 503, are industrial stodge and
septage from inriu&nal or commercrd ft-
citities. Generally, stodge generated at an
uuumial acuity is not regulated by Part
503. However, if die domestic wastewater
is segregated fan die process water, the
you m
imtol in/ Ik
0 gntiin»
that such person is in compliance with 40
CFR Pan 503." (S12Z2)
Important Note:
Compliance is required by
the dates above, regardless
of whether a permit has
been issued.
8A-9
-------
Siuoge USB or Disposal RagdaBooi F«a Sh*»t Stmt
Mcrcti 9
Practices and MatMlals
Not Regulated by
40 CFR Part 503
(PmtZST)
Drinldngw
(PCBs) (PwtTBI)
(9m M|
works
••feat
by ttw National SMMOtStuda*
PtOQTHfl In H10 flJIUW*
Under this definition,
must apply for a pennit include the genera-
tors, neaigfg, tatA rfi«pn«»i« of <**TMMT* Ctdlities and sew-
age sludge incineraion wiD also need to
applyftrapermiL Landapplienwhodonot
generate or change the quality of the sewage
sludge win not need u> apply for a permit
Septic tanks mrt^jmilar devices. sacfa
as portable tnilfts, are excluded from the
dcfinitioQ of ocatment wixks oea&nff do*
mesoc sewage. Domestic iieptage pumpers,
haulers, treaien, and land uppUers will gen*
erafly not need to apply for a permit How-
nay be ***|"'**^ to apply lor a pfmit
When Are Pennit
Applications Due?
Facilities «g*jrin£ nonspecific pennit
limits (as authorized by Pin 5C3) most sub-
mit pennit applications within 180 days af-
ttrpublianonofPtn503(August 18. 1993).
All sewage sludge indnewon win be re-
quired to submit applications for site-spe-
cific permits limits. Any **"*'•''»
Cacility may request sitospecific permit
limits.
Facilities must request site-specific
permit limits during the initial 180 day pe-
riod, and may not be allows! to request them
later, unless the applicant; can snow "good
cause" exists (e.g., a change in disposal
practice or a new site taat could not be
anticipated during the initial 180-day
period).
Other facilities which alread^ave
NPDES penniB must file sewage^Be
application information with the sludgefJer-
mining authority at the time of their next
NPDES permit renewal application.
Facilities which do not have NPDES
permits are referred to as "sludge-only" fa-
cilities. These facilities may include com-
posting facilities, non-discharging sewage
treatment plans and other facilities which
generate, treat, or dispose of sewage sludge
but do not have NPDES permits. If these
facilities are required to (or want to) apply
for site-specific pennit limits, they most
submit pennit applications within the 180
day period described above. Otherwise.
these facilities win be required to submit
limited permit application information by
February 19,1994.
Who is the
Permitting Authority?
In most cases the Permitting Authority
wffl be the EPA Regional Office. EPA is
working wim State agencies in the develop-
ment of approved Staas programs to admin-
iaer the Federal sewage sludge i
rEPARegional Sludge (
natorQistedon the backof this facts
mote information on the Permitting Author-
ity or permit applications.
Pollutants with
Numeric Limits
Land Application
CnfOffl lUfA
nwcury
zinc
Undrwd Surface* Disposal Sites
Unad Surlaea Diapoaal Sites
MOM
Sewage Sludge Incinerators
nieM
total hy*
i (• •urregat* for
ofowite compound* In »•
8A-10
-------
Sludge Us* or Ois
al flagulationa Pac* Sha«l Sa«ia€
1993
Regulated Use and
Disposal Practices
Land Application
Land application is defined as "the
spraying or spreading of sewage sludge onto
the land surface: the injection of sewage
sludge below the land surface; or the incor-
poration of sewage sludge into the soil so
chat sewage sludge can either condition die
soil or fertilize crops or vegetation grown in
the soil" (5503.11 (h)). Examples;
reclamation sites as a soil conditioner, use
by sod farms; and toe distribution of sludge
as a commercial fertilizer.
Surface Disposal
A surface disposal site is an area which
contains one or more "sewage stodge onus,"
where only sewage sludge is placed for final
riicpnqil this KfU dOCS OOt *"'>*1f*t mu-
nicipal solid waste landfills that accept
sewage sludge. Furthermore, this does not
include land on which sewage sludge is
placed for either storage or treatment.
(§503.21 (n) and (p))
Asa rule of thumb, storage is placement
of sludge on a site for up 10 2 years. If
sewage sludge is stored for more than 2
years, then a rationale supporting the need
for the additional tone should be submitted
to ihe penniaing authority. For more infor-
mation on storage. caD your EPA Regional
Sludge Coordinator.
Disposal in a municipal ytid waste
landfill (MSWLF) is not considered surface
disposal. A generator who sends sewage
sludge to a MSWLF needs to apply for a
permit, but the MSWLF is oat regained by
the National Sewage Stodge PiDgnm.
Examples of surface
trenching of septage.
Incineration
Incineration is defined as the combus-
tion of the organic uiauo and inorganic
matter in sewage sludge at high tempea-
tures in an enclosed device mat fires only
sewage sludge and an auxiliary fuel The
auxiliary fuel can include, but is not limited
to, natural gas. fuel oil coal, and municipal
solid waste. Municipal solidwastecan be up
to 30% of the combined dry weight of the
sewage sludge and themunicipal solid waste.
Hazardous waste is not considered an auxil-
iary fuel. (§503.4 1(b), (g) and (k))
Are You Regulated by
The National Sewage Sludge Program?
An you a. pufatdy ownad tnwntnt
aludga niguaMd by Part 503^
No
t
Do you aand laoaigi aludga to •
municipal aoadMaa
No
t
AM you
You am ragutaod and wH imti t
•poly tot • ponnit
You «• r»ad to apply br a ptmA
^b^^^u^^ «B*A tmm ^u*M^J a-j ^^__^
nOWBWt mm rUJmCapfl •OBQ yjdtat
landtt is not rvgulatod by Put 503
VKiwi noc IIMKI to Apply tef ft pci'inc
You ira iioulBliii and wfl rmd to
You am ragutand and wl Mod
apply tor •OMTT*.
You vt raguted tnd wfl i«*d ta
•poJytoraptnnlt.
You am mgUaoad. but ganaraly
da not nood to apply tor a
.UMtd* c^^^^^^ u ,_., tin ft
pOTInb rw^^fW* H jrvU UtHii
^^^M^^^k M • ..MM^i^A^^^ 4BMlited
aopcaga at a oarmnzaa tacany
you may bo mquind to apply tor
aparmtt.
Y«
YOU am
d» not
Do you juat Nndte or
afadpt?
NO
t
You an predatory not raguaMd
by fca Ntitonal SMMBO* Sludga
but oafwralty
to appry tor a
You may bo aubjaet to
of *» National Snngo
- - - but
ganaraly do not noad to appry
•Part 503 only raguta
aawaot atudgo inoin
»to land appaad, Mnmtod in •
•tor. or piaoad 11 a aurfeoa dkpoaaj unt.
quafty critoria. Tha ernria art: punogam. victor
diafactariatic*. and rvgUaiad organic and kwuv*. p
8A-11
-------
Us* or Disposal a«gu«Ofii Paa SheetSene*
•54"
Publication
Sources
NatlonriT«ctinfeallnforTMtlMiUrvtM:
N71S
5285 Port Royal Rd.
Springfield. VA 22161
Tele: (703) 487-4860
NSPC
P.O. Box 6084
Moifanttwn. WV
Tele: (600) 624-6301
1200 Chambers Rd. Room 310
Columbus, OH 43212
Tele: (614)202-671 7
Roglsfer Not
Pan S03 was pubfehsd on February 19.
1993 « 58 FMw* A*0«av (ffl) 9248.
Amtndnnnu » t
Regional Sludge Coordinators
puMslwdon f^biuvy 19. 1963. «56 W9404.
copin ot >>• F*d*mt n§g»m
university, and public librtow are Pedarat
REGION 1
SLUDGE
PUBLICATIONS
Guidance Document*
POTWSJudoaJ
Quldanoa Dean
GuMeneatorWrittnal
Uaaai
1983
•ndOtoturtoad
Contact Stas):
EPA'sPeiay
Sanaflelal Uaa«f
T
R»gi4MkMwB«afeJat(llavlaad),l98a
BwwUdalUaaaf
Herts, 54 F» 18716 (Hay 2,1666)
(Amended 2/16*3. at 66 ff? 6464)
JFXFwtoralBUg.
Ona Congraaa St
Tal»: (617)586^569
REGION:
AiaReultMl
26 Fad4ral Plaza
Naw York. NY 10278
Tato: (212) 2644863
REGION3
AmCwUtufl
(3WM55)
84lChaatnutSL
PhaaMpMa, PA 19107
Tato: (215) 597-9406
REGION*
34S Courttand St N.E.
AtlanUuGA 30368
Tata: (404) 347-2391
REGIONS
(5WOP-16J)
77 W. Jackson Blvd.
Chicago. IL 60604-2690
REGION 6
SMphaniaKortizi
(6-WPM)
1445 RMS Aw 01200
DaJaa, TX 75202-2733
Tala: (214) 665-7520
REGION?
John Dunn
726 Mmeaota Ave.
Kansaa O(y. KS 66101
Tate: (913) 551-7594
REGION 8
99918th St, Suit* 500
Danvw. CO 80202-2405
Tato: (303) 293-1627
REGION9
LiKIIWI FOH06HH
75 Hawthorn* St (W-5-2)
San Franciaco. CA 94105
Tata: (415) 744-1909
REGION 10
Dick Hatharington
1200 Sixth Ava,
Saattla. WA 98101
Tata: (206) 553-1941
Lnm FMan
1200SMhAwa. (WO-134)
Saaflla.WA 96101
Tato: (206) 553-1647
8A-12
-------
SEWAGE SLUDGE
OR BIOSOLIDS
USE OR DISPOSAL DOCUMENTS
List Compiled by:
Shane Centilla, USEPA, OWM/Permits
Division (202) 260-6052
Sewage sludge pubacationa an avaiable from tha Ioftbwing sources. Not all documents ara
avaflabfa from al aouroas. Plaaaa nota sources in margin adjacent to document name.
OWRC
OfHue of WaMr
USEPA - RC-4100
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington. D.C. 20460
Tele: (202) 260-7786
Center (OW Raaource Center)
ERIC
CERI
Information Center (BUG)
1929 Kenny Roed
Cohimbui, OH 43210-1080
Tale: (614) 292-6717 or Fax: (614) 292-0263
NTIS
CERJ Pubfieebons
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45248
Tele: (513) 569-7562 or Fax: (513) 569-7566
U.S. Department of Commerce
1 0OM1IGM iHijmmliori Servico
5285 Port Royal Roed
Springfield, VA 221 61
Tele: (703) 487-4650 or (800) 553-6847
am uMd by
NSFC
c/o WV University
P.O. Box 6064
Morgantown, Weet Virginia 26506-6064
Tale: (800) 624-8301 or Fax: (304) 293-3161
8A-13
-------
PUBLICATIONS ON SLUDGE/BIOSOUDS
August 1994
OWRC Guidance for Writing Case-By-Case Permit Requirements for Municipal Sewage Sludge (EPA
NTIS 505/8*90-001 ), May 1990; USEPA OWEC/Penriits Oiv; NTtS (PB91-14S508); (1989
NSFC document: NTIS only; revised March 1993: new title: Guidance for Writing Permits For Use
or Dispose/ of Sewage Sludge; draft only availalita from OW Resource Center; final
available late 1994)
NTIS POTW Sludge SempHng end Analysis Guidance Document, August, 1989; USEPA
OWEC/Permits Div; available only from NTIS (PI393-227957); (being revised late 1994)
OWRC Prepering Sewage Siudge For Lend Application or Surfece Dispose/: A Guide for Preperers
NTIS of Sewage Sludge on the Monitoring, Recordkeoping, end Reporting Requirements of the
NSFC Federal Standards for Use or Dispose/of Seweye Sludge, 40 CFR Part 503 (EPA 8318-93-
002»); August 1993.
OWRC Surfece Dispose] of Sevnge Sludge: A Guide Ftw Owners/Operators of Surface Disposal
NTIS Fecttties on the Monitoring, Recordkooping, ami Notification Requirements of the Federal
NSFC StafiderdsFortr*UseorDisposefof Sewage Stodge, 4Q CFR Pen 503: May 1994.
OWRC Lerni AppOcetion of Sewage Skfdge: A Gttide Ft^ Lend AppJiera on tfn R
Notification Requirement* of the Pedant Standards For the Use or Dispose/of Sewage
Sludge, 40 CFR Part 503: Available September 1994 from OW Resource Center.
OWRC Questions & Answers on Part S03-,avaMt*e \a\e-\9B4
OWRC THC Continuous Emission Monitoring Guidance for Pan SO3 For Sewage Siudge
Incinerators; June 1994
OWRC Federal Reoieter Notice 6/2/89 r^ia/Skjdaa Slmte Pmormm end Pennrttm^/^oaMons
OWRC Federal Register Notice 7/24/90 Generai Protrmrtmont A NPDES Regulation Changes fine
Domestic Sewage Study}
OWRC Video: Sewage Sludge Sampling Techniques, 20 minutes long. USEPA OWEC Enforcement
Division; 1993
OWRC Stale Sludge Management Program Guidance Manuel, Oct. 1990. USEPA OWEC
Municipal Support Division Pufaicattons-Sludg* Treatment and Disposal:
NTIS Environmental Regulations A Tochnotogy: Use ft Disposal of Municipal Wastewater Sludge
(PB 8020054« for NTIS only). March 1989
NTIS Anaerobic Sludge Digestion: Operations Manual (EPA 430/09-76-001) (PB 250129/AS for
NTISonJv), Feb. 1976
\
NTIS Appice^on of Sewage Skjdpe to Cmo^nd; A^yratse/of Potential H»2ards of thf Heavy
Metais to Plants end Animeis (EPA 43O/O9-7&-013) (PB 264015/AS for NTIS only}, Nov.
1976
NTIS Siuooe Hendttng A Condrtioruny - Operations Manual (EPA 430/09-78X102) (PB 279449/AS
for NTIS only), Feb. 1978
8 A-14
-------
NTIS
NTIS
NTIS
NTIS
NTIS
NTIS
NTIS
NTIS
OWRC
NTIS
NSFC
ERIC
OWRC
NTIS
NSFC
ERIC
OWRC
NTIS
NSFC
OWRC
NTIS
NSFC
Composting Processes to Stabilize A Disinfect Municipal Sewage Sludge (EPA 430/09-81 -
011} (PB 81240509 for NTIS only), June 1981
Institutional Constraints & Public Acceptance Barriers to Utaization of Municipal
Wastewater & Sludge for Land Reclamation A Btomass Productions (EPA 430/09*81 -013)
(PB 83128629 for NTIS only), July 1981
Sludge & the Land: The Role of Soil & Water Conservation Districts in Land Application of
Sewage Sludge (EPA 430/09-82-007) (PB 83156307 for NTIS only), S«pt. 1982
Sludge Recycling for Agricultural Use (EPA 430/09-82-008) (PB 83164202 for NTIS only),
Oct. 1982
Multiple-Hearth A fluid Bed Sludge Incinerators: Design & Operational Considerations (EPA
430/09-85-002) (PB 86179660 for NTIS only), Sept. 1985
Heat Treatment/Low Pressure Oxidation Systems: Design A Operational Considerations
(EPA 430/09-85-001) (PB 86120003 for NTIS only), Sept. 1985
Startup A Operation of Chemical Process Technologies ft the Municipal Sector: The Carver-
Greenfield Process for Sludge Drying (EPA 430/09-89-007} (PB 90161902 for NTIS only),
June 1989
Evaluation of Sludge Management Systems: Evaluation Checklist & Supporting Commentary
(EPA 430/9-80-001) (MCD-61/OWPO), Feb. 1980
*»
Domestic Septage Regulatory Guidance: A Guide to the EPA SO3 Rule; Sept. 1993
(EPA/832-B-92-005)
EPA's Policy Promoting the Beneficial Use of Sewage Sludge and the New Proposed
Technical Sludge Regs, (pamphlet), June 1989; revised/renamed in June 1994; "Biosolids
Recycling: Beneficial Technology For A Better Environment*
A Guide to the BtosoKds Acs* .Assessment Methodology for the EPA SO3 Rule; late 1994
from OW Resource Center
A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part S03 BosoBds Rule; October 1994 from OW Resource
Center
ORD Pubfccations
OWRC environments/ Regulations A Technology - Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in
CERI Sewage Sludge (EPA/625/R-92/013); Dec. 1992
OWRC Cooperative Testing of Municipal Sewage Sludges by the Toxicrty Characteristic Leaching
CERI Procedure A Compositional Analysis (EPA 430/09-91-007); April 1991
OWRC Process Design Manual for Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge A Domestic Septage (Old
CERI name: Municipal Sludge Landfitts); being revised; revision available Oct. 1994
8A-15
-------
OWRC Land Application of Municipal Sludge; (EPA 625/1-83-016) Oct. 1983; being revised &
CERI renamed: Process Design Manual For Land Application of Sewage Sludge & Domestic
Septage"; revision available July 1995
OWRC Septage Treatment ami Disposal; (EPA 625/6-84/009) Oct. 1 984
CERI
OWRC Handbook: Estimating Sludge Mgmt. Costs (EPA 625/6-85/010); Oct. 1985
CERI
OWRC Dewatering Municipal Wastewater Sludges; (EPXt 625/1-87/014) Sept. 1987
CERI
OWRC Summary Report: In-Vessef Composting of Mumapat Wastewater Sludge (EPA 625/-S-89-
CERI 16)
OWRC Autothermal Thermoprtffic Aerobic Digestion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge; (EPA
CERI 625/10-90/007)
OWRC Use and Disposal of Municipal Wastewater SftMfcw (EPA 625/1 0-84/003)
CERI
OWRC ORD BBS Users' Manual (V 2.0) (EPA 600/M-91 /O50)
CERI
OWRC Composting Municipal Sludge: A Technology Evttoetion (EPA 600/2-87-021); PB87-
CER1 1 71 252/AS for NT1S only
NTIS
CERI CEM/ORD ELECTRONtC BUUETIN BOARD: Ttto: (813) 569-7610 (24 hours operation) To
Get Sludo^yBioeoids/nertduals: Conference 1 1
USEPA OW/Office- of Sctonc* & Technology: Technical Support Documents For Part
503
TSD for Land Application of Sewage Sludge, Volume I (PB93-1 1 0575 for NTIS only)
NTIS TSD for Land Application of Sewage Sludge, Volume II (PB93-1 1 0583 for NTIS only)
NTIS TSD for Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge (PBJI3-1 1 0591 for NTIS only)
NTIS TSD for Incineration of Sewage Sludge (PB93-1 1 061 7 for NTIS only)
NTIS TSD for Pathogen A Vector Attraction Reduction in Sewage Sludge (PB93-1 10609 for
NTIS only)
NTIS Hurr»n Hearth fto Assessrrwt For Use & Dispart of Sewvge Stodge: Benefits of
ftegulation (PB93-1 1 1 540 for NTIS only)
' s.
NTIS The Regulatory Impact Analysis { PBS 3-1 10625 fur NTIS only)
8A-16
-------
UnitMl SUMS
Environmental Protection
Agency
Off in of Water
(4201)
EPA 832-f-M-002
April 1994
&EPA Combined Sewer Overflow Control Policy:
A Consensus Solution to Improve Water Quality
Overview
The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) is issuing a "Combined Sewer
Overflow Control Policy* which establishes
a national framework and provides guidance
to communities and State/Federal officials
for controlling combined sewer overflows
(CSOs). The Policy calls for communities
with CSOs to take immediate and long-term
actions to address their CSOs. Rather than
a one-size-fits-all mandate, the Policy
provides communities with the flexibility to
develop a workable, cost-effective solution
to a major environmental problem.
Given the high control cost and
serious nature of CSOs, EPA decided to
pursue a negotiated dialogue with all
interested stakeholders in developing the
Policy. Representatives of communities with
CSOs, State officials, plus environmental
and other interest groups joined EPA at the
table and helped develop the consensus
Policy. Endorsements have come from
municipal and environmental groups alike.
President Clinton's Clean Water
initiative recommends that the 1994
amendments to the Clean Water Act (CWA)
endorse the final CSO Policy.
What are CSOs?
CSOs are a remnant of the country's
early infrastructure. In the past, cities built
sewer systems to collect both storm water
and sanitary wastewater in the same sewer.
These are called "combined sewers."
CSOs are discharges of raw
sewage, industrial and
commercial wastes, and storm
water. About 1100 communities,
mostly in the Northeast and
Great Lakes, have CSOs that
serve a population of about 43
million.
During dry weather, combined sewers
carry wastewater to treatment facilities.
However, when it rains, combined sewers
may not have the capacity to carry alt the
storm water and wastewater, or the
treatment plant may not be large enough to
treat ail of the combined flow. In these
situations, some of the combined wastewater
overflows untreated into the nearest body of
water - streams, lakes, rivers, or estuaries -
creating a combined sewer overflow
(CSO). These CSOs may pose risks to
your health and environment.
8A-17
-------
Why are CSOs a problem?
Since CSOs are comprised of raw
sewage, commercial and industrial wastes,
and storm water runoff, many different types
of pollutants may be present. The main
constituents of CSOs are untreated human
and industrial wastes, toxic materials like oil
and pesticides, and floating debris washed
into the sewer system from streets and their
drainage area These pollutants can affect
your health when you swim in CSO-polluted
water or eat fish or shellfish contaminated
by CSOs. CSO impacts on water quality are
unique to each location and may be
responsible for beach closures, shellfish bed
closures, fish kills, and other water quality
degradation in your community.
How are
regulated?
CSOs are considered to be 'point
sources" of pollution under the Clean Water
Act(CWA). The CWA requires EPA and
States to issue permits for controlling point
sources, including discharges from CSOs.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permits must be issued to
address CSOs.
Permits are written to meet the water
quality standards for a particular
watertody. Water quality standards are
State-adopted or Federally-promulgated
rules that serve as the goals for the
waterbody and the legal basis for NPDES
permit requirements under the CWA.
For example, a waterbody may be
designated for a variety of recreational
activities (e.g., swimming, boating, fishing,
etc.), and standards are developed
accordingly.
What are the key components
of the Policy?
EPA's CSO Policy ensures that
municipalities, permitting and water quality
standards authorities, and the public
engage in a comprehensive and
coordinated planning effort to achieve cost-
effective CSO controls and ultimately
comply with the Clean Water Act. The
Policy recognizes the site-specific nature of
CSOs and their impacts, and provides the
necessary flexibility to tailor controls to local
situations. Key components include:
Municipalities should Immediately
Implement the nine minimum
controls (see box on next page);
Municipalities should use a
targeted approach, giving the
highest priority to environmentally
sensitive receiving waters:
* Municipalities, In cooperation
with EPA, States, environmental
agencies, and water quality
groups, must develop long-term
CSO control plans. These plans
should identify and evaluate various
control strategies, and lead to
selection of an approach that is
sufficient to meet water quality
standards.
States may decide to review and
revise, as appropriate, State water
quality standards during the CSO
long-term planning process.
The financial capability of
municipalities may be considered
when developing schedules for
implementation of CSO controls.
Public participation is essential
throughout all CSO planning and
implementation efforts.
8A-18
-------
The Policy also provides flexibility to
accommodate ongoing or completed CSO
projects, the special needs of small
communities, and watershed planning.
How expensive are CSO control
measures?
Past CSO proposals have carried
national price tags as high as $160 billion or
more. The negotiated Policy has reduced
that cost to $41 billion, a substantial
savings. CSO costs may be high in some
communities, but low in others. The severity
and frequency of CSOs, plus the local water
quality standards, will determine the types of
controls that are needed and their costs.
EPA recognizes that financial
considerations are often a major factor
affecting the implementation of CSO
controls. For that reason, the Policy allows
consideration of a community's financial
capability in connection with the long-term
CSO control planning effort, water quality
standards review, and enforcement actions.
However, communities are ultimately
responsible for aggressively pursuing
financial arrangements for implementation of
the minimum controls and the long-term
CSO control plan.
EPA and State agencies will work
with CSO communities to find economically
achievable solutions that will improve public
health and create a safer environment for
everyone.
How will the Policy be enforced?
Elements of the Policy will be
incorporated into National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permits or other appropriate enforceable
mechanisms.
The enforcement portion of the Policy
indicates EPA's intent to commence an
enforcement initiative immediately against
municipalities that have CSOs that occur
during dry weather. It also provides
guidance on the enforcement of the wet-
weather elements of the Policy.
Nine Minimum Controls
Communities should immediately
implement the following minimum controls:
1. Proper operation and regular
maintenance programs for the
sewer system and CSOs;
2. Maximum use of the collection
system for storage:
3. Review and modification of
pretreatment requirements to
assure CSO impacts are minimized;
4. Maximization of flow to the
municipal sewage treatment plant
for treatment;
5. Prohibition of CSOs during dry
weather,
6. Control of solid and floatable
materials in CSOs;
7. Pollution prevention;
8. Public notice to ensure that the
public receives adequate
notification of CSO occurences
and impacts; and
9. Monitoring to effectively
characterize CSO impacts and the
efficacy of CSO controls.
For more information
For copies of the CSO Control
Policy, please contact the Office of Water
Resource Center in Washington, DC. at
(202)260-7786. Or write:
Office of Water Resource Center
US EPA, Mailcode RC-4100
Washington, DC 20460
8A-19
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Diagram of a Combined Sewer System
During Wet Weather
This diagram shows how domestic wastewater (sewage),
industrial and commercial wastes and storm water are
collected in the same sewer pipes in a combined sewer
system. During dry weather, all of this wastewater should
be carried to the wastewater treatment plant for treatment.
But when it rains, some of the combined wastewater
overflows untreated into the nearest receiving waiter,
causing a combined sewer overflow.
Domestic wastsweter
Weather Row
to Overflow Point
Stem water and Dry Weather Row
Drops to intoicsptor
Combined Sewer Overflow
8A-20
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MODULE 8 - SUGGESTED REFERENCE MATERIALS
N.P.DES Best Management Practices Guidance Document (EPA/600/9/79-045) . EPA,
Office of Water Enforcement and Office of Research and Development, December 1979.
Guidance Manual for Developing Best Management Practices (BMPs)(EPA 833-B-93-
004). EPA, Office of Water, October 1993.
Storm Water Management for Industrial Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices (EPA 832-R-92-006). EPA, Office of Water,
September 1992.
Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIO. EPA, Office of Pollution
Prevention and Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration,
April 1990.
U.S. EPA Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC): Electronic
Information Exchange System (EIES) -User Guide. Version 1.1 (EPA/600/9-89/0861 .
EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration, September 1989.
Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual (EPA 625-7-88-003). EPA, Office
of Research and Development, July 1988.
Environmental Regulations and Technology The National Pretreatment Program
(EPA/625-10-86/005) . EPA, Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, July 1986.
Guidance for Developing Control Authority Enforcement Response Plans. EPA. Office
of Water, September 1989.
Guidance Manual for POTW Pretreatment Program Development . EPA, Office of
Water Enforcement and Permits, October 1983.
Guidance. Manual on the Development and Implementation of Local Discharge
Limitations Under the Pretreatment Program. EPA, Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits, December 1985. Supplemental Manual on the Development and
Implementation of Local Discharge Limitations Under the Pretreatment Program. EPA,
Office of Water, May 1991.
RCRA Information on Hazardous Wastes for Publicly Owned Treatment Works. EPA,
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, September 1985.
Guidance for Writing Case-bv-Case Permit Requirements for Municipal Sewage Sludge
(EPA 505/8-90-001). EPA, Office of Water. May 1990.
8A-21
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MODULE # 9
Standard Conditions of NPDES Permits
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
* Identify the purpose of standard conditions
* Discuss methods to implement standard conditions
•• Provide understanding of standard conditions
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 15 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: 15 minutes
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
40 CFR §122.41 Conditions applicable to all permits
40 CFR §122.42 Additional conditions applicable to specified categories of NPDES
permits
-------
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Module 9
Standard Conditions ofNPDES Permits
Standard Conditions of
NPDES Permits
vvEPA
Learning Objectives
• Describe the role of "boilerplate"
language
• Discuss methods for placing
standard conditions in permits
• Review the types of standard
conditions
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
9-1
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Module 9
Standard Conditions ofNPDES Permits
Standard Conditions in the Permit
• 40 CFR §122.41 - Conditions
applicable to all permits
• 40 CFR §122.42 - Additional
conditions applicable to specified
categories of NPDES Permits
• Must appear in every NPDES permit
- Expressly (verbatim)
- By reference
List of Standard Conditions - 40 CFR §122.41
• Duty to comply
• Duty to reapply
• Need to halt or reduce
activity not a defense
• Duty to mitigate
• Proper O & M
• Permit actions
• Property rights
• Duty to provide information
• Inspections and entry
• Monitoring and records
Signatory requirement
Reporting requirements
• Planned change
• Anticipated noncompliance
• Transfers
• Monitoring reports
• Compliance schedules
• 24 hour reporting
• Other non-compliance/information
Bypass
Upset
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
9-2
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Module 9
Standard Conditions ofNPDES Permits
Additional Standard Conditions - 40 CFR §122.42
• Notification levels for existing non-municipal
dischargers
- Requirement for toxic pollutants not limited in permit
- Discharged on routine or frequent basis
- Discharged on non-routine or infrequent basis
+ Notification for POTWs
- New significant indirect discharger
- Change in pollutant volume or character
• Annual report for municipal separate storm sewer
systems
• Compliance within three years for initial storm water
permits
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
9-3
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-------
MODULE #10
Administrative Process
OVERALL OBJECTIVES:
+ Explain regulatory requirements and procedures of permit issuance
* Define requirements and need for fact sheet and statement of basis, and provide
examples of good permit documentation
* Discuss public participation requirements
* Explain permit appeals process
*• Explain EPA, State and Tribal roles in issuance process
* Discuss administrative activities after issuance of final permit
* Identify the conditions under which a permitting authority may re-open existing
permits
LOGISTICS:
Presentation Format: Lecture
Approximate Presentation Time: 90 minutes
Review Questions/Exercise: None
Applicable Statutory and Regulatory Citations:
CWA Section 401
40 CFR §122.61
40 CFR §122.62
40 CFR
40 CFR
40 CFR
40 CFR
40 CFR
40 CFR
40 CFR
§122.63
§122.64
Part 123
Part 124
Part 124,
Part 124,
Part 124,
Subpart A
Subpart D
Subpart E
40 CFR Part 124, Subpart F
Untitled
Transfer of permits
Modification or revocation and reissuance of
permits
Minor modifications of permits
Termination of permits
State Program Requirements
Procedures for Decision Making
General Program Requirements
Specific Procedures Applicable to NPDES Permits
Evidentiary Hearing for EPA-issued NPDES
Permits and EPA terminated RCRA Permits
Non-adversary Panel Procedures
-------
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Module 10 Administrative Process
Administrative Process
v>EPA
Learning Objectives
• Describe NPDES permit
administrative procedures
• Discuss requirements and need for
documentation
• Explain public participation
requirements
• Describe administrative activities
after final permit issuance
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-1
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Module 10
Administrative Process
NPDES Permitting Process
Significant EPA
Comments/
No State 401
Certification
Develop draft permit limits
and conditions
| Prepare fact sheet
j (or statement of basis)
Prepare administrative
record (EPA only)
EPA/State review of draft
permit and fact sheet
(or statement of basis)
No EPA Comment/
State 401 Certification,,
Public notice (opportunity for
public comment)
Prepare final permit, fact
sheet, and admin, record
Issue final permit
Significant,
widespread,
Public Interest
Public Hearing
NPDES Permitting Process (Continued)
Issue final permit
Request for
Evidentiary Hearing
Opportunity for I nformal
appeal to the
Environmental Appeals Board
No Appeal
Opportunity for informal
appeal to the
Environmental Appeals Board
Formal appeal to
Environmental Appeals Board
Environmental Appeals Board
Decision
No Appeal
Final Agency Action
&EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-2
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Module 10
Administrative Process
NPDES Administrative Process
The administrative process of developing
and issuing a permit involves:
- Documenting all permit decisions
- Coordinating EPA and State review of the
draft permit
- Providing public notice, conducting
hearings (if appropriate), and responding
to comments
- Defending the permit and modifying after
issuance (if required)
Reasons for Good Documentation
• Streamlines reissuance/compliance-
monitoring process
• Establishes permanent record of the
basis for the permit
• Explains legal basis of permit
• Provides sound basis for future
modifications and permits
• Requires permit writer to be organized
and logical throughout permit
development process
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-3
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Module 10
Administrative Process
Contents of Administrative Record -
Draft Permit
• What is it?
• What is in it?
- Application and supporting data
- Draft permit
- Statement of basis or fact sheet
- Documents/items cited in statement of
basis or fact sheet
- Other items supporting permit
development
- Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
for new source draft permits
Fact Sheet vs. Statement of Basis
Fact Sheet
Statement
of
Basis
• Permit involves a
major facility
• Permit incorporates
a variance
• Permit is an NPDES
general permit
• Permit is subject to
widespread public
interest
• Used when fact sheet
not required
• Requires:
- Description of
conditions
- Reasons for
conditions
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-4
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Module 10 Administrative Process
Minimum Elements of a Fact Sheet
• General facility information
- Description of facility or activity
- Sketch or description of location
- Type and quantity of waste/pollutants
discharged
• Summary rationale of permit
conditions
- Applicable statutory/regulatory
citations
- References to administrative record
Minimum Elements of a Fact Sheet
(Continued)
Detailed rationale of permit conditions
- Explanation and calculation of effluent
limitations and conditions
- Specific explanation of:
• Toxic pollutant limits
• Limits on internal wastestreams
• Case-by-case requirements
• Limits on indicator pollutants
• Regulation of users (Non-POTWs only)
- Sewage sludge land application plan
- Inappropriateness of requested variances
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-5
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Module 10
Administrative Process
Minimum Elements of a Fact Sheet
(Continued)
• Administrative Requirements
- Permit procedures
• Comment period begin and end dates
• Procedures for requesting a hearing
- Public involvement in final decision
- Permitting authority contact name and
telephone
EPA and State/Tribal Roles
• State/Tribal issued permits
- EPA retains the right to review:
• Major municipal and industrials
• General permits
• Class I sludge facilities
- EPA reviews other significant permits (minor)
• EPA issued permits
- State/Tribal Section 401 certification required
• Certifies that permit will achieve water quality
standard
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-6
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Module 10
Administrative Process
Public Notice
Purpose of public notice
Types of actions requiring public notice
- Tentative denial of application
- Draft NPDES permit
- Public hearing
- Formal appeal of permit (after issuance)
- Major permit modifications
(after issuance)
- Granting of evidentiary hearing
(after issuance)
Public Notice (Continued)
Methods applicable to public notice
process
- Publication in newspaper
- Direct mailing
Contents of public notice
- Name and address of regulatory authority
- Name and address of permittee
- Brief description of facility
- Name, address, and telephone of contact
- Additional information
(EPA-issued permits)
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-7
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Module 10 Administrative Process
Public Notice (Continued)
• Timing of public notice
- Must allow at least 30 days for public
comments
- EPA/State MOA may specify EPA review of
either draft or proposed permits
• Responding to comments
- Significant comments must be responded to
in writing
xvEPA
Public Hearings
• Public hearings may be requested
by any party
• Hearings are optional
• Scheduling the hearing
automatically extends the comment
period until the close of the hearing
[40 CFR §124.12(c)]
• A transcript of the hearing must be
available to interested persons A __.
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-8
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Module 10
Administrative Process
Contents of Administrative Record -
Final Permit
• All comments received
• Public hearing tape or transcript
• Response to comments
* Final EIS for new sources
• Final permit
• Although not mandated, records from
the draft permit should be added
After Final Permit Issuance
• Permit appeals
• Minor/major permit modifications
• Permit termination
4- Permit Transfer
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-9
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Module 10 Administrative Process
Permit Appeal
• Used by permittee to contest final permit limits
and conditions
• Must be requested within 30 days following final
permit issuance
- Challenges limited to issues raisod during public
comment on draft permit (unless good cause is shown)
• Regional administrator decides to grant/deny
request
• Hearing must be public noticed
• Only contested permit conditions are stayed
Permit Appeal
Permit writers' role during appeal
- Witness for permit authority
- Source of technical knowledge for
attorney
- Assist in developing cross-
examination questions
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-10
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Module 10
Administrative Process
Minor Modifications
• Used to make corrections to permit
conditions
• Exempt from administrative procedures
(i.e., draft permit, public notice, etc.)
• Actions considered minor:
1. Typographical errors
2. More frequent monitoring
3. Change in interim compliance date (<120 days)
4. Change in ownership
5. Change in construction schedule for new source
6. Deletion of point source outfall
7. Incorporate approved local pretreatment program
vxEPA
Major Modifications
Required to address new information
that may impact permit conditions
Administrative procedures must be followed
(i.e., draft permit, public notice, etc.)
Causes for modification:
1. Reopener condition
2. Correct technical and legal mistakes
3. Failure to notify interested State
4. New information
5. Alterations justifying new/different conditions
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-11
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Module 10 Administrative Process
Major Modifications
Causes for modification:
6. New regulations
7. Modification of a compliance schedule (>120 days)
8. Require POTW to develop prelreatment programs
9. Unsuccessful BPJ treatment installed
10. Address non-limited pollutants
11. Variance request
12. Adjust limits to reflect net pollutant treatment
13. Insert 307(a) toxic or Part 503 sludge use/disposal
14. Establish notification levels
Permit Terminaitions
• Used to retract privilege to
discharge during permit term
• Administrative procedures must be
followed (i.e., public notice)
• Causes for termination:
- Suspend effectiveness in emergency
- Terminate for falsifications,
recalcitrants or changed conditions
(e.g., plant closure)
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-12
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Module 10
Administrative Process
Permit Transfer
Necessary to address change in
owner or operator
Transfer Options
- Transfer by modification or revocation
and reissuance
- Automatic transfer
• Prior 30-day notice
• Written agreement between new and old
owners
Permit will not be modified or revoked
v>EPA
NPDES Permit Writers Training Course
10-13
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10-14
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EXAMPLE NPDES PERMIT
10-15
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10-16
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Permit No.: IL0654321
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended, (33
U.S.C. S1251 et seq; the "Act"),
LUSTER GLASS, INC.
is authorized to discharge from a facility located in Morris, Illinois
to receiving waters named the Illinois River
in accordance with discharge point(s), effluent limitations, monitoring
requirements and other conditions set forth herein. Authorization for discharge
is limited to those outfalls specifically listed in the permit.
This permit shall become effective
August 31, 1989
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight,
August 31, 1994.
Signed this day of
Authorized Permitting Official
Director
Hater Management Division
Title
10-17
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FAST I
Page 2 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Sheet—Issuance and Expiration Dates
I. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements
A. Definitions
B. Description of Discharge Points
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements
(Includes Compliance Schedules as Appropriate)
II. Monitoring, Recording and Reporting Requirements
A. Representative Sampling
B. Monitoring Procedures
C. Penalties for Tampering
D. Reporting of Monitoring Results
E. Compliance Schedules
F. Additional Monitoring by the Permittee
G. Records Contents
H. Retention of Records
I. Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncompliance Reporting
J. other Noncompliance Reporting
X. inspection and Entry
III. Compliance Responsibilities
A. Duty to Comply
B. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions
C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense
D. Duty to Mitigate
E. Proper Operation and Maintenance
F. Removed Substances
G. Bypass of Treatment Facilities
H. Upset Conditions
I. Toxic Pollutants
J. Changes in Discharge of Toxic Substances
IV. General Requirements
A. Planned Changes
B. Anticipated Noncompliance
C. Permit Actions
D. Duty to Reapply
S. Duty to Provide Information
F. Other Information
G. Signatory Requirements
H. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
I. Availability of Reports
J. oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
K. Coast Guard
L. Property Rights
M. Severability
N. Transfers
O. State Laws
P. Water Quality Standard Requirements-Reopener Provision
Q. Toxicity Reopener Provision
V. Special Requirements
A. Best Management Practices (BMP) Plan
B. BMP Implementation
C. Site-Specific BMPs
10-18
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PART I
Page 3 of 19
Permit. No. :
IL0654321
I.
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
A.
Definitions.
The "30-day (and monthly) average," other than for fecal coliform
bacteria and total coliform bacteria, is the arithmetic average
of all samples collected during a consecutive 30-day period or
calendar month, whichever is applicable. Geometric means shall
be calculated for fecal coliform bacteria and total coliform
bacteria. The calendar month shall be used for purposes of
reporting self-monitoring data on discharge monitoring report
forms.
The -7-day (and weekly) average," other than for fecal coliform
bacteria and total coliform bacteria, is the arithmetic mean of
all samples collected during a consecutive 7-day period or
calendar week, whichever is applicable. Geometric means shall be
calculated for fecal coliform bacteria and total coliform
bacteria. The 7-day and weekly averages are applicable only to
those effluent characteristics for which there are 7-day average
effluent limitations. The calendar week which begins on Sunday
and ends on Saturday, shall be used for purposes of reporting
self-monitoring data on discharge monitoring report forms.
Weekly averages shall be calculated for all calendar weeks with
Saturdays in the month. If a calendar week overlaps two months
(i.e., the Sunday is in one month and the Saturday in the
following month), the weekly average calculated for that calendar
week shall be included in the data for the month that contains
the Saturday.
"Daily Maximum" ("Daily Max.") is the maximum value allowable in
any single sample or instantaneous measurement.
"Composite samples" shall be flow proportioned. The composite
sample shall, as a minimum, contain at least four (4) samples
collected over the compositing period. Unless otherwise
specified, the time between the collection of the first sample
and the last sample shall not be less than six (6) hours nor more
than 24 hours. Acceptable methods for preparation of composite
samples are as follows:
Constant time interval between samples, sample
proportional to flow rate at time of sampling;
volume
b.
c.
d.
Constant time interval between samples, sample volume
proportional to total flow (volume) since last sample. For
the first sample, the flow rate at the time the sample was
collected may be used;
Constant sample volume, time interval between samples
proportional to flow (i.e., sample taken every "X" gallons
Of flow); and.
Continuous collection of sample, with sample collection rate
proportional to flow rate.
A "grab" sample, for monitoring requirements, is defined as a
single "dip and take" sample collected at a representative point
in the discharge stream.
10-19
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PART I
Page 4 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
6. An "instantaneous" measurement, for monitoring requirements, ia
defined as a single reading, observation, or measurement.
7. "Upset" means an exceptional incident in which there is
unintentional and temporary nonconpliance with technology-based
permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the
reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error,
improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment
facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or
improper operation.
8. "Bypass" means the intentional diversion of waste streams from
any portion of a treatment facility.
9. "Severe property damage" means substantial physical damage to
property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to
become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural
resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the
absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean
economic loss caused by delays in production.
10. "Director" means Director of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency's Hater Management Division.
11. "EPA" means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
12. "Sewage Sludge" is any solid, semi-solid or liquid residue that
contains materials removed from domestic sewage during treatment.
Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, primary and
secondary solids and sewage sludge products.
13. "Acute Toxicity" occurs when SO percent or more mortality is
observed for either test species (See Part I.e.) at any effluent
concentration. Mortality in the control must simultaneously be
10 percent or less for the effluent results to be considered
valid.
14. "Chronic Toxicity" occurs when the survival, growth, or
reproduction, as applicable, for either test species, at the
effluent dilution(s) designated in this permit (see Part I.e.),
is significantly less (at the 95 percent confidence level) than
that observed for the control specimens.
10-20
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PART I
Page 5 of 19
Permit No.: IL06S4321
B. Description of Discharge Points
The authorization to discharge provided under this permit is limited to
those outfalls specifically designated below as discharge locations.
Discharges at any location not authorized under an NPDES permit is a
violation of the Clean water Act and could subject the person
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PART I
Page 6 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements
1. Effluent Limitations (Outfall 001)
Effective immediately and lasting through the life of the permit, the
permittee, is authorized to discharge from Outfall 001. Such
discharges shall be limited by the permittee as specified below:
Effluent 30-Day a/ Daily a/
Parameter Average Max imum"
Flow, MGD N/A N/A
Total Suspended Solids,
Ib/day 351.3 451.1
mg/1 9.23 11.86
Oil and Grease,
Ib/day 104.2 104.2
mg/1 2.74 2.74
Total Phosphorus,
Ib/day 16.5 16.5
mg/1 0.43 0.43
Total Zinc,
Ib/day 3.75 3.75
mg/1 0.1 0.1
Total Lead,
Ib/day 1.14 1.52
mg/1 0.03 0.04
Whole Effluent Toxicity
(WET), TUC b/ 3.7 S.9
pH, s.u. c/ c/
Temperature 6J d/
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace
amounts.
a/ See Definitions, Part I.A. for definition of terms.
b/ The permittee shall demonstrate compliance wiih WET requirements specified
in Part I.e.3 of this permit.
c/ pH shall not be less than 6.0 s.u. nor greater than 9.0 s.u.
d/ Temperature shall not be greater than 2.8 degrees Centigrade above ambient,
or 1.7 degrees Centigrade above the following maximum limits: from
December 1 through March 31-, 16 degrees Centigrade (60 degrees Fahrenheit)
and from April 1 through November 30, 32 degrees Centigrade (90 degrees
Fahrenheit).
10-22
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PART I
Page 7 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements fCont.)
2. Self-Monitoring Requirements (Outfall 001)
As a minimum, upon the effective date of this permit, the following
constituents shall be monitored at the frequency and with the type of
measurement indicated; samples or measurements shall be representative
of the'volume and nature of the monitored discharge. If no discharge
occurs during the entire monitoring period, it shall be stated on the
Discharge Monitoring Report Form (EPA No. 3320-1) that no discharge or
overflow occurred.
Effluent
Parameter
Flow, MOD b/
Temperature
Total Suspended Solids
Oil and Grease
Total Phosphorus
Total Zinc
Total Lead
Whole Effluent Toxicity
(WET), chronic
pH
Frequency
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
2/Month
Daily
Sample Type a./
Instantaneous or Continuous
Continuous
24-Hour Composite
Grab
24-Hour Composite
24-Hour Composite
24-Hour Composite
24-Hour Composite
Continuous or Grab
Sampling by the permittee for compliance with the monitoring requirements
specified above shall be performed at the following locations(s): within
100 feet of Outfall 001 to the Illinois River.
a/ See definitions, Part I.A.
b/ Flow measurements of effluent volume shall be made in such a manner that
the permittee can affirmatively demonstrate that representative values are
being obtained.
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PART I
Page 8 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring;Requirements (Cone. 1
3. Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing - Chronic Toxicity
Starting the effective date of this permit, the permittee shall
conduct biweekly chronic toxicity testa on a 24 hour composite sample
of the final effluent. If chronic toxicity is detected, the permittee
shall conduct a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation, according to
specifications in Part I.e.4 of this permit. Test species shall
consist of Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnows). The chronic
toxicity tests shall be conducted in general accordance with the
procedures set out in the latest revision of "Short-Term Methods for
Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater Organisms", EPA/600-4-89-001, if control mortality exceeds
20 percent, the test shall be considered invalid. Chronic toxicity
occurs when the No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) (calculated
within a 95 percent confidence interval) exceed(s) the permit
limit(a). Test results shall be reported along with the Discharge
Monitoring Report (OMR) submitted for the end of the calendar period
during which the whole effluent test was run. The report shall
include all the physical testing as specified and shall report test
conditions, including temperature, pH, conductivity, mortality, total
residual chlorine concentration, central mortality, and statistical
methods used to calculate an NOEC.
If the results for one year (26 consecutive weeks) of whole effluent
testing indicate no chronic toxicity, the permittee may request, the
permit issuing authority to allow the permittee to reduce testing
frequency. The permit issuing authority may approve, partially
approve, or deny the request based on results and other available
information.
4. Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE)
If the permittee fails to meet toxicity requirements specified in this
permit, the permit issuing authority sihall determine that a TRE is
necessary. The permittee shall be so notified and shall initiate a
TRE immediately thereafter. The TRE Khali include a TRE Test Plan
that must be submitted to the permitting authority within 60 days
after notification of a TRE requirement. The permitting authority
will then establish a deadline for compliance. The purpose of the TRE
will be to establish the cause of the toxicity, locate the source(s)
of the toxicity, and control or provide treatment for the toxicity
prior to the deadline.
If acceptable to the permit issuing authority, this permit may be
reopened and modified to incorporate any additional numerical
limitations, a modified compliance schedule if judged necessary by the
permit issuing authority, and/or a modified whole effluent protocol.
Failure to conduct an adequate TRE, or failure to submit a plan or
program as described above, or the submittal of a plan or program
judged inadequate by the permit issuing authority, shall in no way
relieve the permittee from the deadline for compliance contained in
this permit.
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PART II
Page 9 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
II. MONITORING, RECORDING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
A. Representative Sampling. Samples taken in compliance with the
monitoring requirements established under Part I shall be collected
from the effluent stream prior to discharge into the receiving waters.
Samples and measurements shall be representative of the volume and
nature of the monitored discharge.
B. Monitoring Procedures. Monitoring must be conducted according to test
procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136, unless other test
procedures have been specified in this permit.
C. Penalties for Tampering. The Act provides that any person who
falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate, any
monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this
permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than
$10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than two years
per violation, or by both.
D. Reporting of Monitoring Results. Effluent monitoring results obtained
during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month and
reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report Form (EPA No. 3320-1),
postmarked no later than the 28th day of the month following the
completed reporting period. If no discharge occurs during the
reporting period, "no discharge" shall be reported. Until further
notice, sludge monitoring results may be reported in the testing
laboratory's normal format {there is no EPA standard form at this
time), but should be on letter size pages. Legible copies of these,
and all other reports required herein, shall be signed and certified
in accordance with the Signatory Requirements (see Part IV). and
submitted to the Director, Water Management Division and the State
water pollution control agency at the following addresses:
S.
F.
G.
original to:
copy to:
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Attention: Water Management Division
Compliance Branch
State Department of Health
Attention: Permits and Enforcement
Compliance Schedules. Reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or
any progress reports on interim and final requirements contained in
any Compliance Schedule of this permit shall be submitted no later
than 14 days following each schedule date.
Additional Monitoring by the Permittee. If the permittee monitors any
pollutant more frequently than required by this permit, using test
procedures approved under 40 CFR 136 or as specified in this permit,
the results of this monitoring shall be included in the calculation
and reporting of the data submitted in the DMR. Such increased
frequency shall also be indicated.
Records Contents. Records of monitoring information shall include:
1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
2. The initials or name(s) of the individual(s) who performed the
sampling or measurements;
3. The date(s) analyses were performed;
4. The time(s) analyses were initiated;
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PAJVT i:
Page 10 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
5. The initials or name(a) of indiyidual(s) who performed the
analyses;
6. References and written procedures, when available, for the
analytical techniques or methods used; and,
7. The results of such analyses, including the bench sheets,
instrument readouts, computer disks or tapes, etc., used to
determine these results.
H. Retention of Records. The permittee shall retain records of all
monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance
records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous
monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this
permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for
this permit, for a period of at least three years from the date of the
sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be
extended by request of the Director at Any time. Data collected on
site, copies of Discharge Monitoring Reports, and a copy of this NPDES
permit must be maintained on site during the duration of activity at
the permitted location.
I. Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncomolianee Reporting.
1. The permittee shall report any nonccmpliance which may seriously
endanger health or the environment as soon as possible, but no
later than twenty-four (24) hours from the tin* the permittee
first became aware of the circumstances. The report shall be
made to the EPA Emergency Response Branch at (312) 293-1788 and
the State at (312) 370-9395.
2. The following occurrences of noncompliance shall be reported by
telephone to the EPA Compliance Branch at (312) 293-1589 and the
State at (312) 331-4590 by the first workday (8:00 a.m. - 4:30
p.m.) following the day the permittee became aware of the
circumstances:
a. Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent
limitation in the permit (See Part III.G.. Bypass of
Treatment Facilities.);
b. Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the
permit (See Part III.H.. Upset Conditions.!s or,
c. violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of
the pollutants listed in the permit to be reported within 24
hours.
3. A written submission shall also be provided within five days of
the time that the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances.
The written submission shall contain:
a. A description of the noncompliance and its cause;
b. The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and
times;
c. The estimated time noncompliance is expected to continue if
it has not been corrected; and,
d. Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent
reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
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PAST II
Page U of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
The Director may waive the written report on a case-by-caae basis
if the oral report has been received within 24 hours by the
Compliance Branch, Water Management Division by phone, (312) 293-
1589.
5. Reports shall be submitted to the
Reporting of Monitoring Results.
addresses in Part II.P..
Other Noncomoliance Reporting. Instances of noncompliance not
required to be reported within 24 hours shall be reported at the time
that monitoring reports for Part II.D. are submitted. The reports
shall contain the information listed in Part II.I.2.
Inspection and Entry. The permittee shall allow the Director, or an
authorized representative, upon the presentation of credentials and
other documents as may be required by law, to:
1. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or
activity is located or conducted, or where records must be kept
under the conditions of this permit;
2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that
must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
3. inspect at reasonable times any facilities/ equipment (including
monitoring and control equipment), practices, or operations
regulated or required under this permit; and,
4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purpose of
assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Act,
any substances or parameters at any location.
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Page 12 of 19
Permit No-: IL06S4321
III. COMPLIANCE RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Duty to Comply. The permittee must comply with all conditions of this
permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Act
and is grounds for- enforcement action; for permit termination,
revocation and reissuance, or modification; or for denial of a permit
renewal application. The permittee shall give the Director advance
notice of any planned changes at the permitted facility or of an
activity which may result in permit noncompliance.
B. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions. The Act provide* that
any person who violates a permit condition implementing Sections 301,
302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act is subject to a civil
penalty not to exceed $25,000 per day of such violation. Any person
who willfully or negligently violates purmit conditions implementing
Sections 301, 302, 306, 307, or 308 of the Act is subject to a fine of
not less than $5,000, nor more than $50,000 per day of violation, or
by imprisonment for not more than 3 years, or both. Except as
provided in permit conditions in Part III.G.. Bypass of Treatment
Facilities and Part III.H.. Upset Conditions, nothing in this permit
shall be construed to relieve the permittee of the civil or criminal
penalties for noncompliance.
C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense. It shall not be a
defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have
been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to
maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
D. Duty to Mitigate. The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to
minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this permit which
has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the
environment.
E. Proper Operation and Maintenance. The permittee shall at all times
properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment
and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by
the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of this
permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes. adequate
laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures.
This provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary
facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only
when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the
conditions of the permit. However, the permittee shall operate, as a
minimum, one complete set of each main line unit treatment process
whether or not this process is needed to achieve permit effluent
compliance.
F. Removed Substances. Collected screenings, grit, solids, sludges, or
other pollutants removed in the course at treatment shall be buried or
disposed of in such a manner so as to prevent any pollutant from
entering any waters of the state or creating a health hazard. Filter
backwash shall not be directly blended with or enter either the final
plant discharge and/or waters of the United States.
G. Bypass of Treatment Facilities;
1. Bypass not exceeding limitations. The permittee may allow any
bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be
exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to
assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to
the provisions of paragraphs 2. and 3. of this section.
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PART III
Page 13 of 19
Permit No.: ILQ654321
2.
Notice:
a. Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of
the need for a bypass, it shall submit prior notice, if
possible at least 60 days before the date of the bypass.
b. Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit notice of
an unanticipated bypass as required under Part II.I..
Twenty-four Hour Reporting.
3. Prohibition of bypass.
a. Bypass is prohibited and the Director may take enforcement
action against a permittee for a bypass, unless:
(1) The bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life,
personal injury, or severe property damage;
(2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass,
such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities,
retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during
normal periods of equipment downtime. This condition
is not satisfied if adequate back-up equipment should
have been installed in the exercise of reasonable
engineering judgement to prevent a bypass which
occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime
or preventive maintenance; and,
(3) The permittee submitted notices as required under
paragraph 2. of this section.
b. The Director may approve an anticipated bypass, after
considering its adverse effects, if the Director determines
that it will meet the three conditions listed above in
paragraph 3.a. of this section.
H. Upset Conditions.
1. Effect of an upset. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense
to an action brought for noncompliance with technology based
permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph 2.
of this section are met. No determination made during
administrative review of claims that noncoropliance was caused by
upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final
administrative action subject to judicial review (i.e..
Permittees will have the opportunity for a judicial determination
on any claim of upset only in an enforcement action brought for
noncompliance with technology-based permit effluent limitations) .
2. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset... -A permittee
who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset shall
demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating
logs, or other relevant evidence that:
a. An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the
cause(s) of the upset;
b. The permitted facility was at the time being properly
operated;
c. The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required
under Part II. I., Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncompliance
Reporting; and,
d. The permittee complied with any remedial measures required
under P_art III.P., Duty to Mitigate.
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PART III
Page 14 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
3. Burden of proof. In any enforcement proceeding, the permittee
seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has the burden of
proof.
Toxic Pollutants. The permittee shall comply with effluent standards
or prohibitions established under Section 307 (a) of the Act for toxic
pollutants within the time provided in the regulations that establish
those standards or prohibitions, even if the permit has not yet been
modified to incorporate the requirement.
Chances in Discharge of Toxic Substances. Notification shall be
provided to the Director as soon as the permittee knows of, or has
reason to believe:
1. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result
in the discharge, on a routine or frequent basis, of any toxic
pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge
will exceed the highest of the following "notification levels":
a. One hundred micrograms per liter (100 ug/L);
b. Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 ug/L) for acrolein and
acrylonitrile; five hundred mj.crograms per liter {500 ug/L)
for 2 , 4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4, 6-dinitrophenol;
and one milligram per liter (1 mg/L) for antimony;
c. Five (5) times the maximum cor. cent rat ion value reported for
that pollutant in the permit application in accordance with
40 CFR 122.21(g)(7); or,
d. The level established by the Director in accordance with 40
CFR 122.44(f).
2. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result
in any discharge, on a non-routine or infrequent basis, of a
toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that
discharge will exceed the highest of the following "notification
levels":
a. Five hundred micrograms per liter {500 ug/L);
b. One milligram per liter (1 mg/L) for antimony:
c. Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value reported for
that pollutant in the permit application in accordance with
40 CFR 122.21(g)(7); or,
d. The level established by the Director in accordance with 40
CFR 122.44(f).
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PAST IV
Page IS of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
IV. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Planned Chanaea. The permittee shall give notice to the Director as
soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions to
the permitted facility. Notice is required only when:
1. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one
of the criteria for determining whether a facility is a new
source as determined in 40 CFR 122.29(b); or
2. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature
or increase the quantity of pollutants discharged. This
notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to
effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification
requirements under Part IV.A.I.
B. Anticipated Noncomoliance. The permittee shall give advance notice of
any planned changes in the permitted facility or activity which may
result in noncorapliance with permit requirements.
C. Permit Actions. This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or
terminated for cause. The filing of a request by the permittee for a
permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance, does not
stay any permit condition.
D. Duty to Reapplv. If the permittee wishes to continue an activity
regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit, the
permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit. The application
should be submitted at least 180 days before the expiration date of
this permit.
E. Duty to Provide Information. The permittee shall furnish to the
Director, within a reasonable time, any information which the Director
may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking
and reissuing, or terminating this permit, or to determine compliance
with this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the Director,
upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.
F. Other Information. When the permittee becomes aware that it failed to
submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted
incorrect information in a permit application or any report to the
Director, it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
G. Signatory Requirements. All applications, reports or information
submitted to the Director shall be signed and certified.
1. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:
a. For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer;
b. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general
partner or the proprietor, respectively;
c. For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency:
by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected
official.
2. All reports required by the permit and other information
requested by the Director shall be signed by a person described
above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A
person is a duly authorized representative only if:
a. The authorization is made in writing by a person described
above and submitted to the Director, and,
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PART IV
Page 16 of 19
Permit No.: IL06S4321
b. The authorization specified either an individual or a
position having responsibility for the overall operation of
the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of
plant manager, operator of a well or a well field,
superintendent, position of equivalent responsibility, or an
individual or position having overall responsibility for
environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized
representative may thus be either a named individual or any
individual occupying a named jjosition.)
3. Changes to authorization. If an authorization under paragraph
IV.c.2. is no longer accurate because a different individual or
position has responsibility for the overall operation of the
facility, a new authorization satisfying the requirements of
paragraph IV.G.2. must be submitted to the Director prior to or
together with any reports, information, or applications to be
signed by an authorized representative.
4. Certification. Any person signing a document under this section
shall make the following certification:
"I certify under penalty of law that this document and all
attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in
accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified
personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted.
Based on my inquiry of the person or person* who manage the
system, or those persona directly responsible for gathering, the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. X am aware
that there are significant penalties for submitting false
information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment
for knowing violations.*
H. Penalties for^ Falsification of Reports. The Act provides that any
person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or
certification in any record or other docximent submitted or required to
be maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or
reports of compliance or nonconipliance shall, upon conviction be
punished by a fine of not more than 5:10,000 per violation, or by
imprisonment for not more than two yeans per violation, or by both.
I. Availability of Reports. Except for data determined to be
confidential under 40 CFR Part 2, all reports prepared in accordance
with the terms of this permit shall be available for public inspection
at the office* of the State water pollution control agency and the
Director. As required by the Act, permit applications, permits and
effluent data shall not be considered confidential.
J. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability. Nothing in this permit shall
be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or
relieve the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or
penalties to which the permittee is or may be subject under
Section 311 of the Act.
K. Coast Guard. If the Permittee operates its facility at certain times
as a means of transportation over water, the Permittee shall comply
with any applicable regulations promulgated by the Secretary of the
department in which the Coast Guard '.s operating, that establish
specifications for safe transportation, handling, carriage, and
storage of pollutants.
L. Property Rights. The issuance of this permit does not convey any
property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it
authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal
rights, nor any infringement of federal, state or local laws or
regulations.
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PART IV
Page 17 of 19
Permit No.: IL06S4321
M. Sever ability. The provisions of this permit are sever able, and if any
provision of this permit, or the application of any provision of this
permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such
provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit,
shall not be affected thereby.
N. Transfers. This permit may be automatically transferred to a new
permittee if:
1. The current permittee notifies the Director at least 30 days in
advance of the proposed transfer date;
2. The notice includes a written agreement between the existing and
new permittees containing a specific date for transfer of permit
responsibility, coverage, and liability between them; and,
3. The Director doe* not notify the existing permittee and the
proposed new permittee of his or her intent to modify, or revoke
and reissue the permit. If this notice is not received, the
transfer is effective on the date specified in the agreement
mentioned in paragraph 2. above.
O. State Laws. Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the
institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to
any applicable state law or regulation under authority preserved by
Section 510 of the Act.
P. Reopener Provision. This permit may be reopened and modified
(following proper administrative procedures) to include the
appropriate effluent limitations (and compliance schedule, if
necessary), or other appropriate requirements if one or more of the
following events occurs:
1. Water Quality Standards; The water quality standards of the
receiving water(s) to which the permittee discharges are modified
in such a manner as to require different effluent limits than
contained in this permit.
2. Wasteload Allocation; A wasteload allocation is developed and
approved by the State and/or EPA for incorporation in this
permit.
3. Water Quality Management Plan; A revision to the current water
quality management plan is approved and adopted which calls for
different effluent limitations than contained in this permit.
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?AHT IV
Page IS of 19
Permit No.: ILQ654321
Q. Toxicitv Limitation-Reooener Provision. This permit may be reopened
and modified (following proper administrative procedures) to include
a new compliance date, additional or modified numerical limitation*,
a new or different compliance schedule, ,i change in the whole effluent
protocol, or any other conditions related to the control of toxicants
if one or more of the following events occur:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Toxieity was detected late in the life of the permit near or past
the deadline for compliance.
The TRE results indicate that compliance with the toxic limits
will require an implementation schedule past the date for
compliance and the permit issuing authority agrees with the
conclusion.
The TRE results indicate that the toxicant(s) represent
pollutant(s) that may be controlled with specific numerical
limits, and the permit issuing authority agrees that numerical
controls are the most appropriate course of action.
Following the implementation of numerical controls on toxicants,
the permit issuing authority agrees that a modified whole
effluent protocol is necessary to compensate for those toxicants
that are controlled numerically.
The TRE reveals other unique conditions or characteristics which,
in the opinion of the permit issuing authority, justify the
incorporation of unanticipated special conditions in the permit.
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Page 19 of 19
Permit No.; IL0654321
V. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Beat Management Practices (BMP) Plan
A BMP plan shall be developed within six month* of permit reissuance,
addressing each of the nine specific requirements described in the
June 1981 EPA document, NPDES BMP Guidance Document;. Emphasis shall
be placed on good housekeeping practices, visual inspection, and
preventative maintenance.
The BMP plan shall be written up and delivered to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency no later than February 5, 1990.
B. 8MP yiBPleraentation
The BMP plan shall be fully implemented within twelve months of permit
reissuance. An implementation report shall be delivered to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency no later than August S, 1990.
C. Site-gpqeifle BMPs
The following site-specific BMPs shall be included:
1. Tank Number 42: Remedial action is required to repair the damaged
tank. This shall include transfer of the contents to another
vessel
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EXAMPLE FACT SHEET
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10-38
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NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) PERMIT
FACT SHEET
Permittee Name:
NPDES Permit
Number:
Mailing Address
Location:
Contact Person:
Telephone:
Luster Glass, Inc.
IL0654321
P.O. Box 319
Morris, IL 60123
1 River Ridge Drive
Morris, IL 60123
Mr. John Baker, Vice President
(312) 834-4536
I.
Status of Permit
NPDES Permit No. IL0654321 was issued on August 5, 1984, became
effective on August 31, 1984, and expired on August 31, 1989. The
permittee submitted an NPDES permit application for the renewal of
the permit on March 1, 1989.
II. Facility Description
Luster Glass Inc. operates a manufacturing facility in Morris, IL.
The facility specializes in manufacturing auto glass. On average,
40,000 sq. ft./day of auto tempered glass, and 275,000 sq. ft./day
of auto laminated glass is produced at the facility.
Ill. Description of Discharge
All wastewater generated at this facility is discharged through
Outfall 001 to the Illinois River. The primary waste streams
discharged through Outfall 001 are process and rinse waters from
the glass manufacturing processes and cooling tower blowdown. The
glass manufacturing process wastewaters from auto glass tempering
(cutting, grinding, polishing edges, bending, and tempering) and
auto glass lamination (cutting, bending, washing, and laminating)
are routed through a wastewater treatment system consisting of oil
and water separators and settling basins. The cooling tower
blowdown is not treated prior to discharge.
IV. Receiving Water
The receiving water for Outfall 001 is the Illinois River, Segment
16 of the Northern Illinois River Basin. Downstream of the
facility, the Illinois River flows approximately 3 miles to Segment
15 of the Northern Illinois River Basin. Following is a summary of
flow data for Segment 16 of the Illinois River:
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Fact Sheet
Page 2 of 21
Average Flow - 446.7 cfs
Harmonic Mean Flow - 245.5 cfs
7Q10 - 70.9 cfs
1Q10 - 58.8 cfs
The use designations for the Illinois River are given below:
Indigenous Aquatic Life
The applicable water quality standards to protect these uses are
specified the State Water Pollution Control Rules in Part 302
{State Administrative Code, Title 35 - Environmental Protection;
Subtitle C - Water Pollution, Chapter 1; adopted March 17, 1980).
The effluent standards are found in Part 304.
V. Description of Discharge
a. Permit Application Summary
The following table summarizes the discharge characteristics of
Outfall 001 as reported in the NPDES permit application dated March
1, 1989:
Long-Term Daily
Parameter Average Maximum
Flow (MOD) 4.563 4.591
TSS (mg/1) 18.8 50.0
COD (mg/1) ND 50.0
pH (S.U.) 6.6 min. 9.0 max.
Oil & Grease (mg/1) 12 22
Phosphorus (Ibs/day) 19 29
Zinc (mg/1) 0.036 0.07
Lead (mg/1) 0.025 0.047
Note: Only data for parameters reported above detection limits are
shown above.
b. Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Data
A summary of DMR data is given in Table l. This data was taken
from March 1988 through February 1989.
Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing performed during the last
year of the permit term (March 1988 to February 1989) demonstrated
acute toxicity at Outfall 001. Test results indicated a fathead
minnow LC50 of 8 percent and a Ceriodaphr.ia LC50 of 15.8 percent.
Chronic Toxicity tests also demonstrated toxicity at Outfall 001.
Chronic toxicity test results indicated a fathead minnow NOEC of
1.3 percent and a Ceriodaphnia NOEC of 2.7 percent. A summary of
WET data for Luster is also presented in Table 1.
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Fact Sheet
Page 3 of 21
VI. Proposed Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
Regulations promulgated at 40 CFR §122.44(a) require technology-
based effluent limitations to be placed in NPDES permits based on
National effluent limitations guidelines and standards, best
professional judgement (BPJ), or a combination of the two.
Discharges from Outfall 001 are subject to effluent limitations
given in 40 CFR Part 426 for the Glass Manufacturing Point Source
Category, and State effluent and water quality standards.
Limits were developed for Luster Glass Inc. based on an evaluation
of the permit application and DMRs. Lead and zinc were detected in
significant concentrations in the discharge as reported in DMRs.
While the previous permit did not contain limits for lead and zinc,
monitoring was required. Thus, technology-based effluent limits
were set for zinc found in the cooling tower blowdown. Technology-
based limits were also established for lead which is found in the
process wastewater, however water quality-based limits were found
to be more limiting (see Section VII of this Fact Sheet).
Effluent mass limits for total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus,
and oil and grease are based on the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT) limitations specified for the
Automotive Glass Tempering Subcategory in 40 CFR §426.62 and for
the Automotive Glass Laminating Subcategory in 40 CFR §426.72.
These limitations are shown below:
Automotive Glass Tempering Subcategorv
Pollutant
TSS
Oil and Grease
Effluent Limits
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
(Ib/lQOOft2) (Ib/lOOOft2)
0.25
0.13
0.40
0.13
pH shall be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 standard units.
Automotive Glass Laminating Subcategory
Effluent Limits
Month
Pollutant
Monthly Avg.
(lb/1000ft2)
Daily Max.
(Ib/I000ft:)
TSS
Oil and Grease
Phosphorus
0.90
0.36
0.22
0.90
0 .36
0.22
pH shall be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 standard units.
10-41
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Fact Sheet
Page 4 of 21
Effluent limitations for oil and grease, TSS, phosphorus, and pH
from the process wastewater contribution to Outfall 001 are
calculated using the above effluent limits and the production rates
of 40,000 square feet per day of tempered glass and 275,000 square
feet per day of laminated glass. The TSS effluent limitations for
cooling tower blowdown are based on State Effluent Standards for
TSS in non-process wastewaters, including cooling tower blowdown.
Calculations of the effluent limitations are shown below. It
should be noted that both mass and concentration limits will be
applied to Outfall 001 for oil and grease, TSS, and phosphorus.
Oil and Grease
Mass Limitations (Monthly Average and Daily Maximum)
Oil & Grease * (40,000 ftVday (tempered.) x 0.13 lb/1000 ft3) +
(275,000 ftVday (laminated) x 0.36 lb/1000 ft2) = 5.2 + 99 = 104.2
Ibs/day
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average and Daily
Maximum)
Oil & Grease = (104.2 Ibs/day) (454 g/ 1 .:.b) (1000 mg/ 1 g) (1 gal/
3.785 1)(1 day/ 4.563 106 gal) = 2.74 rag/1
TSS
Mass Limitations - Process Wastewater (Monthly Average)
TSS = [(40,000 ftVday (tempered) x 0.25 lb/1000 ft2) + (275,000
ftVday (laminated) x 0.9 lb/1000 ft2) ] /1000 = 257.5 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Process Wastewater (Daily Maximum)
TSS = [(40,000 ftVday (tempered) x 0.4 lb/1000 ft2) + (275,000
ftVday (laminated) x 0.9 lb/1000 ft2)]/10:)0 = 263.5 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Cooling Tower Blowdown (Monthly Average)
TSS' = (25 mg/l)(0.45 106 gal/day) (1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal) =
93.8 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Cooling Tower Blowdown (Daily Maximum)
TSS = (50 mg/l)(0.45 106 gal/day)(l lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal) =
187.6 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average)
TSS = 257.5 Ibs/day + 93.8 Ibs/day = 351. j Ibs/day
10-42
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Fact Sheet
Page 5 of 21
Mass Limitations - Outfall 001 (Daily Maximum)
TSS = 263.5 Ibs/day + 187.6 Ibs/day = 451.1 Ibs/day
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average)
TSS = (351.3 Ibs/day) (454,000 mg/lb) (1 gal/3.785 1) (day /4.563 106
gal) =9.23 mg/1
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Daily Maximum)
TSS = (451.1 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.S63 106
gal) = 11.86 mg/1
Phosphorus
Mass Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average and Daily Maximum)
Phosphorus = 275,000 ftVday (laminated) x 0.06 lb/1000 ft2) =16.5
Ibs/day
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average and Daily
Maximum)
Phosphorus = (16.5 Ibs/day) (454,000 mg/lb) (1 gal/3.785 1) (day
/4.S63 106 gal) =0.43 mg/1
EH
pH limits are based on State effluent standards, as follows:
State Effluent Standards
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pollutant /Parameter Range (mg/1) (mcr/l)
pH 6.0-9.0 N/A N/A
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Pact Sheet
Page 6 of 21
Toxic Pollutants
Zinc and lead were detected in the effluent discharge when the
previous permit was issued. At that time no limits were set, but
a requirement was made to monitor for zi:ic and lead. Significant
concentrations of zinc (used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling
water) and lead (from lead soldering of products) have been found,
as reported in DMRs. Therefore, technology-based effluent
limitations are being established and will be included in the draft
permit.
Technology-based effluent limitations for the toxic pollutant zinc
present in the cooling tower blowdown are based on the transfer of
the best available technology economically achievable (BAT)
limitations specified in the Steam Electric Effluent Guidelines and
Standards at 40 CPR §423.13 (d) (1) . These limitations are shown
below:
BAT Effluent Limitations
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pollutant (ma/1) (mg/1)
Zinc (total) 1.0 1.0
Using the average blowdown flow from the cooling towers (0.45 mgd),
monthly average and daily maximum mass limitations are calculated
as follows:
Zinc = (1.0 mg/1)(0.45 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
=3.75 Ibs/day
Equivalent end-of-pipe concentration effluent limitations are also
being established in the draft permit. Using the total Outfall 001
flow (4.563 mgd), monthly average and daily maximum concentration
limitations are calculated as follows:
Zinc = (3.75 Ibs/day) (454,000 mg/lb) (1 gal/3.785 1) (day /4.S63 106
gal) =0.10 mg/1
Technology-based effluent limitations for lead found in the process
wastewaters are based on transfer of BAT limitations specified in
the Metal Finishing Effluent Guidelines and Standards at 40 CFR
§433.14(a). These limitations, which are based on the performance
of lime precipitation and sedimentation, are shown below.
BAT Effluent Limitations
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pollutant (ma/1) (ma/1)
Lead (total) 0.43 0.69
10-44
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Fact Sheet
Page 7 of 21
Due to the potential for dilution of the treated process
wastewaters by the cooling tower blowdown wastewaters, both mass
and concentration limitations are established. Using the average
process flow (4.113 mgd), mass limitations are calculated as
follows:
Monthly Average
Lead = (0.43 tng/1) (4.113 10* gal/day) (1 lb/454,000 mg) (3.785 1/gal)
= 14.74 Ibs/day
Daily Maximum
Lead = (0.69 tng/1) (4.113 106 gal/day) (1 lb/454,000 mg) (3.785 1/gal)
= 23.66 Ibs/day
Equivalent end-of-pipe concentration effluent limitations are also
being established in the draft permit. Using the total Outfall 001
flow (4.563 mgd), concentration limitations are calculated as
follows:
Monthly Average
Lead = (14.74 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.563 106
gal) = 0.38 mg/1
Daily Maximum
Lead = (23.66 Ibs/day) (454,000 mg/lb) (l gal/3.785 1) (day /4.563 106
gal) - 0.62 mg/1
VII. Proposed Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations
The State water quality standards require that point source
discharges shall not cause a violation of any applicable water
quality standards nor interfere with the attainment or maintenance
of that water quality which assures the protection and propagation
of a balanced indigenous population of shellfish, fish, and
wildlife and allows recreational activities in and on the water.
In addition, a requirement of the State water quality standards is
that no effluent shall, alone or in combination with other sources,
cause a violation of any applicable water quality standard.
Temperature
Temperature limits are based on State water quality standards as
follows:
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Fact Sheet
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State ...Water Quality Limits
Pollutant/Parameter Range
Temperature Not greater than 2.8°C above ambient, or
1. 7°C above the i: oil owing maximum limits:
in December through March, 16°C (60°F)
and in April through November, 32°C (90°F)
Toxic Pollutants
Based on evaluation of the NPDES permit application and DMR data
submitted by Luster Glass Inc., the following pollutants and
parameters for which applicable State water quality standards are
available are present in Outfall 001: lead and zinc. Based on the
fact that no other toxic pollutants are expected to be present in
Outfall 001 at significant concentrations, evaluation for
compliance with water quality standards will only be performed for
lead and zinc.
The State water quality regulations require that water quality
standards be achieved under the following critical receiving water
flow conditions:
Chronic water quality standards:
7 day, 10 year return frequency flow (7Q10)
Acute water quality standards:
One-third (1/3) of the 7Q10 flow
The 7Q10 for the Illinois River is 70.9 cubic feet per second (cfs)
The facility provided a study of the outfall which showed that the
outfall quickly achieved complete mixing across the width of the
river. Dilution at the edge of the mixir.g zone can therefore be
characterized by the complete mixing equation:
Cr = (Cd){Qd) + (Cs){Qs)
(Qd + Qs)
where Cr = the receiving water concentration,
Cd = the effluent concentration,
Qd = the effluent flow,
Cs = the receiving water background concentration, and
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow.
The receiving water concentrations (Cr) expected in the Illinois
River are calculated using the equation described above, and the
following data:
10-46
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Pollutant
Lead
Effluent
Concentration (Cd)*
(ma/1)
0.38
Fact Sheet
Page 9 of 21
Receiving Water
Concentration (Cs)**
(ma/1)
0
Zinc
0.21
0.07
* - Maximum daily concentration reported in the application Form 2C
** - Source U.S.G.S. STORET
For comparison with acute water quality standards, receiving water
concentrations are calculated as follows:
Cr (lead) = [(0.38 mg/1)(7.06 cfs) + (0 mg/1)(23.6 cfs)]/(7.06 cfs
+ 23.6 cfs)
= 0.088 mg/1
Cr (zinc) = [ (0.21 mg/1) (7.06 cfs) + (0.07 mg/1) (23.6 cfs)]/(7.06
cfs * 23.6 cfs)
= 0.102 mg/1
For comparison with chronic water quality standards, receiving
water concentrations are calculated as follows:
Cr (lead) = [(0.38 mg/1)(7.06 cfs) + (0 mg/1)(70.9 cfs)]/(7.06 cfs
+ 70.9 cfs)
= 0.034 mg/1
Cr (zinc) = [(0.21 mg/1)(7.06 cfs) + (0.07 mg/1)(70.9 cfs)]/(7.06
cfs + 70.9 cfs)
= 0.083 mg/1
The following table compares each receiving water concentration
calculated above with the State Water Quality Standard for aquatic
life protection:
Pollutant
Zinc
Chronic
Acute
Lead
Chronic
Acute
State
Standard
(ucr/1)
110
120
3.2
82
Receiving Wate
Concentration
(|ia/l)
83
102
34
88
10-47
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Fact Sheet
Page 10 of 21
Since the calculated receiving water concentrations are less than
the criterion for zinc and greater than the criterion for lead,
water quality limits will be necessary for lead, but not for zinc.
It should be noted that the procedure us=d above does not account
for the variability of the pollutant: concentrations in the
effluent. The EPA Technical Support Document for Water Quality-
based Toxics Control recommends accounting for this variability by
calculating the reasonable potential ;:or pollutants to cause
exceedances of water quality standards. Specifically, the
reasonable potential is calculated using the maximum expected
effluent concentration, which is estimated by using a
multiplication factor (F) that incorporates both the coefficient of
variation (CV) and the number of effluent samples collected. If
this methodology were used with the existing data for Luster Glass,
Inc., there would be a reasonable potential for the concentration
of zinc in the discharge to exceed both the acute and chronic water
quality standards, and thus water quality permit limits will also
be calculated for zinc.
The following equation is used to calculate the effluent
concentrations [which is commonly referred to as the waste load
allocation (WLA) ] for lead and zinc that will ensure protection of
the State water quality standard.
Cd = WLA = Cr (Qd + Qs) - (Cs; (Qs)
Qd
where Cd - WLA = waste load allccation
Cr = the applicable water quality standard
Qd = the effluent flow =7.06 cfs
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow
Cs = the receiving water background concentration
Based on the following information, the waste load allocations for
lead and zinc are calculated.
Cr = Acute State Water Cs = Upstream
Pollutant Quality Standard Concentration
Lead 0.082 mg/1 0 mg/1
Zinc 0.12 mg/1 0.07 mg/1
Cr = Chronic State Water Cs = Upstream
Pollutant Quality Standard Concentration _
Lead 0.0032 mg/1 0 mg/1
Zinc 0.11 mg/1 0.07 mg/1
10-48
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Fact Sheet
Page 11 of 21
Lead (acute) Cd = [(0.082 mg/1)(7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs) - (0
mg/1) (23.6 cfs}] / 7.06 cfs
=0.36 mg/1
Lead (chronic) Cd = [(0.0032 mg/1) (7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs) - (0
mg/1) (70.9 cfs)]/ 7.06 cfs
= 0.04 mg/1
Zinc (acute) Cd = [(0.12 mg/1) (7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs) - (0.07
mg/1) (23.6 cfs)] / 7.06 cfs
=0.29 mg/1
Zinc (chronic) Cd = [(O.ll mg/1) (7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs) - (0.07
mg/1) (70.9 cfs)]/ 7.06 cfs = 0.51 mg/1
Given that all State water quality standards are expressed as never
to be exceeded (i.e., water quality-based limits must be protective
of the most stringent waste load allocation) , a maximum daily
limitation (MDL) and a average monthly limitation (AML) for lead
and zinc are calculated using the waste load allocations calculated
above. It should be noted that the ratio of daily maximum to
monthly average for the technology-based effluent limitations for
lead and zinc are used to derive the MDL and AML. Specifically,
these ratios are 1.6 for lead and 1.0 for zinc.
Lead - Since the chronic WLA is more limiting than the acute WLA
(i.e., 0.04 mg/1 < 0.36 mg/1), it will be used as the basis for
limitations. Since the chronic WLA can never be exceeded, 0.04
mg/1 is used as the MDL. The AML is calculated as follows:
0.04 mg/1
1.6
=0.03 mg/1
Zinc - Since the acute WLA is more limiting than the chronic WLA
(i.e., 0.29 mg/1 < 0.51 mg/1), it will be used as the basis for
limitations. Since the acute WLA can never be exceeded, 0.029 mg/1
is used as the MDL. The AML is calculated as follows:
0.29 mg/1
1.0
=0.29 mg/1
Comparing the chemical specific water quality-based limits
calculated above with the technology-based effluent limitations
calculated for Outfall 001 (see Section VI above), the water
quality-based limits for lead are more stringent than the
technology-based limits, so they will be used as the basis for
effluent limits in the permit- Since the technology-based effluent
limits for zinc are more stringent than the water quality-based
10-49
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Fact Sheet
Page 12 of 21
limits, the technology-based effluent limits will be used.
Equivalent end-of-pipe mass effluent limitations are also being
established in the draft permit. Using the total Outfall 001 flow
(4.563 mgd), mass limitations for lead are calculated as follows:
MDL = (0.04 mg/1) (4.563 106 gal/day) (1 It/454,000 mg) (3.785 1/gal)
=1.52 Ibs/day
AML = (0.03 mg/1)(4.563 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
-1.14 Ibs/day
Whole Effluent Toxicity
The previous NPDES permit issued to the Luster Glass facility
contained a requirement for conducting monthly acute and chronic
toxicity tests during the fourth and fifth year of the permit
(March 1988 through February 1989). The test species selected by
the facility was the fathead minnow, based on an initial comparison
of species sensitivity performed in February 1988. The results of
these toxicity tests were reviewed to determine whether an effluent
limit on toxicity should be developed for the permit.
The concentration of acute and chronic toxicity in the receiving
water is calculated and is then compared to the State water quality
standards. The receiving water concentrations for acute and
chronic toxicity were calculated using the following formula:
Cr = (Cd)(Qd) + (Cs)(Qs)
(Qd + Qs)
Where
Cr = receiving water concentration
Cd = effluent concentration
Qd = effluent flow
Cs = receiving water background concentration
Qs = appropriate receiving water f.!.ow
The following summarizes the toxicity data submitted by Luster
Glass for the period from March 1988 to February 1989:
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Fact Sheet
Page 13 of 21
Toxicity Data (Fathead minnows)
(% effluent)
NOEC
(% effluent;
58.0
25.2
55.0
46.3
44.8
5.9
67.8
3
50
52
32
41.7
50
3
10
30
25
1
10
1
30
10
3
30
All toxicity testing by Luster Glass involved the use of upstream
ambient water for the control and diluent, so that in all
calculations, the upstream toxicity is assumed to be zero. The
highest result of chronic toxicity measured was an NOEC equal to 1%
effluent. By dividing 1 into 100, the NOEC is converted to chronic
Toxic Units (TUC) . Similarly for acute toxicity, the highest acute
toxicity was measured at an LC50 equal to 3.9 % which converts to
25.6 TU..
The resultant receiving water concentration (Cr) in toxic units for
both acute and chronic toxicity are calculated using the following
data:
Cs = 0
Qs = 23.6 cfs (one third the 7Q10 for acute protection)
Qs = 70.9 cfs (the 7Q10 for chronic protection)
Qd = 7.06 cfs
Acute
Cr = (25.6 TO,} (7.06 cfs)/(7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs)
= 5.9 TU,
Chronic
Cr = (100 TUC) (7.06 cfs)/(7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs)
= 9.1 TUC
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Fact Sheet
Page 14 of 21
The State water quality standards for acu;e and chronic protection
are summarized below:
State Water Quality Standard for Acute Protection =0.3 TUa
State Water Quality Standard for Chronic Protection =1.0 TUC
WET limits would be necessary since the calculated receiving water
concentrations exceed the state water quality standards for both
acute and chronic protection:
For acute protection 5.9 TU, > 0.3 TU,
For chronic protection 9.1 TUC > 1.0 TUC
Using steady state assumptions, the WLAs were calculated using the
following formula:
Cd = [Cr(Qd + Qs)-(Cs)(Qs)] / Qd
where:
Cd = Concentration of the pollutant in the discharge, or waste
load allocation
Cr = State Water Quality Standard
for chronic protection = 1.0 TUt;
for acute protection = 0.3 TU,
Qd = Discharge flow =7.06 cfs
Qs = Appropriate receiving water flow
chronic flow (7Q10) =70.9 cfs
acute flow = 23.6 cfs
Cs = Receiving water or upstream concentration = 0
Assuming zero background toxicity, the limits are calculated as
follows:
WLA (acute) = [{0.3 TU.)(7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs)] - [(0)(23.6 cfs)]
7.06 Cfs
= 1.3 TU,
WLA (chronic) = [(1.0 TUC) (7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs)] - [(0) (70.9 cfs)]
—-_-—
= 11.0 TUC
An acute to chronic ratio (ACR) was calculated from the toxicity
data by taking the average ACR from each data set as follows:
10-52
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Fact Sheet
Page 15 of 21
(% effluent!
58.0
25.2
55.0
46.3
44.8
5.9
67.8
3.9
50.1
52.0
32.1
41.7
NOEC
effluent)
50
3
10
30
25
1
10
1
30
10
3
30
Average
ACR
1.16
8.40
5.50
1.54
1.79
5.9
6.78
3.9
1.67
5.20
10.7
4.5
The acute WLA (in TU.) are converted to TUC using the acute to
chronic ratio (ACR) as follows:
WLA {in TUi-c)
= 1.3 TU. * ACR
= 1.3 TUa * 4.5
= 5.9 TU,,
Given that all State water quality standards are expressed as never
to be exceeded (i.e., water quality-based limits must be protective
of the most stringent waste load allocation) , a maximum daily
limitation (MDL) and a average monthly limitation (AMD for WET
were calculated using the waste load allocations calculated above.
A ratio of daily maximum to monthly average of 1.6 is assumed for
WET based upon technolgy-based effluent limits for lead.
Since the acute WLA is more limiting than the chronic WLA (i.e.,
5.9 TUac < 11.0 TUC) , it will be used as the basis for limitations.
Since the acute WLA can never be exceeded, 5.9 TUac is used as the
MDL. The AML is calculated as follows:
5.9 TU,
1.6
= 3.7 TU,
The permittee shall conduct chronic toxicity tests according to
methods outlined in "Short Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms"
(EPA 600/4-89 001) .
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Fact Sheet
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VIII. Proposed Effluent Limitations
Table 2 summarizes the proposed effluent: limitations for Outfall
001. Proposed effluent limitations for zinc are based on BPJ. The
limitation for temperature is based on State water quality
standards. The proposed limitations for lead were calculated above
as chemical specific water quality-based limitations. The
remainder of the effluent limitations are based on BPT/BAT effluent
guidelines at 40 CFR Part 426 and State effluent standards.
IX. Monitoring Requirements
Monitoring for those pollutants expected to be present in Outfall
001 (i.e., TSS, oil and grease, phosphorus, lead, and zinc) will be
required once per week. Except for oil and grease, for which a
grab sample is required, 24-hour composite samples are required.
Temperature is to be monitored continuously during discharge.
Whole effluent toxicity testing for chronic toxicity shall be
conducted 2/month on a 24-hour composite sample of the final
effluent.
X. Special Conditions
Luster Glass Inc. will be required to update their existing Best
Management Practices (BMP) plan to address the potential for
leakage of gasoline from Tank Number 42 and nitric acid from the
drum storage area. Specifically, Luster Glass Inc. should
undertake the following two site-specific BMPs and incorporate them
into their plan. First, remedial action must be taken on Tank
Number 42 to repair the damaged tank. The gasoline must be
transferred to another vessel (e.g., tank truck) while the tank is
cleaned, repaired, welded or holes plugged. To prevent
environmental damage at this site in the future, the following BMPs
should be incorporated into the plan: visual inspection, secondary
containment, preventative maintenance, or some combination thereof.
Secondly, the drum storage area must be cleaned up by following
procedures such as the following: inventory the drums to identify
the contents and amounts of chemicals therein; inspect the drums
for deterioration or leaks, and segregate and adequately dispose of
the leaking or deteriorating drums,- remove and adequately dispose
of any contaminated soil; neatly stack t;he remaining drums in a
manner to eliminate hazards to humans or the environment by
isolating the drums from walkways or roadways, placing them on an
impervious pad, covering the storage area, diking the area, moving
the storage area away from the stream or some combination thereof.
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Fact Sheet
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XI. Information Sources
While developing effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and
special conditions for the draft permit, the following information
sources were used:
(1) EPA NPDES Application Forms 1 and 2C dated October 1980 and
February 1985, respectively.
(2) State Effluent Standards, Part 304 of the State Administrative
Code, Title 35 - Environmental Protection; Subtitle C - Water
Pollution, adopted March 17, 1980.
(3) Division files related to the Luster Glass Inc. NPDES Permit
No. IL0654321.
(4) State Water Quality Standards, Part 302 of the State
Administrative Code, Title 35 - Environmental Protection;
Subtitle C - Water Pollution, adopted March 17, 1980.
(5) EPA Technical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Toxics
Control.
(6) 40 CFR Parts 423, 433, and 426.
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Fact Sheet
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TABLE 1
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
LUSTER GLASS INC.
March 1988 through February 1989
Oil &
Flow (mgd) TSS Grease Phosphorus
Date Mon. Ava. Daily Max. db/d". (Ib/d) (Ib/d)
03-88 4.575 4.583 180.4 19 14
04-88 4.554 4.567
05-88 4.552 4.569
06-88 4.568 4.573 245.2 27 18
07-88 4.585 4.589
08-88 4.588 4.591
09-88 4.571 4.581 429.3 88 29
10-88 4.568 4.572
11-88 4.553 4.573
12-88 4.551 4.541 308.7 22 15
01-89 4.550 4.561
02-89 4.560 4.570
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Fact Sheet
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Date
03-88
04-88
05-88
06-88
07-88
08-88
09-88
10-88
11-88
12-88
01-89
02-89
TABLE l (Continued)
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
LUSTER GLASS INC.
March 1988 through February 1989
pH Temperature
(S.U.) (degrees F)
6.6 80
7.1 83
9.0 78
8.1 61
Zinc
(ma/1)
0.21
0.08
0.09
0.06
Lead
(mg/i:
0.10
0.17
0.12
0.38
COD
(ma/1)
50
10-57
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
LUSTER GLASS INC.
March 1988 through February 1989
Fact Sheet
Page 20 of 21
Toxicity Test Data
DATE
3/88
4/88
5/88
6/88
7/88
8/88
9/88
10/88
11/88
12/88
1/89
2/89
Unless otherwise indicated, acute toxicity
tests were conducted using fathead minnow and
reported as 48 hr. LC5,; ; chronic toxicity tests
were conducted using fathead minnows and
reported as 7 day NOEC.
(% effluent)
58.0
25.2
55.0
46.3
44.8
5.9
67.8
3.9
50.1
52.0
32.1
41.7
NOEC
(% effluent)
50
3
10
30
25
1
10
1
30
10
3
30
Toxicity tests using Ceriodaphnia dujbia 48 hour survival
(acute) and 7 day reproduction (chronic)
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Fact Sheet
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TABLE 2
PROPOSED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
NPDES PERMIT NO. IL0654321
DAILY MAXIMUM
MONTHLY AVERAGE
PARAMETER
Flow (mgd)
TSS
Oil & Grease
Phosphorous
PH
Temperature
Total Lead
Total Zinc
Whole Effluent
Toxicity (WET)
a/ pH shall be
b/ Not greater
LBS/DAY
Report
451.1
104 .2
16.5
a/
b/
1.52
3.75
c/
within the
MG/L
11.86
2.74
0.43
--
0 .04
0.10
range of
LBS/DA
Report
351.3
104.2
16.5
1.14
3.75
c/
6.0 - 9.0
Y MG/L
9.23
2.74
0.43
--
0.03
0.10
standard units
than 2.8 degrees Centigrade above ambient, or
c/
1.7 degrees Centigrade above the following maximum
limits:
December 1 through March 31
April 1 through November 30
16 deg C (60 deg F)
32 deg C (90 deg F)
Discharges of effluent with toxicity greater than the
following amounts are prohibited: Maximum Daily Chronic
Toxicity of 5.9 TU3, and Average Monthly Chronic Toxicity
of 3.7 TU..
10-59
-------
10-60
-------
EXAMPLE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
10-61
-------
10-62
-------
EXAMPLE
CONTENTS Of THE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
A brief expiamtkw foUows of the express statutory or regulatory precision on which permit requirements are based,
including appropriate iapoorting references to the Administrative Record required by 40 CFR S 124.9:
The following items are used to establish the basis of the draft permit:
(1) NPDES Permit No. LA0002933, effective date 2/17/80, expiration date 3/31/81.
(2) Consolidated Permit Application Forms No. 1 and 20 received 4/3/82.
(3) Louisiana Water Quality Criteria, LSCC, 1977.
(4) Louisiana Water Quality Management Plan, Department of Natural Resource*, including Appendix D
(Ponchartrain Basin) and Appendix F 'Mississippi River), Phase IL Vob. L
(5) 40 CFR Part 415 Subpart F, [47 ER 28260, 6/29/831.
(6) 40 CFR Part 415.65(b) (39 £R 9616, 3/12/74].
(7) Letter White (EPA) to Vlaoos (Vulcan) dated 3/29/76.
(8) Letter White (EPA) to Campbell (Vulcan) DAted 6/9/76.
(9) ROC Hafe (EPA) to Leonard (Vulcan) dated 11/10/76.
(10) 40 CFR Part 177,79 (d)(l) [48 ER 14146, 4/1/83].
(11) Letters Gordon (Vulcan) to McHam (EPA) dated 5/17/82 and 7/19/82.
(12) 40 CFR Part 401.17, 6/4/82.
(13) Letters Gordon (Vulcan) to Hale (EPA) dated 1/30/8L
(14) Discharge Monitoring Reports 1980-1962.
(15) 40 CFR Part I22£2(a)(3) [48 ER 14146, 4/1/83].
(16) 40 CFR Part 122.44(1)(2)(1) [48 ER 14146, 4/1/83].
(17) 40 CFR Part 415.65(b) [47 ER 28260, 6/29/82].
(18) 40 CFR Part 415.62(b) [47 £R 28260, 6/29/82].
'19) Final Development Document for Inorganic Chemicals,
EPA 440/1-82/007, June 1982.
(20) Letter Gordon (Vulcan) to Ferguson (EPA) dated 10/30/79.
(21) 40 CFR Part 1253(a)(2)(v) [44 £R 32948, 6/7/89, as amended at 45 fR 33512, 5/19/80).
(22) 40 CFR part 415^3(b) (47 £R 28260, 6/29/82].
(23) 40 CFR Part 12Z29(d)(2) [48 £R 14146, 4/1/83].
(24) 40 CFR Part 14LJ2 (40 £R 59570, 12/24/75, as amended at 44 £R 68641, 11/29/79.
(25) Preamble to Inomak Chemical Effluent Limitations Guidelines 47 FR 28263, 6/29/82, Column 3].
(26) ROC McHam (EPA) to Gordon (Vulcan) dated 5/25/83.
(27) EPA Treatabffity Manual, EPA 600/2-82/001, September 1982 (Revised).
(28) Work, Book for
Division; prepared by Putnam, Hayes & Baitlett, Inc.. August 1982.
(29) Mood^s Industrial Manual 1982, pp. 4602-4605
(30) C £ Plant Cost Index. Chemical Engineering Magazine, 6/13/83, page 7.
A.£llisvflHifv f°r NPO^g Pffrt"te prepared for Hap Thron, Permits
10-63
-------
10-64
-------
EXAMPLE RESPONSE TO COMMENTS
10-65
-------
10-66
-------
RESPONSE TO .COMMENTS
FINAL PERMIT DECISION
This is our response to comments received on the subject draft permit in
accordance with regulations promulgated at 40 CFR Part 124.17.
Permit No. " LA0006181
Applicant: Allied Chemical Corporation
P.O. Box 226
Geisaar, Louisiana 70734
Issuing Office: U.S. Environaental Protection Agency
Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas. Texas 75202-2733
Prepared By: Edward C. McHaa, Engineer
Industrial Permits Section (6W-PI)
Peraits Branch
Water Manageaent Division
(214) 655-7180
Permit Action: Final perait decision and response to comments
received on the draft permit publicly noticed on
7/7/84.
Date Prepared: 9/5/84
Unless otherwise stated, citations to 40 CFR refer to promulgated regulations
listed at Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, revised as of 7/1/83.
The following comments have been received on the draft permit:
Letter Dessert (Allied) to Caldvell (EPA) dated 7/30/84
ISSUE NO. 1
The draft perait establishes bioaonitoring requirements at Outfall 004. The
company requests deletion of these requirements.
RESPONSE NO. 1
The request is denied.
The permittee states that biomonitoring will be duplicative and unnecessary
because:
(1) EPA has identified the toxic pollutants of concern.
(2) The proposed permit places BAT limits and monitoring requireT.ar.es
on these pollutants.
10-67
-------
PERMIT HO. LA0006181 RESPONSE. TO COMMENTS
(3) The BAT limits are more restrictive than water quality-based
limitations.
(4) Biomonitoring results could be distorted and masked by the osmotic
stress on test organisms exerted by the salts present in an H-
plant effluent.
The biomonitoring method is * standardized method used throughout EPA Region 6
to measure the toxicity of various effluents which contain toxic components.
The test is not based on water quality impacts of a specific receiving scream.
Under Section 308 of the Clean Water Act, EPA Region 6 has the authority to
require permittees to support development of data bases such as those
associated with toxics. Therefore, biomonitoring requirements as established
in the draft permit are retained in the fir A! permit.
10-68
-------
Chevron
0 P
»!*!
S:-jrt5**"
Chevron Chemical Company
PO. 80178. Si. Jamss. W /D086 • Phone (5Q4| 473 7946
January 12, 1990
CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT I P 965 729 397
Ms. Ellen Caldwell
Permits Branch (6W-PS)
U.S. EPA Region VI
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
SUBJECT: CHEVRON CHEMICAL COMMENTS
NPDES PERMIT NO. LA0029963
Dear Ms. Caldwell:
We have reviewed draft NPDES Permit No. LA0029963 for Chevron
Chemical's St. James Plant issued for public comment by the EPA on
December 16, 1989. We have the following comments:
1. As represented in the Fact Sheet (Part VIII.Section c l), we
understand an administrative order will be issued concurrent
with the final permit decision. We understand the
administrative order will establish interim limits which will
be in,effect until 2/1/91, when our upgraded effluent treatment
plant will be operational. As a result, we have not reviewed,
and are not providing comments on the draft permit relative to
it being in effect during the interim period (i.e. from final
permit issuance to 2/1/91).
2. We want to clarify that the discharge description included in
Part V of the Fact Sheet is representative of our current
facility discharge. Following completion of our ongoing
facility expansion, the concentration of pollutants in our
discharge will significantly decrease and the discharge flowrate
will increase from current levels. These changes to our
. discharge were detailed in our submittals to the EPA and have
been properly recognized in development of the proposed perr.it
limits.
3. We request that you change the pH of the outfall 002 frcm 9.0
to 10.0. The plant's clarified water and firewater is purchased
and is lime softened with a pH of 10. This water has a high pH
but a low alkalinity and is not hazardous to personnel nor to
the environment.
In the last 6 months we have had 2 permit «
these water systems. In the first instance, b
the paved areas of the plant with firewater, we
pH limit. In the second instance, a number of clarified^a.er
- JAN 18'550
ceeded the 9.C
10-69
OVV'-ro
-------
and firewater lines failed due to the hard December freeze.
This water overflowed the retention pond and again we had a
permit exceedence.
He have developed and have begun implementing a plan to
eliminate continuous sources of high pH water currently
discharged to our retention pond. This work will be completed
by the 1/1/91. He therefore feel iihat a change of the pH limit
on Outfall 002 from 9.0 to 10.0 would not endanger people nor
the environment and would eliminate nuisance excursions.
We appreciated receiving the well-organized and readable fact sheet
which clearly established the basis for the permit requirements.
Although the proposed permit limits are substantially lower than those
in our previous permit, we expect to be able to achieve and maintain
compliance once our upgraded effluent treatment plant is fully
operational.
If you have any questions or wish to discuss our comments further,
please do not hesitate to contact me or my staff.
Very truly yours.
T P. Teichman
LLR/vho
10-70
-------
e
r
S
s
e
t
t
-------
r
t
t
-------
FORM
1
&EPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
GENERAL INFORMATION
Consolidated Permits Program.
'Rted f.f "Gfnerat Imtrue'.io'.s" brfo'e Hsn-^t.:
I. EPA I.D. NUMBER
Fl
, NUMBER N-
x \
\
\
\ \
vjll. FACILITY NAME
'\ \
X
\
X \ \ ^
II. POLLUTANT!
If a preprinted label has been provided, affix
it in tr.e designated space. Review the inform-.
ation carefully, if any of it is incorrect, cross
tnrougi it and enter the correct da:a in the
appropriate fill—in area below. A'so. if ar>y of
the preprinted data is absent {the area to the
loft of the label space lisa the information
that should appear!, please provide it in the
crops- fill—in areafsl below, if the laoei is
complete and correct, you need not complete
Items I. Ill, V, and Vt (except VI-8 which
must be completed regardless/. Complete all
items if no label has been provided. Refer to
the instructions for detailed item descrip-
tions and for the legal authorizations under
which this data is collected.
INSTRUCTIONS: Complete A through J to determine whether you need to submit any permit application forms to the EPA. If you answer "yes" to any
questions, you must submit this form and the supplemental form listed in the parenthesis fallowing the question. Marie "X" in the box in the third column
if the supplemental form is attached. If you answer "no" to each question, you need not submit any of these forms. You may answer "no" if your activity
is excluded from permit requirements; see Section C of the instructions. See also. Section D of the instructions for definitions of bald-faced terms.
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
**.* '*'
Is :n:$ fac.i:ty a publicly owned treatment works
which 'esuUs n a discharge ta waters of the U.S.?
Uv' 2A<
B. Does or will this facility (either existing or proposed)
include a concentrated animal feeding operation or
•quatte animal production facility which results in a
discharge to waters of the U.S.> (FORM 281
"C n this a tao.iiv -.vnicn cui-rentiy 'esuds in discharges
to waters of the U.S. o;he< t-rart those descnOed in
A or S above' ; or ratura! ea». or mject fluids for storage of liquid ;
hydrocarbjns? (FQ3M 4'r
I
Do YOU or will you inject at this facility fluids for spe-
cial processes such at mining of sulfur by the Frasch
process, solution mining of minerals, irt situ combus-
tion of fossil fuel, or recovery of geotherrnal energy?
fFORM 4V
X
Is tn-,s faci'i:y a procoseC stationary source wnich n
one o' \*s 23 ndustnal categories listed tn tne in.
ttructions and wh;ch v«i!l potentially emit 100 tons
Crf year of any air oo'iutant regulated under the
Clean Air Ac: anc rnay af:sct or be located in an
attainment area7 (FORM 5)
Is this facility a proposed stationary source which is
NOT one of the 28 Industrial categories listed in the
instructions and which will potentially emit 250 tons
per year of any air pollutant regulated under the Clean
Air Act and may affect or be located in an attainment
area? (FORM SI
III. NAME OF FACILITY^
O/VR&EP op;
fa i t« ' ;? i l
IV. FACILITY CONTACT
A. NAME 4 TITLE fiat. tint. £ titlet
CATHOfc.E t IMA t .P.R.E.S.tP.E.NT
2.
V. FACILITY MAILING ADDRESS
B. PHONC tart-.' cotir A rro. i
T
P. Q. '66X 32V ;
B. CITV OR TOWN
tiLEADVTLLE'
C. STATE
IMA!
O. ZIP CODE i
\ 2'3.^S\
VI. FACILITY LOCATION
A STREET. BOUTE NO. OR OTHER SPECIFIC IDENTIFIER
J UMP5TART 5TREGT
B COl-'NTV fVAME
\ C. CITY OR TOWN
fe
L.E.APV
I
I
E
• |-v"i. • «>"
D. STATE! E. ZIP CODE [
M/V
_1 *' A1*
l'2'3<5l
4! - !• .
F.COUNTf CODE
'if iifi'.'lt''* >
:(j1-8l
_L ii " s< i
)
EPA Form 3510-1 (8-90)
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
-------
II. SIC CODES It-dipt, in Ortttr of priority^
A. FIRST
'.! LEAD
3/VTTCgiES
•MI. OPERATOR INFORMATION
IB. Is th* n«m« |j
lttrr> VIII-A »lK) the
UNA. CATHODE ..
,.,.,, i JS YES CI NO
c. ST»*TUS OP OPEWATOS t£n:e' tnt srer-jpnasv i<.-:^r into :it-: iny.\er nox. tf • OtH<-' specify. I
M * PUBLIC lotner tnan jraerai or stsrt
O * QTH5R ffpecifvj i
S « STATE
P « PRIVATE
p.'ov gox '3
Is the facii.ty located en Indian
LEAPVlLIE
I 2.3:1.5
:. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS
N
A. N*DES (Discharges to Surface Wateri
-r-.—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—r
T—T
D. PSD fAir Emissions i'n»n Proposed .Sources/
-—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—I—I—I—r
1 ' ' <•-
•. uic (l-'nderground fnjeerion o
e. PTMER (tptcifyi
T—:—I—I—T
-i—;—r
' iU
i—i—i—r
19
I* *' ! 1 I
"So
(tpeeify)
c. RCRA 'Hazardous Wastes!
Attach to this application a topographic map of the area extending to at least one mile beyond property boundaries. The map must show. ?^
the outline of the facility, the location of each of its existing and proposed intake and discharge structures, each of its hazardous waste - j*-
treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, and each well where it injects fluids underground. Include all springs, rivers and other surface "^
water bodies in the map area. See instructions for precise requirements. : ^'tz^M-
-------
Please print or type in the unshaded areai only.
|C
:F-A l.D. NUMBER (copy from item I of Form I)
Form Approved.
OMB Ma 2040-0086.
Approval expires 8-31.99,
FORM
APPLICATION FOR PERMIT TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATEH
EXISTING MANUFACTURING, COMMERCIAL, MINING AND SILVICULTURAL OPERATIONS
Consolidated Permits Program
i:
ALL LOCATION
For each outfall, list the latitude and longitude of its location to the nearest! 5 teconds and the name of the receiving water.
A.OUTFALL
NUMBER
fits*)
a. LATITUDE
C. LONGITUDE
D. RECEIVING WATER {name)
II. FLOWS, SOURCES OF POLLUTION, AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES,
A. Attach a line drawing showing the watar flow through the facility. Indicate sources of intake water, operation* contributing watte water to the effluent,
and treatment units labeled to correspond to the mom detailed description* in Item B. Comtruet a watar balance on the line drawing by showing average
flow* between intake*, operations, uaaimant untta, and outfall*. If • watar balance cannot be determined /*.£, for eartafit mining ectrVMW, provide a
pictorial datcription of the nature and amount of any toureat of water and any collection or treatment measures.
B. For each outfall, provide a description of: (1) All operations contributing wastewater to the effluent, including process wastewater, sanitary wastawatar,
cooling watar, and storm water runoff; (2) The average flow contributed by each operation; and (3) The treatment received by the wastawatar. ~
on additional sheets if necessary.
. Continue
l.OUT-
FAI.L.NC
(lift)
Z. OPERATION (3) CONTRiaiUTINC FLOW
S. TREATMENT
a. OPERATION (lift)
B. AVERAGE FLOW
(inelud* unlit)
«. OESCRIPTION
a. L.IST CODES FROM
TAM.K ZC-1
001
/-u
irC
2-A
trVASTfWATER
(tffuunt fiuacunm tuo-caatori**)
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FRONT
C. Except for storm runoff, lulu, or spills, are any of the discharge
E^m (compbtt th* following tabtf> •.•?...---
t. OUTFALL
NUMBER
tint)
Z. OPERATION^
CONTRIBUTING FLOW
(list)
I- . . J&1«* <*° *o B*etton III) ;;
3. FREQUENCY
a. DAYS
pen WEEK
(ipteify
ovtragt)
b. MONTHS
pen YEAR
(tpteify
avtraft)
4. FLOW
•. FLOW RATE
(in mgd)
AVBHAOB
OAILV
b. TOTAL VOLUME
(iptctfy with unit*)
AV»aa*
OAIUY
AT^BP/
fin dayi)
HI. PRODUCTION
A. Does an effluent guideline limitation promulgated by EPA under Section 304 .of the Clean Water Act apply to your facility?
WYES (tomplett tttm II1-B) G NO f'« *« S«eKon IVJ
B. Are the limitations in the applicable effluent guideline expressed in terms of production tor attnrmtuun ofoptntion)?
tcomplett /tern IlI-C) CD NO (go to Section IV)
C. If you answered "yes" to Item III-B, list the quantity which represents an actual measureme nt of your level of production, expressed in the terms and units
used in the applicable effluent guideline, and indicate the affected outfalls.
AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION
b. <
tbs/do
c. op«B«Tien. mepvci.
(Uttelfy)
LEAD
2. AFFKCTKD
(litt outftil num
001
W*«ji^^
iv. IMPROVEMENTS:
A. Are you now required by any Federal. State or local authority to meet any implementation schedule for the construction, upgrading or operation of waste-
water treatment equipment or practices or any other environmental programs which may affect the discharges described in this application? This includes,
but is not limited to, permit conditions, administrative or enforcement orders, enforcement compliance schedule letters, stipulations, court orders, and grant
or loan conditions. Q YK» (comyUt* tnt following tool*) JSCNO
-------
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2
EPA i.D. NUMBERfcopy from Item 1 of Farm 1)
V. INTAKE AND EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
3, & C: See instructions before proceeding - Complete one set of tables for each outfall - Annotate the outfall number in the space provided
NOTE: Tables V-A, V-8, and V-C are included on separate sheets numbered V-1 through V-9.
^Use the space below to list any of the pollutants listed in Table 2c-3 of the instructions, which you know or ham reason to believe is discharged or may be
discharged from any outfall. For every pollutant you list, briefly describe the reasons you believe it to be present and report any analytical data in your
possession.
I. POLLUTANT
2. SOURCE
1. POLLUTANT
2. SOURCE
VI. POTENTIAL DISCHARGES NOT COVERED BY ANALYSIS^
Is any pollutant listed in Item V-C a substance or a component of a substance which you currently use or manufacture) as an intermediate or final product or
1 YES Hist all such pollutants below>
(to to Item VI-B)
LEAD
PAGE 3 OF 4
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FRONT
VH.> BIOLOGICAL TOXICITY TESTING DATA
aorta orchroritc toxiclty hai bean mad* on any of your discharges or on a
WS-Vift':'' ' '
(identify the tt.tf,) and describe their purpose, below) J^NO (go to Section VIII)
/III£ONTRACT ANALYSIS INFORMATION
Wtre any of the analyse* reported in Item V performed by a contract laboratory or consulting firm?
YES (lilt tHe name, addrett, and telephone number of. and pollutant*
analyzed fry, each tueh laboratory or firm belourt
A. NAME
•. AOORECS
Q NO (go to Section IX) j
| D. POLLUTANTS ANALYZED •
TELEPHONE
ta code Si no.f
ANALYTICAL
321 T£ST
JONPSTACT MA
6-ReASE
t information tuttmmtd. Basad on my inquiry of the parson or parsons who manage the system or
the information submitted it. totheoestofmyknowladgeandoalief, trum, accurate, andco.
ias for submitting falsa information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violate
A. NAME & OFflCIAL TITLE (type or print)
B. PHONE NO. (area code A no.)
D. DATE SIGNED
Form 3S10-2C fluent
PAGE 4 OP 4
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Water
Scrubber
Raw
Materials
Lead Oxide
Production
Wastewater to WWT
Pasting
Plate Stacking
&
Welding
f
Forming
Floor
Wastewater to WWT
...T.
Drain
Hand Wash
Laboratory
Wastewater to WWT
-»> Wastewater to WWT
Water
^- Rinse
Employee
Showers
^ Wastewater to Leadville POTW
»- Wastewater to WWT
Water
Truck Wash
Oil
Skimming
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Water/Wastewater Flow Diagram — All Charged Up Corporation
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EXERCISE MODULE
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Application Review
It's that time again! The State's automotive battery manufacturer (All Charged Up Corporation) just
submitted its application for re-issuance of its NPDES permit. All Charged Up Corporation has been in
operation since 1991 and has not made any modifications to its operations since the plant opened. The State
recently modified water quality criteria, the specifics of which are provided herein. You are tasked with
reviewing the All Charged Up Corporation permit file (attached to this exercise) and following the
instructions provided below.
Instructions: Review the attached NPDES application form, discharge monitoring data, and facility
inspection report (see next page) and determine the following:
1. Is this facility subject to effluent limitation guidelines and standards? If yes, which effluent
limitations guidelines (i.e., CFR Part(s)) should apply? [Note: not looking for subpart -just part #]
2. Which level(s) of treatment apply to this facility (BAT, BPT, BCT, PSES, PSNS, NSPS)?
Is this a primary industry?
4. Has the facility provided all the information required in the NPDES application form? If not, what
information is missing? [We will go through this together]
In general, for which types of parameters must you establish technology-based effluent limits? (Do
not list specific pollutants covered.)
In general, for which types of parameters must you develop water-quality based effluent limits?
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits
Technology-Based Limits Worksheet
Summary of Recent NPDES Compliance Inspection of All Charged Up Corporation
The report for an inspection performed by EPA in June 1999 ai the All Charged Up Corporation facility
noted the following information:
• Although production volume has remained relatively consistent (see data below), the facility's
wastewater flow has decreased due to water conservation/reuse practices, including installation of
a 100% recycle system for truck wash water. In addition, the facility uses a portion of the battery
wash water as rinse water for its formation operations.
Production volume (Ib/dav):
Lead Used
Other Observations
J995
696,000
1996
802,000
199''
724,000
1998
778,000
Avg
750,000
The drains in the trenches around the process areas ait clogged with lead paste and support grids.
The process wastewater spills overflow the trenches instead of draining to the treatment system.
Numerous spills in the pasting area are due to operators accidentally overfilling drums.
All workers' uniforms are shipped off-site for laundering.
In 1995, the facility installed a complete recycle fuck wash system. The facility generates
approximately 50 pounds of sludge and 100 gallons of oily wastewater monthly. These wastes are
drummed and hauled off-site to the Blue Skies Landfill in Wobegon, MA.
Production for the next year or so is anticipated to similar to the previous few years.
AH wastewater from treatment is discharged via one outfall (001) to Pristine Creek.
Effluent sampling is done at the proper location, after treatment and flow monitoring.
The facility does not have any storm water discharges associated with industrial activity.
Wastewater from the restrooms and employee showers is discharged to the local municipal treatment
plant (i.e., Leadville POTW).
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Technology-Based Limits Worksheet
Instructions: Based upon the information reviewed thus far in this exercise and the attached permit
application, determine the following:
1. What Subpart(s) of the applicable effluent limitations guidelines apply to the AH Charged Up
Corporation discharge?
2. What regulated processes within the applicable Subpart(s) apply to the All Charged Up Corporation
discharge?
3. What parameters are regulated by the applicable effluent limitations guidelines?
4. What production rate should be used to calculate applicable discharge limitations?
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Technology-Based Limits Worksheet
5. Calculate daily maximum and monthly average mass-based limitations for copper. [Put your answers
in the table at the bottom of the page.]
MASS-BASED TECHNOLOGY-BASED EFFLUENT LIMITS
Parameter
Copper
Lead
Iron
Oil and Grease
TSS
pH
Daily
Maximum
0.605 Ibs/day
2.60 Ibs/day
2 1.7 Ibs/day
32.5 Ibs/day
7.5 - 10.0 s.u.
Monthly
Average
0.275 Ibs/day
1.3 2 Ibs/day
2 1.7 Ibs/day
26.0 Ibs/day
7.5 - 10.0 s.u.
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Instructions: Answer the following questions to determine the applicability of water quality based effluent
limitations (WQBELs) for copper. If necessary, calculate appropriate WQBELS.
[NOTE: Calculations for lead showed no reasonable potential.]
The State Water Quality Criteria applicable to the above designated uses are provided in the following Table:
APPLICABLE STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Parameter
Total Residual Chlorine
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Cadmium
Copoer
Chromium (III)
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
pH
Unite
us/1
TUx
ue/1
ue/1
ue/1
us/1
us/1
ue/1
s.u.
Aquati
Arnfp
19
0.3 TUa
12
18
1,700
320
800
220
c Life
flirfHiir
11
1.0 TUc
3
12
210
20
95
150
Human
Health
_
__
10
1.000
170,000
50
600
5.000
Within range of 6.5 to 9
For the purposes of determining reasonable potential and developing wasteload allocations, the following
design stream flows shall be used:
[NOTE: In this exercise the State only allows half of the available stream flow for mixing.]
1. 50% of the 1-day, 10-year (1Q10) flow for acute protection of aquatic life
2. 50% of the 7-day, 10 year (7Q10) flow for chronic protection of aquatic life
3. 50% of the Harmonic Mean Flow for protection of human health.
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Receiving Water Information
A search of the EPA STORET database identified a monitoring stition on Pristine Creek less than 1 mile
upstream from the AH Charged Up Corporation outfall. The data extracted for the last 6 years include:
Parameter
fnnnpr
Minimum
Concentration (ug/1)
JLQ
Maxiimum
Concentration (ug/1)
fin
Number of Data
Points
94
Current United States Geological Survey (USGS) flow gauge data for Pristine Creek, provided the following
information [NOTE: 1 MOD = 1.55 cfs]:
lQ10=100cfs
7Q10=160cfs
Harmonic Mean = 300 cfs
Summary of Effluent Data for Copper from Application and DMR
Cd(4) = 0.15mg/L
C^,) = 0.59 mg/L
Cjp) = 0.55 mg/L
Cd(3) = 0.81 mg/L
Cdts) = 0.10 mg/L
Cd(6) = 0.20 mg/L
[Note: Less than 10 observations; therefore, use default CV = 0.6]
Summary of State Water Quality Standards
The following designated uses apply to Pristine Creek:
- Warmwater habitat
- Agricultural and industrial water supply
- Primary contact recreation
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Table 3-1 from the EPA Technical Support Document for Water-Quality Based Toxics Control
Table 3-1. Reasonable Potential Multiplying Factors: 99% Confidence Level and 99% Probability Basis
Number of
Simptej
1
2
3
4
$
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Coefficient of Variation
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
1.6 2.5 3.9 6.0 9.0
1.4 2.0 2.9 4.0 5.5
1.4 1.9 2.S 3.3 4.4
1.3 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.8
1.3 1.7 2.1 2.7 3.4
1.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.1
1.3 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.9
1.2 1.S 1.9 2.3 2.8
1.2 1.S 1.8 2.2 2.7
1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.6
1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5
1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.4
1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3
1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.1
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1
1.2 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.0
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
13.2 18.9 26.5 36.2 48.3
7.4 9.8 12.7 16.1 20.2
5.6 7.2 8.9 11.0 13.4
4.7 5.9 7.2 8.7 10.3
4.2 5.1 6.2 7.3 8.6
3.8 4.6 5.5 6.4 7.5
3.6 4.2 5.0 5.8 6.7
3.3 3.9 4.6 5.3 6.1
3.2 3.7 4.3 5.0 5.7
3.0 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.3
2.9 3.4 3.9 4.4 5.0
2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7
2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.5
2.6 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.3
2.6 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1
2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.0
2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.8
2.4 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.7
2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6
2.3 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
63.3 81.4 102.8 128.0 157.1
24.9 30.3 36.3 43.0 50.4
16.0 19.0 22.2 25.7 29.4
12.2 14.2 16.3 18.6 21.0
10.0 11.5 13.1 14.8 16.6
8.6 9.8 11.1 12.4 13.8
7.7 8.7 9.7 10.8 12.0
6.9 7.8 8.7 9.6 10.6
6.4 7.1 7.9 8.7 9.6
5.9 6.6 7.3 8.0 8.8
5.6 6.2 6.8 7.4 8.1
5.2 5.8 6.4 7.0 7.5
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.1
4.8 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7
4.6 5-0 5.4 5.9 6.4
4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.1
4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.8
4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6
4.0 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.3
3.8 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.2
1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
90.3 227.8 269.9 316.7 368.3
58.4 67.2 76.6 86.7 97.5
33.5 37.7 42.3 47.0 52.0
23.6 26.3 29.1 32.1 35.1
18.4 20.4 22.4 24.5 26.6
15.3 16.8 18.3 19.9 21.5
13.1 14.4 15.6 16.9 18.2
11.6 12.6 13.6 14.7 15.8
10.4 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.0
9.5 10.3 11.0 11.8 12.6
8.8 9.4 10.1 10.8 11.5
8.1 8.8 9.4 10.0 10.6
7.6 8.2 8.7 9.3 9.9
7.2 7.7 8.2 8.7 9.2
6.8 7.3 7.7 8.2 8.7
6.5 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.2
6.2 6.6 7.0 7.4 7.8
5.9 6.3 6.7 7.0 7.4
5.7 6.0 6.4 6.7 7.1
5.5 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.8
Question 1: Determine whether there is reasonable potential for copper to exceed State water
quality standards.
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Question 2: If necessary, calculate the wasteload allocations for copper.
8
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Question 3: If necessary, determine the long term averages for copper. Note: Use 99"1 Percentile
Values. See Table 5-1.
Question 4: If necessary, calculate the mass- and concentration-based maximum daily limit
(MDL) and the average monthly limit (AML) for copper. Assume AH Charged Up
Corporation samples its effluent four times a month for copper. [Put your answers
in the table at the bottom of page 12.] [NOTE: Assume a CV=0.6; monitoring
requirement of 4 samples per month; LTA percentile = 99%; MDL percentile =
99%; and AML percentile = 95%)
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Table 5-1 from the EPA Technical Support Document for Water-Quality Based Toxics Control
Table 5-1. Back Calculations of Long-Twin Average
cv
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
O.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
t.3
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
WlAMdtiplfers
JOJ^-IOJ
9
ABM*
99*1
!*%• mn • iilila
r^OfwOTIW
0.853
0.736
0.644
O571
OSM
0.468
0.432
0.403
0.379
0,360
0.344
0330
0319
0310
0.302
0298
0290
0285
0281
0.277
99tft
PWDBOMW
0.797
0.643
0427
0.440
0.373
0.321
0281
0.249
0224
0404
0.187
0.174
0.162
0.153
0.144
0.137
0.131
0.126
0.121
0.117
Acute
LTA^WUW.e1"'2-''1
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CV BB«042-a<%l
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Pfcovntto r PofOOitlio
(4-day average)
2
. _ . -._ - fl-5 «4 •*
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
Table 5-2 from the EPA Technical Support Document for Water-Quality Based Toxics Control
Table 5-2. Calculation of Permit Limits
cv
0.1
02
0.3
0.4
04
0.6
0.7
04
04
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
14
1.9
2.0
LTA multipliers
[z 0-04 o2]
95th
Percentile
1.17
1.38
1.55
1.75
1.95
2.13
2.31
248
2.64
2.78
291
3.03
313
323
3.31
3.38
3.45
3.51
3.56
3.60
99th
Percentile
1.25
1.55
1.90
227
248
3.11
346
4.O1
4.46
4.90
5.34
5.76
6.17
646
643
729
7.63
7.95
826
845
Maximum Dally Limit
[zo-QSo2 1
JmLJL — I- 1 A * £
wnece o^ ~ tft I CV^ + 11
z = 1 .645 tor 95th percentfle occurrence probability, and
z = 2.326 for 99th percentile occurrence probability
Average Monthly Limit
2
AML = LTA»e 'Z0n~ ' n *
where ^ = *7[CV2/n 4-1 ],
z = 1 .645 for 95th percentile.
z - 2.326 for 99th percentite, and
n = number of samples/month
CV
0.1
02
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
04
0.9
1.O
1.1
12
4
.4
4
.6
.7
14
14
2.0
LTA Multipliers
.[»«„. 0.6*^1
95th
Percentile
n=1 n=2 n=4 nslO n=30
1.17 .12 1.08 .06 1.03
1.36 .25 1.17 .12 1.06
1.55 .38 1.26 .16 1.09
1.75 .52 1.36 .25 1.12
1.95 .66 1.45 .31 1.16
2.\3 .80 1.55 .38 1 19
2.31 .94 1.65 .45 1.22
2.48 2.07 1.75 1.52 .26
2.64 2.20 1.85 1.59 .29
2.78 2.33 195 1.66 .33
2.91 2.45 2.04 1.73 .36
3.03 2.56 2.13 1.80 .39
3.13 247 2.23 1.87 43
323 2.77 2.31 1.94 .47
3.31 2.86 2.40 2.00 .50
3.38 2.95 2.48 2.07 .54
3.45 303 2.56 2.14 .57
341 3.10 2.64 220 41
3.56 3.17 2.71 227 1.64
3.60 3.23 2.78 2.33 1.68
99th
Percentile
n»1 n=2 r*=4 n=10 n=30
125 1.18 t.12 .08 .04
145 1.37 1.25 16 .09
140 1.59 1.40 .24 .13
227 1.63 1.55 33 .18
2.68 2.09 1.72 .42 .23
3.11 2.37 1.90 42 .26
346 2.66 2.08 .62 33
441 2.96 2.27 .73 .39
4.46 328 2.48 .84 .44
4.90 3.59 2.68 .96 .50
544 3.91 2-90 2.07 .56
5.76 4.23 3.11 2.19 .62
6.17 4.55 3.34 2.32 .68
6.56 4.86 346 2.45 .74
6.93 5.17 3.78 2.58 .80
729 5.47 4.01 2.71 47
7.63 5.77 4.23 2.84 43
7.95 6.06 4.46 2.98 2.00
826 644 4.66 3.12 2-07
8,55 6.61 4.90 326 2.14
11
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PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits (Cont.)
Water Quality-Based Limits Worksheet
WATER QUALITY-BASED EFFLUENT LIMITS
Parameter
Copper
Lead
Iron
Oil & Grease
TSS
PH
Daily Max.
Cone.
No Reas. Pot.
„
»
*.—
Mass
No Reas. Pot.
«
__
»
30-Day Average
Cone.
No Reas, Pot.
*«
„
«
Mass
No Reas. Pot.
«
„
—
Within the range of 6.5 - 9.0 s u.
12
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Effluent Limits
Instructions:
Complete the following tables based on the calculations performed above. Provide a brief justification for
each parameter for which limits are required. If limits are not required or are not appropriate for a
parameter, also provide a brief justification. (Be sure to indicate the appropriate units.)
FENAL EFFLUENT LIMITS
Parameter
Daily Max.
Cone.
Mass
30-Day Average
Cone.
Mass
JUSTD7ICATION FOR EFFLUENT LIMITS
Parameter
Justification
13
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Monitoring Conditions
Instructions:
Indicate in the following Table the appropriate monitoring frequencies and the sample type for each of the
parameters to be monitored. Provide a brief justification for each decision (i.e., why that frequency is
required, and why that sample type must be used.)
MONITORING FREQUENCIES
Parameter
Copper (7)
Lead(J)
IronfT)
O&G
TSS
PH
Existing
Monitoring
Frequency
6/year
6/year
6/year
4/month
4/month
daily
Proposed
Monitoring
Frequency
4/month
2/week
Sample
Type
24-hr
composite
24-hr
composite
grab or
continuous
Justification for Sample Type and Monitoring
Frequency
2/week based on DMR data indicating routine
exceedances of new permit limits. Composite
sample required to ensure adequate
characterization of effluent, which may vary
during a 24-hour period.
What sample location would be specified in the permit? Do any parameters require any unique sampling
requirements (i.e., special sampling location)?
14
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
Developing Special Conditions
Questions:
1. Should the facility's permit require development and implementation of specific BMPs or a BMP
Plan? Is yes, what would these be?
2. Would you require whole effluent toxicity monitoring of the effluent? If so, briefly outline the
condition and justification.
3. What other, if any, special conditions would you impose?
15
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
The Administrative Process
Instructions:
You have now completed permit development, documented your decisions in the Fact Sheet, provided
notice of the draft permit to interested parties, and issued the final NPDES permit for All Charged Up
Corporation (whew!). However, the owner of the facility, unhappy with your work, seeks an
administrative appeal of the permit and in so doing, raises the following issues:
• The permit is improperly based on the provisions of 40 CFR Part 461 (Subcategory C);
• The effluent limitations for copper and oil and grease are calculated incorrectly;
• The facility's written comment to delete the "duty to mitigate" standard condition was improperly
ignored;
The weekly monitoring requirements for copper and oil EJid grease are excessive; and
The Agency violated its regulations and established policy by refusing to hold a hearing as
requested by the facility.
QUESTIONS:
(1) Assuming the facility's appeal is granted, what effect will this have on the effectiveness of the NPDES
permit?
(2) What standard of review should the Hearing Officer use lo evaluate the permit?
16
-------
PERMIT WRITING EXERCISE
The Administrative Process (Cont.)
(3) You have been called upon to testify on behalf of the Permit Authority. How do you respond to each
of the issues raised?
(a) The improper application of effluent guidelines regulations:
(b) The calculation of limitations:
(c) The inclusion of the duty to mitigate condition:
(d) The excessive monitoring requirements:
(e) The failure to hold a hearing:
(4) In addition to this logically organized and undeniably scientific testimony concerning your actions in
developing this permit, what other assistance might you be asked to lend to your attorney?
(5) Once the Hearing Officer has made a decision, what is the next step in the process of getting the All
Charged Up Corporation permit final and effective?
17
-------
-------
Pt. 461
by this paragraph, which may be dis-
charged from the hospital point source
subject to the provisions of this para-
graph after application of the best
practicable control technology cur-
rently available:
Effluent characteristic
Effluent limitations
Average of daily
Maximum values for 30
for any i consecutive days
day shall not ex-
ceed—
BODS
TSS
PH
Metric units (kg/I .000
occupied beds)
410 33 6
55 6 33 8
English units (lb/1.000
occupied beds)
BOOS
TSS ...
pH
90.4
122.4
74.0
74.5
1 Within We range 6.0 to 9.0.
[41 FR 18777. May 6, 1976. as amended at 60
FR 33972. June 29. 1995]
PART 461—BATTERY MANUFAC-
TURING POINT SOURCE CAT-
EGORY
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
461.1 Applicability.
461.2 General definitions.
461.3 Monitoring and reporting require-
ments.
461.4 Compliance date for PSES.
Subpart A—Cadmium Subcategory
461.10 Applicability; description of the cad-
mium subcategory.
461.11 Effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable
by the application of the best practicable
control technology currently available
(BPT).
461.12 Effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable
by the application of the best available
technology economically achievable
(BAT).
461.13 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.14 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
461.15 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Subpart B—Calcium Subcategory
461.20 Applicability; description of the cal-
cium subcategory.
461.21-461.22 [Reserved!
461.23 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.24 [Reserved]
461.25 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subpart C—Lead Subcategory
461.30 Applicability; description of the lead
subcategory.
461.31 Effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable
by the application of the best practicable
control technology currently available
(BPT).
461.32 Effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable
by the application of the best available
technology economically achievable
(BAT).
461.33 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.34 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
461.35 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subpart D—Leclanche Subcategory
461.40 Applicability: description of the
Leclanche subcategory.
461.41-461.42 [Reserved]
461.43 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.44 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
461.45 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
Subpart E—Lithium Subcategory
461.50 Applicability: description of the lith-
ium subcategory.
461.51-461.52 [Reserved]
461.53 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.54 [Reserved]
461.55 Pretreatment standards for new-
sources (PSNS).
Subpart F—Magnesium Subcategory
461 60 Applicability: description of the mag-
nesium subcacegory.
461.61-461.62 [Reserved]
461.63 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.64 Pretreatrnent standards for existing
sources (PSES).
461.65 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
434
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Environmental Protection Agency
Subpart G—Zinc Subcategory
461.70 Applicability: description of the zinc
subcategory,
461.71 Effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable
by the application of the best practicable
control technology currently available
(BPT).
461.72 Effluent limitations representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable
by the application of the best available
technology economically achievable
(BAT).
461.73 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
461.74 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
461.75 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
AUTHORITY: Sees. 301. 304 (b). (c). (e). and
(g). 306 (b) and (c). 307 (b) and (c). 308 and 501
of the Clean Water Act (the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977)
(the "Act"): 33 U.S.C. 1311. 1314 (b). (c). (e).
and (g). 1316 (b) and (c). 1317 (b) and (c), and
1361; 86 Stat. 816, Pub. L. 92-500: 91 Stat. 1567.
Pub. L. 95-217.
SOURCE: 49 FR 9134. Mar. 9. 1984. unless oth-
erwise noted.
GENERAL PROVISION'S
§461.1 Applicability.
This part applies to any battery man-
ufacturing plant that discharges or
may discharge a pollutant to waters of
the United States or that introduces
pollutants to a publicly owned treat-
ment works. Battery manufacturing
operations subject to regulation under
this part shall not be subject to regula-
tion under part 413 or 433.
§461.2 General definitions.
In addition to the definitions set
forth in 40 CFR part 401. the following
definitions apply to this part:
(a) "Battery" means a modular elec-
tric power source where part or all of
the fuel is contained within the unit
and electric power is generated di-
rectly from a chemical reaction rather
than indirectly through a heat cycle
engine. In this regulation there is no
differentiation between a single cell
and a battery-
(b) "Battery manufacturing oper-
ations" means all of the specific proc-
esses used to produce a battery includ-
ing the manufacture of anodes and
§461.3
cathodes arid associated ancillary oper-
ations. Tl-ese manufacturing oper-
ations are excluded from regulation
under any other point source category.
(c) "Ancillary operations" means all
of the operations specific to battery
manufacturing and not included spe-
cifically w .thin anode or cathode man-
ufacture {ancillary operations are pri-
marily associated with battery assem-
bly and chemical production of anode
or cathode active materials).
(d) "Plate soak" shall mean the proc-
ess operation of soaking or reacting
lead subcategory battery plates, that
are more than 2.5 mm (0.100 in) thick,
in sulfurk acid.
(e) "Discharge allowance" means the
amount c f pollutant (mg per kg of pro-
duction unit) that a plant will be per-
mitted to discharge. For this category
the allov, ances are specific to battery
manufacturing operations.
(f) Miscellaneous wastewater
streams" shall mean the combined
waste water streams from the process
operations listed below for each sub-
category If a plant has one of these
streams chen the plant receives the en-
tire miscellaneous waste stream allow-
ance.
(1) Calmium subcategory. Cell wash,
electrolyte preparation, floor and
equipment wash, and employee wash.
(2) Lend subcategory. Floor wash, wet
air pollution control, battery repair,
laboratory, hand wash, and respirator
wash.
(3) Lithium subcategory. Floor and
equipment wash, cell testing, and lith-
ium scrap disposal.
(4) Zinc subcategory. Cell wash, elec-
trolyte preparation, employee wash, re-
ject ce.'.l handling, floor and equipment
wash.
(g) "Trucked batteries" shall mean
batteries moved into or out of the
plant by truck when the truck is actu-
ally wushed in the plant to remove res-
idues left in the truck from the bat-
teries
$461.3 Monitoring and reporting re-
quirements.
The "monthly average" regulatory
values shall be the basis for the month-
ly average discharge in direct dis-
charga permits and for pretreatment
435
-------
§461.4
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
standards. Compliance with the month-
ly discharge limit is required regard-
less of the number of samples analyzed
and averaged.
§461.4 Compliance date for PSES.
The compliance date for
pretreatment standards for existing
sources is March 9, 1987.
Subpart A—Cadmium
Subcategory
$461.10 Applicability; description of
the cadmium subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States, and intro-
ductions of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from the man-
ufacturing of cadmium anode batteries.
§461.11 Effluent limitations rep-
resenting the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the applica-
tion of the best practicable control
technology currently available
(BPT).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
125.30 through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available:
(1) Subpart A—Pasted and Pressed
Powder Anodes.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum Maximum
lor any 1 ' for monthly
day ' average
' Metric units—mgAg oi
I cadmium
i English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
cadmium
Pollutant or pollutant property
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
Oil and grease
TSS
pH
i Maximum Maximum
: for any 1 lor monthly
; day average
'. Metric units — mg/kg of
cadmium
I
I English units — pounds per
! 1.000.000 pounds of
' cadmium
2370 1046
1 338 2 885 2
I 1.0176 4252
I 1464 627
1 139400 83640
1 26 5770 | 135920
(') (')
1 Within the range ol 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(3) Subpart A—Impregnated Anodes.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Nickel
Zhc
Cobalt
Oi! and grease
TSS
pH
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 , for monthly
day average
Metric units — mg/ko, of
cadmium
English units— pounds per
1 ,000,000 pounds of
cadmium
i
339 3 i 149 7
1 9162 • 1 2675
1 457 1 ' 608 8
209 6 89 8
19.960.0 119760
40,9180 19461 0
(i) (i)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(4) Subpart A—Nickel Electrodepos-
ited Cathodes.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property i
Maximum Maximum
for any l • lor monthly
day ' average
Metric units— mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
nickel applied
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
TSS
pH
0.92 . 041
: 5.18 ' 3.43
, : 3.94 1.65
0-57 ' 0.24
54 00 32 40
111.00 5265
D {')
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(2) Subpart A— Electrodeposited An-
odes.
Cadmium
Oil and grease
TSS
oH
1 1.380.0 ,
85.4
722.6
347.1
51 .2
6,828.0
11,095.5
'Wilhin the range ol 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(5) Subpart A— Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes.
436
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
: Maximum Maximum
Pollutant or pollutant property j lor any 1 tor monthly
, day | average
Met-ic units—mg/kg of
i nickel applied
English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
1 nickel applied
§461.11
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or polli.tant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
lor monthly
average
Metric units—mo/kg of
silver powder produced
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of sil-
ver powder produced
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
TSS
pH
557.6
3,148.8
2,394.4
344.4
32,800.0
67,240.0
n
246.0
2.082.8
1.000.4
147.6
19.680.0
31.980.0
Cadmium
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Cobalt
Oil and grease
TSS
' Within me ranae of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times, p" : j
7.21 i
40.70 i
B.69 •
30.95
4.45 i
424.00 '
869.20 '
3.18
26.92
3.61
12.93
1.91
254.40
413.40
(6) Subpart A—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
tor any 1
day
Maximum
lor monthly
average
'Within the unge of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(9) Sub Dart A—Cadmium Hydroxide
Production.
fiPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
I Metric units—mg/kg of
cells produced
I English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
Pollutant or
[lOllutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
! Maximum
] lor monthly
! average
Metric units—mg/kB of
I cadmium used
i
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of
I cadmium used
.
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
TSS
pH
i Within the ranae
i 6 2g
l 35.54
' 27.02
3.89
' 370 20
! 758.91
(')
Df 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
23.50
11.29
1.66
yyy 1?
360.94
(')
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
Oil and grease .
TSS
pH
I
0 31 '
, 1 73 i
. i 1 31
•' 0 19 '
1800
36.90 !
I 0)
0 14
1 14
055
0 08
1080
17.60
n
(7) Subpart A—Cadmium Powder Pro-
duction.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
1 Within II-e range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(10) Subpart A—Nickel Hydroxide
Production.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property I
i
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
I Metric units—mg/kg ol
| cadmium powder produced
' English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds ol
' cadmium powder pro-
duced
Pollutant jr pollutant property
Maximum ! Maximum
tor any 1 ' for monthly
day • average
Metric units — mg/kg of
nickel used
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
nickel used
Nickel . .
Zinc
Cobalt
TSS
pH
22.34
12614
9592
13.80
1.314.00
2,693.00
986
8344
40.08
5.91
78840
1 281.20
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
TSS
PH
' 374
211 2
: 1606
23.1
22000
'• 45100
16 5
139 7
67 1
9.9
1 3200
2145 0
' Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all limes.
(8) Subpart A— Silver Powder Produc-
tion.
1 With i the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
437
-------
§461.12
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
§461.12 Effluent limitations rep-
resenting the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the applica-
tion of the best available tech-
nology economically achievable
(BAT).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
125.30 through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable:
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant properly
Maximum
tor any 1
day
Maximum
(or monthly
average
Metric units—rng/kg of
nickel applied
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of
nickel applied
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
i 11 22 i
1 6336 '
48 18 '
' 693 !
4 95
41.91
2013
2.97
(4) Subpart A—Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
odes.
BAT EFFLUENT
Pollutant or pollutant property
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
LIMITATIONS
Maximum i Maximum
for any 1 ' for monthly
day ! average
Metric unite — mg/kg of
cadmium
English units— pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of
cadmium
11.95 ' 5.27
67.49 ' 44.64
51.32. 21.44
7.38 • 3.16
Pollutant or pollutant property
Nickel
Cobalt
1 Maximum Maximum
! for any 1 lor monthly
| day average
Metric units — rng/kg of
nickel applied
1 English units — pounds per
! 1,000,000 pounds of
; nickel applied
68.0 ; 30.0
', 384.0 I 254.0
292.0 ' 122.0
42.0 . 18.0
(5) Subpart A— Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams.
(2) Subpart A—Impregnated Anodes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property !
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
I
Metric units—mg/kg of
cadmium
i English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
cadmium
' Metric units—mg/kg of
' cells produced
I
I English units—pounds per
I 1.000,000 pounds of
I cells produced
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
68.0
384.0
292.0
42.0
30.0
254.0
122.0
18.0
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Coba.t
• 079
4 47
3 40 •
I 0 49 !
0.35
296
1.42
021
(6) Subpart A—Cadmium Powder Pro-
duction.
(3) Subpart A—Nickel Electrodepos-
ited Cathodes.
438
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Environmental Protection Agency
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
§461.13
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property i
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
cadmium powder produced
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
cadmium powder produced
Pollutant or potlirant property
Maximum '
(or arty 1 '
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units — mg/kg of
nickel used
! English units—pounds per
: 1,000,000 pounds of
nickel used
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt .
' 223
12 61
i 9.59
I 1 38
099
834
401
059
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
1 5 61
1 31 68 .
i 24 09 I
' 347 '
2 48
2096
1007
1 49
(7) Subpart A—Silver Powder Produc-
tion.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
I
Pollutant or pollutant property '
I
Maximum
tor any 1
day
i Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
stiver powder produced
English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of sil-
ver powde- produced
Cadmium
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Cobalt
1.09
6.16 j
1.32 |
4.69
0.67 '
0.48
4.08
0.55
1.96
0.29
(8) Subpart A—Cadmium Hydroxide
Production.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
I
Pollutant or pollutant property |
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
(or monthly
average
' Metric units—mgikg of
j cadmium used
! English units—pounds per
; 1,000,000 pounds of
j cadmium used
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
i
0.05 I
0.27 |
0.20,
0.03 i
0.02
0.18
0.09
0.01
(9) Subpart A—Nickel Hydroxide Pro-
duction.
(b) Then; shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation oth'jr than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
§461.13 New source
standiirds (NSPS).
performance
(a) The; discharge of wastewater pol-
lutants from any new source subject to
this subpart shall not exceed the stand-
ards set forth below:
(1) Subpart A—Electrodeposited An-
odes—NSPS.
Pollutant or (toltuiant property
Metnc units—mg/kg of
j cadmium
> English units—pounds per
1 1.000.000 pounds ol cad-
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
Oit and gr- ase
TSS
pH
... 7 03
| 19.33
| 3585
1 4.92 ,
' 351 5 '
; 5273
(')
281
13.01
1476
2.46
351.5
421 8
(1)
1 Within !he range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(2) S.ubpart A—Impregnated Anodes-
NSPS
439
-------
§461.13
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutant or poflutant property
j any
monthly aver- Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maxirnum for
monthly aver-
age
' Metric units—mg/kg of
| cadmium
/ English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of cad-
mium
Metric units—mg/kg of cells
produced
I English units—pounds per
! 1,000.000 pounds of cells
produced
Nickel ..
Cobalt
TSS
pH
400 1 16.0
1100 i 740
204 0 ' 84 0
280 ' 140
2 COO 0 ' 2 000 0
3 000 0 2 400 0
(') (')
Nickel . 1 28
Zinc 2 38 '
Cobalt 0.33 '
TSS 35 0 •
pH (') ,
0.19
086
098
016
233
280
(')
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(3) Subpart A—Nickel Electrodepos-
ited Cathodes—NSPS.
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(6) Subpart A—Cadmium Powder Pro-
duction—NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum lor
any 1 day
Maximum tor
monthly aver-
age
Pollutant or pollutant properly
Maximum
(or any 1
day
Maximum
lor monthly
average
I Metric units—mg/kg of nickel
; applied
I English units—pounds per
! 1.000.000 pounds of nickel
I applied
! Metric units—mg/kg of
' cadmium powder produced
, English units—pounds per
, 1.000.000 pounds of
I cadmium powder pro-
duced
I
Nickel •
TSS '
043 I
pH ,
6.60 |
18.15 I
33.66 '
4.62'
330.0 |
495.0 \
(') I
2.64
12.21
13.86
2.31
330.0
396.0
(')
1 Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(4) Subpart A— Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
I
i
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc .... j
Cobalt I
Oil and grease '
TSS
pH
1.31 , 0.53
3.61 • 2.43
6.70 2.76
0.92 0.46
65.70 1 65.70
98.S5 | 78.84
(') ' C>
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(7) Subpart A — Silver Powder Produc-
tion— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property .
Maximum ' Maximum
for any 1 ! for monthly
day ' average
nickel applied
. English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
nickel applied
I Metric units—mg/kg of
i silver powder produced
I
i English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of sil-
- '
Nickel
Zinc . .. .
TSS :
PH '
40.0 |
110.0 |
204.0 1
28.0
2.000.0 :
3,000.0 [
CM
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(5) Subpart A— Miscellaneous
water Streams— NSPS.
16.0
74.0
84.0
14.0
2,000.0
2,400.0
Waste-
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
Oil and grease
pH
0.64
1.77 .
0 93
3.27
0.45 '
3210'
0.26
1.19
0.39
1.35
0.22
32.10
38.52
' Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at atl times
(8) Subpart A — Cadmium Hydroxide
Production— NSPS.
440
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§461.14
Potlutant or pollutant property
PSES
| Metric units—mg/kg of
| cadmium used
' English units—pounds per
'• 1.000.000 oounds of ead-
! mium used
1 Maximum i Maximum
Pollutant or po iutant properly I for any 1 | for monthly
I day i average
I Metric units—rng/kg of
cadmium
i English units—pounds per
Zinc 0 1 42 0 058
Cobalt Q 019 0009
TSS 2 10 1 SB
pH 0) , (1)
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(9) Subpart A— Nickel Hydroxide Pro-
Pollutant or pollutant property , ^Jym{J'J|ayX ! monthly aver-
age
Metric units — mg/kg of nickel
used
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 oounds of nickel
used
i
Nickel 9 08 611
Zinc 16.83 6.93
Cobalt 2.31 1.16
Oil and grease 1650 1650
TSS 247 5 198 0
pH (') (')
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
(49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984. 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9.
1984]
§461.14 Pretreatment standards for
existing sources (PSES).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
cadmium
11.95 : 5.27
67.49 ! 44.64
51.32 j 21.44
7.38 , 3.16
(2) Subsart A — Impregnated Anodes.
PSES
Pollutant or pollutant property
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day ' average
Metric units — mg/kg ol
cadmium
English units— pounds per
1.000.000 • pounds of
cadmium
66.0 ! 30.0
384.0 , 254.0
292.0 1 122.0
42.0 i 18.0
(3) Sjbpart A— Nickel Electrodepos-
ited Cathodes,
PSES
Pollutan: or pollutant property
Nickel
Zinc
CobaH ,
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 I for monthly
day 1 average
Metric units — mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units — pounds per
1 .000,000 pounds of
nickel applied
11.22 ' 4.95
63.36 | 41.91
48.1S i 20.13
6.93 i 2.97
to this subpart which introduces pol-
lutants into a publicly owned treat-
ment works must comply with 40 CFR
part 403 and achieve the pretreatment
standards for existing sources listed
below:
(1) Subpart A—Electrodeposited An-
odes.
(4) Subpart A—Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes—PSES.
441
-------
§461.15
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutam or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
(or monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
nicke! applied
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
I 68 0
I 3840
| 2920
' 42 0
300
254.0
122.0
180
(5) Subpart A—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams—PSES.
I
Pollutant or pollutant property ,
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
: Metnc units — mg/kg at
! cells produced
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of
cells produced
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
0.79
4.47 \
3.40
0.49
0.35
2.96
1.42
0.21
(6) Subpart A—Cadmium Powder Pro-
duction—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property I
I
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
i for monthly
I average
Metric units—mg/kg of
cadmium powder produced
1 English units—pounds per
I 1.000,000 pounds 01
cadmium powder pro-
! duced
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
... 1 223 j
12 61 '
959
| 1 38 1
099
834
401
059
(7) Subpart A—Silver Powder Produc-
tion—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant properly i
Maximum
for any 1
day
• Maximum
i tor monthly
, average
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver powder produced
English units—pounds per
: 1.000,000 pounds of sil-
, ver powder produced
(8) Subpart A—Cadmium Hydroxide
Production—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum ' Maximum lor
for any 1 ' monthly aver-
day ' age
Metric units — mg/kg of
cadmium used
I English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of cad-
Nickel
Zinc ..
Cobalt
mium used
0.05 ,
0.27 .
0.20 ,
0.03 ,
002
0.18
009
0.012
(9) Subpart A—Nickel Hydroxide Pro-
duction—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
I
Maximum ' Maximum
for any 1 for monttily
day
average
i Metric units—mg/kg of
i nickel used
I English units—pounds per
' 1,000,000 pounds of
nickel used
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
561 '•
31.68 1
, 24.09
I 347
248
2096
1007
1 49
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
§461.15 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
any new source subject to this subpart
that introduces pollutants into a pub-
licly owned treatment works must
comply with 40 CFR part 403 and
achieve the pretreatment standards for
new sources listed below:
(1) Subpart A—Electrodeposited An-
odes—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
•or monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg ol
: cadmium
i English units—oounds per
, 1.000,000 pounds of
Cadmium ....
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Cobalt
1 09 '
6.16
1.32
4.69
0.67
048
4.08
0.55
1.9S
0.29
Nickel
Zinc
Cooait
7.03 '
1933 :
35 as '
4.92 !
2.81
1301
14 76
2.46
442
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§461.15
(2) Subpart A—Impregnated Anodes
PSNS.
(6) Subpart A—Cadmium Powder Pro-
duction— F SNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units— mg/kg of
cadmium
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
lor monthly
average.
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds ot
cadmium
Metric units—mg/kg of
i cadmium powder produced
I English units—pounds per
I 1,000.000 pounds of
i cadmium powder pro-
Cadmium
Nickel
40.0 16.0
110.0 74.0
204.0 84.0
28.0 ' 14.0
(3) Subpart A — Nickel Electrodepos-
ited Cathodes— PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum • Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric unite — mgAs of
nickel applied
Cadmium
Nickel
Cobalt
duced
1.31 '
3.61 !
6.70 '
0.92 '•
(7) Subpart A— Silver Powder
tion— PSNS.
Pollutant 01 pollutant property
Maximum !
for any 1 i
day
0.53
2.43
2.76
0.46
Produc-
Maximum
for monthly
average.
English units—pounds per
1.000,000 oounds of
nickel applied
Nickel
Cobalt
6.60 264
18.15 12.21
33.66 13.86
4.62 2.31
(4) Subpart A— Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes— PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
i Metric units—mg/kg of
nickel applied
' English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
1 nickel applied
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
40.0,
110.0,
204.0!
28.0
16.0
74.0
84.0
14.0
(5) Subpart A—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
' cells produced
1 English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
cells produced
Metric units—mg/kg of
| silver powder produced
| English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of sil-
ver powder Droduced
Cadmium
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Cobalt
0.64;
1.77 t
0.93 !
3.27 ,
0.45 i
0.26
1.19
0.39
1.35
0.22
(8) Subpart A—Cadmium Hydroxide
Production—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
cadmium used
I English units—pounds per
| 1.000.000 pounds of
cadmium used
Cadmiur
Nickel .. .
Zinc
Cobalt ...
0.028 |
0.077 i
0.142 i
0.019 i
0.011
0.051
0.058
0.009
(9) Subpart A—Nickel Hydroxide Pro-
duct] 3n—PSNS.
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
0.47
1.28
2.38
0.33
0.19
0.86
098
0.16
443
-------
§461.20
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
lor any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
i Metric units—mg/kg of
I nickel used
' English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
1 nickel used
Cadmium
Nickel
Zinc
Cobalt
i 3.30
908
! 16 83
' 2.31
1.32
6 11
693
1.16
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
Subpart B—Calcium Subcategory
§461.20 Applicability; description of
the calcium subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States and intro-
ductions of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from manufac-
turing calcium anode batteries.
$§461.21-461.22 [Reserved]
S 461.23 New source
standards (NSPS).
performance
(b) There shall be no discharge for
process wastewater pollutants from
any battery manufacturing operations.
Subpart C—Lead Subcategory
§461.30 Applicability; description of
the lead subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States and intro-
duction of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from the man-
ufacturing of lead anode batteries.
§461.31 Effluent limitations rep-
resenting the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the applica-
tion of the best practicable control
technology currently available
(BPT).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
125.30 through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available:
(1) Subpart C—Closed Formation—
Double Fill, or Fill and Dump.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
(a) The discharge of wastewater pol-
lutants from any new source subject to
this subpart shall not exceed the stand-
ards set forth below.
(b) There shall be no discharge for
process wastewater pollutants from
any battery manufacturing operations.
§461.24 [Reserved]
§461.25 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in §403.7 any
new source subject to this subpart that
introduces pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
pretreatment standards for new
sources listed below.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
Oil and grease
TSS
pH
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 ' tor monthly
day i average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
lead used
0 86 D 45
0.19 0.090
0 54 0 27
9.00 5.40
18^5 878
" 1 C )
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—De-
hydrated.
444
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Environmental Protection Agency
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
§461.31
BF'T EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
TSS
pH
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 tor monthly
day average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of
lead used
20.99 11.05
4.64 ' 2.21
16.13 ' 6.74
221.00 132.60
453.05: 215.47
C) C)
"Within the range ol 7.5 to 10.0 at all times,
(3) Subpart C — Open Formation— Wet.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
TSS
pH
Maximum ' Maximum
for any 1 ' lor monthly
day ! average
Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
0.10 0.05
0.02 0.01
0.06 , 0.03
1 .06 | 0.64
2.17 1.03
o n
' Within the range of 7.5 to 10-0 at all times.
(4) Subpart C— Plate Soak.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
TSS
pH
Maximum Maximum
lor any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
0.040 ' 0.020
0.009 , 0.004
0.030 0.010
0.420 : 0.250
0.860 ' 0.410
f')! C)
' Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times
(5) Subpart C— Battery Wash (with
Detergent) .
: Maximum Maximum
Pollutant or DC lutant property for any 1 for monthly
: day average
Lead
Oil and grease
TSS
pH ....
Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds ol
lead used
1.71 0.90
0.36 0.16
1.08 0.55
18.00 ; 10.80
36.90 ' 17.55
C) C)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(6) Sub part C~Battery Wash (Water
Only).
;3PT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Maximum Maximum
Pollutant o" pollutant property for any 1 for monthly
I day average
Lead
Oil and grease ..........................
TSS
pH
Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of
lead used
1.12 0.59
O.Z5 0.12
0.71 0.36
11.80 7.08
24.19 11.51
(1) ' (<)
'Within 'he range o! 7.5 to 10.0 at all limes.
(7) Subpart C— Direct Chill Lead
Casting.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Maximum Maximum
Pollular or pollutant property . for any 1 for monthly
day | average
Copper
Lead
Iron
Oil and grease
TSS
pH
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
0.00040 ' 0.00020
0.00008 ' 0.00004
0.00020 ' 000010
0.00400 ' 0.00200
0.00800 | 0.00300
o , •:')
1 Wif.in trie range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(8) Subparc C— Mold Release Formu-
laticn.
445
-------
§461.32
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
lor any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Pollutant or pollutant properly
Maximum : Maximum
lor any 1 . for monthly
day average
| Metric units—mg/kg ot lead
't used
' English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
1 Metric units—mg/kg ol lead
1 used
i English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
Lead
TSS
pH
0011 I
0002
0007
012oi
0246 i
(') !
0006
o 001
0.004
0072
0 117
(')
Lead
TSS
pH
081
0 18
.. ' 051
8 54
17 51
| ,.,
0 43
009
026
5 12
8 33
(il
' Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(9) Subpart C—Truck Wash.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum i Maximum
for any 1 | for monthly
day ! average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead
in trucked batteries
! English units—pounds per
' 1.000.000 pounds of
lead in trucked batteries
Lead
Oil and grease
TSS
pH
I
0026 |
i 0 005 i
0016 i
I 0280J
0574 '
O :
0 014
0 002
0 008
0 168
0273
C)
1 Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(10) Subpart C—Laundry.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Maximum ' Maximum
Pollutant or pollutant property for any 1 • for monthly
day average
Metric units—mg/fcg ol lead
used
'Within the range of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
[49 FR 9134. Mar. 9. 1984; 49 FR 13879. Apr. 9.
1984]
$461.32 Effluent limitations rep-
resenting the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the applica-
tion of the best available tech-
nology economically achievable
(BAT).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
125.30 through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable:
(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—De-
hydrated.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Lead
TSS
pH
'Within the range of
(11) Subpart
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
| lead used
021 011
0 05 0 02
013 007
218' 1 31
4 47 ' 2.13
o ; o
7.S to 10.0 at all times.
C— Miscellaneous Waste-
Pollutant or pollutant property
Copper
Lead
Maximum Maximum
i for any 1 ' for monthly
j day i average
1
i Metric units — mg/kg ol lead
English units— pounds per
1 .000,000 pounds of
' lead used
'
| 3.19 1.68
i 0 71 034
2 02 1 02
water Streams.
(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet.
446
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Environmental Protection Agency
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
__^ .
Pollutant or pollutant property |
§461.32
(6) Subpa-t C—Mold Release Formu-
lation.
BA" EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Lead
Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units— pounds per
1,000,000 pounds ol lead
used
0.100 0.053
0.022 0.010
0.06 0.03
(3) Subpart C— Plate Soak.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
gent).
BAT EFFLUENT
Pollutant or Pollutant Property
Lead . ...
Iron ...........
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
lead used
0.039 0.021
0.008 0.004
0.030 0.010
ttery Wash (Deter-
LlMITATIONS
Maxinxm Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
Day average
• Metric units— mg/kg ol lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
1.71 0.90
0.36 0.16
1.08 0.55
(5) Subpart C— Direct Chill Lead
Casting.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property !
age
Pollutant or pol Jtanl property
Lead
Maximum i Maximum
for any i for monthly
day average
Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units— pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
0.011 ' 0.006
0.002 0.001
0.007 0.003
(7) Subpart C— Truck Wash.
EAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Copper
Lead .. .
Iron ..
Maximum . Maximum
lor any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
in trucked batteries
English units— pounds per
1 .000.000 pounds of
lead in trucked batteries
0.026 0.014
0.005 0.002
0.016 0.008
(8) Subpart C— Laundry.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant c pollutant property
Lead
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units — rng/kg of lead
used
English units— pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
0.21 0.11
0.05 : 0.02
0.13 0.07
(9) Subpart C— Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams.
Copper
Lead
Iron
! Metric units—mg/kg ol lead
i used
1 English units—pounds per
' 1.000,000 pounds of iead
J used
. i 0.0004 j 0.0002
. i 0 00008 000004
. I 0.0002 0.0001
447
-------
§461.33
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Maximum ' Maximum
PollutanI or pollutant property lor any 1 I lor monthly
day I average
; Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units— pounds per
| 1,000,000 pounds of
; lead used
Copper ' 0.58 0.31
Lead ' 0.13 0.06
Iron j 0.37 0.19
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
[49 FR 9134. Mar. 9. 1984; 49 FR 13879. Apr. 9.
1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816. Aug. 28. 1986]
§461.33 New source performance
standards (NSPS).
(a) The discharge of wastewater pol-
lutants from any new source subject to
this subpart shall not exceed the stand-
ards set forth below:
(1) Subpart C — Open Formation— De-
hydrated— NSPS.
Maximum • Maximum
Pollutant or pollutant property for any 1 j for monthly
day ! average
Metric units — mg/kg of leact
used
English units — Bounds per
1.000.000 pounds ol
lead used
Copper 2151 1 02
Lead ... ! 047 I 021
Iron i 2.01 I 1 02
Oil and grease • 16.80 ' 16.80
' Withm the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(2) Subpart C— Open Formation—
Ma i , Maximum for
Pollutant or pollutant property w|r ,\ i day i ™mh|y avef"
TSS
pH
1 Metric units— mg/kg of lead
' used
1 English units — pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of lead
used
] 0.067 j 0.032
I 0.014 i 0.006
! 0.063 ' 0.032
0.53 ' 0.53
' 0.80 ' 0.64
! o : n
' Within the limits of 7.5 lo 10.0 al all limes.
(3) Subpart C— Plate Soak— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant oroperty
Copper
Lead .
TSS
PH
: 1SW ! ~-
1 Metric units — mg/kg of lead
' used
j English units— pounds per
i 1.000,000 pounds of lead
i used
1 0.026 | 0.012
' 0.005 i 0.002
i 0.025 | 0.012
| 0.21 0.21
i 0.32 ' 0.25
(') C)
'Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(4) Subpart C— Battery Wash (Deter-
gent)— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant Property
Copper
Lead
Oil and grease
TSS
oH
i-swiEg:-
! Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
• English units— pounds per
• 1.000,000 pounds of lead
1 used
| 1.152 ', 0.549
: 0.252 . 0.117
1.08 0.55
9.0 9.0
1 13.5 10.8
! Cl Cl
i Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead
Casting—NSPS.
448
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Environmental Protection Agency
§461.34
Pollutant or pollutant property i M^""f^,
. Maximum for
monthly aver- Pollutant or polk tant property
age
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
< used
i English units — pounds per
i 1,000.000 pounds of lead
, used
Copper i 0.000256 0.000122 Copper
Lead 0.000056 0.000026 Lead
Iron ' 0.00024O i OOOO122 Iron
Oil and grease • o 0020
TSS . ... 0 0030
pH (')
0 0024 TSS
(') pH
Maximum I Maximum
tor any 1 I for monthly
day I average
Metric units— mg/kg ot lead
used
English units— pounds per
1 .000.000 pounds of
lead used
0.14 I 0.07
0.03 [ 0.01
0.13 , 0.07
1.09 1.09
1.64 1.31
C) C)
'Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all limes. 'Within the Imits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(6) Subpart C— Mold Release Formu- (9) Subpart C— Miscellaneous Waste-
lation— NSPS. water Streams— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property M|n°yn',lJ'JJat)
Jr monthly aver* Pollutant or pdlutant property '
age '
sw : r*?*
Metric units — mg/kg of lead j Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used • used
I English units— pounds per • English units— pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of lead 1.000.000 pounds ot lead
used used
Copper ' 0 007
Lead ' 0 001
Iron i 0 001
Oil and grease I o 06<
TSS ' 0.09C
pH (' )
7 00037 Copper !
7 00008 Lead j
2 00037 Iron '
3 0.06O Oil and gres're )
0 072 TSS I
C) PH '
•Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 at all times. 'Within ttij limits of 7.5 to 10.
(7) Subpart C— Truck Wash— NSPS. (b) There shall be r
Pollutant or pollutant property M|nty™{"J[a||
Metric units-
truckc
English ur
1.000,000
in trucked
Copper • 0 OC
Lead ' O.OC
Iron . ' Q.OC
TSS . i 0.07
pH i (')
- ! monger', from any battery rm
i »ae ation other than the
-mo/kg of lead in facturing operations
•d batteries (49 FR ,U34 Mar 9 igg4
Us— pounds per 3Q816. Aug. 28. 1986)
pounds of lead
batteries §461.34 Pretreatmen
existing sources (1
* ! 0.003 6
i 0.0007 (a) Except as provi
«! 0.003 and 403.13, any exist
*° °-£j£ to thi; subpart that
,,,' ants into a publicly
„,. worKs. must comply
'Within the limits of 7.5 to 10.0 a. an times. m ..^ achlevg ,
(8) Subpart C— Laundry— NSPS. standards for existi
below
(1) Subpart C — Ope
hydrKted— PSES.
0.39 ! 0.19
0.085 0.039
0.37 0.19
3.07 3.07
4.61 3.69
O (')
) at all times.
10 discharge allow-
Cewater pollutants
mufacturing oper-
>se battery manu-
.isted above.
as amended at 51 FR
t standards for
PSES).
ded in 40 CFR 403.7
ing source subject
introduces pollut-
owned treatment
with 40 CFR part
:he pretreatment
ng sources listed
n Formation — De-
449
-------
§461.34
40 CFR Ch. I (7-T-99 Edition)
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
: Maximum Maximurr
(or any 1 , lor monthly
day , average
Metric units— mg/kg ol lead
used
i English units — pounds per
1 1.000,000 pounds of
i lead used
' 3.19 1.66
[ 0.71 0.34
(2) Subpart C — Open Formation —
Wet— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
Maximum , Maximum
tor any 1 lor monthly
day average
'. Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds ol
i lead used
0.100 0.053
0.022 0.010
(3) Subpart C— Plate Soak— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead
• Maximum Maximum
i (or any 1 for monthly
1 day average
Metric units — mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1 .000,000 pounds of
lead used
0.039 j 0.021
0.008 , 0.004
(4) Subpart C— Battery Wash— (Deter-
c70nrt P"=;pc:
Pollutant or pollutant Property
Copper
Lead
Maximum , Maximum
1 for any 1 lor monthly
I Day average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds ol
lead used
1.71 ; 0.90
0.38 ' 0.18
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum fnr Maximum for
"a™^ «»«£•*•
: Metric units— ng/kg of lead
i used
English units— pounds per
. 1.000,000 pounds ol lead
used
Copper
Lead
0.0004 ' 0.0002
0.00008 : 0.00004
(6) Subpart C— Mold Release Formu-
lation— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Lead ..
Maximum ' Maximum
' for any 1 ' for monthly
day ' average
Metric units— mg/kg of lead
used
English units— pounds per
1 ,000,000 pounds of
lead used
0.01 1 0.006
0.002 0.001
(7) Subpart C— Truck Wash— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum I Maximum
for any 1 , for monthly
day ' average
I Metric units — mg/kg of lead
in trucked batteries
English units — pouncs per
1.000.000 pounds of
, lead in trucked batteries
0.026 ! 0.014
0.005 [ 0.002
(8) Subpart C— Laundry— PSES.
3ollutant or pollutant property
Copper
Lead
Maximum I Maximum
for any 1 i for monthly
day i average
| Metric units— rr.g/kg of lead
used
English units — pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
lead used
! 0.21 0.11
0.05 0.02
(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead
Casting—PSES.
450
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Environmental Protection Agency
§461.35
Pollutant or pollutant property
"T
Maximum , Maximum * Maximum ' Maximum
tor any 1 (or monthly Pollutant or polltilant property ' (or any 1 I lor monthly
day average I day i average
! Metric units—nig/kg 01 lead
( used
1 English units—pounds per
; 1,000.000 pounds ol
lead used
Copper .
Lead
0.56
0.13
0.31
0.06
I Metric units—mg/kg of lead
1 used
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of
lead used
Copper .
Lead
2.15 |
0.47 i
1.02
0.21
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
(c)(l) In cases where battery em-
ployee shower wastewater containing
concentrations of lead exceeding 0.20
mg/1 is combined with process
wastewaters prior to treatment, the
Control Authority may, for purposes of
applying the Combined Wastestream
Formula under §403.6(e) of this chapter,
notwithstanding the provisions of
§403.6(e), exercise its discretion and
classify battery employee shower
wastewater as an unregulated rather
than a dilute (F^ wastestream.
(2) Before the Control Authority may
exercise its discretion to classify such
a stream as an unregulated stream, the
battery manufacturer must provide en-
gineering, production, and sampling
and analysis information sufficient to
allow a determination by the Control
Authority on how the stream should be
classified.
H9 FR 9134. Mar. 9. 1984. as amended at 51 FR
30816. Aug. 28. 1986]
§461,35 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in §403.7. any
new source subject to this subpart that
introduces pollutants into a publicly-
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
following pretreatment standards for
new sources:
(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—De-
hydrated—PSNS.
(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—
Wet-PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day i average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead
used
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds ol
lead used
Copper .
Lead
0.067 .
0.01-1 '
0.032
0.006
(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak—PSNS.
Pollutant or 'jollutant property
Maximum * Maximum
for any 1 - for monthly
day average
Metric unhs—mg/kg of lead
used
1 English units—pounds per
1 1.000.000 pounds of
I lead used
Copper .
Lead
0.026 '
0.005 '
0.012
0.002
(4) Su apart C—Battery Wash—(Deter-
gent)-PSNS.
Pollutant •:! pollutant Property
Maximum j Maximum
lor any 1 , for monthly
Day | average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead
used
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of
lead used
r
Copper
Lead ...
1.152
0.252
0.549
0.117
(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead
Casting—PSNS.
451
-------
§461.40
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutam or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maxirnurr
for monthly
average
, Metric units—mg/kg of lead
! used
I English units—pounds per
! 1.000.000 pounds of
lead used
Copper
Lead
0.000256 |
0.000056 !
0.000122
0.000026
(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formu-
lation— PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property i M™m,IJ^,!?r ' 1or monthly
, any nay f average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead
used
English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds ot lead
used
Copper .
Lead
0.007 i
0.0017
0.0037
0.0008
(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum for
monthly aver-
age
1 Metric units—mg/kg of lead
' in trucked batteries
' English units—pounds per
| 1.000,000 pounds ol learj
in trucked batteries
Copper.
Lead
0.006 |
0.001 I
0.003
0.0007
(8) Subpart C—Laundry—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum j Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day ' average
Metric units—mg/kg of lead
used
: English units—pounds per
| 1,000,000 pounds of
! lead used
Copper .
Lead
0.14 :
0.03
0.07
O.Ot
(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum for
any 1 day
/ Maximum for
i monthly aver-
age
I Metric units—mg/kg of lead
i used
English units—pounds per
, 1,000,000 pounds of lead
' used
Lead
039 i
0085
0 19
0039
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ations other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
i49 FR 9)34, Mar. 9. 1984, as amended at 51 FR
30817. Aug. 28. 1986]
Subpart D—Leclanche
Subcategory
§461.40 Applicability; description of
the Leclanche Subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States, and intro-
ductions of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from manufac-
turing Leclanche type batteries (zinc
anode batteries with acid electrolyte).
$$461.41-461.42 [Reserved]
S 461.43 New source
standards (NSPS).
performance
(a) The discharge of wastewater pol-
lutants from any new source subject to
this subpart shall not exceed the stand-
ards set forth below:
(I) Subpart D—Foliar Battery Mis-
cellaneous Wash—NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant
p-op-yj1^
. ' Maximum for
rtav monthly ave'-
' age
. Metric units — mg/kg of cells
produced
• English units — pounds pe'
• 1.000.000 pounds ol cells
• produced
Zinc
Manganese
TSS
pH
,
i
0.010 0.004
0.067 0.030
0.013 0.015
0.66 ' 0.66
0.99 0.79
') ' (')
1 Within trie range ol 7.5 to 10.0 at all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
452
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Environmental Protection Agency
§461.53
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
§461.44 Pretreatment standards for
existing sources (PSES).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13, any existing source subject
to this subpart that introduces pollut-
ants into a publicly owned treatment
works must comply with 40 CFR part
403 and achieve the following
pretreatment standards for existing
sources listed below:
(1) Subpart D—Foliar Battery Mis-
cellaneous Wash—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum
for monthly
average
' Metric units—mg/kg of cells
| produced
I English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of cells
produced
Mercury
Zinc
Manganese .
0.010
0.067
0.019
0.004
O.D30
0.015
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
[49 FR 9134. Mar. 9. 1984'. 49 FR 27946. July 9.
1984]
$461.45 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in §403.7 any
new source subject to this subpart that
introduces pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
following pretreatment standards for
new sources listed below.
(1) Subpart D—Foliar Battery Mis-
cellaneous Wash—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
| Metric unils—mg/Vg of
I cells produced
English units—pounds pe
1,000,000 pounds
i cells produced
Mercury
Zinc
Manganese .
0.010 i
0.067
0.019 .
0.004
0.030
0.015
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation othe:.- than those battery manu-
facturing ooerations listed above.
Subpart E—Lithium Subcategory
§461.50 Applicability; description of
the lithium subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States and intro-
duction cf pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from the man-
ufacturing of lithium anode batteries.
§«461.51~461.52 [Reserved]
§461.53 New source
standzurds (NSPS).
performance
(a) The discharge of wastewater pol-
lutants from any new source subject to
this subpurt shall not exceed the stand-
ards set forth below:
(1) Subpart E—Lead Iodide Cath-
odes—NSPS.
Pollutant or :ollutant property
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum
for monthly
average
i Metric units—mg/Vg of lead
English units—pounds per
I 1,000.000 pounds of lead
Lead
TSS
pH
.. . 2334 I
: 17.66 |
1 75 70 |
. 1 9462 i
i (') ,
946
820
3S48
75696
(i)
1 Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(2) Subpart E—Iron Disulfide Cath-
odes—NSPS.
Pollutant 01 pollutant property
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum for
monthly aver-
age
Metric units—mg/kg of Iron
disulfide
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of iron
disulfide
Chromium
Lead
Iron
TSS
PH
2.79 ,
2.11 i
9.05 •
113.1 •
<')
1.13
0.98
4.60
90.5
1 Withir the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(3) Subpart E—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams—NSPS.
453
-------
§461.54
Pollutant or pollutant property ,
M3..im.«T, i
, , < 0.129 0066
TSS i 1.62 ' 1.30 Chromium
pH | (') ' (') Lead
English umts — pounds oec
disutfide
2.11 1 0.98
< Within the range ol 7,5-10.0 at all times.
,.,.,. . T- A - c- uu Mcnc-
(4) Subpart E-Air Scrubbers-NSPS.
Maximum I Maximum
lor any 1 , lor monthly
day ' average
Pollutant or pollutant property
Metric units—mg/kg ol
cells produced
' English units—pounds per
' 1.000,000 pounds ol
cells produced
TSS ....
pH
434.0 •
(') '
207. 0
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
§461.54 [Reserved]
(j 461.55 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in §403.7 any
new source subject to this subpart that
introduces pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
following pretreatment standards for
new sources listed below:
(1) Subpart E—Lead Iodide Cath-
odes—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
lor any 1
day
Maximum
lor monthly
average
i Metric units—mg/kg of lead
1 English units—pounds per
1 1.000.000 pounds ol lead
Chromium
Lead
23.34
17.66
9.46
8.20
(3) Subpart E—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 , lor monthly
day , average
Metric units — mg/kg of
cells produced
| English units—fwunds per
1 1.000,000 pounds of
cells produced
Chromium
Lead
0.039
0.030 ,
0.016
0.014
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
Subpart F—Magnesium
Subcategory
$461.60 Applicability; description of
the magnesium subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States and intro-
duction of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from the man-
ufacturing of magnesium anode bat-
teries.
$$461.61-461.62 [Reserved]
$461.63 New source
standards (NSPS).
performance
(a) The discharge of wastewater pol-
lutants from any new source subject to
this subpart shall not exceed the stand-
ards set forth below:
(1) Subpart F—Silver Chloride Cath-
odes—Chemically Reduced—NSPS.
454
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Environmental Protection Agency
§461.64
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximurr for
monthly ave'-
age
Pollutant or polluiint property
Maximum lor
any 1 day
Maximum for
monthly aver-
age
Metric units—mgykg of silver
processed
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of silver
processed
Metric units—rug/kg of cells
I produced
! English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of cells
produced
Silver
Iron
TSS i
COD
pH i
22.93 10.65
23.75 9.83
98.28 49.96
1.228.5 . 982.8
4.095.0 1,999.0
(') (')
Lead
Silver
Iron
TSS
pH
0.026 0.012
0.027 0.011
0.112 0.057
470 2.30
1.41 1.13
(') H
'Within the r;.nqe ol 7.5-10.0 at all times.
' Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(2) Subpart F—Silver Chloride Cath-
odes—Electrolytic—NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units— mg/kg of
silver processed
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of sil-
ver processed
Lead
Silver
TSS
COD
PH
406 :
42.1 '
174.0 !
2 175 0 '
72500
18.9
17.4
88.5
1 7400
3540.0
' Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(3) Subpart F— Cell Testing— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthfy
average
I Metric units—mg/kg of
) cells produced
English units—pounds per
I 1.000,000 pounds ol
cells produced
i
Lead
Silver
TSS
COD
pH
1 195
153
63 1
7890
2,630.0
i (')
7.89
6.31
321
631.2
1.290.0
I')
1 Within Ihe range o) 7.5-10.0 at all tmes.
(4) Subpart F—Floor and Equipment
Wash—NSPS.
(5) Subpart F— Air Scrubber— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units— mg/kg of
cells produced
English units — pounds per
' 1.000.000 pounds ot
1 cells produced
TSS .
pH ...
8.467.0 I
4,030.0
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 al all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturin g operations listed above.
[49 FR 9L34. Mar. 9. 1984; 49 FR 13879. Apr. 9.
1984!
§461.64 Pretreatment standards for
existing sources (PSES).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13, any existing source subject
to this subpart that introduces pollut-
ants irto a publicly owned treatment
works must comply with 40 CFR part
403 g.nd achieve the following
pretreetment standards for existing
sources listed below:
(1) Subpart F—Silver Chloride Cath-
odes—Chemically Reduced—PSES.
' Maximum ' Maximum
Pollutan or pollutant property i for any 1 • for monthly
i day ' average
i Metric units—mg/kg ol
i silver processed
! English units—pounds per
' 1.000.000 pounds of sil-
' ver processed
Lead .. .
Silver
I 1 032.36 l
! 1.007.78 i
491 60
417.86
455
-------
§461.65
(2) Subpart F—Silver Chloride Cath-
odes—Electrolytic—PSES.
' Maximum , Maximum
Potlutant or pollutant property ' tor any t ( for monthly
• day , average
1 Metric units—mg/kg ol
! silver processed
I English units—pounds per
{ 1,000.000 pounds of sil-
' ver processed
Lead ..
Silver .
60.9 i
59.5 '
29.0
24.7
(3) Subpart F—Cell Testing—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property •
Maximum ! Maximum
for any 1 i for monthly
day ' average
i Metric units — mg/kg of
i cells produced
I English units—pounds per
• 1,000.000 pounds of
cells produced
Lead
Silver
22.1 j
21 6 |
10.5
8.9
(4) Subpart F—Floor and Equipment
Wash—PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property ,
1
Maximum ' Maximum
for any 1 ' far monthly
day average
i
I Metric units — mg/kg of
cells produced
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of
cells produced
Lead ..
Silver .
0.039
0.038
0.018
0.015
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
$461.65 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in §403.7 any
new source subject to this subpart that
introduces pollutants into a publicly
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
following pretreatment standards for
new sources listed below:
(1) Subpart F—Silver Chloride Cath-
odes—Chemically Reduced—PSNS.
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutant or pollutant property
i
I
E
Maximum , Maximum
for arty 1 > for monthly
day average
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver processed
I English units—pounds per
• 1,000.000 pounds of sil-
• ver processed
Lead ..
Silver .
22.93
23.75 '
10.65
9.83
(2) Subpart F—Silver Chloride Cath-
odes—Electrolytic PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
silver processed
I English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of sil-
ver processed
Lead ..
Silver.
40.6 '
42.1
18.9
17.4
(3) Subpart F—Cell Testing—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximur, Maximum
for any i for monthly
day average
I Metric units—nig/kg of
I cells produced
| English units—pounds per
' 1,000,000 pounds of
cells produced
Lead ....
Silver...
19.5
15.3
7.89
6.31
(4) Subpart F—Floor and Equipment
Wash—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any i
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
cells produced
; English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of
cells produced
Lead
Silve-
0.026 i
0.027 i
0.012
0.011
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
456
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§461.71
Subpart G—Zinc Subcategory
§461.70 Applicability; description of
the zinc subcategory.
This subpart applies to discharges to
waters of the United States, and intro-
ductions of pollutants into publicly
owned treatment works from the man-
ufacturing of zinc anode batteries.
$461.71 Effluent limitations rep-
resenting the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the applica-
tion of the best practicable control
technology currently available
(BPT).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
125.30 through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best practicable control
technology currently available:
(1) Sufapart G—Wet Amalgamated
Powder Anodes.
BPT BTLUENT LIMITATIONS
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property I
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum tor
monthly aver-
age
Metric units — mg/kg of Zinc
English units— pounds per
1 ,000.000 pounds of Zinc
Silver i
Zinc :
Oil and grease
TSS . i
pH '
1.67
0.95
1.56
5.55
2.58
76.0
155.8
(')
0.68
0.38
0.65
2.32
1.10
45.6
74.1
(')
1 Within the range of 7.S—10.0 at all times.
(2) Subpart G—Gelled Amalgam An-
odes.
Pollutant or poiluiant property
Zinc
Oil and grease
TSS
pH
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units— mg/kg of Zinc
English units — pounds per
1 .000,000 pounds of Zrrtc
0.30
0.17
0.26
0.99
0.46
13.6
27.9
(')
0.12
0.07
0.12
0.42
0.20
8.16
13.26
(')
'Within the r-nge of 7.5—10.0 at all times.
(3) Subpart G—Zinc Oxide. Formed
Anodes.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or tollutant property
Silver
Zinc
TSS
pH
Maximum •• Maximum
for any 1 . for monthly
day i average
Metric units — mg/kg of Zinc
English units— pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of Zinc
62.9 1 25.7
35.8 1 14.3
58.7 i 24.3
208.8 87.2
97.2 41.5
2.860.0 1.716.0
5.863.0 2.789.0
'Within If. 5 range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(4) Si.bpart G— Electrodeposited An-
odes.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Zinc
TSS
pH
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 < for monthly
day i average
Metric units — mg/kg ol zinc
deposited
English units— pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of zinc
deposited
1.404.0 ; 574.0
798.0 319.0
1.308.0 543.0
4,657.0 1.946.0
2,169.0 \ 925.0
63.800.0 1 38.280.0
130.700.0 i 62,210.0
(') ' (')
'Withn the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(5) Subpart G—Silver
Forrred Cathodes.
Powder.
457
-------
§461.71
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
(8) Subpart G—Nickel Impregnated
, Maximum j Maximum
Pollutant or pollutant property , for any 1 for monthly
day average
Silver
Manganese
Oil and grease
TSS
PH
Metric units — mg/Xg of
silver applied
English units — pounds pe-
1.000.000 pounds of sil-
ver applied
86.2 35.3
49.0 19.6
80.4 33.3
286.2 119.6
133.3 56-8
3.920.0 2.350.0
8,036.0 3,622.0
(') {')
1 Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(6) Subpart G— Silver Oxide Powder,
Formed Cathodes.
^atnoaes.
BPT EFFLUENT
Pollutant or pollutant property
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
TSS
oH
LIMITATIONS
Maximum • Maximum
lor any 1 for monthly
day ! average
Metric units — mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds ol
nickel applied
721.6 ' 295.2
410.0 | 164.0
3.149.0 [ 2.083.0
672.4 279.0
2.394.4 ; 1.000.4
1,115.2' 475.6
32.800.0 ; 19,680.0
67.240.0 : 31,980.0
t'l • f>
Pollutant or pollutant property I
Maximum
tor any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
I Metric units—mg/kg ol
silver applied
1 Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(9) Subpart G—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
English
1.000
ver a
Silver
Zinc
Oil and grease 2.
TSS 5C
PH
units— pounds per
,000 pounds of sil- Pollutant or pollutant property
pplied
57.7 23.6
32.8 13.1
53.7 22.3
91.3 . 79.9
39.1 38.0
520.0 1,570.0
70.0 2.554.0
,rv ,„ Chromium
uyamde
1 Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times. Mereurv
(7) Subpart G— Silver Pe
odes.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITAI
Pollutant or pollutant property ' ^p™"^
Nickel
roxide Cath- „
Silver
IONS 0,1 and grease ....:::': 7"
.„ Maximum tor ..
age 'Within the ranqe of 7 S-10.0
i Maximum
; for any 1 i
| lay i
Maximum
for monthly
average
! Metric units — rng/kg of
i cells produced
i English units— pounds per
1 ,000.000 pounds of
cells produced
! 3.85
2.54
2.19 .
16.82 ,
3.59 '
12.79 '
5.96 '
', 175.20,
| 359.16
(') !
at alE times.
1.56
1.05
0.88
11.12
149
5.34
2.54
105.12
170.82
{')
Metric units—mg/kg of silver
applied
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of silver
applied
(10) Subpart G—Silver Etch.
Chromiu
Mercury
Silver ..
Zinc
Mangan
Oil and
TSS ....
OH
ese . .
1 138
.. 7 85
129
458
21.4
6280
1 2870
(')
5.65
3.14
5.34
19.2
9.11
377.0
612.0
I1)
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
458
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
lor any 1
day
Maximum For
monthly aver-
age
i Metric units—mg/kg ol silver
processed
' English units—pounds per
I 1,000.000 pounds ol silver
. processed
Chromium
Silver
Zinc
TSS
pH
21.6 j
! 12 3 :
I 202 i
! 71 7
' 334
i 982 0 i
2013-1 !
(')
8.84
491
835
300
14.3
5892
9575
<')
'Within the range ol 7.5-10.0 at all tiroes.
(11) Subpart G— Silver Peroxide Pro-
duction.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
I Maximum for
| monthly aver-
Metric units—mg/kg of silver
peroxide processed
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of silver
peroxide processed
Silver
TSS
oH
23.0
13 1
21.4
762
355
1 044 0
2 1400
(')
9.40
522
8.88
31 80
15 10
62700
1 018 00
(')
' Within the range ol 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(12) Subpart G—Silver Powder Pro-
duction.
BPT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
§461.72
(b) There :.hall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
|49 FR 9J34. Mar. 9. 1984; 49 FR 13879. Apr. 9.
19841
§461.72 Effluent limitations rep-
resenting the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the applica-
tion of the best available tech-
nology economically achievable
(BAT).
(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR
125.30 through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions reprasenting the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of ;he best available technology
economically achievable:
(1) Sul:part G—Wet Amalgamated
Powder A nodes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
i Maximum , Maximum for
Pollutant or [mllutant property | lor any 1 monthly aver-
j day , age
. Metric units—moAg of Zinc
English units—pounds per
' 1.000.000 pounds of Zinc
Chromium ..
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
0.24
0.14 •
0.23 '
0.80 |
0.37 !
0.099
0.055
0.093
0.34
0.16
(2) Subpart G—Gelled Amalgam An-
odes.
Pollutant or pollutant property \
\
i
i
Silver
Zinc
Manganese - i
TSS .
DH
hJl«>wi«ni ,m tnr MftJUfPUffi fOl*
a™ay ™n*V «"•
Metric units — mg/Vg o' silver
powder processed
English units— pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of silver
powder processed
9.33 3.82
5.30 2.12
S.69 3.61
30.95 12.93
14.42 : 6.15
424.0 254.40
B69.0 413.40
(') 0)
BAT EFFLUENT
Pollutant or pollutant property
Manganese
LIMITATIONS
Maximum ; Maximum
tor any 1 : lor monthly
day average
Metric units— mg/kg of Zinc
English units — pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of Zinc
0.030 0.012
0.017 , 0.007
0.028 0.012
0.099 0.042
0.046 0.020
(3) Subcart G — Zinc Oxide Formed
'Within the range of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
Anodes,
459
-------
§461.72
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
ME
Pollutant or pollutant property fo
Met
Ens
i 1,0
Silver
Zinc
(4) Subpart G— Electr
iximum Maximum
any 1 for monthly
day average
•ic units — mg/kg of Zinc
lish units — pounds per
30,000 pounds of Zinc
9.53 I 3.90
5.42 j 2.17
8.89 , 3.68
31.64 •• 13.22
14.74 6.28
odeposited An-
Maximum ' Maximum
Pollulant or pollutant property for any 1 ' for monthly
1 day average
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver applied
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of sil-
ver applied
8.73 3.57
4.96 1 .99
8.14 . 3.37
28.98 ; 12.11
13.50 ! 5.76
odes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum I Maximum
tor any 1 ; for monthly
day average
(7) Subpart G—Silver Peroxide Cath-
odes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
I Metric units—mg/kg oi zinc
1 deposited
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of 2inc
deposited
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of
I silver applied
I
i English units—pounds per
ng
(5) Subpart
i 94.47
3803
G— Silver Powde
3865
36 50
r Formed
Chromium,
Mercury
Silver
ver applied
2.09
1.19
; 1.95
3 24 '
0.87
046
0.81
Cathodes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
lor any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
(8) Subpart G—Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
Metric units—mg/kg ot
I silver applied
' English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of sil-
ver applied
1
Pollutant o" pollutant property |
Maximum i Maximum
for any 1 , for monthly
day , average
Metric units — mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units—pounds per
of
Zinc
13.07 .
7.43
12.18 i
43.36 '
20.20 '
(6) Subpart G— Silver Oxide
Formed Cathodes.
5.35
2.97
5-05
18.12
8.61
Powder
Chromium
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
nickel applied
; 88.0 i
50.0 i
384.0 I
292 0 i
1360 '
36.0
20.0
254.0
34.0
122.0
58.0
(9) Subpart G—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams.
460
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
§461.73
8A" EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
i Maxim
Pollutant or pollutant property i lor an
! day
urn Maximum
i 1 for monthly Pollutant or polijtant property
average
1 Metric units— fng/kg of
1 cefls produced
English units— pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
; cells produced
Cyanide ! 0 38 016 Mercury
Mercury . .. . 0.32 I 0.13 Silver
Nickel
Manganese ... j
2 48 ' 1 64 Zinc
0 53 | 0 22 Manganese
0.88 i 0.37 (b) There shall be
, , ^ ,_ ^ „ , ^ ance for process was
(10) Subpart G-Silver Etch. from any battery m
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS " ion other than th
factunng operations
\ Maxim
Pollutant or pollutant property i for an)
j cay
Maximum : Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver powder produced
1 English units — pounds per
1.000.000 pounds o! sil-
ver powder produced
1 1.41 '. 0.58
0.80 I 0.32
1.32 ( 0.55
4.69 - 1.96
2.18 0.93
no discharge allow-
tewater pollutants
anufacturing oper-
ose battery manu-
listed above.
M loathly !« FR 91:4. Mar. 9. 1984: 49 FR 13879. Apr. 9,
average 1984)
MelvLgrni^n^? °' §461-73 New soui
i •****»"> standards. (NSPS
English units — pounds per
i 1.000,000 pounds or sil- (a) The discharge
ver processed lutants from any nei
Silver '
Zinc i T
9 * '
(It) Subpart G— Silver P
duction.
BAT EFFLUENT LIMITAT
Maxim
Pollutant or pollutant property for an;
day
I Metric
silver p
English
1,000
ver pe
Chromium
Zinc 1
, C.I11S SUUpal L Mlclll HO
! « «« ards set: forth below:
i«! K26 CD Subpart G-Zi
rj.as -s.54 Anodes — NSPS.
Pollutant c! pollutant property
eroxide Pro-
ONS ;
, 1 tor monthly chromium .
: ***<**> M^,,ry
units-pounds per *
000 pounds oi sil- ycq
KnaOe produced
pH
•ce performance
).
of wastewater pol-
v source subject to
t exceed the stand-
nc Oxide Formed
rW^"^
*s™
Metric units — mg/kg of zinc
English units — pounds per
1 .000.000 pounds of zinc
4.55 j 1.97
2.82 i 1.19
4.5S ' 1.97
0.87 | 0.39
6.50 , 4.98
216.7 i 216.7
325.0 ' 260.0
(') {')
3.48' 1.42 ' With n the limits of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
I 96 ' 0 79
324 ,'34 (2) Subpart G — Electrodeposited An-
1.55 4.83 odes — NSPS.
5.38 2.29
(12) Subpart G—Silver Powder Pro-
duction.
461
-------
§461.73
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
tor any 1
day
MaximuiT
lor monthly
average
Pollutant or pollutant property '
I Metric units—mgyxg of zinc
! deposited
English units—pounds per
i 1,000,000 pounds of zm:
I deposited
Metric units—mg/Kg of silver
applied
English units—pounds per
| 1,000,000 pounds of stiver
I applied
Oil and grease
TSS
45.09 19.54
27.91 11.81
45.09 19.54
8.59 ' 3.86
64.41 | 49.38
2.147.00 2,147.00
3,220.50 2.576.40
PH (') C)
'Within the limits of 7.5-100 at all limes.
(3) Subpart G— Silver Powder Formed
Cathodes— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant properly
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 tor monthly
day average
Chromium
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
Oil and grease
TBS
pH
1 .00 ' 0.43
0.62 1 0.26
1 .00 ' 0.43
0.19 0.09
1.43 1.09
47.6 ' 47.6
71.4 ! 57.1
(') ' [<>
' Within the limits of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(6) Subpart G— Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
' Maximum \ Maximum for
for any 1 ' monthly aver-
day | age
i
Metric units—me/kg of
silver applied
I English units—pounds per
i 1,000.000 pounds of sil-
ver applied
Metric units—mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of nick-
el applied
Chromium
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
TSS
pH
i
I
i
6.24 ' 2.70
3.86] 1.63
6.24 i 2.70
1.19 0.53
8.91 ' 6.83
297.00 i 297.00
445.5 i 356.40
o ! o
'Within the limits of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(4) Subpart G— Silver Oxide Powder
Formed Cathodes — NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant property ' ^y™ ™afyor
Maximum to*
monthly aver-
age
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
TSS
PH
42.0
26.0
42.0
42.0
8.0
60.0
2,000.0
3,000.0
18.2
11.0
18.2
18.2
3.6
46.0
2.000.0
2.400.00
n
1 Within the limits of 7.5-10.0 at alt times.
(7) Subpart G— Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams— NSPS.
Pollutant or pollutant
property |
i
Maximum for
any 1 day
Maximum for
monthly aver-
age
! Metric units—mg/kg of silver
1 applied
I English units—pounds per
I 1.000.000 pounds of silver
. applied
• Metric units—mg/kg of cells
produced
English units—pounds 06'
1.000.000 pounds ot cells
: produced
M ° ^
TSS 297.8
pH {')
238.2
O
Chromium
Cyanide
Mercury
Nickel
Sliver
Zinc
TSS . .
pH
.... i 0.27 0,12
.... ! 0.039 0016
0-17 ; 0.07
0.27 : 0.12
0.27 0.12
0.05 0.02
0 39 0 30
1935 1648
(*> rt
(5) Subpart G—Silver Peroxide Cath-
odes—NSPS.
1 Within the limits of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(8) Subpart G—Silver Etch—NSPS.
462
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Environmental Protection Agency
Maximum Maximum
Pollutant or pollutant property for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver processed
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds ol sil-
ver processed
Silver
Zinc i
Oi( and grease ., 7
TSS 11
pH
1.56 0.68
197 0.41
1.56 0.68
130 0.13
2.23 1.71
4.40 74.40
1.60 89.28
(1) (')
1 Within me limits of 7.5-10.0 at an limes.
(9) Subpart G— Silver Peroxide Pro-
duction— NSPS.
Maximum . Maximum
Pollutant or pollutant property ; for any 1 , for monthly
i day , average
Metric
' silver p
English
1,000.
: ver pe
Silver
Zinc !
Oil and grease ............ 7
TSS ' 11
pH
units — mg/kg of
«roxide produced
unto — pounds per
000 pounds of sil-
roxide produced
.66 072
.03 0.44
I.66 0.72
3.32 i 0.14
>.37 • 1.82
9.1 0' 79.10
S.65 . 94.92
('} , (')
< Within Ihe limits of 7.5-10.0 at all times.
(10) Subpart G— Silver Powder Pro-
duction— NSPS.
Maximv
Pollutant or pollutant property for an>
day
' Metric
1 silver
English
i.OOO.
i ver po
Silver
Zinc !
TSS 4
PH
jm Maximum
1 for monthly
average
units— nig/kg of
sowder produced
units— pounds per
X)0 pounds of sil-
wder produced
167 0.29
142 0.1S
3.67 0.29
113 0.06
196 0.74
2.10 32.10
3.15 38.52
I1) (')
1 Within the limits ol 7.5-10.0 a! all times.
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
§461.74
§461.74 Pr atreatment standards for
existing sources (PSES).
(a) Except; as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13. any existing source subject
to this sufcpart that introduces pollut-
ants into a publicly owned treatment
works must comply with 40 CFR part
403 and achieve the following
pretreatmont standards for existing
sources:
(1) Subpart G—Wet Amalgamated
Powder Anode—PSES.
Pollutant or p illutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of zinc
English units—pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of zinc
Chrorniurri ...
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Manganese .
0.24 i
0.14 '
0.23
0.80
0.37
0.099
0.055
0.093
0.34
0.16
(2) SuDpart G—Gelled Amalgam An-
odes—P!3ES.
Pollutant ci- pollutant property
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Manganese .
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
(Or monthly
average
Metric units—mg/kg of zinc
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of zinc
0.030 '•
0.017 \
0.028 i
0.099 '
0.046 !
0.12
0.006
0.012
0.042
0.020
(3) Subpart G—Zinc Oxide Formed
Anodes—PSES.
Polluta'l or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
I Metric units—mg/kg of zinc
| English units—pounds per
i t,000.000 pounds of zinc
Chromium ...
Mercur,
Silver
Zinc
Mangsiese .
9.53 ,
5.42.
8.89 I
31.64 ,
14.74
3.90
2.17
3.68
13.22
6.28
(4' Subpart G—Electrodeposited An-
odes—PSES.
463
-------
§461.74
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Maximum , Maximurr
Pollutant or pollutant property ' for any 1 tor monthly
! day average
' Metric units—mgykg of zinc
deposited
, English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of zinc
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum ' Maximum
for any 1 t for monthly
day i average
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver applied
1 English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of sil-
Silve*-
Zinc
94.47
53.68
88.03
313.46
146.00
38.65
21.47
36.50
130.97
62.26
(5) Subpart G— Silver Powder Formed
Cathodes-PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
_i
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Silve-
Zinc
K
2.09
1.19
1.95
6.95
3.24
0.87
0.48
0.81
2.90
1.38
(8) Subpart G— Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
; Metric unils—mg/kg ol
, silver applied
English units—pounds per
i 1.000.000 pounds ol sil-
' ver applied
Metric units—mg/kg of
nickel applied
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of
nickel applied
Silver
Zinc - -
(6) Sufapart G— Silver
Formed Cathodes— FSES
Mai
Pollutant or pollutant property for
: t
Me
13.07 5.35
7.43 Z.97
12.18 i 5.05
43.36 ' 18-12
20.20 8.61
Oxide Powder
imurfl ' Maximum
any 1 ' for monthly
ay average
Nickel
Silver
(9) Subpart
water Streams
Pollutant or pollutant
88 0
50 0 •
364 0 i
I 82 0 i
i 2920 '
G— Miscellaneous
PSES
36.0
20.0
254.0
34.0
122.0
58.0
Waste-
| Maximum I Maximum
property | for any 1 ! for monthly
i day 1 average
I silver applied
English units—pounds per
i 1,000,000 pounds of sil-
; ver applied
I Metric units—mg/kg ol
t cells produced
' English units—pounds per
• 1.000,000 pounds ol
Silver
Manganese
8.73 ! 3.57
4.96 ! 1.99
8.14 | 3.37
28.98' 12.11
13.50 5.76
(7) Subpart G— Silver Peroxide Cath-
odes— PSES.
Cyanide
Nickel
Zinc
Manganese
1
1 0 57 '
1 038 '
' 248
0.53
1 88
0.88
0.23
0.16
0.13
1.64
0.22
0.79
0.37
(10) Subpart G—Silver Etch—PSES.
464
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Environmental Protection Agency
§461.75
Pollutant or pollutant property
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
Maximun Maximum
lor any t for monthly
day average
Metric units~mg/kg of
silver processed
English units — pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of sil-
ver processed
3.27 i 1.34
1.86 i 0.74
3.051 1.26
10.86 4.54
5.06 2.16
(11) Subpart G— Silver Peroxide Pro-
duction— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units— mg/kg of
silver peroxide produced
English units— pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of sil-
ver peroxide produced
3.48 1 1.42
1.98 0.79
3.24 i 1.34
11.55! 4.63
5.38 ' 2.29
(12) Subpart G— Silver Powder Pro-
duction— PSES.
Pollutant or pollutant properly
Silver
Zinc
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 for monthly
day average
Metric units — mg/kg of
silver powder produced
English units — pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of sil-
ver powder produced
1.41 0.58
0.80 0.32
1.32 0.5S
4.69 1.96
2.18 ' 0.93
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
(1) Subpart G— Zinc Oxide Formed
Anodes— PSNS.
n
Pollutant or polli tanl property
Chromium
Silver
Zinc .
Maximum ' Maximum
tor any 1 ' for monthly
day • average
Metric units— mg/kg of zinc
English units — pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of zinc
4.55 1.97
2.82 1.19
4.55 1.97
0.87 0.39
6.50 4.98
(2) Subpart G — Electrodeposited An-
odes— PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Maximum • Maximum
tor any 1 lor monthly
day average
Metric units— (ng/kg of zinc
deposited
English units — pounds per
1,000.000 pounds of zinc
deposited
.
45.09 i 19.54
27.91 11.81
45.09 19.54
8.59 ' 3.86
64.41 49.38
(3) Subpart G— Silver Powder Formed
Cathode;;— PSNS.
Pollutant c pollutant property
Chromium
Silver
Zinc
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 ! for monthly
day I average
Metric units— mg/kg of
silver applied
English units — pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of sil-
ver applied
6.24 ' 2.70
3.86 1 .63
6.24 2.70
1.19 0.53
8.91 6.83
facturing operations listed above.
§461.75 Pretreatment standards for
new sources (PSNS).
(a) Except as provided in §403.7 any
new source subject to this subpart that
introduces pollutants into a publicly-
owned treatment works must comply
with 40 CFR part 403 and achieve the
following pretreatment standards for
new sources listed below:
(4) Subpart G—Silver Oxide Powder
Formed Cathodes—PSNS.
465
-------
§461.75
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-99 Edition)
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
] Maximum
(or monthly
average
Pollutant or pollutant property i
™
any
-^ «H i Maximum (or
i i rt«?r I monthly aver-
V ' day i age
\ Metric units—mg/kg of
I silver applied
I English units—pounds per
I 1.000,000 pounds ol sil-
I uer applied
! Metric units—mg/kg of cells
! produced
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds oi cells
produced
Mercury . 2.58
Silver 4 17
Zinc 0.79
1.81
1 09
1.81
036
4 57
(5) Subpart G—Silver Peroxide Cath-
odes—PSNS.
Chromium ..
Cyanide
Mercury
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
0.27 '
0.039 '
0.17 ,
0.27
0.27
O.OS
0.39
0.12
0.016
0.07
0.12
0.12
0.02
0.30
(8) Subpart G—Silver Etch—PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
(or any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Pollutant or pollutant property
' Metric units—mg/kg oJ
• silver applied
> English units—pounds per
. 1.000,000 pounds of sil-
ver applied
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
Metric units~mg/kg of
silver processed
English units—pounds per
1.000,000 pounds of sil-
ver processed
Zinc
062
i 1 00
i o 19
! 1 43
1 ' J
0.43
0.26
0.43
0.09
1.09
(6) Subpart G— Nickel Impregnated
Cathodes —PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant
Maximum
properly ! for any 1
! day
1 ...
Maximum
for monthly
average
Chromium
Mercury
Silver ..,
Zinc
9a ese
1.56
0.97
1.S6
0.30
2.23
0.68
0.41
0.68
0.13
1.71
(9) Subpart G— Silver Peroxide Pro-
duction— PSNS.
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum
for any 1
day
Maximum
for monthly
average
: nickel applied
i English units—pounds per
' 1,000.000 pounds of
nickel applied
Metric units—rrtgAg of
stiver peroxide produced
English units—pounds per
1.000.000 pounds of sil-
ver peroxide produced
Nickel
Zinc
Manganese
]
26 0 i
420 I
80 '
60.0 i
T1 0
18 2
3 6
46.0
Chromium ,
Mercury
Silver
Zinc
Manganese
1.66
1.03
1.66
0.32
2.37
0.72
0.44
0.72
0.14
1.82
(7) Subpart G—Miscellaneous Waste-
water Streams—PSNS.
(10) Subpart G—Silver Powder Pro-
duction—PSNS.
466
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Pt. 463
Pollutant or pollutant property
Maximum Maximum
for any 1 lor monthly
day average
Melric units—fttg/kg of
silver powder produced
English units—pounds per
1,000,000 pounds of sil-
ver powder produced
2inc
Manganese
, 0 67
1 042
• 0 67
! 013
' 096
029
018
029
006
074
(b) There shall be no discharge allow-
ance for process wastewater pollutants
from any battery manufacturing oper-
ation other than those battery manu-
facturing operations listed above.
[49 FR 9134. Mar. 9. 1984: 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9.
1984]
PART 463—PLASTICS MOLDING
AND FORMING POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
463.1 Applicability.
463.2 General definitions.
463.3 Monitoring and reporting require-
ments.
Subpart A—Contact Cooling and Heating
Water Subcalegory
463.10 Applicability: description of the con-
tact cooling and heating water sub-
category.
463.11 Specialized definitions.
463.12 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
practicable control technology currently
available.
463.13 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable.
463.14 New source performance standards.
463.15 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
463.16 Pretreatment standards for new-
sources.
463.17 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
conventional pollutant control tech-
nology.
Subpart B—Cleaning Water Subcategory
463.20 Applicability: description of the
cleaning water subcategory.
463.21 Specialized definitions.
463.22 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
practicaole control technology currently
available.
463.23 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable.
463.24 Nev, source performance standards.
463.25 Prenreatment standards for existing
sources.
463.26 Pre :reatment for new sources.
463.27 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
conver tional pollutant control tech-
nology. [Reserved)
Subpart C—Finishing Water Subcategory
463.30 Applicability; description of the fin-
ishing water subcategory.
463.31 Specialized definitions.
463.32 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
practicable control technology currently
avail.ible.
463.33 E ifluent limitations guidelines rep-
reserting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
available technology economically
achievable.
463.34 New source performance standards.
463.35 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
463.36 Pretreatment standards for new-
sou rces.
463.37 liffluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduction
attainable by the application of the best
conventional pollutant control tech-
nology. [Reserved!
AUTHORITY: Sees. 301. 304 (b). (c). (e). and
(g), 30f, (b) and (c). 307. 308. and 501. Clean
Water Act (Federal Water Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972. as amended by
Clean Water Act of 1977) (the "Act"): 33
U.S.C. 1311. 1314 (b), (c). (e) and (g). 1316 (b)
and (:). 1317 (b) and (c). 1318. and 1361: 86
Stat. !!16. Pub. L. 92-500; 91 Stat. 1567, Pub. L.
95-217.
SOURCE: 49 FR 49047, Dec. 17. 1984. unless
otherwise noted.
467
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