United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4301
EPA 822-R-94-001
May 1994
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
-------
-------
DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
AND HEALTH ADVISORIES
by
Office of Water
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C.
202-260-7571
SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE
1-800-426-4791
Monday thru Friday, 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM EST
May 1994
-------
-------
LEGEND
Abbreviations column descriptions are:
MCL
RfD
DWEL -
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal. A non-enforceable
concentration of a drinking water contaminant that is protective of
adverse human health effects and allows an adequate margin of
safety.
Maximum Contaminant Level. Maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a public
water system.
Reference Dose. An estimate of a daily exposure to the human
population that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious
effects over a lifetime.
Drinking Water Equivalent Level. A lifetime exposure concentration
protective of adverse, non-cancer health effects, that assumes all
of the exposure to a contaminant is from a drinking water source.
{*) The codes for the Status Rea and Status HA columns are as follows:
F
D
L
P
T
final
draft
listed for regulation
proposed
tentative
Other codes found in the table include the following:
NA
PS
II
* * #
not applicable
performance standard 0.5 NTU - 1.0 NTU
treatment technique
No more than 5% of the samples per month may be positive. For
systems collecting fewer than 40 samples/month, no more than 1
sample per month may be positive.
guidance
Large discrepancies between Lifetime and Longer-term HA values may occur
because of the Agency's conservative policies, especially with regard to
carcinogenicity, relative source contribution, and less than lifetime
exposures in chronic toxicity testing. These factors can result in a
cumulative UF (uncertainty factor) of 10 to 1000 when calculating a
Lifetime HA.
-------
The scheme for categorizing chemicals according to their carcinogenic
potential is as follows:
Group A; Human carcinogen
Sufficient evidence in epidemiologic studies to support causal association
between exposure and cancer
Group B: Probable human carcinogen
Limited evidence in epidemiologic studies (Group B1) and/or sufficient
evidence from animal studies (Group B2)
Group C: Possible human carcinogen
Limited evidence from animal studies and inadequate or no data in humans
Group D: Not classifiable
Inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity
Group E; No evidence of carcinogenicity for humans
No evidence of carcinogenicity in at least two adequate animal tests in
different species or in adequate epidemiologic and animal studies
-------
CO
a.
I
I
£
s
•8
I
I
CO
*
i
a>
a
-
"
••
i
i
CO
«
-
tn
1
1
•*
u
s.
••
+*
0)
o
-
"
33
£
O)
6
T"
-
«
/ C
C
*
„ 1
j
T5'
1
a- ' ' "'
1 ' "
s
& §
''it
3 T
ril
a •!•
a""
*o »•• j-t
I*!
•4
It
C §
O ~~
in '
K
!!
!!••
ft
I d>
] 'CO
* fv*
-
** ' * ' "„,'„, ' ••'<•*
i 03Q3CQUcoQQQcOQQClC_)OOa3OO i
- tO * ' S ' "
0 0 «* '0 '
*•; q q q q «-
* i. / ,*
1^ rs p* co oo •• s
OOO<>j • Q d o ' ^ ' ^ • 'do,'
-•.^%'^^^
w in" tn v« " , ' %
»* cococoo *o>
'od'oodododoo'odd1 ',' • • jr-tg1
'co "' '„
O tt>
co T- • *- ,-,»- o en tf> •* cJ
• • • 'coaj1
•* CD CO ' •* f T— ' •"
«- o in •*
^q ,qcn o o n
•od'o* ''*'', d* do 'odd1 ' ' • • '^co1
CM CM.
'I *
CM_ r^ q <3o o cjocto% ' >%-". f f
"' f ff'" f f*. / "•"* '"•" ^ C •" •• "•-• ••
= "'£ ^ =r 71 ~ ~Z. *
^* T" LL. IJ^M QJ- flj- *^^
5^ "*"* ^f c ^ c ^^
8 1 if 11 1 llflf 2
CD CD CD *••* •""• .^ * r* . ^^ V^~ O- rt flj
wj J™ C 03 ,'~ "~ 3 O P v •*•• ^. 5 "^ T. « ftj
t^ « ^T ^^ ^^ f^ ^,5 ,™i +™5 ,~ ^2 CD C .C [K ^S +^ N Sf N t*t N ^
-------
M .
1
1
1
1
MJ
i
43
i
i
£
CO
v.
s>
1
t*i
1
1
a
en
»—
>.
1
v Advisories
S"
to
•R
I
%
o
I
•^
•o
M
u
6
<
•
•
<,
t
-
;
t
CO
£
p
§•
s
a
;?
E«l
Isr
••P D)
a*
% ra
Q £.
Q ^J 15
£|«
lit
§ * §
Ol c 23)
|*1
i s*
'If
c £.
O
** 3.
if
I!'
| g,
.l^Jo^JJ^fslfoa' oJsL'laJ
vV <^-
o o *TO v r^ o r*^ o v* c? o C) ^* ^~ ~O o
1 o ' ** o *' c5 * ' % k 'o o^ * 4$^ c> ^> * ^> * j^c>o * f 'cJocJ'C*
1 ' '? ' ^ ^> "^s ^ ,. *^ ** ^ ^ '/ s ^"
- ^ ^ /• * ^^ X "" •"' v {VJ ^^ ^^ jjffc
JLO ^^ ^^ C) SVir 'il^ C3 ^D ii) ^D •l^t '"sj* <•" ^^ lO ^^ ^^ i^"^ C!^
- "*••*-.''''* to ' " * "*' ' '^
j >' r» CM o
to T- in o o LO o ^-tn in .... m.. .csi
t-'CMCM^O to ' % OO Or-OOt r-OO «-C\)cMO O
OOqOfMO ,«-OOr-O)OOO OOO OOOO O
1 d d o d d^d } ' c,dddddd, dd'ddd ' 'dddd'd.
' '' -'" ^ "CM to "' < T- Q d "sf1 d d 'to Id'~d ' ' 'ds^r^d 'd
"*^ v> ^* " tsi*r* ' '" ' ' s to' ' ' f»i% is
1 r- TJ- ri d '••' T- \ * ;_ T~ *c?,d T-- d ^d ' CM ' 'd d d ' * d < \ ^ ' v ^ ' co "* * s to * %co
" v T— s * .. O CM " ^t O "sf ^O CM O ^
'Yr-p>,fSjdlCM'1 ' *T- d, O 'ff r- <«-'d<5j-»-r^e«)'"dr>-'<5)-o>d ' 'dtncMO'd
"? "• /' \ *' " , ' *
Q H.-Q p U. i U. Q Q Q" U. U. U. ^ Q 'u-Tu. C^Q p U. C) J i U. uT U. tlT . | Q
i i*j!idl ' ' ' 'dd'cs'd* ' * ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 'd1
c5 ci „ ^ d
N'N^ N . N . . N * N N »
if. i i i i < i Q > O *, Q ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ,O
— ' ' ,' h- >* H (u ' -' ^ i *„ ' /-' ;"J " f -4"i'
'"'•'•' S=f _" "{ /v> ^ ; J? j,fe, 2
1 1. i if- 1 , g i ' 1 - ' t § -P 1 1
^_ v» i~ "v— fc— 3 ^ -^ ^ 3 ro ro ro (Q i^ j*— j*- j^ j^Z -C -d .j^Z ,*^ j^- >i^I J» J— >c jH i>-
PQ f^ p^ pO pQ pQ QQ ^fl Q] pQ ^J (j ^J (^ ^J ^C^ ^J CJ CJ ^J ^^ tj Q^ ^^ ^J ^^ ^J ^J ^J (^
s
1
(O
o
d
to
o
i
1
u
3
s
haloacetic
published
•<§ s
£*
**• (n
•a 2
« •=
t2!
+ Q.
+ £
>.
•^ o
qj ^
1 -5
i!
at exceed the
a; a "Databas
ined cann
icient dal
P
5i
irrent MCL + Total for all THK
HA will not be developed due
CJ<
*
* *
-------
CO
<•}' t ' "o ' * ' ''* '
r' < 'r "" .^ <" -
,
CM , ' ' v <
O / CM'
^ in
Q. uj % o
' " ' 'o ' ' ' O ' ' " O f
• "
f,, f t% /- 5: - ? '',
|x */ O fr-i' ,, CM
o-dd«-* ' 'odd •"•' d' ' ' ''
'. «-; W •* ^t «q »-
TCJC3C«3««*tf>1 'OOOCMO
en
"o
co
, *- CM O CM
o LO o c£> o o
', d d d p'd ,« d
ico ' ' O o en
p d ' Cf
O ,O" O C>,
en co
8r- CM <6 O
p p p p-
> d o d o d
•* ' en "q ^
o O d O c> • oo
. <
c9 o O o O • ?' '/^% xf
eo
r- .T-,. 05 O» O 'O, ' 'O r-
'
o ^ y ',«;''
'«-,OCOOO,»CMO ' ' o '*% «-
:,2^ •
- <;
b> o o
CO
o
''CO O5
p p
ro CM CM.;]d ' d '*
t '$* V. V
- 8
o <'
>^ - -^ T> T ;f %: i .- 1 ;-, C^ --' ^ S
U. ji, U. t U. «; Q U/ . J^ U-^OQ ^U- %H»y U- tt, Q ,tL, U. U. U. 4,' Q ^j" U. £
p CM -^
' d >dp'
is. <
- p '> CM -t
'» d ,' d d
+
s ' E
;/ g , ,<.
Ndd d N;'-\N/?,
< ' 4 y< 'v%
-- , rf <" , - - -
_l s < u. pjk u. U^. • ij, _J uu, _i M _i ^j h- *J u. U. u. ' J- _i tt. u. xt u. U. i '. u. J
' /V / S *^ «•? J-J^Wiji •" S-f ff e •. f f f f f
* - 4 -" > ? - ' v /
5 CQ
i
*
St & »J S l
.Q;o.a
' OOO
«
„ o
-------
&
«£
i
i
1
I
J!
I
i
to
Stancfarc
u
s,
0 <
±f
•a
S
U
0
i
•
t
<
«
<
1
1
a
1
a
"oi
«- cc
ll
E €?
2 O)
S £
> O)
a-i
£ «!"
£
|I!
TO § "Sl
COC
If
£*-
(D IS*
U
o *""
<
A
i!
I!
A
™. •
5 O)
CM o " " '/ ?, o " , , A* o £>
i < Q os ' \d * ' Jo' ' / ' 'id ( o * i" i "j i > ' o ' p ' Ot '
% ''' ***' ' *'' *" S v» C ' V " ^' '''' ''* •> 5- v
v\ •<-?' ''" ^ ''*''' "f"' o " s 'CM ' 'CM
•• • - ^ <- % o o vj o r- o o
i i • * 10 f ' p- cs o • o ' ,/ 'd'pdpdoddd'd1!^.'^
T*~ ^3 j^^ *4* *^i* oo ^5 r^ *""* y^ ^^ ^^
oo r> o «- o o oo'^toi^oo oo
1 cddo T o w o r^ 'odd 'o 'r-r-ddddddoco 'odd
CO r- ' "f "f'f \ , ' •*
CO O > r^ ', c^ O CO ^O CM
OO " OCMT-T- CMOCMOCM OO
OO CMOS OOO O rOCOOO ^'O OJ O O O O
OOOO^OOCOCM OOO O OOOOOOOOO^" Q^°
1 'odd (dodd 'odd 'd 'ddododdddd ICMOO
CM. * , "'' % V '' '' en , , ;
O3O *& **f O *^ 1^* CM
OO ^ % t* 'O '-OOTMOp *^c-2
1 ' o O ' T ' ^^ O tfj ' O ^ lrrt ' Q1 ' *~ ^ *~ ' O *^ O O O O CO ' O O O
m ^f CM
o ' co co in
coo ^oo»— o or» o
C3 ^5 ^3 CO ^" C3 CO CO C3 ^i* CO CM *_ * C^ ^^ C5
' ' C^ CO"-> ' ^ ' CO CO c^4 ' t^ CO f^ ' CO ' CJ CO * CO CO CO CO ^3 CO *™" ^ CD C5 CO
^ -r - S* « ' *
in ' ' » „ , ' ^
O ' ' "• ^ 00 O1
COO'' **OO '«— CM O 'O
OO OLO«* co-^rt ,O^ OOOT- q f?,O
• •• o ,0 • ^ • co o SM • do d •pod'-/ d d <- p o d co o ^ ' '^ ''"* ' ^
* ^ v * '
o
to , , ••, rx CM i_ o
5 O O CM O C O
O ' ' ''•'» O O T- O "^ !*• o
° " •" ° ' ^ O " CM O S S
, * ; s / , - 1 a \ t j , , . --; ,§,,1§.).5§N^s,(,
f •>• fAf. f ' ^ •> *•
> jl- -^^^^^ ,, •• ^
0 ' J
J*-* T * ,.,• / «• '
- m I ^ ' ; «
^5-o'^s^l^ til 25:1 " ' " x ^'1_^
c re,. C"^D^Q.:» -cj2c ^^-o (u -«7- ,£ §^
bbbcibQbQCiQQ-r-QQ+J'QQQbbbbbiSiSiS"ujiljLutji±!
-------
in
v
<3>
£
i
i
I
I
f
1
O)
(O
(A
•a* :
0,
!
T3
<
£
«j
a*
31
-
•a
e
4?
+*
w
^
>
'&
•e
(O ,
o<
-
f ,
+*
1
o>
>•*
o
r«»
-
2
a
*
O
^i
i
<
<
i/>
•ra
u
i
$ "
s .
3ff
It
' «'*
' « C
O m
eo
d>
II
a*
"I
& e
5 J.
"Si __
S-¥
2 f-8
£
*ge
o> £ o>
i ._
in
- If
- si
frto
11
o
s<
« * ' % ' '" A'' ' ', ' ..''
Q Q O , O ea , UJ S 2 ffl O O O a Q O 2 U Q - U O Q 1U Q O * ;O
' ' * - , "i' '>'•. K.,' -^ '/'' x /- =•
«' t ' /" ' 'r ">" \^ c '••' , "! ' '< ' *"C
5 O O «S , , '/,-> « ' "
' O O O ' ' ,"' v' '<'" '
O O O « ' ,',,",",
' >, ' f ' f ' C) d 6 ' ' ' f ' ' f ' •* ' "' ' <' ' ! ' f'-i ' ^
',"'-• i f ', ':,"-'•
" .s ' ' ,''%>>' ',.*, '/
, ) 'Z „', - ~ v- /' ^ v < ^ '* '- >* ',
in ,-i- - f T- - o c<* Q
Q O,QI^ oo tsiit rr1^ o«s O«^Q o
qi'c>J1O«-OC3> ' •d'd^OQ'od'OO-S'OOO'Q
, , , , ":•*.,. -54 '" A1" ' ''f ' '' *
' <'•.",-, , ,<> , ,
; o ' " '<&
r^ r* o m t^ •** , «- v>,, •• o
•* o oooowo ^ ' o oco oo> , , '-'''" , '' '&"
jri oo ' " « ' " co in ol
oo 'c4 owocsrvr-co o T-ininQ
T- »* ow oiijoooo cow O„'-,<;?' ' , , ' "/,
CM ^ in /'" "" ',' '-- „ !; f' tq
o q o co ,-,,-, £* ^ «"? Q «?
oj 'IN 'din loo 'do >'m«*couu'lino ^t-doddd 'd
n CM ,, ,, -;, '* ; ' xr- « „ ^ «- ,
y ' ''-' " ' , , '"'' '', "% v^' ! % '^t "''
pa T- T— 10 in
O ooooo ts-r-co^qica
c\i 'r» 'do 'odddd 'inocotn 'mo 'r-doddd 'd
r- ' CM '»—"«— CO «—
•!t CN •* CM
O O r- O O
o o O in o o •*
i^ o o p o o o o;
> > « * .,«, • •* d d d d ' d ' k ' fd' • Jd' • * 'd' '
* * v -• ^ .>
> - ' a
SSSom 2- o •*
'. ^ S S S ° °. S 9 9 (
i i i i i i i O " OO1111 i i i o i i i i Q i »
• i_I> i i i U. U. U. U. 1— U_ _1 ' i cQ-_li J U- i i i _J U. i >,
.." ;H C --'''' ••>•-' "
, ". "S ,;f % -, ? S
C -# % > Si RJ
'• « r 1 ' J ' -\ 1 • ' -. ;
« '7* 2 ^ >• o +3
-------
(O
1
I
I
I
I
CO
I
I
>.
(0
1
•52
<
1
O
. •
•a
1
s
I
o>
g
*o
a
•
i.
Mi
1
c
t
t/
i
$
Chemicals
0.
1
a
O .S2
5?
tl
^53 u
§1
uj£=
> O)
D ~
iff
*"™*
C
3*~
Is e
_i •—
Is
1*
f|
a ~
w
i <
23=
0
ji
II
|i
& '''' 'Vc>I "** t,' CM '^ ' ^ '-CM
Q O Q < Q Q i Q, Q Ul uj (OQ'«Q O. CO Q O Q.CJ Q , Q O CJ (J O CO
- - 1 , 'A £'";: " H ' >? i^"5 "^
"v 4>v J- ' "' & ' ''* O ' - 00
s ""•"-•' "«>• * CO , ""," O , , •• CO o
<"* i x^' • V' Si"J t '** . *'t ° "." . . °" , , "1 ' , s, ° * ^
O T~" c^J v t— ' r-r*»-r^cJ O
dd.d t do ' o'^ddd'/'d'''dd • ddddo ' 00,0,00""
en ^ ' a> ' ' •<* o S
CM ^to o T Is* *» ' o co ji5 d ' «~ *', O«""*
, ,; , •• i< •• „{ j f , «, , «
^ X .\ '•, **''<, s~ •••• <. > v - oo
•, ',•*•: ^ , ' ^ 10 -' " ~ r* O
in ' co s •* yf co *>j q co ' ^ c>r oq ^ in "~ °, *? LU
O--MO 'cso'd, do', d id'lcod 'dd.ddin- • 'ddcNd5"
„ % ", ;"•*£* •,- f •• tf «>-*;» \* <•
co oi in J^^cs o", ' d d p* d' '"d '* CO'Q i'odO'-u? ' >docM^dr~
,>^ '> »4 >% ' ""^ ^ '* ' * ' •• i- '^ *O
;(\ i(> \^oo cvj, «-j ', / ^ (5^*00 in t— o ob .>.
co CM m I( CM o ' 'd;"d od', T-j'coo'ddd«~in' •ddoO'-
°' " "^1- *-g' A. «
^^ *^ ^r c3
% A CD o O '
11 ' id'1 ' 'd'^'d^'cad' • ' ' ' ' • •do1'*3
-• * --f vil: v" 2' ' "'^ S "'*' " ' " S °
' r- '' ^. fs , CO gj J. Ll. ,,»j] ' ^' i JLii i ''l^U. ;..'.. i LL. U. ,_j i < i i,' c <' i it, U. lj" LL
1* ?: '- ?f -:v ;^ ^ Si?g ;' '" -. v'
;; . -* i 4 ^ ftv ^ Pt.
o3 ^^ ""X "-'X •%'*%£ •" ^ <• <• *""••
M ' "w,
-------
1^.
0>
i'Sjs
II
O O)
«I
id
5'; ,,
Q o ,
2 a
, a' Q "p u , « , u v , ; o < a
» , '/?•• , ,v , , ^'«
O
o
o
TO o r«-
m o o o
in
O
o
;co
T- O CO
q q q <* o
q q
d d
to
q
d
in
co
8
CM
1 d
m
o
*~ 9
o O,
CO,
i- co
<
O'dddd' • « 'do* ' * d > <.^ <-x •• >
,~> ^c «r I
C- vin
in
oo o CM
o 'o o
_, ,. >—^ ^ "«*^ ^J Ni^ V^f \^/- %w^
1 ^"d o d to d -< • ,< • jdsd '« • Q d co o
v/m * , v oo O CM
'*fdddod» • ' 'do* 'do
-. S " s
coo
U. U. 0. U, Q U- * U- U- .U.
Q Q UL U. U. U- > U.QQQ.U.QQU,U.U.(i,
P
d
2"
> co
'$%
f? d d
J? x
, a
S °
m in "A
o 'o
<- ''- ', O.
f f T^i C3 w s f ff c
*» q «si q ,« , ^ / ft, ,g .
_i u. i a,, UL u.
— i U.
- , ,
. i .ix''''ii. J u. U.. . _i _i F i ,u * ' LL.U.
, ^^ 'S ", X ^ / f^ '
•a
a>
.52
2
a.
c
Q
10 TB
'5 ?
.» s
!C «
§1
ij
I i
"D J2
CD 15
Q. O
O <0
a5 o
11
-|
= »
5 I
< «
* +
* +
-------
CO
<3
0.
1
I
CO
*
I
I
CD
tn
a>
&
CO
2
<
1
to
1
•D
i
OT
w
S>
U
l<
: **
5
O)
3
r»
T3
0
-?
O
t-
<
•
t
•
^
Chemical?
a.
1
5
t J«t
0 .2
** ec
*•• I*"
03 a>
o
ll
fc O
to
II
42 e
^5*~
si$
ii
~B>
9^'lr
Se ?•§
£
III
| se
c5 e ^
en E 01
g S £
_i
Sr —
(Q •?
•9 «
SI
H
!«
§ E
O
en
3< '
!X
11
If
A
2 d>
!*
r ,- / ' H '<, "• ',-• 4, , /V, ",;
-. _ v rf <<• ^ %•• "• i. f i. '•. f *
_ vx ,'-,;' ^V
,OQ<;< £3mQ O,,,, QQQ'QQQ, , ,«, OQO,*
x,' "K'> " ' '- , ' „ '«- //
\ , - - w ' , ', „ „ , - r^
-1 ' 00 "" %>
CM ^ , 0 ' !>
0 2 0 ' - - , * ,
0 0 '0 , ' ,' '' 7- "' '' ^- >,"
' ' ' ^o.o '"c5 * ^ ' -' ' v.'', ' ?',/ ' 'J, "Fit" H ' ,t •
f^ ,, I,, '<\ •>•••• v'^ ~"'. ',,' ','' , ' ' #•*
' c •* "" /'i •*•'•(•• <;.. x ', g *' f
J- --< '?X t 'r ~
, m" , ?, - &> * -- „ ' "<^
- "O . O * Co O *fr
.Os. <64 ' 0 » *> 0 r- Oi ^ , Q 0 T-t
' O O ' ' r-), ' O O, <5j ' ' « O p^ ' Q ' s' ' / ' ^09.'
: i r- '- '-- -, '- > ^' -', ^ v. ^:
- ' . ' «Si '" 10 " " ' ''„ V ,'f
O ""Cvl 'POO <^i»«?S(<» QCM,tt>
• i d ' ' ics"c> w ,o co ' ' o • d • • ' * • p'6 d •
'>/ s ' ' ? '•*,
" J ' f ~'\ tt'ff, r •, ^ r , A ••*
v •• -.^ ^^ ^ N 'fy- f f f ~ •, / '
•* u> s - rt
o ,10 o^ ^iftpJ -~.ioom
o fvo'o oo**oo o( <0
' »d* • pd
in , j^
-- , C4 0 10
O O 00 W O O l»>
1*01. ' o ro d'-1'1'd'd'ii>i do*-1
ta
«- v , O 1- ,.
C3 0i O tS rvl O U)
i i o i i '^-d d'-''Iididi(11' 'do1
-'i
"' "*' c< >'- "f. ;' ' '-'' '
^ ^- - -" ' '- ' m"s
O 0> O «S O
ii >od d"-"11'1^'^1''11 rdt-»
CO s O
£ fr ^~
* -' V ' , ;>
5 ' , ,. • £> CM
'< 4 K- -^ %--X-- ••
Q Q U. Q • ip- Q Q • U,. Q Q Q p^Q U, ' U, • > i " . Q U, Q U. U.
>
<0 U- * . (0 ' 'J J CN
ou>So*~o IL L o
OO^ OOO «Qr-p"
1 ';d d CM d • cS o <* ', ^ <*>o*-c»)eM g o«-
• ' d k f* c^d' d* ''tcJcJd'-d't^.'^. • d'do
*
<*
_i i u. * u_ u.u-_r~ju.. H— i|— H— iu.LL.Q.u-h-l— U-_J a. _i u. a.
^ •" f
* , ?'
E ', ^ f , ' !/ ,/v.
r —o ' ' -'-, '' -", tt ,,:
*~ •. 'f- ', >-*,,,,, „ Hv
'A , f,r ^ .„ ^ - .^ ^
1 " '"' -:' -•• '% 1 I I
y -'t ' '. ' S ^ ,§§!<, i i f
2E,- ce p ' , 6 -S ' ^ E .So13?? ^ i S3
!!i!
9 ^Ec2wc^So8roj:x;^:£:x:£o™=>S>:Sra «°.9.t
5 <<<<<^jSoQmmOUUOOOOOOir3:ij2 2222
-------
•*
X :
1
•* .
W
"H-
I
t>
I
#
S
1
,
*>
3
O
N
-'
O
jj>
o
*"
•*•
/
t
£
fl
3
J
-'
— -
1
JC
O
§•
2-
(3
o|
> :f !
If
8*
sis
•II
•.
J0>~
*C g» ^p
"*"
III
•^ """
iL — .
si's
• c Q> c
3'*^ —
%S s
Y en
c g
I-""
fs- _;
D)
Q *""
|<
/3
^
i J.
1 ^ ^
- E
* >— <
o
3 01
1*
- -^
* * , fQ , O , , Q O Q O /,"V^- < ^ < ?('<
,- - v,% -r^^^
1 ' ' ^ ' '\ ' \, ' -/, ' >; |^ Js-S S §
: -! ' "'" j'f , "
So '
0 0
*t O O
Q ^ V O w ^1, . - J.
»o ^ % . •"'
* <•>)• o
* o o
N * o q
^ - V , *~ '^- 7 a. •• '.
So' '
S>' S§ g § , , ,, ;; -/S
*~ O ^? tD 1O" ^^ CO CO O
d'dd'p'd'pdd • • « • » d
CNJ q
O> t- i-
1
1 ' ' d • 10 • d • •, co « !> , • ''> • • •
, ^ _. •# v , r, ,. \^
' •• ts
o . v v, ^
pj ' q ^ s
•_ ' • 'o • ui • d ' r;-< , •
r»
, ; , v, '' ,^ , v ' :-*
• ' 0 ' UJ ' 0 ' ' tD /^ J *
^ - - fV ' ' ^
' « "''""'' ''1'l^^^dt
m #o ^ fe o o o Qt- ^.
«- o d ( • > d ' • • ' **, i^ 8 ° ^ ^
' ' at ''''' '• 2
^-00''* 0"1'1' NNNNNN
U.U.U.I i_lQ.U._Ji_J _l^ Q. Q. Q. Q. Q. Q.
C
>~~* ' •• f: f^ IV( ^ ^ ~
tf> ,
"J, ^ c oj -73
J5 - « S S ts
S^^ ^ ^ 53 Qo ^^
^a a «fl ^ 3 ^
~*^ , 3 So "-SwC'y
'ro££e:5
"5^^>"-5S^^c;guo Q S '§ 5 g '•§ ^ •§ 'g
ZigW&5MH^§NN' tt fi * (B(T
•> • «
-------
03
O)
Q)
1
I
I
I
j§
I
§
o
to
O)
, — .
si
D)
W
i
M
3
<*->
43
CO
J2
(0
E
0>
O.
; •
CO
CM -t±
d |
2 S 0
LO CM o
0 "
o m
% *
~
„
LL LL U.
V
E
3 < O U
,%" I* 5f^
> " < «; , f'<,
03 <
'53
o
O t Q m co
^ g CM 0 Q
i
c
o
* >ft f -^
rt ^ f ffff *ff ff "•
"" V %t I*"" *
? I
4- V f f "
LL LL li. LL LL
ffef f
-
Vf f f'ff
'~
ff 'f '"f f f *
\ ' ••'
v '*. <•%"•'•
^
41
- / ^ w ' "
, , ^
0)
- CO
^ CO
.'> ^ ^
QJ CO "D .=
Q. 0 ^C C
CL fc O « <—
§ o Jt § o
0 °,a- "-^
\_
*«• 0?- ^
JXv ^^^i
''-E m ,
C* m
O' 00
10 -S IT- o o
H ' o 1 - \£> o in
o -o m ° '%S^v 4. ^ ^
^^ « * ' ''*•'
•"^'-'•i ^'"•'':'v "* ^^
" ~ ^ ""**' f ^^ ^
f f *,ff f ' ^^f ••
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
•> •••> ^ ^ x > •"
f" "" ;Cc"
''V", : ''' 'f,3n
•p\^v>, ' ~~ ', »yQ
' "" r"™*
' ' ' < * ''Aift '
f(*f ^/ ,* ' ^ *-^
v^'l*' •••,"' '!.?—
-' '; ^ o
'a?
w 1
0)
c ^— ^
CO CD T3
co w. it co -^
c Q y* <£ <° o
«2 ^ I « 3 B .E
^ O Q. W W 1— N
CO
_c
1
LL
TO
03
CO
O
Q.
O
d
1
QL
a B
CO
0)
X3
O
O
CO
3
•*->
CO
+— '
CO
CD
T3
-------
1
r-
0)
O)
CO
£
0)
r-
co
_J
O
O
^__|
O
2
M
3
w
• t
o
, i_
1 <5
5
iN
*~
CD
D
t
O
i_
CD
N
tL
Viruses
~0
<3>
+-*
CO
co
=i
CD
CO
CO
"O
CD
M^
CD
T3
tL
O
5
'w
C
O
o
.E
"5 CD
o 2
J2 c
co o
Lr'-S
® >2
to "E
CD ^3
O i_
CO Q
H— •(-!
H I
fl
co o
i*
t CD
CD "O
W
f f
Q_
0)
CO
C
c
o
O)
-------
-------
-------
------- |