FY20I3
EPA Budget in Brief
United States Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of the Chief Financial Officer (271OA)
Publication Number: EPA-190-S-12-001
February 2012
www.epa.gov
Recycled/Recyclable - Printed on 100% postconsumer recycled paper.
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Budget in Brief
Table of Contents
PAGE
Overview 1
Summary Resource Charts
EPA's FY 2013 Budget by Goal 9
EPA's FY2013 by Appropriation 10
EPA's Resource History 11
EPA's Resources by Major Category 12
Highlights of Major Budget Changes 13
Goals
Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality 21
Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters 35
Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development ...47
Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution 61
Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws 69
Appendices
Summary Resource Tables
EPA's Resources by Appropriation 79
EPA's Program/Projects by Program Area 81
Highlighted Programs
Categorical Grants 95
STAG (State and Tribal Assistance Grants) 97
Estimated SRF Obligations by State (FY 2011 -FY2013) 105
Infrastructure Financing 109
Trust Funds (Superfund, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks) 115
List of Acronyms 121
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Overview
Mission
The mission of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
is to protect human health and the environment.
Budget in Brief Overview
The Agency's FY 2013 budget request supports the Administration's commitment to
ensure that all Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and
protect the environment where they live, learn and work. The EPA's work touches on
the lives of every single American, every single day as we protect the environment for
our children, but also for our children's children. The mission, day in and day out, is to
protect the health of the American people by keeping pollution out of the air we breathe,
toxins out of the water we drink and swim in, and harmful chemicals out of the food we
eat and the lands where we build our homes and our communities. We are committed to
advancing environmental justice and achieving transparency in agency decision-making
as an integral part of achieving our mission.
Environmental challenges and health threats have the capacity to limit opportunity and
hold back the progress of entire communities. Recent events such as the radiation
released after the earthquake in Japan and the environmental impact of large-scale
disasters, both natural and man-made, reinforce the critical importance of fulfilling the
EPA's mission and providing the safeguards that the American people look to the
Agency to deliver. We will meet these challenges by using the best available scientific
information, ensuring fair and effective enforcement of environmental laws, and
providing all parts of society—communities, individuals, businesses, and federal, state,
local, and tribal governments—access to accurate information so that they may
participate effectively in managing human health and environmental risks. The EPA's
work is guided by the best possible data and research and a commitment to
transparency and the accountability that comes with it.
To learn more about how the Agency accomplishes this mission, including information
on the organizational structure and regional offices, visit: http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa.
FY 2013 Annual Performance Plan and President's Budget (including FY 2011
Annual Performance Report)
The EPA's FY 2013 Annual Performance Plan and President's Budget requests $8.344
billion, approximately $105 million below FY 2012. The Agency recognizes the difficult
fiscal situation that the nation is facing, and is making strategic adjustments to sustain
necessary and fundamental human health and environmental protection within core
resources and programs. In preparing the FY 2013 President's Budget, we reassessed
our priorities and focused on the most critical work of the EPA and our state and tribal
partners to maximize the effectiveness of our resources and collaboration. This budget
reflects our commitment to finding ways to do our work more effectively and efficiently
while achieving the same or potentially better results, and realizing cost savings.
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To support continued progress toward the most critical goals and outcomes, the FY
2013 request reprioritizes and adjusts funding levels. Where possible, the Agency is
leveraging its resources by expanding or building new partnerships with other federal
agencies. In addition, the Agency is focusing resources on the problems of the future
and is eliminating certain mature programs that have accomplished their goals, and
where there is the possibility of maintaining some of the human health and
environmental benefits through implementation at other federal agencies or the state or
local level because they are well-established and well-understood.
The EPA strives to connect the results we have achieved to our planning and budgeting
decisions and to support our overall strategic direction and the FY 2012 - 2013 Priority
Goals. Toward this end, the Agency has worked to integrate the FY 2011 Annual
Performance Report and FY 2013 Congressional budget justification. The EPA's FY
2011 performance information is highlighted throughout the budget request, notably in
the sections titled Program Performance and Assessment and Overview of FY 2011
Performance sections, which describe key accomplishments and challenges for the
EPA's five strategic goals and five cross-cutting fundamental strategies.
FY 2013 Funding Priorities
Improving Air Quality and Climate Change
The EPA is dedicated to protecting and improving the quality of the Nation's air to
promote public health and protect the environment. Among the most common sources
of air pollution are highway motor vehicles and their fuels. The EPA's work to establish
the new fuel and national emissions standards to reduce emissions of air pollution and
educate consumers on the ways their actions affect the environment have led to a real
success story. The national program of fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards for
light-duty vehicles alone will save approximately 12 billion barrels of oil and prevent 6
billion metric tons of GHG emissions over the lifetimes of the vehicles sold through
model year 2025. In FY 2013, $102 million is provided for Federal Vehicle and Fuel
Standards and Certifications. In addition, Federal Stationary Source Regulations work is
funded at $34 million which includes a $7 million increase to support the development of
New Source Performance Standards and to more efficiently coordinate actions to meet
multiple CAA objectives for controlling both criteria and toxic air pollutants while
considering cost effectiveness, the technical feasibility of controls, and providing greater
certainty for regulated industry.
We will continue to address the impacts of climate change in FY 2013. An increase of
approximately $32.8 million over the FY 2012 Enacted budget for climate protection will
allow the Agency to support the full range of approaches to reducing GHGs and the
risks its effects pose to human health and the environment and to property. This
increase includes $26.5 million for categorical grants for states and tribes. The
economic costs of not addressing climate change could include reduced productivity
through missed work and school days, increased hospital visits, respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death - especially for certain vulnerable
populations like the elderly, the poor, and children.
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Protecting America's Waters
The EPA's ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that
address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems,
such as urban waters, estuaries, and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined
with pollution carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate
in these ecosystems and degrade them over time. The EPA and its federal partners
along with states, tribes, municipalities, and private parties, will continue efforts to
restore the integrity of the imperiled waters of the United States. In FY 2013, the EPA
will fund the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative at $300 million, maintaining FY 2012
enacted funding levels, and fund the Chesapeake Bay program at $72.6 million, a $15
million increase over FY 2012 levels.
Sustainable Water Infrastructure
The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds are provided $2 billion in
FY 2013. As part of the Administration's long-term strategy, the EPA is implementing a
Sustainable Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with states and
communities to enhance technical, managerial and financial capacity. Important to the
enhanced technical capacity will be alternatives analyses to expand "green
infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Federal dollars provided through the
State Revolving Funds will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and
ongoing management of sustainable water infrastructure. More fully utilizing the
revolving fund capitalization grants provided to our partners will enable States to build,
revive, and "green" our aging infrastructure.
To help ensure that water is safe to drink and to address the nation's aging drinking
water infrastructure that can impact water quality, $850 million for the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund will support new infrastructure improvement projects for public
drinking water systems in FY 2013. In concert with the states, the EPA will focus this
affordable, flexible financial assistance to support utility compliance with safe drinking
water standards. The EPA also will work with utilities to promote technical, financial, and
managerial capacity as a critical means to meet infrastructure needs and to enhance
program performance and efficiency.
The EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund to enable EPA partners to improve wastewater treatment, address
nonpoint sources of pollution, and promote estuary revitalization. Recognizing the
expected long-term benefits of healthy aquatic systems as economic cornerstones vital
to property values, tourism, recreational and commercial fishing, and hunting, the EPA
is requesting $1.175 billion in FY2013.
Protecting Our Land
The Superfund program protects the American public and its resources by cleaning up
sites which pose an imminent or long term risk of exposure and harm to human health
and the environment. In FY 2013, the Agency will maintain the funding level necessary
to respond to emergency releases of hazardous substances as well as maintain the
goal of sites achieving human exposure and groundwater migration under control. In
addition, as one of the Superfund program's primary goals, the Agency will continue its
"enforcement first" policy and identify and pursue potentially responsible parties (PRPs)
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Overview
to pay for and conduct cleanups at Superfund sites to preserve critical federal dollars for
sites where there are no viable contributing parties. This will include negotiating and
settling with PRPs and utilizing the special account funds which the Agency obtains
from PRPs to finance site-specific CERCLA response actions in accordance with the
settlement agreement. PRP resources, state resources, and appropriated resources are
critical to the Superfund program. As of the end of FY 2011, the EPA is carefully
managing more than $1.8 billion in special account resources and has developed multi-
year plans to use these funds as expeditiously as possible consistent with applicable
requirements. The EPA will maximize all of our available tools and resources to
continue our Superfund work, while attempting to minimize programmatic impacts.
Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals
Ensuring the safety of new or existing chemicals in commerce to protect the American
people remains a key EPA priority. Chemicals are ubiquitous in our everyday lives and
products. They are used in the production of everything from our homes and cars to the
cell phones we carry and the food we eat. Chemicals often are released into the
environment as a result of their manufacture, processing, use, and disposal. FY 2013
funding will be directed toward chemical safety, increasing support for actions to reduce
and assess chemical risks, and obtaining and maximizing the availability to the public of
needed information on potentially hazardous chemicals. The current program activity
levels continue to leave a backlog of chemicals to be tested. The FY 2013 overall
increase of $36.4 million to the EPA's chemical programs is essential to support a
crucial stage of the EPA's strengthened approach to address existing chemicals that
have not been tested for adverse health or environmental effects.
21st Century Enforcement
This FY 2013 budget builds upon current efforts to transition toward using 21st Century
technology in enforcement and compliance, resulting in long-term savings to the federal
government, states, and the regulated community as the overall cost of compliance is
reduced. Investments in new technology, including e-reporting and more advanced
monitoring tools, will allow the EPA and our state partners to more easily identify,
investigate, and address the worst violations that affect our communities. By embracing
new approaches to harness 21st century technology tools, the Agency will meet our
goals more effectively and efficiently.
In FY 2013, the Agency will redirect or refocus approximately $36 million within the
enforcement and compliance programs in order to transform and modernize our
approach to enforcing the nation's environmental laws. This effort will enhance the
EPA's ability to detect violations that impact public health, reduce transaction costs for
the regulated community, and better engage the public to drive behavioral changes in
compliance. The EPA will promote e-reporting by implementing new technologies,
develop and disseminate advanced monitoring tools, upgrade agency IT infrastructure
to exploit more fully the wealth of new monitoring data, and modernize the EPA's
approach to enforcement by ensuring new and existing rules incorporate electronic
reporting. In FY 2013, as a key element of this approach, we will assist states in
modifying their data systems to implement e-reporting with their regulated facilities,
leading to improved compliance and transparency.
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Supporting State and Tribal Partners
Supporting our state and tribal partners, the primary implementers of environmental
programs on the ground, is a long-held priority of the EPA. Funding to states and tribes
in the State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG) account continues to be the largest
percentage of the EPA's budget request, at 40% in FY 2013. For Categorical Grants,
$1.2 billion is provided, reaffirming the EPA's commitment to states that implement rules
and rely on Federal funding to maintain core environmental programs in light of state
funding uncertainties. At $114 million over FY 2012 Enacted levels, this budget request
for Categorical Grants provides increases of $66 million for State and Local Air Quality
Management, $27 million for Pollution Control, and $29 million for Tribal GAP.
As part of the Agency's commitment to tribes, we are proposing a $29 million increase
over the FY 2012 enacted levels to enhance the Tribal General Assistance Program
(GAP) resources. This funding level for GAP grants will build tribal capacity and assists
tribes in leveraging other EPA and federal funding to contribute towards a higher overall
level of environmental and human health protection.
Expanding Partnership with Other Federal Agencies
The EPA continues to work with its partners across the federal government to leverage
resources and avoid duplication of efforts and maximize the effect of federal resources
in environmental protection. For example, to support sustainability efforts, the EPA has
joined forces with the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to align housing, transportation and
environmental investments through a Partnership for Sustainable Communities. Adding
to that effort, the Brownfields program has become a laboratory for innovation in
sustainable development where efforts to remediate polluted sites and make them
available for reuse by the community often includes green infrastructure, Smart Growth
principles, efficient building techniques, or other steps towards building a sustainable
city.
Building on the existing collaboration efforts to protect or restore the nation's waters, the
EPA and US Department of Agriculture (USDA) will enhance existing coordination
efforts in reducing non-point source pollution. The Agency also recently joined ten other
federal agencies in launching the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, aimed at
transforming urban waters into neighborhood centerpieces and foundations for
sustainable economic growth. The EPA will continue to work with the Department of
Energy (DOE) and the US Geological Survey (USGS) on a Hydraulic Fracturing Study
of potential impacts on drinking water.
Priority Science and Research
Science and research continue to be the foundation of all our work at the EPA. The
Office of Research and Development's integrated and cross-disciplinary organization of
the scientific research programs provides a systems perspective. This perspective is
critical to the performance of the EPA and increases the benefits from high quality
science. Superior science leads to shared solutions; everyone benefits from clean air
and clean water. Rigorous science leads to innovative solutions to complex
environmental challenges. In FY 2013, the EPA is refocusing resources to support a
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Center for Innovative Estuarine Approaches, and advancing efforts in both lifecycle
chemical safety and sustainable molecular design.
The Center for Innovative Estuarine Approaches will develop innovative scientific and
technical solutions to inform policies, environmental management structures, and
business approaches to ensure the sustainability of our coastal watersheds and
estuaries. Additional funding is for sustainable molecular design of chemicals to develop
inherently safer process and products that minimize or eliminate the associated adverse
impacts on human health and the environment. This effort will provide new principles for
alternative chemical design and reduce the likelihood of unwanted toxic effects of
nanomaterials and other chemicals.
The EPA also will continue to build on current research to study the potential impacts of
hydraulic fracturing on drinking water. Building on ongoing research, the $14 million
total request in FY 2013 for hydraulic fracturing research will begin an effort to assess
additional questions regarding the safety of hydraulic fracturing. The research will be
coordinated with DOE and USGS under a developing Memorandum of Understanding
which emphasizes the expertise of each Federal partner, and will include an
assessment of potential air, ecosystem, and water quality impacts of hydraulic
fracturing. The EPA also will release an Interim Report on the Impacts of Hydraulic
Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources in 2012.
Eliminations and Efficiencies
Recognizing the tight limits on discretionary spending across government, the EPA has
evaluated and reprioritized its work and made necessary adjustments to focus FY 2013
resources toward the Agency's highest priorities and most critical needs. These
reductions and eliminations and the projected impacts are described in fuller detail in
appropriate sections of the FY 2013 Annual Plan and Congressional Justification and in
the 2013 Cuts, Consolidations, and Savings (CCS) Volume of the President's Budget
which identifies lower-priority program activities in accordance with the GPRA
Modernization Act, 31 U.S.C. 1115(b)(10). The public can access the volume at:
http://www.whitehouse.qov/omb/budqet.
The EPA continues to examine its programs to find those that have served their
purpose and accomplished their mission. The FY 2013 President's Budget eliminates a
number of programs totaling $50 million including: the Clean Automotive Technology
Program; Beaches Protection categorical grants; Environmental Education; State Indoor
Radon Grants; the Support to Other Federal Agencies program within Superfund; and
the Fibers program.
Building on the work undertaken in FY 2011 and planned for FY 2012, the Agency is
examining how it can do its work differently, both programmatically and administratively,
to achieve efficiencies and results. To complement these near-term efforts, the EPA
also is undertaking a series of important steps to lay the groundwork for longer-term
efficiencies, to move toward a 21st century EPA. Major projects include enhancing
collaboration tools and IT systems, evaluating and consolidating or reconfiguring our
space, and establishing Regional or national Centers of Expertise, all of which will help
ensure the best use of human and financial resources. The EPA is continuing the effort
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to analyze staffing levels and deploy human resources to achieve the Agency's mission
more effectively and efficiently.
The Agency's funding request reflects its commitment to reducing discretionary
spending across government. In response to government-wide calls for promoting
efficient spending, such as the Campaign to Cut Waste and Executive Order on
Promoting Efficient Spending, the Agency will reduce spending by an aggregate of 20
percent on advisory contracts, printing, travel, and IT devices by the end of FY 2013
compared to FY 2010. The EPA will do this by: providing as many documents and
reports electronically rather than printing thousands of pages of paper, saving money
and reducing the Agency's environmental footprint; reducing overall agency travel
ceiling by 27 percent by using videoconferences, reducing the number of overall
meetings and combining meetings; and managing spending on EPA-held conferences
by using government-owned space and technology to achieve savings.
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Overview
Environmental Protection Agency's
FY 2013 Budget by Goal
Total Agency: $8,344 Million
GoalS
9.9%
Goall
13.4%
Goal 4
8.3%
GoalS
23.1%
Goal 2
45.2%
El Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
M Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
n Goal 3: Cleaning Up Our Communities
D Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
H Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Notes:
Dollar totals and percentages in chart exclude a $30 million cancellation of prior year funds.
Totals may not add due to rounding.
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Overview
Environmental Protection Agency's
FY 2013 Budget by Appropriation
Total Agency: $8,344 Million
STAG
40.1%
S&T
9.6%
14
EPM
33.6%
$24 M
0.3%
$42 M ^$48 M
0.5% 0.6%
H Science & Technology
E3 Inspector General
1 Inland Oil Spill
D Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
D Environmental Programs & Management
D Buildings & Facilities
ID Superfund
D State & Tribal Assistance Grants
Notes:
Dollar totals and percentages in chart exclude a $30 million cancellation of prior year
funds.
Totals may not add due to rounding.
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Overview
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EPA's Enacted Budget FY2001 to 2013
(Dollars in Billions)
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$6.0 -
$4.0
$2.0
D President's Budget • Enacted Budgets
$10.3
$7.8 *L
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$8.1
$8.4
$8.0
$7.6
$7.7
$7.5 $7-6
$8.7
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FY201
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year
Notes:
FY 2002 Enacted includes $175.6 M provided for Homeland Security in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act.
FY 2006 Enacted excludes hurricane supplemental funding.
FY 2009 Enacted excludes ARRA funding.
All Enacted Budgets include rescissions; President's Budget includes cancellation of prior year funds.
EPA's F7E* Ceiling History
18,500
18,000
17,500
18,000
17,832 17,909
17,802
15,500
15,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fiscal Year
* FTE (Full Time Equivalent) = one employee working full time for a full year (52 weeks X 40 hours = 2,080 hours), or the equivalent number of
hours worked by several part-time or temporary employees.
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$12.0
$10.0
$8.0
$6.0
$4.0
$2.0 --
Environmental Protection Agency's
Resources by Major Category
(Dollars in Billions)
D Infrastructure Financing
• Trust Funds
& Operating Budget
S Categorical Grants
$0.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB
Notes:
Totals may not add due to rounding
The Operating Budget includes funding provided for the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative.
FY 2005 Enacted reflects 0.8% Rescission
FY 2006 Enacted reflects 0.476% rescission plus 1% additional rescission and $80 M rescission to prior year funds.
Excludes Hurricane Supplemental funding.
FY 2008 Enacted includes a 1.56% rescission and $5 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2009 Enacted reflects a $10 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2009 Enacted excludes ARRA funding
FY 2010 Enacted reflects a $40 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2011 Enacted reflects a 0.2% rescission and $140 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2012 Enacted reflects a 0.16% rescission and $50 M rescission to prior year funds
FY 2013 President's Budget reflects a $30 M cancellation of prior year funds
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Climate Change and Air Quality
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification
(FY2013 PB: $101.9M, FY2012 Enacted: $91.9M, FY2013 Change: +$10.0M)
Significant changes include:
$3.3 million of the requested increase will be used in FY 2013 to make further progress addressing
climate change, by beginning the technical work and analyses necessary to support GHG standards
for non-road sources, such as locomotives, marine craft, and aircraft. These funds will also update
scientific tools needed to evaluate new biofuel fuel pathways and technologies
$1.8 million of the request will bolster the EPA's certification and compliance testing programs, which
are struggling to keep up with an increase in demand for EPA vehicle and engine certifications,
increasing diversity of sophisticated technologies, and an expanding universe of engines to monitor,
particularly in the area of imported small engines. In FY 2013, the EPA will increase its oversight and
testing rate for small imported engines. A high fraction of those engines fail the EPA's tests at the
current limited rate of testing.
A $1.3 million increase will support the procurement and installation of new heavy-duty truck chassis
test equipment at the EPA's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory. This equipment is
critical to the EPA's ability to conduct compliance testing of heavy-duty trucks weighing up to 80
thousand pounds for compliance with EPA GHG emission standards and NHTSA fuel efficiency
standards. This equipment is required to ensure that all manufacturers are treated fairly when
enforcing compliance with the new standards.
Climate Protection Program
(FY 2013 PB: $108.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $99.5M, FY 2013 Change: +$8.5M)
Significant changes include:
Requested increase of $4.2 million for the Energy Star program for oversight of the third-party
certification system for ENERGY STAR products and the implementation of the EPA's verification
process for residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The increase will improve quality control
over the ENERGY STAR product labeling program and revise product and building specifications to
advance energy efficiency.
• Requested $2.9 million increase will support the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. The additional
resources will handle increases in the general reporting and verification workload across the many
industry sectors and emission sources as well as our work with states.
Federal Stationary Source Regulations
(FY 2013 PB: $34.1 M, FY 2012 Enacted: $27.3M, FY 2013 Change: +$6.8M)
Requested increase includes $2.0 million for the development of New Source Performance
Standards that address greenhouse gases. This will support analyses using the latest science and
data to make determinations whether regulation of GHG emissions from certain source categories is
warranted, and to develop and issue rulemakings as appropriate.
$2.7 million of the requested increase will be used more efficiently to coordinate actions to meet
multiple CAA objectives for controlling both criteria and toxic air pollutants while considering cost
effectiveness, the technical feasibility of controls, and provide greater certainty for regulated industry.
$2.4 million of the requested increase is needed to review criteria pollutant standards in accordance
with the CAA statutory schedule.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Climate Protection (S&T)
(FY 2013 PB: $7.8M, FY 2012 Enacted: $16.3M, FY 2013 Change: -$8.5M)
A reduction of $16.3 million reflects the elimination of funding associated with the EPA's Clean
Automotive Technology (CAT) program. In FY2013 other Federal research programs such as DOE's
Vehicles Technology program will support the development of advanced technologies.
Expert staff and resources ($7.8 million) in the Climate Change program will carry out necessary
implementation and compliance functions associated with new GHG emission standards for light-
duty and heavy-duty vehicles and carry out necessary compliance activities for implementing
NHTSA's new CAFE standards.
Diesel Emission Reduction Act (DERA) Grants
(FY 2013 PB: $15.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $30.0M, FY 2013 Change: -$15.0M)
Requested resources support a new approach designed to transition the program away from ongoing
Federal support. The modified funding strategy will use rebates and revolving loan funds to
concentrate resources on communities in a limited set of high exposure areas such as near ports and
freight distribution hubs.
Radon Program
(FY2013 PB: $2.2M, FY2012 Enacted: $4.1 M, FY 2013 Change: -$1.9M)
This disinvestment of $1.9 million eliminates oversight for the State Indoor Radon Grants, which are
also being eliminated, and targets remaining resources to implement the Federal Radon Action Plan,
a multi-year, multi-agency strategy for reducing the risk from radon exposure by leveraging existing
federal housing programs and more efficiently implementing radon-related activities to have a greater
impact on public health.
America's Waters
Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)
(FY 2013 PB: $300.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $299.5M, FY 2013 Change: +$0.5M)
Requested resources support EPA-led interagency efforts that focus on priority environmental issues
such as toxic substances, nonpoint source pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and invasive
species. In FY 2013 special priority will be placed on cleaning up and de-listing Areas of Concern,
reducing phosphorus contributions from agricultural and urban lands that contribute to harmful algal
blooms and other water quality impairments, and invasive species prevention.
Chesapeake Bay Program
(FY 2013 PB: $72.6M FY 2012 Enacted: $57.3M, FY 2013 Change: +$15.3M)
Additional requested resources will increase implementation and accountability grants to the six
Chesapeake Bay states and the District of Columbia to facilitate work on Watershed Implementation
Plans and integration of state and local efforts, as well as an increase in monitoring grants.
Surface Water Protection
(FY2013 PB: $211.6M, FY2012 Enacted: $203.9M, FY2013 Change: +$7.7M)
Requested resources will strengthen the EPA's efforts to restore and maintain the chemical, physical,
and biological integrity of the nation's waters. Efforts will include support for partnerships with states
to address nonpoint source pollution including development and implementation of TMDLs, water
quality monitoring, NPDES permit issuance support and oversight, WaterSense new product
development, efforts to promote sustainability, strengthening of water and wastewater infrastructure.
Resources will also support urban communities, especially underserved communities, working to
achieve their water restoration goals.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Drinking Water Programs
(FY 2013 PB: $108.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $102.3M, FY 2013 Change: +$6.0M)
Significant changes include:
$3.4 million supports efforts to protect the nation's drinking water supply including developing and
providing technical assistance and tools to states to facilitate small system compliance, performing
oversight of state drinking water programs, and re-energizing work associated with regulating
carcinogenic volatile organic compounds.
$1.2 million to support upgrading the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) to improve
compliance monitoring and data flow and quality.
Wetlands
(FY 2013 PB: $27.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $21.2M, FY 2013 Change: +$6.5M)
Requested resources will support the EPA's implementation of core Clean Water Act responsibilities
under Section 404 and will increase support to state wetland programs. None of the funds requested
are for the Enhanced Coordination Procedures for the EPA's review of Section 404 permit
applications for Appalachian surface coal mining operations.
Geographic Programs
(FY 2013 PB: $39.1 M, FY 2012 Enacted: $52.9M, FY 2013 Change: -$13.8M)
Decrease reflects reductions to the Geographic Programs for Puget Sound, Gulf of Mexico, Lake
Champlain, Long Island Sound, and San Francisco Bay.
Beach / Fish Programs
(FY 2013 PB: $0.7M, FY 2012 Enacted: $2.5M, FY 2013 Change: -$1.8M)
This decrease to the Beach/Fish Program is because this is a well-established, well-understood
program that can be maintained at the local level. The Beach Program has provided important
guidance and significant funding which successfully supported by states and local governments in
establishing their own programs which can continue without federal support. In response to
reductions in the Fish Advisory Program, the Agency will redirect ongoing work where possible to the
Food and Drug Administration on joint guidance issued to the public and also will encourage and
support the states' implementation of their Fish Advisory Programs.
Marine Pollution
(FY 2013 PB: $11.6M, FY 2012 Enacted: $12.9M, FY 2013 Change: -$1.3M)
This reflects a reduction in ocean monitoring and assessment activities to those activities that are
required by regulation.
Water Infrastructure
State Revolving Funds (SRFs)
(FY 2013 PB: $2,025.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $2,384.3M, FY 2013 Change: -$359.3M)
The FY 2013 Budget request of $2,025 million includes $1,175 million for the Clean Water SRF and
$850 million for the Drinking Water SRF. This funding level continues the Federal commitment to
provide annual capitalization to the State Revolving Funds that will enable EPA partners to improve
wastewater treatment, address nonpoint sources of pollution and estuary revitalization, and to help
ensure that water is safe to drink.
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
(FY 2013 PB: $10.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $5.0M, FY 2013 Change: +$5.0M)
The requested resources will provide funding for critical drinking water and wastewater services to
border residents that reduce public health risks and improve the environment for U.S. citizens.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
State and Tribal Partnerships
State and Local Air Quality Management Grants
(FY 2013 PB: $301.5M, FY 2012 Enacted: $235.7M, FY 2013 Change: +$65.8M)
$25.0 million of the requested increase will be used to assist in permitting sources of greenhouse gas
emissions. The Agency will reach out to smaller sources to assist in identifying ways to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
$24.3 million of the requested increase will be used to support expanded core state workload for
implementing revised and more stringent NAAQS, and reducing public exposure to air toxics.
$15.0 million of the requested increase is for additional state air monitors required by revised NAAQS.
$1.5 million of the requested increase will support the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule used by
states to facilitate the collection, review and use of greenhouse gas emissions data.
Tribal General Assistance Program Grants
(FY 2013 PB: $96.4M, FY 2012 Enacted: $67.6M, FY 2013 Change: +$28.7M)
Increase will help build tribal capacity and assist tribes in leveraging other EPA and federal funding to
contribute towards a higher overall level of environmental and human health protection for this
underserved population.
Water Pollution Control Grants (Sect. 106)
(FY 2013 PB: $265.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $238.4M, FY 2013 Change: +$26.9M)
Requested increase will strengthen the state, interstate and tribal base programs, to provide
additional resources to address TMDL, and wet weather issues Also, in FY 2013, the EPA will
designate $15.0 million of the additional funds for states that commit to strengthening their nutrient
management efforts consistent with EPA Office of Water guidance issued in March 2011.
Environmental Information Grants
(FY 2013 PB: $15.2M, FY 2012 Enacted: $10.0M, FY 2013 Change: +$5.2M)
This increase enables Exchange Network (EN) state, tribal and territorial partners to expand e-
reporting by adapting, installing and implementing a suite of data collection and publishing services,
with a focus on those states that do not yet have the capabilities to comply with e-reporting
requirements under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Grants
(FY2013 PB: $109.7M, FY2012 Enacted: $105.3M, FY2013 Change: +$4.4M)
Requested resources will be used to replace the EPA-developed, state-operated SDWIS/State with a
new, more efficient system and for states to provide greater technical assistance and oversight.
Beaches Protection Categorical Grants
(FY 2013 PB: $O.OM, FY 2012 Enacted: $9.9M, FY 2013 Change: -$9.9M)
The EPA has worked with state, tribal, and territorial governments for over ten years to develop their
capacity to implement beach monitoring programs. Many of these non-federal agencies now have the
ability and knowledge to run their own programs without federal support.
Radon Categorical Grants
(FY 2013 PB: $O.OM, FY 2012 Enacted: $8.0M, FY 2013 Change: -$8.0M)
This is a mature program that has achieved significant progress over the 23 years of its existence in
mitigating radon exposure and building capacity at the local and state government level to continue
radon protection efforts without federal support.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Enforcement and Compliance
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
(FY 2013 PB: $615.9M, FY 2012 Enacted: $582.4M, FY 2013 Change: +$33.5M)
Significant changes include:
Redirection of approximately $18 million is to support Next Generation Compliance, to implement new
approaches and technologies that will promote increased compliance with the nation's environmental
laws.
$3.6 million to maintain the capacity and support for litigation, investigation, and inspection efforts.
$2.5 million to provide for Deepwater Horizon litigation support, discovery management, and the
continuing civil investigation against existing and potential additional defendants.
Reduction of $1.7 million from Superfund Federal Facilities will impact efforts to monitor site cleanup,
to address noncompliance, and to oversee remedial work being conducted at federal facilities.
Reduction of $1.3 million from forensics support for the National Enforcement Investigations Center
(NEIC) in order to support higher priority enforcement activities which will impact support for civil
enforcement cases under CERCLA authorities.
Chemical Safety
Chemical Risk Review and Reduction
(FY 2013 PB: $67.6M, FY 2012 Enacted $56.5M, FY 2013 Change: +$11.1 M)
Requested resources will more fully implement the Administrator's Enhancing Chemical Safety
priority to reduce and assess chemical risks and obtain needed information on potentially hazardous
chemicals. Increase will enable the EPA to: initiate five to ten new risk management actions;
complete alternative assessments for four additional chemicals; initiate five to ten detailed
assessments; issue 75 more test rules for existing chemicals; increase the number of HPV chemicals
with completed hazard characterizations; double percentage of existing CBI cases; digitize
approximately 16,000 TSCA documents; and implement enhancements to IT systems and related
rules/guidance (e-reporting, etc.).
Chemical Risk Management
(FY 2013 PB: $3.7M, FY 2012 Enacted $6.0M, FY 2013 Change: -$2.3M)
This decrease reflects elimination of the fibers program and a reduction to guidance to manage the
disposal of PCBs.
Endocrine Disrupters
(FY 2013 PB: $7.2M, FY 2012 Enacted $8.3M, FY 2013 Change: -$1.0M)
This decrease anticipates savings from validation and use of computational toxicology and high
throughput screening methods to assess potential chemical toxicity.
Healthy Communities
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
(FY2013 PB: $117.3M, FY2012 Enacted: $112.5M, FY2013 Change: +$4.8M)
Significant changes include:
$2 million request is for the necessary initial program investments to allow for the development of the
e-manifest system. Funds will cover IT resources and the services of a vendor to build the system
from commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software.
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Environmental Outreach
(FY 2013 PB: $5.0M, FY 2012 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2013 Change: +$5.0M)
$5.0 million request is to integrate environmental outreach activities into existing environmental
programs under a streamlined and coordinated approach across the Offices of Water, Air and
Radiation, Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response
(FY 2013 PB: $19.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $14.7M, FY 2013 Change: +$4.6M)
• $4.6 million requested increase will be used to increase the number of inspections on high-risk
Facility Response Plan (FRP) oil facilities and to develop and implement a third party audit program
for non-high-risk Spill Prevention, Containment & Countermeasures (SPCC) oil facilities.
Tribal Capacity Building
(FY2013 PB: $15.1M, FY2012 Enacted: $13.7M, FY2013 Change: +$1.4M)
Requested resources support tribal capacity efforts through development, support, and
implementation of planning tools and data management systems to identify environmental issues.
Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE)
(FY2013 PB: $2.1 M, FY2012 Enacted: $O.OM, FY 2013 Change: +$2.1 M)
This requested increase will support awarding up to 20 CARE assistance agreements to communities
to improve local environmental and human health.
State and Local Prevention and Preparedness
(FY2013 PB: $14.9M, FY2012 Enacted: $13.3M, FY2013 Change: +$1.6M)
Requested $1.6 million increase will support additional high-risk chemical facility inspections in the
Risk Management Plan program.
Environmental Education
(FY 2013 PB: $O.OM, FY 2012 Enacted: $9.7M, FY 2013 Change: -$9.7M)
Due to competing budgetary priorities, the Agency is eliminating funding from the Environmental
Education program to support other mission critical programs, initiatives and activities that more
directly support the Administrator's highest priorities.
Research
Research Program
(FY 2013 PB: $575.6M, FY 2012 Enacted: $568.0M, FY 2013 Change: +$7.6M)
Includes $8 million to expand work with DOE and the USGS on a Hydraulic Fracturing Study
analyzing the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on air, ecosystem and water quality.
Other increases for research include:
$4.1 million for sustainable molecular design research
$3.3 million for climate change
$2.0 million to support a Center for Innovative Estuarine Approaches
$1.8 million to integrate both natural and built water infrastructure
$1.8 million for biofuels
$1.5 million to air monitors
Research decreases include:
$2.0 million from the EPA Laboratory Study
$1.0 million from effects of cleaning materials in school settings
$1.9 million from the development of exposure assessment tools
$1.1 from beaches research
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Highlights of Major Budget Changes
Superfund
Superfund Program
(FY2013 PB: $1,176.4M, FY2012 Enacted: $1,213.8M, FY2013 Change: -$37.4M)
Significant changes include:
A $33.2 million cut that downsizes the overall Superfund Remedial program to give priority to
completing projects at various stages in the response process as opposed to starting new project
phases. This reduction will result in a reduction in the number of site assessments, remedial
investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FSs), remedial designs (RDs), remedial actions (RAs), and post-
construction operations. The targeted number of sites achieving human exposures under control and
groundwater migration under control will be maintained.
A reduction of $5.8 million results in the discontinuation of the automatic transfer of Superfund
funding to support other Federal Agencies. Funding may be pursued for Superfund-related support
services on an as-needed basis through inter-agency agreements.
Homeland Security
Homeland Security
(FY 2013 PB: $102.3M, FY 2012 Enacted: $102.1M, FY 2013 Change: $0.3M)
Among other areas, this change includes a reduction to the Water Security Initiative as well as
increases to support Regional Homeland Security Centers of Expertise. The EPA will continue to
maintain its existing state of preparedness to respond to events.
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20
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air
Quality
Strategic Goal: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop adaptation
strategies to address climate change, and protect and improve air quality.
Resource Summary
(Dollars in Thousands)
13.4% of Budget
1 - Address Climate Change
2 - Improve Air Quality
3 - Restore the Ozone Layer
4 - Reduce Unnecessary
Exposure to Radiation
Goal 1 Total
FY2011
Enacted
$207,378
$823,059
$18,102
$40,935
$1,089,473
FY2012
Enacted
$200,463
$768,929
$17,998
$38,778
$1,026,169
Difference
FY2013 FY 201 2 EN
President's to FY 201 3
Budget PresBud
$240,279
$825,362
$18,528
$40,411
$1,124,581
$39,815
$56,433
$530
$1,633
$98,412
Workyears
2,855
2,724
2,783
59
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Introduction
The EPA has dedicated itself to protecting and improving the quality of the Nation's air
to promote public health and protect the environment. Air pollution concerns are diverse
and significant, and include: greenhouse gases (GHGs) and climate change, outdoor
and indoor air quality, stratospheric ozone depletion, and radiation protection.
Since passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments in 1990, nationwide air quality has
improved significantly. Despite this progress, in 2010 about 124 million Americans
(about 40% of the US population) lived in counties with air that did not meet health-
based standards for at least one pollutant. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of
certain air pollutants has been associated with increased risk of cancer, premature
mortality, and damage to the immune, neurological, reproductive, cardiovascular, and
respiratory systems. Short-term exposure to elevated levels of certain air pollutants can
exacerbate asthma and lead to other adverse health effects and economic costs
including; the impacts associated with increased air pollution levels affect productivity
and the economy through missed work and school days. Degradation of views in
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
national and state parks is difficult to quantify but is likely to impact tourism and quality
of life.
The issues of highest importance facing the air program over the next few years will
continue to be ozone and particulate air pollution, including interstate transport of these
air pollutants; emissions from transportation sources; toxic air pollutants; indoor air
pollutants; and GHGs. The EPA uses a variety of approaches to reduce pollutants in
indoor and outdoor air. Strategies include traditional regulatory tools; innovative market-
based techniques; public- and private-sector partnerships; community-based
approaches; voluntary programs that promote environmental stewardship; and
programs that encourage cost-effective technologies and practices.
Among the most common sources of air pollution are highway motor vehicles and their
fuels. The EPA establishes national emissions standards for each of these sources to
reduce emissions of air pollution. The Agency also provides emissions and fuel
economy information for new cars, and educates consumers on the ways their actions
affect the environment. The EPA's Renewable Fuel Standard program and motor
vehicle greenhouse gas standards have already begun changing the cars Americans
drive and the fuels they use. The supply and diversity of biofuels in America is growing
every year, and a new generation of automobile technologies, including several new
plug-in hybrids and all-electric vehicles, continues to "hit the road."
The EPA is responsible for establishing test procedures needed to estimate the fuel
economy of new vehicles, and for verifying car manufacturers' data on fuel economy
and pollutant emissions. The Agency is completing efforts to increase its testing and
certification capacity to ensure that new vehicles, engines, and fuels are in compliance
with new vehicle and fuel standards. In particular, compared to conventional vehicles,
advanced technology vehicles like Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) and Battery
Electric Vehicles (EV) require new, additional testing capabilities. Ensuring compliance
with the Administration's new fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards is vital to
reducing dependence on oil and saving consumers' money at the pump. The EPA will
continue to implement a national program to reduce GHGs from light-duty and heavy-
duty mobile sources. The national program of fuel economy and greenhouse gas
standards for light-duty vehicles alone will save approximately 12 billion barrels of oil
and prevent 6 billion metric tons of GHG emissions over the lifetimes of the vehicles
sold through model year 2025.
The EPA's air toxic control programs are critical to the Agency's continued progress in
reducing public health risks, and improving the quality of the environment. In FY 2013,
the EPA will continue to focus on communities with greater levels of industrial and
mobile source activity (e.g., near ports or distribution areas), which according to the
2005 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment often have greater cumulative exposure to
air toxics than non-industrial areas. Between 2012 and 2013, there are approximately
70 stationary source (e.g., air toxics) rules due for review and promulgation, 35 of which
are already on court-ordered deadlines or in litigation. These rules are all in some stage
of development now. Working with litigants and stakeholders, and informed by analyses
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
of air quality health risk data, the EPA is working to prioritize a more limited set of air
toxics regulations that can be completed expeditiously and that will address the most
significant risks to public health.
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to address the impacts of climate change through
careful, cost-effective rulemaking and voluntary programs that encourage businesses
and consumers to limit unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions. The climate is
warming, as evidenced by observations in the scientific literature that show increasing
temperatures, rising sea levels, and widespread melting of snow and ice. Heat-trapping
greenhouse gases are now at record-high levels in the atmosphere compared to the
recent and distant past, a clear result of human activity. As the number of days with
extremely hot temperatures increase, severe heat waves are projected to intensify and
lead to heat-related mortality and sickness. Also, with time, more Americans are likely to
be affected by certain diseases that thrive in areas with higher temperatures and greater
precipitation, including pest-borne diseases and food and water-borne pathogens. The
costs of these impacts of climate change include increased hospital visits, respiratory
and cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death - especially for certain
vulnerable populations like the elderly, the poor, and children.
Because people spend much of their lives indoors, the quality of indoor air also is a
major concern. Indoor allergens and irritants play a significant role in making asthma
worse and triggering asthma attacks. Over 25 million American currently have asthma
and asthma annually accounts for over 500,000 hospitalizations, 13 million missed
school days, and over $50 billion in economic costs.
Major FY 2013 Changes
In FY 2013, resources under Goal 1 are focused on the Agency's core statutory work in
reducing public health risks through standards setting, market-driven and partnership
innovations, and support for state and tribal partners. Recognizing the tight limits on
discretionary spending across the government, the EPA has evaluated and reprioritized
its work and made necessary adjustments to focus FY 2013 resources on the Agency's
highest priorities. This effort involved strategic reductions and redirections within and
across programs. In addition, the Agency is proposing to eliminate certain mature
programs that have succeeded in establishing the expertise at the state and local level
to implement similar programs, and where there is the possibility of maintaining some of
the human health benefits through implementation at the local level. Reductions in
some critical areas in FY 2012 make the FY 2013 resources even more important to
advancing or even maintaining progress toward longer-term goals. Across the Agency,
resources have been targeted to: 1) moving toward environmental protection for the 21st
Century by increasing transparency and the use of technology, 2) supporting core
mission functions, and 3) implementing efficiencies that enhance the effective use of
limited resources in the long-term.
Given the nation's current tight fiscal climate, the EPA is making several significant
changes in the air program to focus on its highest priorities. The Agency is eliminating
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
the Clean Automotive Technology (CAT) program and reassigning the program's expert
staff to address the high priority and increasing workload in vehicle and fuels testing
related to the historic new GHG and fuel economy standards. The Agency also is
reducing radon activities by $8.0 million by eliminating categorical grants to states for
radon and reducing the federal staff in the radon program. These programs have
resulted in significant institutional improvements overtime.
For work under the strategic objective Improve Air Quality, a funding level of $825.4
million, $56.4 million over the FY 2012 Enacted budget, will enable the Agency and
state and tribal partners to conduct statutorily mandated work on the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants, including ozone. Included in this
amount is $289 million in state and tribal grant funding, an increase of $39 million over
FY 2012. These funds support an expanding core state workload for implementing
revised and more stringent NAAQS, and for overseeing compliance with air toxics
regulations. Also included is an increase for additional state air monitors required by
revised NAAQS.
The FY 2013 resources are also critical for the EPA to review criteria pollutant
standards in accordance with the CAA statutory schedule and for the EPA and its state
and tribal partners to monitor the air that we all breathe in communities across America.
The requested FY 2013 funding will allow the EPA to continue to coordinate actions to
meet multiple CAA objectives for controlling both criteria and toxic air pollutants while
considering their cost effectiveness and the technical feasibility of controls, as well as
providing greater certainty for regulated industry. The EPA is working to streamline the
implementation of rules at the federal, state, tribal, and local government level, as well
as in industry. For example, the EPA has made progress in combining multiple
standards where they pertain to the same area with a "sector" approach to maximize
the synergies among standards and reduces costs to the EPA, states, tribes, local
government and industry.
An increase of approximately $32.8 million over the FY 2012 Enacted budget for climate
protection will allow the Agency to support the full range of approaches to reducing
GHGs and the risks its effects pose to human health and the environment and to
property. This increase includes $26.5 million for categorical grants to assist states and
tribes in permitting sources of greenhouse gas emissions and implement the
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule In addition, the Energy Star program, the Global
Methane Initiative, the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reporting Rule, and state and local
technical assistance and partnership programs, such as SmartWay, will all help reduce
GHGs before it is too late. This level of resources for these programs in FY 2013 is
critical for the Agency's efforts to address the impacts of climate change. Without these
funds, the impacts of climate change are likely to be even worse, in the form of
increased hospital visits, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and even premature
death.
The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) grant program is funded at $15 million; a
$15 million reduction from FY 2012 enacted levels. DERA provides immediate emission
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
reductions from existing diesel engines through engine retrofits, rebuilds and
replacements of older, dirtier engines, switching to cleaner fuels, idling reduction
strategies, and other clean diesel strategies. While the DERA grants accelerate the
pace at which dirty engines are retired or retrofitted, pollution emissions from the legacy
fleet will be reduced over time as portions of the fleet turn over and are replaced with
new engines that meet modern emissions standards. As such, DERA funding is being
phased out and will be allocated to a new rebate program and national low-cost
revolving loan or other financing program that targets the dirtiest, most polluting
engines. Both approaches would be available to private fleets for the first time and
enable a more targeted approach to high emissions areas.
The Agency is eliminating the Clean Automotive Technology (CAT) program in FY 2013
resulting in a net savings of over $8 million. The 34 technical experts that supported the
CAT program work will be redeployed to support the growing implementation and
compliance activities associated with NHTSA CAFE fuel economy and EPA GHG
emission standards for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles and engines. In FY 2013,
resources also will support GHG standard setting actions regarding advanced vehicle
and engine technologies, including light-duty and heavy-duty trucks.
The Agency also is eliminating Radon Categorical Grants ($8 million in STAG) in FY
2013 and cutting approximately $2 million from the non-STAG Radon program.
Exposure to radon gas continues to be a significant risk to human health, and over the
23 years of its existence, EPA's radon program has provided important guidance and
significant funding to help states successfully establish their own programs. At the
federal level, the EPA will implement the Federal Radon Action Plan, a multi-year, multi-
agency strategy for reducing the risk from radon exposure by leveraging existing federal
housing programs and more efficiently implementing radon-related activities to have a
greater impact on public health.
For the Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE) research program, an increase of $3.8 million
above FY 2012 will support an effort to address additional questions regarding the
safety of hydraulic fracturing (HF). Resources will support ambient air monitoring and
associated health effects assessments to address the potential impacts of HF on air
quality, water quality, and ecosystems.
Priority Goals
The EPA has established an FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal to improve the country's ability
to measure and control Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The Priority Goal is:
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. Through September 30,
2013, the EPA, in coordination with DOT'S fuel economy standards program, will be
implementing vehicle and truck greenhouse gas standards that are projected to
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
reduce GHG emissions by 1.2 billion metric tons and reduce oil consumption by
about 98 billion gallons over the lifetime of the affected vehicles and trucks.
Additional information on the Agency's Priority Goals can be found at
www.performance.gov.
FY 2013 Activities
Reducing GHG Emissions and Developing Adaptation Strategies to Address
Climate Change
Responding to the threat of climate change is one of the Agency's top priorities. The
EPA's strategy to address climate change supports the President's greenhouse gas
reduction goals. Climate change poses risks to public health, the environment, cultural
resources, the economy, and quality of life. Many impacts of climate change are already
evident and some will persist into the future. Climate change impacts include increased
temperatures and more stagnant air masses that make it more challenging to achieve
air quality standards for smog in many regions of the country. This adversely affects
public health if areas cannot attain or maintain clean air and increases the costs to local
communities.
The Agency will work with partners and stakeholders to provide tools and information
related to greenhouse gas emissions and impacts and will reduce emissions
domestically and internationally through cost-effective, voluntary programs while
pursuing additional regulatory actions as needed. In FY 2013, the Agency will focus on
core program activities, expand some existing strategies, and discontinue others,
including:
• Beginning to implement the important new vehicle fuel economy labelling
requirements. For the first time, the new label provides consumers with greenhouse
gas, as well as fuel economy, information.
• Continuing to implement the harmonized DOT and EPA fuel economy and
greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards for light-duty vehicles (model years
2012-2016) and heavy-duty vehicles (model years 2014-2018). The EPA will begin
developing a second phase of heavy-duty GHG regulations that will incorporate a
complete vehicle approach and bring a wider range of advanced technologies,
including hybrid vehicle drive trains. The EPA also must consider nine petitions
asking the Agency to develop GHG emission standards for a wide range of non-road
equipment, including locomotives, marine craft, and aircraft.
• Continuing to promote cost-effective corporate GHG management practices and
provide recognition for superior efforts through a joint award program with non-
government organizations. As of 2010, the EPA's voluntary, public private
partnerships helped businesses, industry and transportation avoid 533 million metric
tons of carbon equivalent emissions.
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
• Focusing on GHG supply chain management, which will primarily be implemented
through the ongoing cooperative pilot with the General Services Administration to
assist small federal suppliers in developing their GHG inventories.
• Continuing to implement the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule. Activities in FY 2013
will include expanding the database management systems for new sectors, verifying
reported data, providing guidance and training to reporters, and sharing data with
the public, within the federal government, with state and local governments, and with
reporting entities.
An increase of around $3 million for the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program will
support reporting and verification of emissions across the 31 industry sectors and
emission sources (10 sectors were added in FY 2010) and approximately 13,000
reporters as well as work with states across the spectrum of the common by-product
gases. Work in FY 2013 includes support for uses on how to comply with the rule and
how to report emissions using the electronic reporting tool as well as how to address
any potential reporting errors prior to data publication. These resources will provide
assistance to reporting entities, ensure data accuracy, and provide transparency into
the major sources of GHG emissions across the nation. An increase of approximately
$4 million for ENERGY STAR will support oversight of the improved third-party
certification system for ENERGY STAR products and the implementation of the EPA's
verification process for residential, commercial and industrial buildings to safeguard the
economic and health benefits brought to the market by this program. This increase will
also support the Agency's effort to develop an ENERGY STAR fee program. Another
priority is to support public and private organizations as they implement the full range of
least cost compliance and mitigation options associated with the EPA's power sector air
standards.
Funding for the Clean Automotive Technologies (CAT) program was eliminated in FY
2013. The CAT program, with its advanced series hybrids and ultra-clean engines, has
matured and provided a deep understanding of the technology pathways that are
necessary in order to achieve maximum reductions of criteria and GHG emissions cost-
effectively from both cars and trucks. FY 2012 will be a transition year in which the CAT
program will complete work on the highest priority projects, and continue technology
deployment through various actions including license agreements. In 2013, other
Federal research programs, such as DOE's Vehicles Technology program will support
the development and deployment of advanced automotive technologies. In FY 2013, the
Agency will refocus the workforce in this program to support implementation and
compliance with GHG emission standards for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles
developed under the Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification program
project. In addition, resources will be used to support compliance activities for
implementing NHTSA's CAFE standards. Under authorities contained in the Clean Air
Act and the Energy Policy Act, the EPA is responsible for issuing certificates and
ensuring compliance with both the GHG and CAFE standards.
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Improving Air Quality
Clean Air
Particulate Matter (PM) is linked to tens of thousands of premature deaths per year and
repeated exposure to ozone can cause acute respiratory problems and lead to
permanent lung damage. Short term exposure to sulfur dioxide (802) can result in
adverse respiratory effects, including narrowing of the airways which can cause difficulty
breathing and increased asthma symptoms, particularly in at risk populations including
children, the elderly, and people with asthma.
Implementing the existing PM National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), as well
as the potential revised 2012 PM NAAQS, are among the Agency's highest priorities for
FY 2013. The EPA will provide technical and policy assistance to states developing or
revising attainment State Implementation Plans (SIPs) and will designate areas as
attainment or nonattainment. The budget includes an additional $39 million in grants to
support core state workload for implementing NAAQS, reducing exposure to air toxics to
ensure improved air quality in communities, and for additional air monitors required by
revised NAAQS. In FY 2013, the EPA will also continue its work with states and
communities to implement the existing ozone standard. The EPA will provide technical
and policy assistance to states developing or revising attainment SIPs, and provide
ongoing assistance in meeting the goals of those plans. The EPA will also provide
technical and policy assistance to states developing regional haze implementation plans
and will continue to review and act on SIP submissions in accordance with the Clean Air
Act. These objectives are supported by an investment of $7.0 million to provide
technical assistance to state, tribal and local agencies through the Federal Support for
Air Quality Management program. This support includes source characterization
analyses, emission inventories, quality assurance protocols, improved testing and
monitoring techniques, and air quality modeling.
The EPA will continue to implement the new Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS2)
program and carry out several other actions required by the Energy Policy Act (EPAct)
of 2005 and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. The EPA is
responsible for establishing test procedures needed to estimate the fuel economy of
new vehicles and for verifying car manufacturers' data on fuel economy. In FY 2013, the
EPA will continue implementing its plan to upgrade its vehicle, engine, and fuel testing
capabilities at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL), addressing
the need to increase testing and certification capacity to ensure that new vehicles,
engines, and fuels are in compliance with new vehicle and fuel standards. In 2011, the
EPA provided certifications for over 4,000 different types of engines - a workload that
has quadrupled over the past decade. The EPA's workload will continue to grow, as the
Agency begins to implement new and more stringent GHG emission standards
promulgated in 2012 and 2013 for additional classes of vehicles and engines.
The requested FY 2013 resources are required to operate the new testing facilities and
run new test procedures associated with the increased breadth and complexity of
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
standards. Resources will support activities such as oversight of certification and
compliance requirements for the expanding number of vehicles and engines the EPA
regulates. These include hybrid and biofuel vehicles, advanced technology vehicles,
engines entering the market in response to the EPA's new GHG emission standards,
and foreign imports. Resources will also support oversight of credit trading under both
fuels and engine regulations and will be used to develop and manage data systems
designed to make it easier for the regulated community to comply with EPA standards
by reducing reporting burdens.
Air Toxics
The Agency will continue to work with state and local air pollution control agencies and
community groups to assess and address air toxics emissions in areas of greatest
concern, including in disproportionately impacted communities and where the most
vulnerable members of our population live, work, and go to school.
One of the top priorities for the air toxics program is to eliminate unacceptable health
risks and cumulative exposures to air toxics from multiple sources in affected
communities and to enable the Agency to fulfill its Clean Air Act (CAA) and court-
ordered obligations. The CAA requires that the technological basis for all technology-
based standards be reviewed and updated as necessary every eight years. In FY 2013,
the EPA will continue to conduct risk assessments to determine whether the
technology-based rules appropriately protect public health.
In addition to meeting CAA requirements, the EPA will continue development of its
multi-pollutant and sector based efforts by constructing and organizing analyses around
industrial sectors. By addressing individual sectors' emissions comprehensively and
prioritizing regulatory efforts on the pollutants of greatest concern, the EPA will develop
consolidated, more effective, lower-cost technological improvements in the sectors. The
EPA will continue to look at all pollutants in an industrial sector and identify ways to take
advantage of the co-benefits of pollution control. In developing sector and multi-pollutant
approaches, the Agency seeks innovative solutions that address the differing nature of
the various sectors and minimizes costs to the EPA, states, tribes, local governments
and the regulated community. In FY 2013, an increase of $2.7 million will be used to
coordinate actions for controlling both criteria and toxic air pollutants to achieve
objectives of the Clean Air Act, maximize cost effectiveness, and provide greater
certainty to industry.
The EPA will continue to improve the dissemination of information to state, local and
tribal governments, and the public, using analytical tools such as the National Air
Pollution Assessment (NAPA) and National Air Toxic Assessment (NATA), enhancing
quantitative benefits assessment tools such as BenMAP, improving emission inventory
estimates for toxic air pollutants, and managing information for regulated entities
electronically in a single location by modernizing the Air Facility System (AFS)
database. The EPA anticipates that these improvements will increase the Agency's
29
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
ability to meet aggressive court-ordered schedules to complete rulemaking activities,
especially in the Risk Technology Review program.
Indoor Air
Twenty percent of the population, including students, teachers and administrative staff,
spend the day inside elementary and secondary schools. If these schools have
problems with leaky roofs and poor heating, ventilation, or air conditioning systems, the
result can be the increased presence of molds and other environmental allergens which
can trigger a host of health problems, including asthma and allergies. Over the past four
years, at least 16,000 health care professionals have been trained by the EPA and its
partners on environmental management of asthma triggers. Additionally, approximately
1/3 of our nation's schools now have effective indoor air quality management programs
in place. It is estimated that 2.7 million homes with high radon levels have, with the help
of the EPA and its partners, been returned to acceptable levels or have been built with
new radon-reducing features.
In the Reduce Risks from Indoor Air program ($17.8 million), the EPA will continue to
promote comprehensive asthma care that integrates management of environmental
asthma triggers and health care services by building community capacity for delivering
comprehensive asthma care programs through the Communities in Action for Asthma-
Friendly Environments Campaign. The EPA will place a particular emphasis on
protecting vulnerable populations, including children, and low-income and minority
populations.
The EPA will continue to update its existing program guidance to provide clear and
verifiable protocols and specifications for ensuring good indoor air quality across a
range of building types during multiple phases of the building life cycle. The EPA will
collaborate with public and private sector organizations to integrate these protocols and
specifications more efficiently into existing energy-efficiency, green-building and health-
related programs and initiatives. FY 2013 activities will focus on equipping the
affordable housing sector with training and guidance to promote the adoption of these
best practices with the aim of creating healthy, energy-efficient homes for low income
families.
In FY 2013, with the elimination of Radon Categorical Grants and reduction to the radon
program of approximately $2 million, this program will focus on efficiently promoting
radon risk reduction in homes and schools. Using information dissemination, social
marketing techniques, and partnerships with federal agencies and public health and
environmental organizations, the EPA will drive action by implementing the Federal
Radon Action Plan, published in June 2011. These actions will promote testing for
indoor radon, fixing homes and schools when radon levels are high, and building new
homes and schools with radon-resistant features.
30
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Stratospheric Ozone
The stratospheric ozone program ($15.3 million) implements the provisions of the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990 (the Act) and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). Under the Act and the Protocol, the EPA
is authorized to control and reduce ozone depleting substances (ODS) in the US, and to
contribute to the Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund. As of January 1, 2010, ODS
production and imports were capped at 3,810 OOP-weighted metric tons, which is 25
percent of the U.S. baseline under the Montreal Protocol. In 2015, U.S. production and
import will be reduced further, to 10 percent of the U.S. baseline, and in 2020, all
production and import will be phased out except for exempted amounts. As ODS and
many of their substitutes are potent GHGs, appropriate control and reduction of these
substances also provides significant benefits for climate protection. The Act provides for
a phase out of production and consumption of ODS and requires controls on their use,
including banning certain emissive uses, requiring labeling to inform consumer choices
and requiring sound servicing practices for the use of ODS in various products (e.g., air
conditioning and refrigeration). As a signatory to the Montreal Protocol, the United
States is committed to ensuring that our domestic program is at least as stringent as
international obligations and to regulating and enforcing its terms domestically. In FY
2013, the EPA will focus its work to ensure that ODS production and import caps under
the Montreal Protocol and Clean Air Act continue to be met.
Radiation
In FY 2013, the EPA Radiation program ($21.8 million), in cooperation with other federal
agencies, states, tribes, and international radiation protection organizations, will develop
and use voluntary and regulatory programs, public information, and training to protect
the public from unnecessary exposures to radiation. In response to advances in
uranium production processes and mining operations, the Agency is updating its
radiation protection standards for the uranium fuel cycle, which were developed over 30
years ago. In FY 2013, the EPA's Radiological Emergency Response Team (RERT) will
maintain and improve the level of readiness to support federal radiological emergency
response and recovery operations under the National Response Framework (NRF) and
the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). The
National RadNet ambient radiation air monitoring system, which includes the country's
100 most populous cities, will provide data to assist in protective action determinations.
Research
Environmental challenges in the 21st Century continue to be complex as the links
between stressors such as climate change, urbanization, and air quality become better
understood. These complex challenges require different thinking and solutions than
those used in the past. Reducing risk can no longer be the only approach to
environmental protection. Industry and government are turning to solutions that
enhance economic growth and social well-being, as well as protect public health and
the environment. These solutions require research that transcends disciplinary lines and
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
includes all stakeholders in the process. The process includes the EPA's regional and
program offices as well as other stakeholders including states and communities who
rely on the research. With the partners and stakeholders, the EPA researchers define
the research needs and how the solutions will be integrated. These new, integrated,
transdisciplinary approaches require innovation at all steps of the process. Ultimately,
the EPA is seeking technological innovations that support environmentally responsible
solutions and foster new economic development.
In FY 2013, the EPA is strengthening its planning and delivery of science by continuing
the more integrated research approach begun in FY 2012. Integrated research looks at
problems more systematically and holistically. This approach will yield benefits beyond
those possible from more narrowly targeted approaches that focus on single chemicals
or problem areas.
A robust air monitoring network is vital to the nation's air quality. Air monitoring tools
measure and track pollutants, identify pollutant sources, and inform how and where
Americans are exposed to air pollutants. Many of the existing monitoring technologies
used in the national networks are decades old and are costly. The complexity of
environmental issues at local, national, and international levels requires more advanced
and comprehensive monitoring. In FY 2013, the EPA plans to develop efficient, high-
performing, and cost-effective monitors for ambient air pollutants. Such monitors will
replace outdated techniques, produce more detailed information, and reduce the cost of
monitoring for the EPA, states, and local agencies.
The Air, Climate and Energy (ACE) program conducts research on environmental and
human health impacts related to air pollution, climate change, and biofuels. Protecting
human health and the environment from the effects of air pollution and climate change,
while simultaneously meeting the demands of a growing population and economy is
critical to the well-being of the nation and the world. Exposure to an evolving array of air
pollutants is a considerable challenge on human health and the environment. This
multifaceted environment reflects the interplay of air quality, the changing climate, and
emerging energy options. By integrating air, climate and energy research, the EPA can
better understand, define and address the complexity of these interactions. The Agency
will provide models and tools necessary for communities and for decision makers at all
levels of government to make the best decisions.
For example, the ACE research program will improve the widely used Community
Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. State and local agencies and the EPA
rely on this tool to implement the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
Specifically, nations, states, and communities use CMAQ to model how air pollution
levels change when different emission reduction alternatives are used. With this tool,
decision-makers can test a range of strategies and determine what approach best fits
their situation. Improvements to CMAQ will increase users' capability to accurately
model changes in ozone, particulate matter, and hazardous air pollutant concentrations.
The CMAQ model has over 1,500 users in the U.S. and 1,000 more in over 50
countries.
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
Earth Systems
The ACE research program will continue to address critical science questions under
three major research themes.
Theme 1: Assess Impacts - Assess human and ecosystem exposures and effects
associated with air pollutants and climate change. Evaluate the effects of air pollution
and climate change on individuals, ecosystems, communities, and regions (including
the effects on those most susceptible or vulnerable).
Theme 2: Prevent and Reduce Emissions - Provide the science needed to develop and
evaluate approaches to preventing and reducing harmful air emissions. The EPA
decision makers and other stakeholders need such data and methods to analyze the full
life-cycle impacts of new and existing energy technologies. With ACE's data, decision
makers can determine which energy choices are most economically, socially, and
environmentally appropriate.
Theme 3: Respond to Changes in Climate and Air Quality - Provide modeling and
monitoring tools, metrics, and information on air pollution exposure. Individuals,
communities, and
governmental agencies will
use these tools and
information to make public
health decisions related to air
quality and climate change.
ACE research incorporates
economic and social factors
that may influence
anticipated environmental
results.
Figure 1: Integration of Air, Climate,
and Energy1
Figure 1, "Integration of Air,
Climate, and Energy," illustrates
the relationships among air,
climate, and energy. The figure identifies the major earth and human systems impacted by air pollution
and climate change. It portrays the responses and social factors influencing the relationships among
each.
In FY 2013, research will study the generation, fate, transport, and chemical
transformation of air emissions to identify individual and population health risks. The
ACE research program considers the environmental impacts of energy production and
use across the full life cycle. For example, increased use of wood in residences can
reduce greenhouse gas emissions but cause local air pollution problems. The program
Exposures to and Effects on
1 Adapted from IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III
to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Goal 1: Taking Action on Climate Change and Improving Air Quality
will incorporate air, climate, and energy research to ensure the development of
sustainable solutions and attainment of statutory goals in a complex multi-pollutant
environment. The ACE program will conduct research to better understand and assess
the effects of global change on air quality, water quality, aquatic ecosystems, land use,
human health and social wellbeing.
In addition, the program will conduct systems-based sustainability analyses that include
environmental, social and economic dimensions. The EPA's FY 2013 hydraulic
fracturing research request will enable assessment of potential air, ecosystem and
water quality impacts of hydraulic fracturing. The EPA, with the Department of Energy
and the Department of the Interior, will study the impacts of developing our nation's
unconventional oil and gas resources. This effort will promote a better understanding of
potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing and complement current hydraulic fracturing
research efforts. This research will help our nation to safely and prudently develop oil
and gas resources.
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
Strategic Goal: Protect and restore our waters to ensure that drinking water is safe,
and that aquatic ecosystems sustain fish, plants and wildlife, and economic,
recreational, and subsistence activities.
Resource Summary
(Dollars in Thousands)
1
2
45.2% of Budget
- Protect Human Health
- Protect and Restore Watersheds
and Aquatic Ecosystems
FY 201 1
Enacted
$1,334,544
$2,891,568
FY2012
Enacted
$1,295,539
$2,798,914
FY2013
President's
Budget
$1,216,766
$2,565,462
Difference
FY 201 2 EN
to FY 201 3
PresBud
($78,773)
($233,452)
Goal 2 Total
$4,226,112 $4,094,452 $3,782,228 ($312,224)
Workyears
3,456
3,459
3,419
(40)
NOTES: Numbers may not add due to rounding.
FY 2013 President's Budget totals exclude a $30 million cancellation, which will impact Goal 2.
Introduction
While much progress has been made, America's waters remain imperiled. Increased
demands, land use practices, population growth, aging infrastructure, and climate
variability continue to pose challenges to our nation's water resources. The latest
national surveys1 confirm that America's waters are stressed by nutrient pollution,
excess sedimentation, and degradation of shoreline vegetation, which affect more than
50 percent of our lakes and streams. The rate at which new waters are listed for water
quality impairments exceeds the pace at which restored waters are removed from the
list. For many years, nonpoint source pollution, principally nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sediments, has been recognized as the largest remaining impediment to improving
water quality. However, pollution discharged from industrial, municipal, agricultural, and
stormwater point sources continue to cause a decline in the quality of our waters. Other
significant contributors to degraded water quality include loss of habitat, habitat
1 U.S. EPA, 2006. Wadeable Streams Assessment: A Collaborative Survey of the Nation's Streams. EPA 841-B-06-
002. Available at http://www.epa.gov/owow/streamsurvev. See also EPA, 2010. National Lakes Assessment: A
Collaborative Survey of the Nation's Lakes. EPA 841-R-09-001. Available at
http://www.epa.gov/lakessurveY/pdf/nla chapter0.pdf.
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
fragmentation, and changes in the way water is infiltrated into soils, runs off the land,
and flows down streams (hydrologic alteration).
From nutrient loadings and stormwater runoff to invasive species and drinking water
contaminants, water quality programs face complex challenges that can be addressed
effectively only through a combination of traditional and innovative strategies. The EPA
will work hand-in-hand with states and tribes to develop and implement nutrient limits
and intensify our work to restore and protect the quality of the nation's streams, rivers,
lakes, bays, oceans, and aquifers. We will continue the increased focus on
communities, particularly those disadvantaged communities facing disproportionate
impacts or having been historically underserved. We also will use our authority to
protect and restore threatened natural treasures such as the Great Lakes, the
Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico; to address our neglected urban rivers; to
ensure safe drinking water; and to reduce pollution from nonpoint and industrial
dischargers. The EPA will continue to address post-construction runoff, water-quality
impairments from surface mining, and drinking water contamination.
As part of the Administration's long-term strategy, the EPA is implementing a
Sustainable Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with states and
communities to enhance technical, managerial and financial capacity. Important to the
enhanced technical capacity will be alternatives analyses to expand "green
infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Federal dollars provided through the
State Revolving Funds will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and
ongoing management of sustainable water infrastructure.
The EPA continues to work with its partners across the Federal government to leverage
resources and avoid duplication of efforts. The EPA and USDA will enhance existing
coordination efforts in reducing nonpoint source pollution and the EPA will move beyond
its ongoing study and expand its work with DOE and the USGS on understanding and
the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing.
Major FY 2013 Changes
To address resource constraints in the FY 2013 budget and the FY 2012 Enacted
Budget, the EPA carefully evaluated water program activities to assess where the pace
of progress could be slowed, where other governmental entities could provide needed
support, or where programs could be eliminated to allow for necessary redirections to
fund critical Administration priorities. The EPA will direct limited resources to where they
can best protect public health, especially in disadvantaged communities; provide
increased support to state and tribal partners; and focus on the largest pollution
problems, including nutrient pollution. In light of reductions in some critical areas in FY
2012, the requested FY 2013 resources are pivotal to enabling the Agency to advance,
or even maintain, progress toward longer-term goals.
In FY 2013, funding of $265 million, $27 million above FY 2012, for Section 106 Water
Pollution Control Grants supports prevention and control measures to improve water
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
quality and address nutrient run-off. The increase, in addition to addressing nutrient
loads, will strengthen the state, interstate and tribal base programs, provide additional
resources to address TMDL, monitoring, and wet weather issues and help states
improve their water quality programs relating to the management of nutrients. An
addition of $4.4 million to Public Water System Supervision Grants will support state
data management, improve data quality, and allow the public to access compliance
monitoring data not previously available.
In FY 2013, the Budget includes a significant new effort under which the EPA and the
USDA are working with key Federal partners, along with agricultural producer
organizations, conservation districts, states, tribes, NGOs and other local leaders to
identify areas where a focused and coordinated approach can achieve decreases in
water pollution. The President's Budget builds upon the collaborative process already
underway among Federal partners to demonstrate substantial improvements in water
quality by coordinating efforts between U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and EPA
programs such as the EPA's Nonpoint Source Grants and Water Pollution Control
Grants and USDA's Farm Bill conservation programs. This coordination will allow for
more effective, targeted investments at the Federal and State level during a time of
constrained budgets, and will ensure continued improvements in water quality.Further,
the EPA will provide $15 million of Section 106 funds to states, interstate agencies and
tribes that commit to strengthening their nutrient management efforts consistent with the
EPA's Office of Water guidance issued in March 2011.
Increased funding of approximately $15 million above FY 2012 for the Chesapeake Bay
will help states meet the nutrient reduction goals in the Total Maximum Daily Load
through State Implementation Grants (SIGs) and implement Phase II Watershed
Implementation Plans. An increase of $5 million for Mexico Border Infrastructure
Assistance will help advance the EPA's work with the Border States and local
communities in improving the region's water quality and public health.
Also in FY 2013, $5.9 million over FY 2012 is requested for the Drinking Water program
to strengthen efforts to protect the nation's drinking water supply by providing technical
assistance to states and systems. The funds also will support upgrading of the Safe
Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) to improve compliance monitoring and
data flow and quality.
In FY 2013, $4.3 million above FY 2012 is provided for the Safe and Sustainable Water
Resources research program as part of a wider $14 million effort to address additional
questions regarding the safety of hydraulic fracturing (HF). The research will be in
collaboration with DOE and USGS under a developing Memorandum of Understanding
which emphasizes the expertise of each Federal partner, and will include an
assessment of potential air, ecosystem, and water quality impacts of hydraulic
fracturing. Consistent with advice from the Science Advisory Board on areas to study,
this work will ensure an understanding of the full suite of potential impacts of hydraulic
fracturing and complement current hydraulic fracturing research efforts.
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
In FY 2013, the EPA reduced or eliminated funding to a number of programs. The
Agency is requesting $2 billion, a reduction of $359 million, for the Clean Water and
Drinking Water State Revolving Funds. The Administration requests a combined $2
billion for federal capitalization of the SRFs. This will allow the SRFs to finance over $6
billion in wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects annually. The
Administration has strongly supported the SRFs, having received and/or requested
funding for them totaling over $18 billion since 2009; since their inception, over $52
billion has been provided for the SRFs. The reduced level will mean fewer water
infrastructure projects. The EPA will work to target assistance to small and underserved
communities with limited ability to repay loans, while maintaining state program integrity.
A number of systems could have access to capital through the Administration's
proposed Infrastructure Bank.
In this difficult financial climate, the Agency will eliminate the Beaches Grant Program
with a reduction of $9.9 million in FY 2013. While beach monitoring continues to be
important, well-understood guidelines are in place, and state and local government
programs have the technical expertise and procedures to continue beach monitoring
without federal support.
Priority Goals
The EPA has established two FY 2012-2013 Priority Goals to improve water quality.
The Priority Goals are:
• Improve, restore, or maintain water quality by enhancing nonpoint source program
accountability, incentives, and effectiveness. By September 30, 2013, 50% of the
states will revise their nonpoint source program according to new Section 319 grant
guidelines that the EPA will release in November 2012.
• Improve public health protection for persons served by small drinking water systems
by strengthening the technical, managerial, and financial capacity of those systems.
By September 30, 2013, the EPA will engage with twenty states to improve small
drinking water system capability through two EPA programs, the Optimization
Program and/or the Capacity Development Program.
Additional information on the Agency's Priority Goals can be found at
www.performance.gov.
FY 2013 Activities
Through Environmental Management Systems, the EPA will continue to emphasize
watershed stewardship, watershed-based approaches, water efficiencies, and best
practices. The EPA will focus specifically on green infrastructure, nutrients, and trading
among point sources and nonpoint sources for water quality improvements and urban
waters. In FY 2013, the Agency will advance the water quality monitoring initiative under
the Clean Water Act, and develop important rules and implementation activities under
38
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
the Safe Drinking Water Act. Related efforts to improve monitoring and surveillance will
help advance water security nationwide.
Drinking Water
To help achieve the Administrator's priority to protect America's waters, in FY 2013, the
EPA will continue to implement its Drinking Water Strategy, an approach to expand
public health protection for drinking water. The vision of the strategy is to streamline
decision-making and expand protection under existing laws and promote cost-effective
new technologies to meet the needs of rural, urban and other water-stressed
communities. The Agency will focus on regulating groups of drinking water
contaminants, improving water treatment technology and expanding communication
with states, tribes and communities.
In FY 2013, a funding level of $120.8 million in categorical grants for drinking water
programs will enable the EPA, the states, and community water systems to build on
past successes while working toward the FY 2013 goal of assuring that 92 percent of
the population served by community water systems receive drinking water that meets all
applicable health-based standards. The Agency met its safe drinking water goals from
FY 2008 through FY 2011. In FY 2011, 93.2 percent of the population was served by
community water systems that met applicable health-based standards, surpassing the
FY 2011 target of 91 percent. States carry out a variety of activities, including on-site
sanitary surveys of water systems and assistance to small systems to improve their
capabilities. The EPA will support state and local implementation of drinking water
standards by providing guidance, training, and technical assistance and ensuring proper
certification of water system operators. The EPA also will maintain the rate of system
sanitary surveys and onsite reviews to promote compliance with drinking water
standards.
To help ensure that water is safe to drink and to address the nation's aging drinking
water infrastructure that can impact water quality, $850 million for the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund will support new infrastructure improvement projects for public
drinking water systems in FY 2013 and beyond. In FY 2011, the fund utilization rate2 for
the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund was 90 percent, surpassing the target of 89
percent. In concert with the states, the EPA will focus this affordable, flexible financial
assistance to support utility compliance with safe drinking water standards. The EPA
also will work with utilities to promote technical, financial, and managerial capacity as a
critical means to meet infrastructure needs and to enhance program performance and
efficiency.
2 Utilization rate is the cumulative dollar amount of loan agreements divided by cumulative funds available for
projects. Cumulative funds available include the federal capitalization grant portion and everything that is in the
SRF (state match, interest payments, etc).
39
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
Clean Water
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to collaborate with states and tribes to make progress
toward the EPA's clean water goals. Programs for controlling nonpoint sources of
pollution are key to reducing the number of impaired waters. The programs provide a
multi-faceted approach to the problem, with a mix of innovative development strategies
to help leverage traditional tools. Maximizing the partnership with USDA and more fully
utilizing the revolving fund capitalization grants provided to our partners will enable the
EPA to build, revive, and "green" our aging infrastructure. In FY 2013, a funding level of
$445.2 million in categorical grants for clean water programs will enable the EPA, states
and tribes to implement core clean water programs and promising innovations on a
watershed basis to accelerate water quality improvements.
In FY 2013, the EPA and the USDA will work together to effectively target both the
Natural Resource Conservation Service's (NRCS) conservation assistance programs
and EPA's Section 319 grant funds to critical watersheds to improve water quality. The
EPA and NRCS will collaborate with stakeholders to identify watersheds for focusing
conservation and monitoring projects. Priority will be placed on partnering in watersheds
that have high nonpoint source nutrient sediments loadings, including those listed by
states as having impaired waters for nutrients, and the opportunity to make significant
progress on reducing those loads. Further, the EPA will provide $15.0 million of Section
106 funds to support states, interstate agencies and tribes that commit to strengthening
their nutrient management efforts consistent with EPA Office of Water guidance issued
in March 2011.
Building on 30 years of clean water successes, the EPA, in conjunction with states and
tribes, will address the requirements of the Clean Water Act by focusing on two primary
tools: Total Maximum Daily Loads and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) permits that are built upon scientifically sound water quality standards and
technology-based pollutant discharge limits. For the past six years, the EPA has
consistently surpassed its targets for establishing or approving TMDLs. There is much
remaining to do, an additional estimated 49,000 TMDL are needed. In FY 2011, the
Agency completed 2,846 TMDLs bringing the cumulative total to 49,663 TMDLs. The
EPA also surpassed its target of issuing high priority EPA and state NPDES permits
(including tribal) by 32 percent.
The EPA will continue to provide annual capitalization to the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund to enable EPA partners to improve wastewater treatment, nonpoint
sources of pollution, and estuary revitalization. Realizing the expected long-term
benefits, the EPA is continuing our Clean Water State Revolving Fund commitment by
requesting $1.175 billion in FY 2013. The fund utilization rate for the Clean Water State
Revolving Fund in FY 2011 was 98 percent, surpassing the target of 94.5 percent.
40
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
Ol
o
Q.
Q.
i/l
_l
Q
60,000
55,000
50,000
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
TMDLs Established or Approved by
EPA - Cumulative (bps)
Budget Target
I EOY Result
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Fiscal Year
2011
2012
2013
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to strengthen the nationwide monitoring network and
complete statistically-valid surveys of the nation's waters. In FY 2011, the EPA used
valid surveys of a statistically representative sample of U.S. waters to assess the
nation's water quality. The results of these efforts are scientifically-defensible water
quality data and information essential for cleaning up and protecting the nation's waters.
Work will continue on the National Wetland Condition Assessment report, which will be
issued in FY 2014, providing regional and national estimates of wetland ecological
integrity and ranking the stressors most commonly associated with poor conditions.
The Agency will continue in FY 2013 to assist communities, particularly underserved
communities, in their local efforts to restore and protect the quality of their urban waters.
By integrating water quality improvement activities and partnering with federal, state,
local, and non-governmental organizations, the EPA will help to sustain local
commitment over the longer time frame that is required for water quality improvement in
urban watersheds. In support of the President's America's Great Outdoors (AGO)
initiative, the EPA will provide grants and technical assistance to support community
urban water stewardship and local restoration efforts. As part of the Urban Waters
Federal Partnership, the EPA also will coordinate with member agencies to deliver
technical assistance to pilot communities. Focus areas may include: promoting green
infrastructure to reduce contaminated stormwater runoff; promoting volunteer
monitoring; and tailoring risk communication and outreach to communities. The Urban
Waters grant program will provide $4.4 million to fund innovative approaches for water
quality improvement enhancements in urban areas that will help communities revitalize
their waterfronts and accelerate measurable water quality improvements.
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
As part of the Agency's core missions under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking
Water Act, the EPA will continue to address climate change impacts to water resource
programs and to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions resulting from water activities.
Climate change will exacerbate water quality stressors such as stormwater and nutrient
pollution, will overload treatment systems, and could add new stressors such as those
related to expanding renewable energy development. WaterSense, Climate Ready
Estuaries, Climate Ready Water Utilities and Green Infrastructure are examples of
programs that will help stakeholders adapt to climate change in FY 2013, and programs
targeted at vulnerable populations will be increasingly important. Efforts to incorporate
climate change considerations into key programs will help protect water quality and the
nation's investment in drinking water and wastewater treatment infrastructure.
In FY 2013, the EPA, in cooperation with federal, state and tribal governments and
other stakeholders, will make progress toward achieving the national goal of no net loss
of wetlands under the Clean Water Act Section 404 regulatory program. In FY 2011, the
EPA and its partners met this national goal. In addition, since 2002, over 1,000,000
acres of habitat have been protected or restored within National Estuary Program study
areas. The Agency's FY 2013 budget request of $27.3 million for National Estuaries
Programs and Coastal Waterways will enable the protection or restoration of an
additional 100,000 acres within these areas.
Geographic Water Programs
The Administration has launched numerous cross-agency efforts to promote
collaboration and coordination among agencies, which include a suite of large aquatic
ecosystem restoration efforts. Three prominent examples for the EPA of cross-agency
restoration efforts are the Great Lakes, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Gulf of Mexico.
Working with its partners and stakeholders, the EPA has established special programs
to protect and restore each of these unique natural resources.
The EPA's ecosystem protection programs encompass a wide range of approaches that
address specific at-risk regional areas and larger categories of threatened systems,
such as urban waters, estuaries, and wetlands. Locally generated pollution, combined
with pollution carried by rivers and streams and through air deposition, can accumulate
in these ecosystems and degrade them over time. The EPA and its federal partners
along with states, tribes, municipalities, and private parties, will continue efforts to
restore the integrity of imperiled waters of the United States.
Great Lakes:
In FY 2013, $300 million in funding for the EPA-led Great Lakes Restoration Initiative
will address priority environmental issues (e.g., toxic substances, nonpoint source
pollution, habitat degradation and loss, and invasive species) in the largest freshwater
system in the world. This carefully coordinated interagency effort involves the White
House Council on Environmental Quality, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of
Homeland Security, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
State, Department of Defense, Department of Interior, and Department of
Transportation.
The EPA expects to continue to achieve substantial results through both federal
projects and projects done in conjunction with states, tribes, municipalities, universities,
and other organizations. Progress will continue in each of the Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative's five focus areas (see below) through implementation of both on-the-ground
and in-the-water actions. The EPA will place a priority on restoring beneficial uses in
Areas of Concern, delisting Areas of Concern, and reducing phosphorus pollution in
targeted watersheds.
Five Focus Areas:
• Toxic Substances and Areas of Concern
• Invasive Species
• Nearshore Health and Nonpoint Source
• Habitat and Wildlife Protection and Restoration
• Accountability, Education, Monitoring, Evaluation, Communication, and Partnerships
Chesapeake Bay:
The Chesapeake Bay Program's FY 2013 budget request of $72.6 million, an increase
of approximately $15.3 million, will allow the EPA-led inter-agency Federal Leadership
Committee to continue to implement the President's Executive Order on Chesapeake
Bay Protection and Restoration. The key initiatives include: implementing the TMDL;
assisting states in implementing their Phase II watershed implementation plans,
maintaining oversight of state permitting and compliance actions for the various sectors;
expanding and improving a publicly accessible TMDL tracking and accountability
system; deploying technology to integrate discrete Bay data systems and to present the
data in an accessible accountability system called ChesapeakeSfaf; implementing a
Bay-specific enforcement and compliance initiative; and moving forward on the Bay's
challenges related to toxic contaminants. In FY 2013, over 75 percent of the requested
new funding would be used to increase state implementation and accountability grants
worth a total of $32.1 million. These grants are key tools for Bay watershed states in
implementing their Watershed Implementation Plans, and the EPA is working to ensure
that the states provide support to local governments as they take the on-the-ground
actions necessary to achieve the goals of the Chesapeake Bay TMDL
Along with its federal and state partners, the EPA will establish two-year milestones for
all actions needed to restore water quality, habitats, land, fish, and shellfish. Achieving
allocations under the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Loads, the nation's largest
and most complex TMDL, requires significant scientific, technical, and programmatic
support to states and local jurisdictions to develop and implement the most appropriate
programs for meeting their responsibilities. The EPA will provide regulatory, legal,
enforcement, and technical support necessary to meet these challenges. In FY 2011,
the EPA met or exceeded its goals for implementing nitrogen, phosphorus, and
sediment reduction actions to achieve final TMDL allocations.
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force:
After the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, President Obama signed Executive Order
13554 that established the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force, chaired by
Administrator Jackson of the EPA. In FY 2013, the Task Force will continue to serve as
the federal lead in Gulf Coast restoration, building off of the tremendous early efforts of
the Working Group, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, and others, while working to assist the
Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Trustee Council. The Trustee Council
focuses on restoring, rehabilitating, or replacing the natural resources damaged by the
oil spill, while the Task Force and its federal agency partners focus their individual
efforts on the broader suite of impacts afflicting the Gulf Coast region. The Gulf of
Mexico program's FY 2013 budget request of $4.4 million will allow the EPA to continue
its support for Gulf restoration work, such as habitat conservation and replenishment
and protection of coastal and marine resources. In FY 2011, the EPA exceeded its
targets for 1) restoring water and habitat quality to meet water quality standards in
impaired segments in 13 priority coastal areas, and 2) restoring, enhancing or protecting
over 30,000 cumulative acres of important coastal and marine habitats.
The Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force has developed a Gulf of Mexico
Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy that identifies major policy areas where
coordinated federal-state action is necessary and also considers existing restoration
planning efforts in the region to identify planning gaps and restoration needs. This
strategy will inform federal investments in ecosystem restoration in the Gulf region over
the next decade. The Administration also supports dedicating a significant portion of the
eventual Clean Water Act civil penalties resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
for Gulf recovery, in addition to current funding for Gulf programs.
Homeland Security
In FY 2013, in its role in protecting the nation's critical water infrastructure from terrorist
and other threats, the EPA and its stakeholder group will evaluate data from the final
Water Security Initiative pilots in four major metropolitan areas on effectiveness,
sustainability (including costs and benefits), and implementation ability. The EPA also
will develop tools to enable national adoption of contamination warning systems by the
water sector.
Research
Environmental challenges in the 21st century are more complex than before. Causes of
environmental and health risks, such as climate change, urbanization, nonpoint source
water pollution, and increased water demand, have become universal and require
different thinking and solutions than in the past. Reducing risk can no longer be the only
approach to environmental protection. Industry and government are looking toward
solutions that enhance economic growth, social well-being, public health, and
environmental quality.
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
Increased demands, land use practices, population growth, aging infrastructure, and
climate change and variability, pose significant threats to our nation's water resources.
(See Figure 1)
.create-
affect -
-produce.
Drivers
Agriculture,
Forestry,
Fishing
Energy/Mineral
Extraction
and Injection
[ Manufacturing
Recreation,
Tourism
[Public works,
I Construction
f Transportation j
Pressures
[Emissions]
[Climatechange ]
Water
withdrawal
[ Pollution]
State
Flow timing
and quantity
Physical and
chemical
condition
Ecological
structure
and function
Impact
Ecosystem
services
Human
well-being
Valuation
-to inform
alter-
Responses
Land use planning
&BMPS
Water quality
management
Water quantity
management
| Dam operations
[ Wetlands restoration
f Climate adaptation
Species and
habitat protection
Figure 1: Conceptual model for watersheds, where socioeconomic forces influence the
ecosystem; human activities place stress on the ecosystem; the state is the condition of
the ecosystem; the impact relates to benefits that ecosystems provide, and their value to
human well-being; and responses are the environmental management actions and
decisions by society.
Such competing interests require the development of innovative new solutions for water
resource managers and other decision-makers. To address these challenges, the EPA's
Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) research program provides the
information and tools that the EPA needs to meet its legal, statutory, and policy
challenges. Research will integrate social, economic, and environmental sciences to
support the nation's range of growing water-use and ecological requirements.
SSWR is conducting research that will enable decision-makers to identify what is
needed to protect water resources, including information about complex tradeoffs, water
contaminants and nutrient management on watershed, regional, and national scales.
This research is informing the EPA's first National Wetlands Condition Report.
Researchers are also developing tools to better detect and assess waterborne
chemicals and microbial contaminants. In FY 2013, the SSWR program will report on
the presence of Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water, a compound of
concern because of its carcinogenic potential. In addition, in support of the Agency's
Recommended Elements of a State Nutrients Framework, the EPA will conduct
research to improve, demonstrate and apply numeric nutrient criteria approaches
across different scales and waterbody types.
Research also addresses and adapts to future water resources management needs to
ensure that natural and engineered water systems have the capacity and resiliency to
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Goal 2: Protecting America's Waters
meet current and future water needs. The SSWR program will continue developing,
implementing, and providing guidance on green infrastructure projects as a cost-
effective approach to stormwater management. Additionally, the SSWR research
program will continue to ensure the safety of America's water resources through new
approaches to monitor and mitigate aging distribution and collection systems.
The SSWR research program also will continue research to address potential water
supply endangerment associated with subsurface land use practices including energy
and mineral extraction. Research conducted includes studying the impacts of hydraulic
fracturing on the Nation's water resources. The EPA seeks to investigate the public and
environmental health questions while maximizing the benefits of hydraulic fracturing
practices. The EPA will continue conducting research to determine whether hydraulic
fracturing has adverse effects on drinking water resources. In addition, the EPA will
begin studying the impacts of hydraulic fracturing on air, water quality, and ecosystems.
This research will complement the EPA's current study on potential impacts of hydraulic
fracturing on drinking water, and will expand upon and compliment ongoing coordination
with DOE and USGS under a developing MOU.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing
Sustainable Development
Strategic Goal: Clean up communities, advance sustainable development, and
protect disproportionately impacted low-income, minority, and tribal communities.
Prevent releases of harmful substances and clean up and restore contaminated areas.
Resource Summary
(Dollars in Thousands)
23.1% of Budget
FY 201 1
Enacted
Difference
FY2013 FY 201 2 EN
FY 201 2 President's to FY 201 3
Enacted Budget PresBud
1 - Promote Sustainable and Livable
Communities $500,571
2 - Preserve Land $268,881
3 - Restore Land $1,167,578
4 - Strengthen Human Health and
Environmental Protection in Indian
Country $87,385
$483,770
$254,818
$1,104,154
$478,700
$242,951
$1,097,100
$88,311 $119,248
($5,070)
($11,868)
($7,054)
$30,937
Goal 3 Total
$2,024,415 $1,931,053 $1,937,999
$6,945
Workyears
4,464
4,289
4,342
53
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Introduction
The EPA strives to protect and restore land, one of America's most valuable resources,
by cleaning up communities to create a safer environment for all Americans. Hazardous
and non-hazardous wastes on land can migrate to the air, groundwater and surface
water, contaminating drinking water supplies, causing acute illnesses and chronic
diseases, and threatening healthy ecosystems. The EPA will continue efforts to prevent
and reduce the risks posed by releases of harmful substances to land, clean up
communities, strengthen state and tribal partnerships, expand the conversation on
environmentalism, and work for environmental justice. The Agency also will advance
sustainable development and maximize efforts to protect disproportionately impacted
low-income, minority, and tribal communities through outreach and protection efforts for
communities historically underrepresented in the EPA's decision-making.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to work collaboratively with state and tribal partners to
prevent and reduce exposure to contaminants. Improved compliance at high-risk oil and
chemical facilities through inspections will help prevent exposure and lower the risk of
accidents. The EPA and its key state, tribal, and local partners, including affected
communities, have matured in our collaborative approaches to identifying and cleaning
up contaminated sites and putting these sites back into productive use for communities.
To address exposures to releases that have already occurred and/or will occur in the
future, the EPA will continue the multi-year Integrated Cleanup Initiative (ICI) program
for the fourth year. The Initiative will identify and implement opportunities to integrate
and leverage the full range of the Agency's land cleanup authorities to accelerate the
pace of cleanups, address a greater number of contaminated sites, and put these sites
back into productive use while protecting human health and the environment.
As a result of the ICI effort, the Agency will implement improvements to its land cleanup
programs (e.g., Superfund, Brownfields, RCRA Corrective Action, and Leaking
Underground Storage Tanks) to address the cleanup needs at individual sites. These
efforts will be supported by sound scientific data, research, and cost-effective tools that
alert the EPA to emerging issues and inform Agency decisions on managing materials
and addressing contaminated properties. The EPA also will continue to implement its
Community Engagement Initiative. The goals of this initiative are to ensure transparent
and accessible decision-making processes, deliver information that communities can
use to participate meaningfully, and help the EPA produce outcomes that are
responsive to community perspectives and that ensure timely cleanup decisions.
Improving a community's ability to make decisions that affect its environment is at the
heart of the EPA's community-centered work. Challenging and complex environmental
problems such as contaminated soil, sediment, and groundwater that can cause human
health concerns, persist at many contaminated properties. The burden of a single
blighted and contaminated site, or multiple blighted and contaminated sites
concentrated within an area, can result in long-term environmental and economic
distress to a community. As multiple sites often are connected through infrastructure
and geographic location, approaching the assessment and cleanup needs of the entire
area can be more effective than focusing on individual sites. During FY 2013, the
Brownfields program will continue to support the Agency's ongoing brownfields area-
wide planning efforts. The cooperative agreements awarded and technical assistance
provided for brownfields area-wide planning helps communities identify viable reuses of
brownfields properties, as well as the full range of associated infrastructure investments
and environmental improvements, which will help site cleanup and area revitalization.
This approach maximizes the benefits that clean up and restoration can bring to a
community.
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue its work to cleanup, redevelop, and revitalize
contaminated sites. Many communities across the country regularly face risks posed by
intentional and accidental releases of hazardous substances into the environment. The
EPA and its state partners issue, update, or maintain RCRA permits for 2,466
hazardous waste facilities. In FY 2011, the EPA approved new or updated controls for
100 hazardous waste facilities. In addition, there are 1,652 sites on the Superfund
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
National Priorities List (NPL), only 347 of which have been deleted. Sites are placed on
the NPL when the presence of contamination, often from complex chemical mixtures of
hazardous substances, has impacted groundwater, surface water, and/or soil. The
precise impact of many contaminant mixtures on human health remains uncertain;
however, substances commonly found at Superfund sites have been linked to a variety
of human health problems, such as birth defects, infertility, cancer, and changes in
neurobehavioral functions. Through FY 2011, the EPA had controlled human exposures
to contamination at 1,348 NPL sites.
In FY 2013, the EPA is directing $5.7 million to compliance monitoring and on-site
inspections at Risk Management Plan (RMP) and oil facilities. There is a critical need
for the Agency to continue efforts to prevent and respond to accidental releases of
harmful substances, including oil spills, by developing clear authorities, training
personnel, and providing proper equipment. Recent spills and releases at oil and
chemical facilities resulted in human injuries and deaths, severe environmental damage,
and great financial loss. For example, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster resulted
in 11 deaths, over 200 million gallons of spilled oil, and severe economic and
environmental damage throughout the Gulf. Likewise, accidents reported to the EPA
since 2005 by the current universe of RMP facilities have resulted in approximately 60
deaths, over 1,300 injuries, nearly 200,000 people sheltered in place, and more than
$1.6 billion in on-site and off-site damages.
Major FY 2013 Changes
The EPA has carefully evaluated all program activities associated with cleaning up
communities and taking care of one of America's most valuable resources, land. The FY
2013 request reflects the EPA's continuous analysis of program priorities and needs in
light of fiscal constraints which informed the decisions to reduce or eliminate programs
and redirect resources to higher priorities. This budget reflects difficult choices such as
a reduction to the Superfund cleanup programs of $40.7 million and the elimination of
the Environmental Education program and the Superfund: Support for Other Federal
Agencies program (which transfers funds to other agencies automatically). The EPA
has targeted resources to areas of critical need including Tribal General Assistance
(GAP) and Oil Spill Prevention.
The FY 2013 request strongly supports tribal programs. As the largest single source of
the EPA's funding to tribes, the Tribal General Assistance Program (GAP) provides
grants to build capacity to administer environmental programs that may be authorized
by the EPA in Indian Country. The capacity to develop environmental education and
outreach programs, develop and implement integrated solid waste management plans,
and to identify serious conditions that pose immediate public health and ecological
threats, is important for the health of the tribal communities. These grants provide
technical assistance for developing programs to address environmental issues on
Indian lands. In FY 2013, $96.4 million, a $28.7 million increase over FY 2012, for GAP
grants will help build tribal capacity and assist tribes in leveraging other EPA and federal
funding to contribute towards a higher overall level of environmental and human health
protection for this underserved population.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
The discharge of oil into U.S. waters can threaten human health, cause severe
environmental damage, and induce great financial loss to businesses, all levels of
government and the public. The EPA's Oil Spill program protects U.S. waters and the
communities that depend on them by preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil
spills. In FY 2013, $19.3 million, an increase of $4.6 million, is requested for the Oil
Spill: Prevention, Preparation and Response program. Additional resources will allow
the Agency to better protect local communities by supporting increased inspections of
high-risk Facility Response Plan (FRP) facilities, establishing a national oil database,
helping facilities with compliance issues, better equipping inspectors for more efficient
inspection processes, and informing program management and measurement activities.
There are approximately 4,500 FRP facilities. In FY 2013, the EPA's goal is to bring into
compliance 40 percent of those facilities found to be non-compliant during the FY 2010
through FY 2012 inspection cycle.
In FY 2013, the EPA will redirect $2.0 million for planning and implementing a Regional
Center of Expertise for Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) Laboratories to consolidate
functions and gain cost and human capital efficiencies. Maintaining this national
capability is essential to support emergency responses and NPL site cleanup decisions.
The Agency will conduct an analysis to determine how to maintain this CWA capability
most effectively at Regional laboratories. This analysis would include potential
consolidation of the facilities and equipment that requires support, while maintaining the
strategic vision for the wider federal effort developed by the Department of Homeland
Security. Other priority considerations include maintaining national expertise in this
area, processes to mobilize this expertise, and policy for dual use of the capability to
promote more efficient operations and other factors.
In FY 2013, the Agency is reducing the Superfund Remedial program by $33.2 million.
To withstand this reduction, the Agency will give priority to completing projects at
various stages in the response process. The EPA will not plan to start new project
phases, including new remedial construction starts. Instead, the Agency will focus on
completing ongoing project phases, such as investigation, remedy design, and remedy
construction. This approach will create a backlog of new construction projects estimated
to range between 25 and 35 by the end of FY 2013. The EPA will not reduce its
statutorily mandated actions to operate ground water remedies, or to monitor and
assess the protectiveness of the constructed remedies. The program will continue to
place emphasis on promoting site reuse in affected communities, but this shift may
impact the EPA's longer-term commitment to complete 93,400 Superfund remedial site
assessments by 2015. Through FY 2011, 89,916 sites had been assessed. The pace of
ongoing construction projects will be slowed, extending the timeline to achieve site
cleanup and the return of sites to productive use. In order to protect the public from
imminent threats to human health and the environment, the EPA is maintaining funding
levels for the Superfund Emergency Response and Removal program. The program
that provides automatic transfer funding to other federal agencies (Superfund: Support
to Other Federal Agencies) is being eliminated as outdated. Funding for Superfund
support by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Coast Guard,
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
and Department of the Interior will be provided on an as-needed basis through inter-
agency agreements.
The EPA conducts environmental education activities and outreach through its national
program offices (e.g., the Office of Water, etc.), as well as through its Environmental
Education program. The Agency proposes to eliminate its Environmental Education
program, a reduction of nearly $10 million, in order to focus its limited resources on
further integrating environmental education activities into existing environmental
programs. In FY 2012, the EPA established the Intra-Agency Environmental Education
Workgroup to incorporate environmental literacy and stewardship activities across all
EPA programs. By aligning environmental education and outreach activities with the
appropriate national programs, the EPA is improving the accountability and outcomes of
these activities. Elimination of the Environmental Education program will allow the EPA
to better leverage its resources for environmental outreach activities which will be
carried out under a streamlined and coordinated approach, thus better serving the
public while promoting environmental literacy. The Agency also will enhance efforts to
develop additional public-private partnership to help support environmental education
stakeholders.
Priority Goal
The EPA has established an FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal to highlight progress made
through cleaning up contaminated sites. The Priority Goal is:
• Clean up contaminated sites and make them ready for use. By September 30, 2013,
an additional 22,100 sites will be ready for anticipated use.
Additional information on the Agency's Priority Goals can be found at
www.performance.gov.
FY 2013 Activities
Work under Goal 3 supports four objectives: 1) Promote Sustainable and Livable
Communities, 2) Preserve Land; 3) Restore Land; and 4) Strengthen Human Health and
Environmental Protection in Indian Country. All of these efforts are guided by science
and research.
Promote Sustainable and Livable Communities
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to use several approaches to promote sustainable,
healthier communities and protect vulnerable populations and disproportionately
impacted low-income, minority, and tribal communities. The Agency especially is
concerned about threats to sensitive populations, such as children, the elderly, and
individuals with chronic diseases.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
Brownfields:
The EPA's Brownfields program is funded at $167 million. This program supports
states, local communities, and tribes in their efforts to assess and clean up potentially
contaminated and lightly contaminated sites within their jurisdiction. In FY 2013, this
support includes participation in the Partnership for Sustainable Communities,
particularly for brownfields area-wide planning projects and support for sustainable
redevelopment approaches to brownfields. The EPA will continue to provide technical
assistance for brownfields redevelopment in cities in transition (areas struggling with
high unemployment as a result of structural changes to their economies). In addition,
the Brownfields program, in collaboration with the EPA's Sustainable Communities
program, will address critical issues for brownfields redevelopment, including land
assembly, development permitting issues, financing, accountability to uniform systems
of information for land use controls, and other factors that influence the economic
viability of brownfields redevelopment. The best practices, tools, and lessons learned
from the Sustainable Communities program will directly inform and assist the EPA's
efforts to increase area-wide planning for assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment of
brownfields sites. In FY 2013, the Brownfields program will continue to foster federal,
state, local, and public-private partnerships to return properties to productive economic
use in communities.
The EPA supports a modification to the current statutory language which calls for a firm
25-percent set-aside for petroleum brownfields properties. The new language will
provide for "no more than 25 percent" of Brownfields funds directed to petroleum sites.
This change will allow brownfield funding to be directed to projects selected based on
potential risk and benefits. Petroleum sites will remain eligible for funding.
Smart Growth:
The Agency's Smart Growth and Sustainable Design program works across the EPA
and with other federal agencies to help communities strengthen their economies,
protecting the environment and preserving their heritage. This program focuses on
streamlining, concentrating, and leveraging state and federal assistance in places with
the greatest need in order to create an inviting atmosphere for economic development
upon which urban, suburban, and rural communities can capitalize. In FY 2013, the
EPA will develop new mechanisms to address the growing demand from communities
for more direct technical assistance, including in rural areas, in areas that are
disadvantaged, or in areas that have been adversely affected by contamination and
environmental degradation.
The Agency also will continue its support for the U.S. Department of Transportation,
Housing and Urban Development, and the EPA's Partnership for Sustainable
Communities by coordinating planning efforts associated with housing, transportation,
air quality, and protection of water resources. The EPA will continue to provide technical
assistance to tribal, state, regional, and local governments as they seek to grow their
economies and create jobs while reducing polluting emissions, controlling storm-water
runoff, incorporating sustainable design practices, and promoting equitable
development.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
Environmental Justice:
The EPA is committed to environmental justice regardless of race, color, national origin,
or income. Recognizing that minority and/or low-income communities frequently may be
exposed disproportionately to environmental harm and risks, the Agency works to
protect these communities and to ensure they are given the opportunity to participate
meaningfully in environmental decisions, including clean-ups. In FY 2013, the EPA
requests $7.8 million for the Environmental Justice (EJ) program to continue its efforts
to incorporate environmental justice considerations into the rulemaking process, as well
as maintain the successful ongoing grants program. Implementation of Plan EJ 2014 by
Agency Programs and Regional Offices is a key component of this effort. An ongoing
challenge for the EPA has been developing rules that implement existing statutory
authority while working to reduce disproportionate exposure and impacts from multiple
sources. In FY 2013, the EJ program will apply effective methods suitable for decision-
making involving disproportionate environmental health impacts on minority, low-
income, and tribal populations. The EPA also is developing technical guidance to
support the integration of EJ considerations in analyses that support the EPA's actions.
Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE):
The Agency places a high priority on expanding the conversation on environmentalism
and working for environmental justice. Through the Community Action for a Renewed
Environment (CARE) Program, the EPA will provide funding, tools, and technical
support that enable underserved communities to create collaborative partnerships to
address local environmental problems. The on-the-ground support and funding will help
to reduce toxic pollution from all sources, revitalize underserved areas, and improve the
health of communities across the nation in sustainable ways. In dealing with multi-
media, multi-layered issues, communities want "One EPA" and "one government". For
each of the CARE communities, the EPA will work with the community to see their
problems holistically, the way they see them.
In FY 2013, the EPA is requesting new grant authority to implement this successful
program beyond the demonstration phase. The CARE program is designed to assist
distressed communities with addressing critical human health and environmental risks
using a multi-media approach, with 90 percent of CARE projects in Environmental
Justice communities of concern. With FY 2013 funding of $2.1 million, the EPA will
address pollution problems in communities using collaborative processes to select and
implement local actions. The EPA will award federal funding for projects to reduce
exposure to toxic pollutants and local environmental problems, create and strengthen
local partnerships and capacity, provide technical support and training, and conduct
outreach to share lessons learned by CARE communities. In FY 2013, the Agency also
will continue to support CARE through the Brownfields and Sustainable Communities
Programs to enhance the building of local partnerships, to help underserved
communities, and to leverage resources and sustain environmental health efforts over
time.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
U.S.-Mexico Border:
The EPA is requesting $14.5 million for U.S.-Mexico Border programs in FY 2013,
including $10 million for Infrastructure Assistance grants. The 2,000 mile border
between the United States and Mexico is one of the most complex and dynamic regions
in the world. The U.S.-Mexico Border region hosts a growing population of more than
14.1 million people and accounts for three of the ten poorest counties in the U.S. In
addition, 432,000 of the over 14 million people in the region live in 1,200 colonias,1
which are unincorporated communities characterized by substandard housing and
unsafe drinking water. These demographics pose unique drinking water and wastewater
infrastructure challenges as well as air pollution issues. Border 2020 has identified six
long-term strategic goals to address the serious environmental and environmentally-
related public health challenges including the impact of transboundary transport of
pollutants in the border region. The six goals are: reduce conventional air pollutant and
emissions; improve water quality and water infrastructure sustainability and reduce
exposure to contaminated water; materials management and clean sites; improve
environmental and public health through chemical safety; enhance joint preparedness
for environmental response; and compliance assurance and environmental stewardship.
Preserve and Restore Land
In FY 2013, the Agency is requesting $1.3 billion to continue to apply the most effective
approaches to preserve and restore land by developing and implementing prevention
programs, improving response capabilities, and maximizing the effectiveness of
response and cleanup actions under RCRA, Superfund, LUST and other authorities.
This strategy will help ensure that human health and the environment are protected and
that land is returned to beneficial use in the most effective way.
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to use a hierarchy of approaches to protect the land:
reducing waste at its source, recycling waste, managing waste effectively by preventing
spills and releases of toxic materials, and cleaning up contaminated properties. The
Agency is especially concerned about threats to sensitive populations, such as children,
the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, and prioritizes cleanups accordingly.2
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA, or Superfund) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
provide legal authority for the EPA's work to protect the land. The Agency and its
partners use Superfund authority to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous
waste sites, allowing land to be returned to productive use. Under RCRA, the EPA
works in partnership with states and tribes to address risks associated with anyone who
generates, recycles, transports, treats, stores, or disposes of waste.
1 http://www.borderhealth.org/border regioaphp
2 Additional information on these programs can be found at: www.epa.gov/superfund.
http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/er cleanup.htm. http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/ca/.
http://www.epa.gov/BrownfieldsA http://www.epa.gov/swerustlA http://www.epa.gov/swerffrr/ and
http://www.epa.gov/swerrims/landrevitalization.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
In FY 2013, the EPA will work to preserve and restore the nation's land by ensuring
proper management of waste and petroleum products, reducing waste generation,
increasing recycling and by supporting its cleanup programs and oversight of oil and
chemical facilities. These efforts are integrated with the Agency's efforts to promote
sustainable and livable communities. The EPA's land program activities for FY 2013
include seven broad efforts: 1) Integrated Cleanup Initiative; 2) Land Cleanup and
Revitalization; 3) RCRA Waste Management and Corrective Action; 4) Recycling and
Waste Minimization; 5) Underground Storage Tanks management; 6) Oil Spills and
Chemical Safety, and 7) Homeland Security.
Integrated Cleanup Initiative3:
In FY 2010, the EPA initiated a multi-year strategy called the Integrated Cleanup
Initiative (ICI) to improve accountability, transparency, and effectiveness by better
integrating and leveraging the Agency's land cleanup authorities. The ICI establishes a
framework of activities, milestone dates, and deliverables to enable the EPA to address
a greater number of sites, accelerate the pace of cleanups, and put those sites back
into productive use while protecting human health and the environment. One of the
primary goals of ICI is to communicate progress, successes, and challenges in a
transparent manner to stakeholders and the public.
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to accelerate and otherwise improve comprehensive
management of all aspects of the Agency's cleanup programs while addressing the
three critical points in the cleanup process—starting, advancing, and completing site
cleanup. The Agency is exploring new project management efficiencies, broadening the
use of optimization techniques, and improving the efficiency of the grants and
contracting processes that are so important to our cleanup programs.
Land Cleanup and Revitalization:
In addition to promoting sustainable and livable communities, the EPA's cleanup
programs (e.g., Superfund Remedial, Superfund Federal Facilities Response,
Superfund Emergency Response and Removal, RCRA Corrective Action, Brownfields,
and Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) Cooperative Agreements) and their
partners are taking proactive steps to facilitate the cleanup and revitalization of
contaminated properties. To support the Land Revitalization Initiative, the EPA created
the Land Revitalization Agenda4 to integrate reuse into the EPA's cleanup programs,
establish partnerships, and help make land revitalization part of the EPA's
organizational culture. In FY 2013, the Agency will continue to help communities clean
up and revitalize these once productive properties by removing contamination, helping
limit urban sprawl, fostering ecologic habitat enhancements, enabling economic
development, taking advantage of existing infrastructure, and maintaining or improving
quality of life. In addition, the EPA will continue to support the RE-Powering America's
Land initiative5 in partnership with the Department of Energy, and support ongoing work
with the General Services Administration to expeditiously identify parcels of federally-
3 Additional information on this initiative may be found on http://www.epa.gov/oswer/integratedcleanup.htm.
4 Additional information on this agenda can be found on http://www.epa.gov/landreuse/agenda full.htm
5 Additional information on this initiative can be found on http://www.epa.gov/renewableenergyland/.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
owned property ready for reuse as part of cleanup. These projects encourage reuse and
development on currently or formerly contaminated land.
RCRA Waste Management and Corrective Action:
In partnership with the states, the Agency implements the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), which is critical to comprehensive and protective management of
solid and hazardous materials from cradle to grave. In FY 2013, the EPA and the states
will oversee and manage RCRA permits for 10,000 hazardous waste units at 2,466
facilities. The EPA is responsible for the continued oversight and maintenance of the
regulatory controls at facilities covered by RCRA and directly implements the entire
RCRA program in Iowa and Alaska.6 The EPA provides leadership, worksharing, and
support to the 50 states and territories authorized to implement the permitting program.
The RCRA permitting program faces a significant workload to ensure controls remain
protective. With declining state resources, the EPA is facing the potential of an
increasing amount of direct implementation responsibility.
The EPA's Corrective Action program is responsible for overseeing and managing
cleanups that protect human health and the environment at active RCRA sites. The
EPA focuses its corrective action resources on the 3,747 operating hazardous waste
facilities that are a subset of approximately 6,000 sites with corrective action obligations.
These facilities include some of the most highly contaminated, technically challenging,
and potentially threatening sites the EPA confronts in any of its cleanup programs.7 In
FY 2013, the EPA will focus resources on those sites that present the highest risk to
human health and the environment and implement actions to end or reduce these
threats. To this end, the Agency will focus on site investigations to identify threats,
establish interim remedies to reduce and eliminate exposure; and select and construct
safe, effective long-term remedies that maintain the viability of the operating facility.
Recycling and Waste Minimization:
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to advance the sustainable materials management
(SMM) practices and a cradle-to-cradle perspective representing an important emphasis
shift from waste management to materials management. This involves integrating
information to foster a national focus, formulating and issuing policy, and addressing
market challenges on raw material usage (non-fossil fuel or food). The EPA considers
the human health and environmental impacts associated with the full lifecycle of
materials—from the amount and toxicity of raw materials extraction, through
transportation, processing, manufacturing, use and re-use, recycling, and disposal. The
Agency's approach to SMM integrates the safe reuse of materials with economic
opportunity. The initial strategy areas include: 1) federal green challenge to reform
government purchasing practices in an environmentally friendly manner; 2) sustainable
food management to help capture and prevent food from being disposed in landfills; and
6 http://www.epa.gov/wastes/hazard/tsd/permit/pgprarpt.htm
7 There are additional facilities that have corrective action obligations that the EPA does not track under GPRA, as
they are typically smaller, less significant facilities or sites. The EPA recognizes that the total universe of such
facilities or sites "subject to" corrective action universe is between five and six thousand facilities or sites.
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
3) safe handling of used electronics to increase the amount of used electronics
managed by accredited third party electronics recyclers.
The EPAct and Underground Storage Tanks:
The EPAct8 contains numerous provisions that significantly affect federal and state
underground storage tank (LIST) programs and requires that the EPA and states
strengthen tank release and prevention programs. In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to
provide grants to states to help them meet their EPAct responsibilities, which include: 1)
mandatory inspections every three years for all underground storage tanks and
enforcement of violations discovered during the inspections; 2) operator training; 3)
prohibition of delivery for non-complying facilities9; and 4) secondary containment or
financial responsibility for tank manufacturers and installers.
In FY 2013, the EPA will bolster communication and outreach to petroleum brownfields
stakeholders; provide targeted technical assistance to state, tribal, and local
governments; evaluate policies to facilitate increased petroleum brownfields site
revitalization; and pursue corridor and smart growth projects to promote investment in
and the sustainable reuse of petroleum brownfields.
Oil Spills and Chemical Safety:
The Oil Spill program helps protect U.S. waters by effectively preventing, preparing for,
responding to, and monitoring oil spills. In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to focus
efforts on oil spill prevention, preparedness, compliance assistance, and enforcement
activities associated with the more than 600 thousand non-transportation-related oil
storage facilities that the EPA regulates through its Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure (SPCC) Program. The Agency requests redirected resources of $4.1
million to increase the frequency of compliance inspections at high-risk oil facilities from
the current 20 year frequency to a seven to ten year cycle, develop a third-party audit
program, and develop a National Oil database. The EPA's regulated universe includes
approximately 4,500 FRP facilities and over 600,000 SPCC facilities.
The RMP (Risk Management Program) provides the foundation for community and
hazard response planning by requiring chemical facilities to take preventative
measures, as well as collecting and sharing data to assist other stakeholders in
preventing and responding to releases of all types. Taken together, the Risk
Management Program and Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
(EPCRA) establish a structure within which federal, state, local, and Tribal partners can
work together to protect the public, the economy, and the environment from chemical
risks. For FY 2013, the EPA requests redirected resources of $1.6 million to conduct on-
site inspections at approximately five percent of RMP facilities nationwide and at least
30 percent of those inspections will be at high risk facilities.
For more information, refer to http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-
bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname= 109 cong_public Iaws&docid=f:publ058.109.pdf (scroll to Title XV - Ethanol And Motor
Fuels, Subtitle B - Underground Storage Tank Compliance, on pages 500-513 of the pdf file).
9 Refer to Grant Guidelines to States for Implementing the Delivery Prohibition Provision of the Energy Policy Act
of 2005, August 2006, EPA-510-R-06-003, http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/epact_05.htm#Final.
57
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
In the Oil spill program, the goal in FY 2013 is that 40 percent of FRP facilities found to
be non-compliant during FY 2010 through FY 2012 will be brought into compliance by
the end of the fiscal year. In addition to its prevention responsibilities, the EPA serves
as the lead responder for cleanup of all inland zone spills, including transportation-
related spills from pipelines, trucks, and other transportation systems, and provides
technical assistance and support to the U.S. Coast Guard for coastal and maritime oil
spills.
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to review and revise, as appropriate, the National Oil
and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, including Subpart J that
regulates the use of dispersants and other chemicals as a tool in oil spill response. In
addition, the EPA is establishing a National Oil database to help streamline the process
for assisting facilities with compliance, better equip inspectors for more efficient
inspection processes, and inform program management and measurement activities. In
FY 2013, the EPA will finalize development and begin implementation of this National
Oil database including identifying requirements for electronic submission of FRPs in
order to create reporting efficiencies for the agency, states, local government and
industry.
Homeland Security:
The EPA's Homeland Security work is an important component of the Agency's
prevention, protection, and response activities. The EPA will continue to provide
Homeland Security emergency preparedness and response capability related to
chemical, biological, and radiological (CBR) agents and catastrophic incidents. In FY
2013, the Agency requests $38.7 million to: maintain its capability to respond effectively
to incidents that may involve harmful CBR substances; operate the Environmental
Response Laboratory Network (ERLN); maximize the effectiveness of its involvement in
national security events through pre-deployments of assets such as emergency
response personnel and field detection equipment; maintain the Emergency
Management Portal (EMP); and manage, collect, and validate new information for new
and existing chemical, biological, and radiological agents as decontamination
techniques are developed or as other information emerges from the scientific
community.
Improve Human Health and the Environment in Indian Country
In FY 2013, the EPA will assist federally-recognized tribes in assessing environmental
conditions in Indian country. The Agency is requesting $96.4 million for the Tribal GAP
program, a $28.7 increase, in order to help tribes build their capacity to implement
environmental programs. This additional funding will increase the average cost of grants
made to eligible tribes and will fund limited targeted assistance initiatives focused on
mutually agreed-upon concerns in Indian country. This will help to reduce staff turn-over
rates and thereby enhance longer-term sustainability of the programs being developed.
It will further the EPA's partnership and collaboration with tribes to address a wider set
of program responsibilities and challenges and will fund focused targeted assistance on
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
long-standing and mutually agreed-upon concerns in Indian country. The EPA also will
strengthen the scientific evidence and research supporting environmental policies and
decisions on compliance, pollution prevention, and environmental stewardship in Indian
country through continued collaboration with Agency program offices and through the
EPA's Tribal Science Council.
Since adopting the EPA Indian Policy in 1984, the EPA has worked with federally-
recognized tribes on a government-to-government basis, in recognition of the federal
government's trust responsibility to federally-recognized tribes. Under federal
environmental statutes, the Agency is responsible for protecting human health and the
environment in Indian country. In FY 2013, the EPA's Office of International and Tribal
Affairs will continue to lead agency-wide program efforts to work with tribes, Alaska
Native Villages, and inter-tribal consortia to fulfill this responsibility. The EPA's strategy
for achieving this objective has three major components:
• Establish an Environmental Presence in Indian Country: The Agency will continue to
provide funding through the Tribal General Assistance Program (GAP) so each
federally-recognized tribe can establish an environmental presence.
» Provide Access to Environmental Information: The EPA will provide the information
tribes need to meet the EPA and tribal environmental priorities and characterize the
environmental and public health improvements that result from joint actions.
• Implementation of Environmental Goals: The Agency will provide opportunities for
the implementation of tribal environmental programs by tribes through 1) media-
specific programs, 2) tribes themselves, or 3) directly by the EPA, if necessary.
Research
The Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program (SHCRP) will continue
research to support the EPA's program offices, and our state and tribal partners in
protecting and restoring land, and supporting community health. The work of the
SHCRP falls into four inter-related themes:
1. Data and Tools to Support Sustainable Community Decisions uses interactive
social media and other innovative means to enable communities and
stakeholders to actively engage in the planning, design, and implementation of
SHC research to meet their desired sustainability goals;
2. Forecasting and Assessing Ecological and Community Health will enable
communities to ensure the sustainable provision of ecosystem services and to
assess how the natural and built environment affects the health and well-being of
their residents;
3. Near-term Approaches for Sustainable Solutions builds upon the EPA's program
office experience to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of methods for
59
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Goal 3: Cleaning Up Communities and Advancing Sustainable Development
addressing existing sources of land and groundwater contamination, while
moving to innovative approaches that reduce new sources of contamination and
enable recovery of energy, materials, and nutrients from waste;
4. Integrated Solutions for Sustainable Outcomes assesses the state of the art of
sustainable practices for four high-priority community decision areas: waste and
materials management; infrastructure, including energy and water;
transportation; and planning and zoning for buildings and land use. It will use
whole-system modeling to integrate these four areas to better achieve outcomes
with multiple benefits and to develop and test Taskforce on Research to Inform
and Optimize (TRIO) accounting methods.
In FY 2013, the SHCRP will address many facets of site contamination and cleanup.
This includes source elimination of contaminated ground water and migration at
Superfund sites and plume management to reduce exposures via drinking water and
vapor intrusion. Research efforts are leading to screening, sampling, and modeling
approaches to assess risks from vapor intrusion and to define the need for mitigation in
homes, schools, and places of employment. This science will be used to develop
guidance in site ranking and in remedial investigations.
Research will characterize contaminated sediments, remediation options, and ways to
enhance cleanup of contaminated sediments, leading to restored ecological functioning
and lifting of fish consumption advisories in impaired waters. The EPA will use this
research to improve the cost effectiveness of sediment remediation cleanups and
achieve human health, environmental, and economic benefits of cleanup projects along
lakes and rivers. This research provides site-specific and general technical support to
the EPA as it evaluates options for remediation of Superfund sites.
The EPA will continue to develop or revise protocols to test oil spill control agents or
products for listing on the National Contingency Plan Product Schedule, including
dispersants performance and behavior in deep water. In addition, working with the
Agency's Underground Storage Tanks program, SHCRP will deliver improved
characterization and remediation methods for fuels released from leaking underground
storage tanks.
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing
Pollution
Strategic Goal: Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals and prevent
pollution at the source.
Resource Summary
(Dollars in Thousands)
8.3% of Budget
1 - Ensure Chemical Safety
2 - Promote Pollution Prevention
Goal 4 Total
FY2011
Enacted
$613,228
$58,649
$671,877
Difference
FY2013 FY 201 2 EN
FY2012 President's to FY 201 3
Enacted Budget PresBud
$604,597
$58,230
$662,826
$639,244
$60,017
$699,261
$34,647
$1,788
$36,435
Workyears
2,727
2,679
2,680
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Introduction
Chemicals are ubiquitous in our everyday lives and products. They are used in the
production of everything from our homes and cars to the cell phones we carry and the
food we eat. Chemicals often are released into the environment as a result of their
manufacture, processing, use, and disposal. Research shows that children are getting
steady infusions of industrial chemicals before they are even given solid food.1'2'3 Other
vulnerable groups, including low-income, minority, and indigenous populations, may be
disproportionately impacted by chemical exposure and thus particularly at risk.4'5'6
1 The Disproportionate Impact of Environmental Health Threats on Children of Color
(http://vosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/8d49f7ad4bbcf4ef852573590040b7f6/79a3fl3c301688828525770c0063
b277 lOpenDocumenf)
2 Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
3 Guide to Considering Children's Health When Developing EPA Actions: Implementing Executive Order 13045
and EPA's Policy on Evaluating Health Risks to Children
(http://vosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/ADPguide.htm/$File/EPAADP Guide 508.pdf)
4 Holistic Risk-based Environmental Decision Making: a Native Perspective
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241171')
5 Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low
Income Populations
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
A requested increase of $36.4 million in FY 2013 will support a crucial stage of the
EPA's strengthened approach to address existing chemicals that have not been tested
for adverse health or environmental effects. The FY 2013 request of $699 million will
allow the EPA to sustain its success in managing the potential risks of new chemicals
entering commerce and to significantly accelerate progress in assessing and ensuring
the safety of existing chemicals. In FY 2013, the EPA will move forward in its transition
from an approach dominated by voluntary chemical data submissions by industry, to a
more proactive approach to ensure chemical safety. The approach focuses on: 1) using
all available authorities under TSCA to take immediate and lasting action to eliminate or
reduce identified chemical risks and develop proven safer alternatives; 2) using
regulatory mechanisms to fill remaining gaps in critical exposure data, and increasing
transparency and public access to information on TSCA chemicals; 3) using data from
all available sources to conduct detailed chemical risk assessments on priority
chemicals to inform the need for and support development and implementation of risk
management actions; and 4) preventing introduction of unsafe new chemicals into
commerce.
In FY 2013, the EPA's Pesticide Licensing program will continue to screen new
pesticides before they reach the market and will continue to ensure that pesticides
already in commerce are safe when used in accordance with the label. As directed by
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), and the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), the
EPA will register pesticides to protect consumers, pesticide users, workers who may be
exposed to pesticides, children, and other sensitive populations. The EPA also will
review potential impacts on the environment, with particular attention to endangered
species.
The EPA has a long history of international collaboration on a wide range of global
environmental issues. Research under this goal supports the EPA's bilateral and
multilateral partnerships which have taken on new significance in the face of shared
environmental and governance challenges such as global climate change and
improving children's environmental health outcomes.
The EPA envisions that environmental progress in cooperation with global partners can
catalyze even greater progress toward protecting our domestic environment, including
adapting to climate change, ensuring that trade-related activities sustain environmental
protection, enhancing the ability of our trading partners to protect their environments
and develop in a sustainable manner, and improving international cooperation and
enhancing opportunities through effective consultation and collaboration related to
issues of mutual interest. To advance all of these efforts, the EPA continues to focus on
the following international priorities: building strong environmental institutions and legal
structures; combating climate change by limiting pollutants; improving air quality;
6 Interim Guidance on Considering Environmental Justice During the Development of an Action
(http://www.epa.gov/compliance/ej/resources/policv/considering-ej-in-rulemaking-guide-07-2010.pdf)
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
expanding access to clean water; reducing exposure to toxic chemicals; and cleaning
up e-waste.
Pollution prevention is central to the EPA's sustainability strategies. In FY 2013, the
EPA will enhance cross-cutting efforts to advance sustainable practices, safer
chemicals and sustainable lower risk processes and practices, and safer products. The
EPA will incorporate sustainability principles into our policies, regulations, and actions.
The combined effect of community-level actions, geographically targeted efforts,
attention to chemicals, and concern for ecosystems—implemented through the lens of
science, transparency, and law—will bring real improvements and protections. To help
ensure that communities have access to timely and meaningful data on toxic chemical
releases, the EPA will update the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) to clarify certain
reporting requirements, consider the regulatory addition of selected chemicals, and
consider whether to regulate additional industry sectors under TRI.
Achieving an environmentally sustainable future demands that the EPA address today's
environmental problems by using a science-based process while simultaneously
preparing for long-term challenges. The EPA's Science Advisory Board (SAB)
recognizes this and that solutions must tackle issues collectively, rather than
individually, to be effective.7 This belief is a core philosophy of the EPA's FY 2013
research program and it will position the Agency to address the environmental
challenges of the 21st Century.
Major FY 2013 Changes
Recognizing the tight limits on discretionary spending across government, the EPA has
evaluated its priorities and made necessary adjustments to focus FY 2013 resources on
the most significant efforts that help protect health and the environment from chemical
risks. The FY 2013 request reflects EPA's program priorities and needs in light of
current program activity levels and fiscal constraints. The EPA requests an increase in
FY 2013 of approximately $11 million over the FY 2012 enacted level for critical work in
Enhancing Chemical Safety. This priority work targets increased support for initiating,
continuing, and completing actions to reduce chemical risks; assessing chemical risks;
and obtaining needed information on potentially hazardous chemicals while maximizing
the availability of information to the public. In the research programs, an increase of
approximately $4 million supports sustainable molecular design research. The EPA will
use this program to generate the critical information needed by manufacturers to
develop inherently safer processes and products that minimize or eliminate the
associated adverse impacts on human health and the environment that could result
from the manufacturing, use, and disposal of chemicals, including nanomaterials.
Program priorities and needs in light of current program activity levels and fiscal
constraints required difficult decisions resulting in requests for program reductions and
eliminations. In FY 2013, the EPA will reduce by approximately $2 million all of the non-
7http://vosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/E989ECFC125966428525775B0047BElA/$File/EPA-SAB-10-010-
unsigned, pdf
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
enforcement activities of the PCB and fibers programs, acknowledging the program's
maturity, broad adoption, and well-documented and understood human health risks. In
FY 2013, the EPA also will reduce the Endocrine Disrupter program by approximately
$1 million as a result of progress being made to establish a full set of screening assays.
The program will transition to more efficient methodologies for screening chemicals,
such as computational toxicology (CompTox), as new technologies are validated,
yielding benefits such as automated, rapid screening that will be used to generate data
on the adverse effects of large numbers of chemicals.
FY 2013 Activities
Chemicals Program
Existing chemicals activities fall into three major components: 1) strengthening chemical
information collection, management, and transparency ($13.9 million); 2) screening and
assessing chemical risks ($14.9 million); and 3) reducing chemical risks ($24.6 million).
In FY 2013, the toxics program will maintain its 'zero tolerance' goal in preventing the
introduction of unsafe new chemicals into commerce. However, thousands of existing
('pre-TSCA') chemicals already in commerce remain un-assessed.
In FY 2013, the increased resources requested will allow the EPA to complete detailed
chemical risk assessments of priority chemicals that began in FY 2012 and to initiate
five to ten additional assessments, several of which will be completed in FY 2013. The
EPA also plans to develop hazard characterizations for 450 additional High Production
Volume (HPV) chemicals using the data obtained through TSCA test rules, bringing the
projected total by the end of FY 2013 to 2,433 of the 3,761 HPV chemicals identified
prior to the 2011 TSCA Chemical Data Reporting rule. The major activity of the New
Chemicals program is premanufacture notices (PMN) review and management, which
address the potential risks from approximately 1,000 chemicals, products of
biotechnology, and new chemical nanoscale materials received annually prior to their
entry into the US marketplace.
In FY 2013, the Agency will continue to implement the chemicals risk management
program to further eliminate risks from high-risk "legacy" chemicals. As illustrated on the
opposite page, the EPA will build on the successful national effort to reduce childhood
blood lead incidences and continue ongoing implementation of the Lead Renovation,
Repair and Painting (RRP) Rule though outreach efforts and targeted activities to
support renovator certifications. In collaboration with states and local governments, the
Agency will continue to address "hotspots" where there are remaining incidences of
children with high blood lead levels.
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
Children's Risk
Blood Lead Levels for Children aged 1-5
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
>10 ug/dL
Elevated Lead
Levels
>5 Ug/dL
New Concern Lead
Levels
• >5 Ug/dL
TARGET Lead Levels
For near Future
f / / j?
,
Endocrine Disrupter Program
In FY 2013, the Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program will focus on: 1) finalizing the
inter-laboratory validation of three Tier 2 assays; 2) prioritizing and selecting additional
chemicals for Tier 1 screening; 3) continuing to issue Tier 1 Test Orders for selected
chemicals evaluating results of Tier 1 screening data submitted for the first list of
pesticide chemicals; 4) conducting weight of evidence evaluations to determine which
pesticide chemicals have the potential to interact with endocrine systems (Tier 1), and if
so whether they should be further tested for effects (Tier 2); and 5) continuing
coordination and collaboration with the research and development program to
determine the applicability of computational toxicology-based approaches to assess a
chemical's potential to interact with the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid systems.
Pesticides Program
Key components of chemical safety in protecting human health, communities, and
ecosystems are identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks presented by the
pesticides on which our society and economy depend. Chemical and biological
pesticides help meet national and global demands for food. They provide effective pest
control for homes, schools, gardens, highways, utility lines, hospitals, and drinking water
treatment facilities and control animal vectors of disease. Many regulatory actions
involve reduced risk pesticides that, once registered, will result in increased societal
benefits.
In FY 2013, $129.0 million is requested to support the EPA pesticide review processes
for all pesticide applications. The EPA also will focus on improving pesticide
registrations' compliance with the Endangered Species Act and achieving broader
Agency objectives for water quality protection. The EPA also will continue to emphasize
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
the protection of potentially sensitive groups, such as children, by reducing exposures
from pesticides used in and around homes, schools, and other public areas. In addition,
the Agency worker protection, certification, and training regulations will encourage safe
application practices. Together, these programs will minimize exposure to pesticides,
maintain a safe and affordable food supply, address public health issues, and minimize
property damage that can occur from insects and pests.
Pollution Prevention Program
In FY 2013, the requested funding of $20.9 million for the EPA's Pollution Prevention
(P2) Program will target technical assistance, information, and assessments to
encourage the use of greener chemicals, technologies, processes, and products. The
EPA will continue to support programs with proven records of success, including
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP), Design for the Environment (DfE), Green
Suppliers Network, Pollution Prevention Technical Assistance, Partnership for
Sustainable Healthcare, Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. In addition, the
EPA's P2 Programs will support the Economy, Energy, and Environment (E3)
Partnership among federal agencies, local governments, and manufacturers to promote
energy efficiency, job creation, and environmental improvement. Work under these
programs also supports the energy reduction goals under Executive Order 13514.
Through these efforts, the EPA will continue to encourage government and business to
adopt source reduction practices that can help prevent pollution and avoid potential
adverse human health and environmental impacts.
Research
The EPA's Chemical Safety and Sustainability, Human Health Risk Assessment, and
Homeland Security Research Programs underpin the analysis of risks and potential
health impacts across the broad spectrum of EPA programs and provide the scientific
foundation for chemical safety and pollution prevention. In FY 2013, the EPA will further
strengthen its planning and delivery of science by continuing an integrated research
approach that tackles problems systematically instead of individually.
The requested increase of $2.5 million to the Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Research Program (CSSRP) will support the EPA's efforts to develop enhanced
chemical screening and testing techniques that improve context-relevant chemical
assessment and management. New tools promise to transform the way the EPA
evaluates risks of chemical products. The EPA will combine these new tools with
existing test methods, integrating toxicity and exposure pathways in the context of the
life cycle of the chemical. This approach will yield benefits such as automated, rapid
screening that will be used to generate data on the adverse effects of large numbers of
chemicals. Previous approaches were more narrowly targeted to single chemicals or
problem areas.
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue the multi-year transition away from the traditional
assays used in Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program (EDSP) through efforts to
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Goal 4: Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution
validate and use computational toxicology and high throughput screening methods. This
will allow the Agency to more quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively assess potential
chemical toxicity. For example, the average cost of testing 300 chemicals with
computational toxicology is about $20,000 per chemical, compared to more traditional
approaches that can cost more than $6 million per chemical. In FY 2013, the EPA will
continue to evaluate endocrine-relevant ToxCast assays.
The CSSRP also supports decision makers in individual localities and communities with
research on their priority contaminants. This will support better air toxics and drinking
water-related regional and local decision-making. Under the consolidated research
program, the EPA also will continue to support the scientific foundation for addressing
the risks of exposure to chemicals in wildlife.
In FY2013, the Agency's Human Health Risk Assessment Research Program will
continue to develop assessments including:
• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) health hazard and dose-response
assessments,
• Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs)of criteria air pollutants;
• Community Risk and Technical Support, and
• Methods, models, and approaches to modernize risk assessment for the 21st
Century.
The program will release draft Integrated Science Assessments for nitrogen oxides and
carbon monoxide for Clean Air Science Advisory Committee review and public
comment. The program will make significant progress on health hazard assessments of
high priority chemicals (e.g., dioxin, methanol, cumulative phthalate assessment, benzo-
a-pyrene, Libby asbestos cancer assessment, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) non-
cancer assessment).
The Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) will continue to enhance the
nation's preparedness, response, and recovery capabilities for homeland security
incidents and other hazards. The HSRP will provide stakeholders with valuable
detection and response analytics for incidents involving chemical, biological, or
radiological agents. The program will emphasize research needed to support response
and recovery from wide-area attacks involving radiological agents, nuclear agents, and
biothreat agents such as anthrax.
The EPA will allocate $164.4 million to the Chemical Safety and Sustainability, Human
Health Risk Assessment, and Homeland Security Research Programs in FY 2013.
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Strategic Goal: Protect human health and the environment through vigorous and
targeted civil and criminal enforcement. Assure compliance with environmental laws.
Resource Summary
(Dollars in Thousands)
1
9.9% of Budget
- Enforce Environmental Laws
Goal 5 Total
FY 201 1
Enacted
$799,069
$799,069
FY2012
Enacted
$784,884
$784,884
FY2013
President's
Budget
$830,412
$830,412
Difference
FY 201 2 EN
to FY 201 3
PresBud
$45,528
$45,528
Workyears
3,992
3,933
3,885
(48)
NOTE: Numbers may not add due to rounding.
Introduction
The EPA's civil and criminal enforcement programs perform the core function of
assuring compliance with our nation's environmental laws. A strong and effective
enforcement program is essential to maintain respect for the rule of law and a level
economic playing field, and to realize the promise of federal statutes to protect the
environment and the public health of citizens.
On January 18, 2011, President Obama issued a "Presidential Memoranda -
Regulatory Compliance"1 which reaffirms the importance of effective enforcement and
compliance in regulations. In part, it states "Sound regulatory enforcement promotes the
welfare of Americans in many ways, by increasing public safety, improving working
conditions, and protecting the air we breathe and the water we drink. Consistent
regulatory enforcement also levels the playing field among regulated entities, ensuring
that those that fail to comply with the law do not have an unfair advantage over their
law-abiding competitors."
In FY 2013, the EPA seeks to maintain the strength of its core national Enforcement
and Compliance Assurance program. Recognizing the limitations of the federal budget
and the declining resources of the states, the Agency will continue to implement
strategies that use resources more efficiently and find opportunities to focus and
leverage efforts to assure compliance with environmental laws.
1 For more information regarding the Regulatory Compliance Memo, please refer to:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/01/18/presidential-memoranda-regulatorv-compliance
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
The EPA has achieved impressive pollution control and health benefits through vigorous
compliance monitoring and enforcement, but tough enforcement alone will not address
all noncompliance problems. The sheer number of regulated facilities, the contribution
of large numbers of smaller sources to environmental problems, and federal and state
budget constraints, mean the EPA can no longer rely primarily on the traditional single
facility inspection and enforcement approach to ensure widespread compliance2. In
light of the fiscal constraints, the need to innovate is even greater if the EPA is to
achieve gains in compliance over the long-term. Instead, the EPA needs to develop and
implement a new paradigm that relies heavily on advances in both monitoring and
information technology and that will improve oversight and reduce burdens on business.
This new paradigm is called "Next Generation Compliance." There are multiple
components to this new paradigm: the use of modern monitoring technology to detect
pollution problems; electronic reporting by facilities so that quality, complete and timely
information on compliance and pollutants can be obtained; transparency so the public is
aware of facility and government environmental performance; implementation of
innovative enforcement approaches; and structuring regulations to drive compliance. In
FY 2013, the national Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program will increase
efforts to implement Next Generation Compliance approaches to help achieve the
EPA's goals more efficiently and effectively while continuing to pursue high priority
work.
In FY 2013, the EPA will focus on addressing the most important public health and
environmental compliance problems. In addition, the Agency proposes to accelerate its
Next Generation Compliance approaches to harness the tools of 21st century
technology to make this program more efficient and effective for the future. For
example, the burden and costs of monitoring and compliance reporting can be reduced
for the EPA, states and businesses by investing in modern monitoring and electronic
reporting technology. This would allow the EPA and states to move away from the
traditional model of reliance on time-consuming and expensive individual facility
inspections and paper reporting. The Agency also will continue to emphasize the
importance of making compliance information publicly available to better serve the
American people and provide an efficient and effective incentive to promote compliance
with environmental laws.
Major FY 2013 Changes
It is critically important that the EPA continually assess its priorities and embrace new
approaches that can help achieve goals more efficiently and effectively. The EPA's FY
2013 budget submission for the Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program
decreases some program areas so the Agency can continue to pursue the highest
priority work, including work on the national enforcement initiatives.
2 www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/policies/civil/cwa/actionplanl01409.pdf
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
In FY 2013, the Agency will redirect or refocus resources within the enforcement and
compliance programs in order to accelerate efforts to increase compliance with the
nation's environmental laws. This effort will enhance the EPA's ability to detect
violations that impact public health, reduce transaction costs for the regulated
community, and better engage the public to drive behavioral changes in compliance.
The EPA will promote e-reporting by implementing new technologies, develop and
disseminate advanced monitoring tools, upgrade Agency IT infrastructure to exploit
more fully the wealth of new monitoring data, and modernize the EPA's approach to
enforcement by ensuring new and existing rules incorporate electronic reporting. In FY
2013, a key element of this approach will be modifying data systems to implement e-
reporting with regulated facilities, leading to improved compliance and transparency,
and more efficient processes that do not rely on paper-based reporting. The EPA and
states will have access to more complete, timely and accurate data that will improve our
ability to prioritize permitting, monitoring, and enforcement actions. Funding for this
effort in FY 2013 would allow the cost savings and cost avoidance to begin to accrue to
the EPA, states, and industry as a result of converting paper-based reporting to
electronic reporting.
The EPA's National Enforcement and Compliance Assurance program will see an
overall reduction of 45.0 FTE, a cut of 1.3 percent from FY 2012 FTE levels. The EPA
will prioritize resources to continue to address the most important public health and
environmental compliance problems, and will reduce efforts in a variety of program
areas based on objective factors such as relative risks to public health or the
environment, levels of non-compliance, states' ability to provide compliance oversight
and enforcement, and other factors such as statutory or treaty obligations. In times of
declining resources, it is critical not only to carefully assess the highest priorities but
also to develop strategies that can help achieve goals more efficiently and effectively.
The EPA is reducing by $1.3 million, funding associated with Potentially Responsible
Party (PRP) searches and settlement activity under the Superfund Enforcement
program. This reduction also would decrease funding provided to the Department of
Justice for Superfund settlement efforts. The request would also reduce compliance
assistance and clean up oversight activities at federal facilities under the Superfund
Federal Facilities Enforcement program.
Priority Goal
The EPA has established a FY 2012-2013 Priority Goal on electronic reporting. While
the enforcement program has a lead role in implementing this goal by co-chairing a
newly formed Agency task force, this is an Agency goal across EPA programs. This
Priority Goal will:
• Increase transparency and reduce burden through e-Reporting. By September
30, 2013, develop a plan to convert existing paper reports into electronic
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
reporting, establish electronic reporting in at least four key programs, and adopt a
policy for including electronic reporting in new rules.
Additional information on the Agency's Priority Goals can be found at
www.performance.gov.
FY 2013 Activities
The FY 2013 budget incorporates difficult decisions to reduce spending for lower priority
activities. Nevertheless, the Agency is committed to implementing a strong enforcement
and compliance program focused on identifying and reducing non-compliance and
deterring future violations. To meet these goals, the program employs a variety of
activities, including data collection and analysis, compliance monitoring, assistance and
incentives, civil and criminal enforcement efforts and innovative problem-solving
approaches to identify and address the most significant environmental issues. In FY
2013 these efforts will be enhanced through Next Generation Compliance approaches
that rely on 21st century reporting and monitoring tools to advance implementation of the
Administrator's priorities as well as the Agency's core program work. In FY 2013, the
Agency is requesting a total of $620.1 million and 3,324.6 FTE for its Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance program. The major activities include the following:
Focus Areas:
• Protecting Air Quality: The EPA will focus on the largest sources of air pollution,
including coal-fired power plants and the cement, acid and glass sectors, to improve
air quality. Enforcement to cut toxic air pollution in communities improves the health
of communities, particularly those overburdened by pollution.
The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 requires increased use
of renewable fuels. The EPA's Civil Enforcement program will help the regulated
community understand their statutory obligations under EISA; inspect renewable fuel
production facilities; monitor compliance with renewable fuel requirements; monitor
and enforce the credit trading program; and, undertake administrative and judicial
enforcement actions, as appropriate.
• Protecting America's Waters: Pursuant to the Clean Water Act Action Plan, the EPA
is working with states to revamp compliance and enforcement approaches to more
effectively and efficiently address the most important water pollution problems. This
work includes getting raw sewage out of water, cutting pollution from animal waste,
and reducing pollution from stormwater runoff. These efforts will help to clean up
great waters like the Chesapeake Bay and will focus on revitalizing urban
communities by protecting and restoring urban waters. Enforcement also will support
the goal of assuring clean drinking water for all communities, including small
systems and in Indian country.
• Cleaning Up Our Communities: The EPA protects communities by ensuring that
responsible parties conduct cleanups, saving federal dollars for sites where there
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
are no viable contributing parties. Ensuring that responsible parties clean up the
sites also reduces direct human exposure to hazardous pollutants and
contaminants, provides for long-term human health protection, and ultimately makes
contaminated properties available for reuse.
The EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Corrective Action
enforcement program supports the goal set by the Agency and its state partners of
attaining remedy construction at 95 percent of 3,747 RCRA facilities by the year
2020. In 2010, the EPA issued the "National Enforcement Strategy for Corrective
Action" to promote and communicate nationally consistent enforcement and
compliance assurance principles, practices, and tools to help achieve this goal. In
FY 2013, the EPA will continue targeted enforcement under the Strategy and will
work with its state partners to assess the contribution of enforcement in working
towards the 2020 goal.
• Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution: Strengthening chemical
safety enforcement and reducing exposure to pesticides will improve the health of
Americans. Enforcement reduces direct human exposures to toxic chemicals and
pesticides and supports long-term human health protection.
Compliance Monitoring
The EPA's Compliance Monitoring program reviews and evaluates the activities of the
regulated community to determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, permit
conditions and settlement agreements, as well as to determine whether conditions
presenting imminent and substantial endangerment exist. In FY 2013, the EPA's
compliance monitoring activities will be both environmental media- and sector-based.
The EPA's media-based inspections complement those performed by states and tribes,
and are a key part of the strategy for meeting the long-term and annual goals
established for the air, water, pesticides, toxic substances and hazardous waste
programs. The EPA will target its inspections to the highest priority areas and
coordinate inspection activity with states and tribes, but noncompliance may potentially
go undetected or increase. In FY 2013, as part of Next Generation Compliance, the
Agency will continue to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Compliance
Monitoring program by emphasizing electronic reporting (e-reporting), enhancing data
systems to collect, synthesize and disseminate monitoring data, and deploying state of
the art monitoring equipment to the field.
Compliance monitoring also includes the EPA's management and use of data systems
to run its compliance and enforcement programs under the various statutes and
programs that the EPA enforces. In FY 2013, the Agency will accelerate the process of
enhancing its data systems to support electronic reporting, providing more
comprehensive, accessible data to the public and improving integration of
environmental information with health data and other pertinent data sources from other
federal agencies and private entities. The Agency will complete Phase II of its multi-year
project to modernize the Permit Compliance System (PCS) by moving all of the
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
remaining states from PCS to the Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS).
The EPA will then focus its resources on the last Phase of ICIS, Phase III, to modernize
the Air Facility System (AFS). ICIS supports both compliance monitoring and civil
enforcement. In FY2013, the proposed Compliance Monitoring budget is $126.6 million
and 634.5 FTE.
Civil Enforcement
The Civil Enforcement program's overarching goal is to assure compliance with the
nation's environmental laws and regulations in order to protect human health and the
environment. The program collaborates with the Department of Justice, states, local
agencies and tribal governments to ensure consistent and fair enforcement of all
environmental laws and regulations. The program seeks to protect public health and the
environment and ensure a level playing field by strengthening partnerships with co-
implementers in the states, encouraging regulated entities to rapidly correct their own
violations, ensuring that violators do not realize an economic benefit from
noncompliance and pursuing enforcement to deter future violations. In FY 2013, the
Civil Enforcement program will benefit from the Next Generation Compliance initiative
by deploying state of the art monitoring equipment to the field and increasing the use of
e-reporting. The EPA and states will be able to target limited inspection and
enforcement resources in those areas where they are most needed such as complex
industrial operations requiring physical inspection, repeat violators, and cases involving
significant harm to human health or the environment, or potential criminal violations.
The Civil Enforcement program develops, litigates and settles administrative and civil
judicial cases against serious violators of environmental laws. In FY 2011, the EPA's
enforcement actions required companies to invest an estimated $19 billion in actions
and equipment to control pollution (injunctive relief) - a record amount. Also in FY 2011,
the EPA's enforcement actions required companies to reduce pollution by an estimated
1.8 billion pounds per year - the second highest amount since the EPA began
measuring pollutant reductions from enforcement cases using current methodologies. In
addition, the EPA's top 15 Clean Air Act enforcement actions of FY 2011 reduced
emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and VOCs, resulting in
projected health benefits and other environmental improvements valued at $15 to $36
billion each year.
In FY 2013, the EPA will focus on national priorities and repeat violators, especially in
communities that may be disproportionately exposed to risks and harm from pollutants
in their environment, including minority and/or low-income areas. Specifically, in FY
2013, the EPA will continue to target implementation of the National Enforcement
Initiatives established for FY 2011-2013. These national initiatives address problems
that remain complex and challenging, including Clean Water Act "wet weather"
discharges, violations of the Clean Air Act New Source Review/Prevention of Significant
Deterioration requirements and Air Toxics regulations, RCRA violations at mineral
processing facilities, and multi-media problems resulting from energy extraction
activities. Information on initiatives, regulatory requirements, enforcement alerts and
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
EPA results will be made available to the public and the regulated community through
web sites. The Civil Enforcement program also will support the Environmental Justice
program and the Administrator's priority to address pollution impacting vulnerable
populations. In addition, the Civil Enforcement program will help to implement the
President's directive to develop and implement a compliance and enforcement strategy
for the Chesapeake Bay, providing strong oversight to ensure existing regulations are
complied with consistently and in a timely manner. In FY 2013, the proposed budget for
Civil Enforcement is $192.7 million and 1,205.7 FTE.
Criminal Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement underlies the EPA's commitment to pursuing the most serious
pollution violations. The EPA's Criminal Enforcement program investigates and helps
prosecute environmental violations that seriously threaten public health and the
environment and involve intentional, deliberate or criminal behavior on the part of the
violator. The Criminal Enforcement program deters violations of environmental laws and
regulations by demonstrating that the regulated community will be held accountable
through jail sentences and criminal fines. Bringing criminal cases to court sends a
strong deterrence message to potential violators, enhances aggregate compliance with
laws and regulations, and protects communities.
The program has completed its three-year hiring strategy, raising the number of special
agents to 200. To make the best use of resources, the program will work to reduce case
work in lower priority areas and use the special agent capacity to address complex
environmental cases in FY 2013. To accomplish this, the Criminal Enforcement program
will expand its identification and investigation of cases with significant environmental,
human health and deterrence impact. The EPA's Criminal Enforcement program will
focus on cases across all media that involve serious harm or injury; hazardous or toxic
releases; ongoing, repetitive, or multiple releases; serious documented exposure to
pollutants; and violators with significant repeat or chronic noncompliance or prior
criminal conviction. In FY 2013, the proposed budget for Criminal Enforcement is $59.6
million and 298.2 FTE.
Superfund Enforcement
The EPA's Superfund Enforcement program protects communities by ensuring that
responsible parties conduct cleanups of hazardous waste sites, preserving federal
dollars for sites where there are no viable contributing parties. Superfund Enforcement
uses an "enforcement first" approach that maximizes the participation of liable and
viable parties in performing and paying for cleanups in both the remedial and removal
programs; however, due to the fiscally constrained environment, the EPA will reduce
resources that support program activities, including PRP searches, cleanup settlements,
and cost recovery. Similarly, cuts in Superfund Federal Facilities enforcement will place
greater focus on federal agencies actively managing their own cleanup efforts. The
Agency will continually assess its priorities and embrace new approaches that can help
achieve its goals more efficiently and effectively.
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
Enforcement authorities play a unique role under the Superfund program. The
authorities are used to ensure that responsible parties conduct a majority of the cleanup
actions and reimburse the federal government for cleanups financed by Federal
resources. In tandem with this approach, various reforms have been implemented to
increase fairness, reduce transaction costs, promote economic development and make
sites available for appropriate reuse.3 Ensuring that responsible parties cleanup sites
ultimately reduces direct human exposures to hazardous pollutants and contaminants,
provides for long-term human health protections and makes contaminated properties
available for reuse.
The Department of Justice supports the EPA's Superfund Enforcement program
through negotiations and judicial actions to compel PRP cleanup and litigation to
recover Trust Fund monies. The Agency is providing $23.7 million to the Department of
Justice through an Interagency Agreement. In FY 2011, the Superfund Enforcement
program secured private party commitments that exceeded $3.3 billion. Of this amount,
PRPs have committed to future response work with an estimated value of approximately
$3 billion; PRPs have agreed to reimburse the agency for $298.6 million in past costs;
and PRPs have been billed by the EPA for approximately $74 million in oversight costs.
The EPA also works to ensure that required legally enforceable institutional controls and
financial assurance instruments are in place and adhered to at Superfund sites and at
facilities subject to RCRA Corrective Action to ensure the long-term protectiveness of
cleanup actions.
The Forensics Support program provides specialized scientific and technical support for
the nation's most complex Superfund civil and criminal enforcement cases, as well as
technical expertise for Agency compliance efforts. In FY 2013, the National
Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) will continue to function under rigorous
International Standards Organization 17025 requirements for environmental data
measurements to maintain its accreditation. Due to reduced funding and the need to
direct resources to the Agency's highest priorities, the Agency is reducing funding for
the forensics laboratory at the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC). This
decrease would reduce NEIC's support for civil enforcement cases under CERCLA
authorities and their ability to support complex enforcement cases, and criminal
investigations.
Partnering with States, Tribes and Communities
The EPA shares accountability for environmental and human health protection with
states and tribes. Most states are authorized or have been delegated the legal
responsibility for implementing the major federal environmental protection programs,
including the compliance and enforcement responsibilities. The Agency works together
with the states to target the most important pollution violations and ensure that
companies that meet their obligations and are responsible neighbors are not put at a
3 For more information regarding the EPA's enforcement program and its various components, please refer to
http://www.epa.gov/compliance/cleanup/superfund/
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Goal 5: Enforcing Environmental Laws
competitive disadvantage. The EPA also has a responsibility to oversee state and tribal
implementation of federal laws to provide that the same level of protection for the
environment and the public applies across the country. In FY 2013, the Agency is
requesting $24.3 million for enforcement and compliance categorical grants.
The EPA's enforcement and compliance program promotes environmental justice by
targeting pollution problems that disproportionately affect low income, minority, and/or
tribal communities. Compliance with environmental laws is particularly important in
communities that are exposed to greater environmental health risks. The EPA also
fosters community involvement by making information about compliance and
government action available to the public. The Agency also strives to provide increased
transparency; by making information on violations both available and understandable to
communities, the EPA empowers citizens to demand, and motivates regulated facilities
to provide, better compliance with environmental laws.
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Appendices
78
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Resources by Appropriation
Summary of Agency Resources by Appropriation
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation Account
Science & Technology (S&T) 1
Environmental Programs & Management (EPM)
Inspector General (IG) 1
Buildings & Facilities (B&F)
Inland Oil Spill Programs (OIL)
Superfund (SF)
- Superfund Programs
- Inspector General Transfer
- Science & Technology Transfer
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
State & Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Rescission or Cancellation of Prior Year Funds
Agency Total:
FY2011
Enacted
$813,480
$2,756,470
$44,701
$36,428
$18,342
$1,280,908
$1,244,173
$9,955
$26,780
$112,875
$3,758,913
($140,000)
$8,682,117
FY2012
Enacted
$793,728
$2,678,222
$41,933
$36,370
$18,245
$1,213,808
$1,180,890
$9,939
$22,979
$104,142
$3,612,937
($50,000)
$8,449,385
FY2013
President's
Budget
$807,257
$2,817,179
$48,273
$41 ,969
$23,531
$1,176,431
$1,142,342
$10,864
$23,225
$104,117
$3,355,723
($30,000)
$8,344,480
Change
FY 12 EN to
FY13PB
$13,529
$138,957
$6,340
$5,599
$5,286
($37,377)
(#38,548;
$925
$246
($25)
($257,214)
$20,000
($104,905)
Does not include Superfund transfers—see the Superfund line items below for annual amounts.
79
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80
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Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Science & Technology
Clean Air and Climate
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Climate Protection Program
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program
Federal Vehicle and Fuels Standards and Certification
Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate
Indoor Air and Radiation
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Radiation: Protection
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
Enforcement
Forensics Support
FY2011
Actuals
$9,934.0
$18,487.9
$11,054.0
$2,540.1
$100,691.6
$142,707.6
$446.1
$809.8
$2,275.4
$4,181.9
$7,713.2
$16,354.3
FY2012
Enacted
$9,082.0
$16,319.0
$7,091 .0
$0.0
$91 ,886.0
$124,378.0
$210.0
$370.0
$2,094.0
$4,076.0
$6,750.0
$15,269.0
FY2013 Change FY12
President's Enacted to
Budget FY13 PresBud
$9,797.0
$7,760.0
$7,622.0
$0.0
$101,929.0
$127,108.0
$0.0
$379.0
$2,126.0
$4,156.0
$6,661.0
$15,593.0
$715.0
($8,559.0)
$531 .0
$0.0
$10,043.0
$2,730.0
($210.0)
$9.0
$32.0
$80.0
($89.0)
$324.0
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Water Security Initiative
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
(other activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure
Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Decontamination
Laboratory Preparedness and Response
Safe Building
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery (other activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response,
and Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
$12,097.2
$6,401.5
$18,498.7
$23,537.6
$100.1
$791.5
$17,107.6
$41,536.8
$592.0
$60,627.5
$2,755.0
$11,361.0
$17,356.0
$0.0
$0.0
$12,678.0
$30,034.0
$578.0
$41,973.0
$7,023.0
$2,756.0
$9,779.0
$17,185.0
$0.0
$0.0
$12,523.0
$29,708.0
$579.0
$40,066.0
($1,583.0)
$1.0
($1,582.0)
($171.0)
$0.0
$0.0
($155.0)
($326.0)
$1.0
($1,907.0)
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Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
FY2011
Actuals
FY2012
Enacted
FY2013
President's
Budget
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
IT / Data Management / Security
IT / Data Management
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Rent
Utilities
Security
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations (other
activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Pesticides Licensing
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
$3,483.7
$3,652.0
$4,047.0
$395.0
$30,251.9
$20,159.3
$9,300.6
$9,724.3
$69,436.1
$69,436.1
$4,118.8
$1 ,995.2
$522.8
$6,636.8
$35,605.0
$20,162.0
$10,696.0
$5,556.0
$72,019.0
$72,019.0
$3,757.0
$2,289.0
$517.0
$6,563.0
$34,899.0
$20,202.0
$11,066.0
$9,318.0
$75,485.0
$75,485.0
$3,919.0
$2,604.0
$575.0
$7,098.0
($706.0)
$40.0
$370.0
$3,762.0
$3,466.0
$3,466.0
$162.0
$315.0
$58.0
$535.0
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Global Change
Clean Air
Research: Air, Climate and Energy (other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Air, Climate and Energy
Subtotal, Research: Air, Climate and Energy
$19,416.9
$91,122.7
$9,216.4
$119,756.0
$119,756.0
$18,276.0
$78,526.0
$2,043.0
$98,845.0
$98,845.0
$20,281.0
$82,853.0
$2,760.0
$105,894.0
$105,894.0
$2,005.0
$4,327.0
$717.0
$7,049.0
$7,049.0
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Drinking Water
Water Quality
Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
(other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
Subtotal, Research: Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
$50,885.3
$66,573.0
$0.0
$117,458.3
$117,458.3
$50,152.0
$63,274.0
$50.0
$113,476.0
$113,476.0
$51 ,606.0
$69,532.0
$52.0
$121,190.0
$121,190.0
$1,454.0
$6,258.0
$2.0
$7,714.0
$7,714.0
82
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Human Health
Ecosystems
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
(other activities)
Subtotal, Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Subtotal, Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Human Health Risk Assessment
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Endocrine Disrupters
Computational Toxicology
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability (other
activities)
Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Subtotal, Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Water: Human Health Protection
Drinking Water Programs
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Water Quality Research and Support Grants
Subtotal, Congressional Priorities
Total, Science & Technology
Environmental Program & Management
Clean Air and Climate
Clean Air Allowance Trading Programs
Climate Protection Program
Energy STAR
Methane to markets
FY2011
Actuals
$52,904.5
$68,740.8
$70,790.8
$192,436.1
$192,436.1
$46,140.1
$10,708.8
$22,412.4
$52,092.4
$85,213.6
$131,353.7
$3,724.2
$5,582.0
$0.0
$5,582.0
$877,269.5
$20,877.3
$52,306.0
$4,863.0
FY2012
Enacted
$45,318.0
$60,806.0
$64,617.0
$170,741.0
$170,741.0
$39,553.0
$16,861.0
$21,177.0
$53,697.0
$91 ,735.0
$131,288.0
$3,782.0
$0.0
$4,992.0
$4,992.0
$793,728.0
$20,811.0
$49,668.0
$5,013.0
FY2013 Change FY12
President's Enacted to
Budget FY13 PresBud
$44,500.0
$60,180.0
$61 ,050.0
$165,730.0
$165,730.0
$40,505.0
$16,253.0
$21 ,267.0
$56,721.0
$94,241.0
$134,746.0
$3,639.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$807,257.0
$20,888.0
$53,872.0
$4,927.0
($818.0)
($626.0)
($3,567.0)
($5,011.0)
($5,011.0)
$952.0
($608.0)
$90.0
$3,024.0
$2,506.0
$3,458.0
($143.0)
$0.0
($4,992.0)
($4,992.0)
$13,529.0
$77.0
$4,204.0
($86.0)
83
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Greenhouse Gas Reporting Registry
Climate Protection Program (other activities)
Subtotal, Climate Protection Program
Federal Stationary Source Regulations
Federal Support for Air Quality Management
Federal Support for Air Toxics Program
Stratospheric Ozone: Domestic Programs
Stratospheric Ozone: Multilateral Fund
Subtotal, Clean Air and Climate
Indoor Air and Radiation
Indoor Air: Radon Program
Reduce Risks from Indoor Air
Radiation: Protection
Radiation: Response Preparedness
Subtotal, Indoor Air and Radiation
Brownfields
Brownfields
Compliance
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Compliance Incentives
Compliance Monitoring
Subtotal, Compliance
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Enforcement Training
Environmental Justice
NEPA Implementation
Subtotal, Enforcement
FY2011
Actuals
$18,357.6
$40,808.6
$116,335.2
$31 ,296.0
$106,081.2
$24,005.5
$5,157.6
$9,690.0
$313,442.8
$5,318.5
$21 ,503.0
$11,156.0
$3,439.8
$41,417.3
$24,443.8
$671.8
$667.3
$109,266.9
$110,606.0
$179,391.2
$51 ,623.3
$410.3
$8,407.0
$17,105.0
$256,936.8
FY2012
Enacted
$15,757.0
$29,043.0
$99,481.0
$27,298.0
$123,469.0
$0.0
$5,570.0
$9,479.0
$286,108.0
$3,895.0
$17,168.0
$9,616.0
$3,038.0
$33,717.0
$23,642.0
$0.0
$0.0
$106,707.0
$106,707.0
$177,290.0
$48,123.0
$0.0
$6,848.0
$17,298.0
$249,559.0
FY2013 Change FY12
President's Enacted to
Budget FY13 PresBud
$18,694.0
$30,498.0
$107,991.0
$34,142.0
$134,841.0
$0.0
$5,643.0
$9,690.0
$313,195.0
$2,198.0
$17,393.0
$9,760.0
$3,083.0
$32,434.0
$25,685.0
$0.0
$0.0
$125,209.0
$125,209.0
$188,957.0
$51 ,900.0
$0.0
$7,161.0
$17,424.0
$265,442.0
$2,937.0
$1,455.0
$8,510.0
$6,844.0
$11,372.0
$0.0
$73.0
$211.0
$27,087.0
($1,697.0)
$225.0
$144.0
$45.0
($1,283.0)
$2,043.0
$0.0
$0.0
$18,502.0
$18,502.0
$11,667.0
$3,777.0
$0.0
$313.0
$126.0
$15,883.0
84
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Geographic Programs
Great Lakes Restoration
Geographic Program: Chesapeake Bay
Geographic Program: San Francisco Bay
Geographic Program: Puget Sound
Geographic Program: South Florida
Geographic Program: Long Island Sound
Geographic Program: Gulf of Mexico
Geographic Program: Lake Champlain
Geographic Program: Other
Northwest Forest
Lake Pontchartrain
Community Action fora Renewed Environment
(CARE)
Geographic Program: Other (other activities)
Subtotal, Geographic Program: Other
Subtotal, Geographic Programs
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Communication and Information
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Decontamination
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery (other activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response,
and Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
Information Exchange / Outreach
Children and Other Sensitive Populations: Agency
Coordination
Environmental Education
Congressional, Intergovernmental, External Relations
FY2011
Actuals
$329,215.5
$42,414.3
$4,357.2
$38,113.8
$1 ,643.8
$6,154.3
$4,881 .6
$6,732.1
$1 ,246.8
$2,598.0
$2,697.5
$33,965.0
$40,507.3
$474,019.9
$4,215.9
$2,411.5
$791.5
$481.3
$1 ,272.8
$6,497.0
$14,397.2
$8,790.8
$6,962.2
$53,544.3
FY2012
Enacted
$299,520.0
$57,299.0
$5,838.0
$29,952.0
$2,058.0
$3,956.0
$5,455.0
$2,395.0
$1 ,294.0
$1 ,952.0
$0.0
$0.0
$3,246.0
$409,719.0
$4,249.0
$1 ,063.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$5,966.0
$11,278.0
$7,481 .0
$9,699.0
$47,638.0
FY2013
President's
Budget
$300,000.0
$72,618.0
$4,857.0
$19,289.0
$1 ,700.0
$2,962.0
$4,436.0
$1 ,399.0
$1,417.0
$955.0
$2,069.0
$0.0
$4,441 .0
$411,702.0
$4,217.0
$2,087.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$5,999.0
$12,303.0
$10,923.0
$0.0
$52,896.0
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
$480.0
$15,319.0
($981.0)
($10,663.0)
($358.0)
($994.0)
($1,019.0)
($996.0)
$123.0
($997.0)
$2,069.0
$0.0
$1,195.0
$1,983.0
($32.0)
$1,024.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$33.0
$1,025.0
$3,442.0
($9,699.0)
$5,258.0
85
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Exchange Network
Small Business Ombudsman
Small Minority Business Assistance
State and Local Prevention and Preparedness
TRI / Right to Know
Tribal - Capacity Building
Subtotal, Information Exchange / Outreach
International Programs
US Mexico Border
International Sources of Pollution
Trade and Governance
Subtotal, International Programs
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Administrative Law
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Civil Rights /Title VI Compliance
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Legal Advice: Support Program
Regional Science and Technology
Integrated Environmental Strategies
Regulatory/Economic-Management and Analysis
Science Advisory Board
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Rent
Utilities
FY2011
Actuals
$17,816.6
$3,106.9
$2,277.5
$13,063.2
$16,634.5
$13,892.7
$136,088.7
$4,872.0
$8,731 .0
$6,230.1
$19,833.1
$7,831 .2
$96,614.1
$104,445.3
$5,260.3
$1 ,271 .2
$11,740.4
$42,286.6
$15,692.6
$3,178.6
$17,908.7
$20,329.8
$6,074.9
$123,743.1
$161,589.3
$12,566.5
FY2012
Enacted
$17,724.0
$2,693.0
$2,079.0
$13,320.0
$16,322.0
$13,736.0
$130,692.0
$4,313.0
$7,659.0
$5,632.0
$17,604.0
$6,786.0
$87,939.0
$94,725.0
$5,198.0
$1,194.0
$11,618.0
$40,746.0
$14,260.0
$2,591 .0
$14,754.0
$15,256.0
$5,135.0
$110,752.0
$170,529.0
$11,205.0
FY2013 Change FY12
President's Enacted to
Budget FY13 PresBud
$23,008.0
$3,018.0
$2,291 .0
$14,852.0
$17,354.0
$15,062.0
$139,404.0
$4,490.0
$8,466.0
$6,178.0
$19,134.0
$6,868.0
$88,893.0
$95,761.0
$5,392.0
$1 ,477.0
$13,974.0
$45,840.0
$16,064.0
$3,307.0
$16,326.0
$23,345.0
$6,727.0
$132,452.0
$171,152.0
$10,660.0
$5,284.0
$325.0
$212.0
$1,532.0
$1,032.0
$1,326.0
$8,712.0
$177.0
$807.0
$546.0
$1,530.0
$82.0
$954.0
$1,036.0
$194.0
$283.0
$2,356.0
$5,094.0
$1,804.0
$716.0
$1,572.0
$8,089.0
$1,592.0
$21,700.0
$623.0
($545.0)
86
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Security
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations (other
activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Acquisition Management
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
Human Resources Management
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Pesticides Licensing
Pesticides: Protect Human Health from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Protect the Environment from Pesticide Risk
Pesticides: Realize the Value of Pesticide Availability
Science Policy and Biotechnology
Subtotal, Pesticides Licensing
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA: Waste Management
eManifest
RCRA: Waste Management (other activities)
Subtotal, RCRA: Waste Management
RCRA: Corrective Action
RCRA: Waste Minimization & Recycling
Subtotal, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
Endocrine Disrupters
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Review and Reduction
Pollution Prevention Program
Toxic Substances: Chemical Risk Management
Toxic Substances: Lead Risk Reduction Program
Subtotal, Toxics Risk Review and Prevention
FY2011
Actuals
$27,991.8
$118,392.6
$320,540.2
$85,541.1
$30,688.2
$26,770.6
$46,839.9
$510,380.0
$61 ,686.0
$41 ,265.6
$13,065.8
$1 ,672.9
$117,690.3
$0.0
$67,520.1
$67,520.1
$37,156.3
$12,589.6
$117,266.0
$9,624.6
$59,752.2
$15,994.6
$6,868.6
$14,140.9
$106,380.9
FY2012
Enacted
$29,216.0
$108,827.0
$319,777.0
$72,290.0
$33,175.0
$24,002.0
$37,839.0
$487,083.0
$58,208.0
$37,854.0
$12,532.0
$1 ,754.0
$110,348.0
$0.0
$63,500.0
$63,500.0
$39,422.0
$9,547.0
$112,469.0
$8,255.0
$56,497.0
$15,389.0
$6,032.0
$13,798.0
$99,971.0
FY2013 Change FY12
President's Enacted to
Budget FY13 PresBud
$31 ,486.0
$118,018.0
$331,316.0
$78,817.0
$35,727.0
$25,910.0
$39,428.0
$511,198.0
$58,971.0
$37,960.0
$12,306.0
$1 ,770.0
$111,007.0
$2,000.0
$65,385.0
$67,385.0
$40,265.0
$9,648.0
$117,298.0
$7,238.0
$67,644.0
$15,888.0
$3,739.0
$14,698.0
$109,207.0
$2,270.0
$9,191.0
$11,539.0
$6,527.0
$2,552.0
$1,908.0
$1,589.0
$24,115.0
$763.0
$106.0
($226.0)
$16.0
$659.0
$2,000.0
$1,885.0
$3,885.0
$843.0
$101.0
$4,829.0
($1,017.0)
$11,147.0
$499.0
($2,293.0)
$900.0
$9,236.0
87
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST / UST
Water: Ecosystems
National Estuary Program / Coastal Waterways
Wetlands
Subtotal, Water: Ecosystems
Water: Human Health Protection
Beach / Fish Programs
Drinking Water Programs
Subtotal, Water: Human Health Protection
Water Quality Protection
Marine Pollution
Surface Water Protection
Subtotal, Water Quality Protection
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
Water Quality Research and Support Grants
Subtotal, Congressional Priorities
Total, Environmental Program & Management
Inspector General
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Total, Inspector General
Building and Facilities
Homeland Security
FY2011
Actuals
$11,622.7
$31 ,528.9
$28,297.6
$59,826.5
$2,896.2
$104,689.8
$107,586.0
$15,570.5
$217,119.1
$232,689.6
$750.0
$0.0
$750.0
$2,883,566.0
$46,627.9
$46,627.9
FY2012
Enacted
$12,846.0
$27,014.0
$21,160.0
$48,174.0
$2,552.0
$98,547.0
$101,099.0
$12,898.0
$203,856.0
$216,754.0
$0.0
$14,975.0
$14,975.0
$2,678,222.0
$41 ,933.0
$41,933.0
FY2013
President's
Budget
$12,283.0
$27,304.0
$27,685.0
$54,989.0
$702.0
$104,613.0
$105,315.0
$11,587.0
$211,574.0
$223,161.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$2,817,179.0
$48,273.0
$48,273.0
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
($563.0)
$290.0
$6,525.0
$6,815.0
($1,850.0)
$6,066.0
$4,216.0
($1,311.0)
$7,718.0
$6,407.0
$0.0
($14,975.0)
($14,975.0)
$138,957.0
$6,340.0
$6,340.0
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
$7,044.0
$8,038.0
$994.0
88
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
FY2011
Actuals
FY2012
Enacted
FY2013
President's
Budget
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
$30,254.7
$29,326.0
$33,931.0
$4,605.0
Total, Building and Facilities
$38,523.8
$36,370.0
$41,969.0
$5,599.0
Hazardous Substance Superfund
Indoor Air and Radiation
Radiation: Protection
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Audits, Evaluations, and Investigations
Compliance
Compliance Incentives
Compliance Monitoring
Subtotal, Compliance
Enforcement
Environmental Justice
Superfund: Enforcement
Superfund: Federal Facilities Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Enforcement Training
Forensics Support
Subtotal, Enforcement
Homeland Security
Homeland Security: Critical Infrastructure Protection
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Decontamination
Laboratory Preparedness and Response
Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response, and
Recovery (other activities)
Subtotal, Homeland Security: Preparedness, Response,
and Recovery
Homeland Security: Protection of EPA Personnel and
Infrastructure
Subtotal, Homeland Security
$2,478.4
$8,943.7
$199,891.3
$9.1
$6,557.0
$5,710.4
$32,036.8
$44,304.2
$669.1
$44,982.4
$2,468.0
$9,939.0
$186,735.0
$0.0
$5,626.0
$29,075.0
$40,599.0
$1,170.0
$41,769.0
$2,637.0
$10,864.0
$5.6
$1,192.5
$1,198.1
$1,128.7
$179,163.7
$9,271 .8
$4.4
$7,845.9
$20.6
$2,456.2
$0.0
$1 ,221 .0
$1,221.0
$583.0
$165,534.0
$10,296.0
$0.0
$7,903.0
$0.0
$2,419.0
$0.0
$1 ,223.0
$1,223.0
$613.0
$166,309.0
$8,592.0
$0.0
$7,680.0
$0.0
$1,214.0
$184,408.0
$0.0
$5,644.0
$29,257.0
$40,769.0
$1,172.0
$41,941.0
$169.0
$925.0
$0.0
$2.0
$2.0
$30.0
$775.0
($1,704.0)
$0.0
($223.0)
$0.0
($1,205.0)
($2,327.0)
$0.0
($30.0)
$18.0
$182.0
$170.0
$2.0
$172.0
89
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Information Exchange / Outreach
Congressional, Intergovernmental, External Relations
Exchange Network
Subtotal, Information Exchange / Outreach
IT / Data Management / Security
Information Security
IT / Data Management
Subtotal, IT / Data Management / Security
Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Legal Advice: Environmental Program
Subtotal, Legal / Science / Regulatory / Economic Review
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Rent
Utilities
Security
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations (other
activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Financial Assistance Grants / IAG Management
Acquisition Management
Human Resources Management
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
FY2011
Actuals
$2.1
$1 ,431 .0
$1,433.1
$847.2
$17,640.0
$18,487.2
$814.9
$711.9
$1,526.8
$43,776.9
$3,320.8
$7,034.5
$25,924.0
$80,056.2
$3,322.3
$23,672.0
$8,924.4
$30,349.3
$146,324.2
FY2012
Enacted
$0.0
$1 ,431 .0
$1,431.0
$728.0
$15,339.0
$16,067.0
$844.0
$682.0
$1,526.0
$47,032.0
$3,760.0
$8,269.0
$21 ,480.0
$80,541.0
$3,128.0
$24,111.0
$6,346.0
$21 ,632.0
$135,758.0
FY2013 Change FY12
President's Enacted to
Budget FY13 PresBud
$0.0
$1 ,433.0
$1,433.0
$728.0
$14,855.0
$15,583.0
$877.0
$755.0
$1,632.0
$46,005.0
$3,455.0
$8,594.0
$21 ,568.0
$79,622.0
$3,174.0
$25,961.0
$7,558.0
$24,066.0
$140,381.0
$0.0
$2.0
$2.0
$0.0
($484.0)
($484.0)
$33.0
$73.0
$106.0
($1,027.0)
($305.0)
$325.0
$88.0
($919.0)
$46.0
$1,850.0
$1,212.0
$2,434.0
$4,623.0
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
Research: Chemical Safety and Sustainability
Human Health Risk Assessment
$21,347.9
$3,737.6
$17,677.0
$3,337.0
$17,798.0
$3,316.0
($21.0)
90
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Superfund Cleanup
Superfund: Emergency Response and Removal
Superfund: EPA Emergency Preparedness
Superfund: Federal Facilities
Superfund: Remedial
Superfund: Support to Other Federal Agencies
Brownfields Projects
Subtotal, Superfund Cleanup
Total, Hazardous Substance Superfund
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
FY2011
Actuals
$242,375.9
$10,473.9
$32,555.5
$707,200.8
$5,908.0
$1 ,403.5
$999,917.6
$1,450,268.3
$644.0
FY2012
Enacted
$189,590.0
$9,244.0
$26,199.0
$564,998.0
$5,849.0
$0.0
$795,880.0
$1,213,808.0
$789.0
FY2013
President's
Budget
$188,500.0
$8,179.0
$26,765.0
$531 ,771 .0
$0.0
$0.0
$755,215.0
$1,176,431.0
$792.0
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
($1,090.0)
($1,065.0)
$566.0
($33,227.0)
($5,849.0)
$0.0
($40,665.0)
($37,377.0)
$3.0
Compliance
Compliance Assistance and Centers
IT / Data Management / Security
IT / Data Management
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Rent
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations (other
activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Acquisition Management
Central Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
LUST / UST
LUST Cooperative Agreements
LUST Prevention
Subtotal, Underground Storage Tanks (LUST / UST)
$32.9
$47.7
$695.0
$0.0
$0.0
$695.0
$0.0
$0.0
$636.0
$0.0
$0.0
($59.0)
$208.0
$903.0
$148.2
$1 ,093.7
$2,144.9
$13,926.8
$64,459.5
$37,093.9
$115,480.2
$220.0
$915.0
$163.0
$512.0
$1,590.0
$11,962.0
$58,956.0
$30,449.0
$101,367.0
$207.0
$843.0
$161.0
$509.0
$1,513.0
$11,490.0
$57,402.0
$32,430.0
$101,322.0
($13.0)
($72.0)
($2.0)
($3.0)
($77.0)
($472.0)
($1,554.0)
$1,981.0
($45.0)
91
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
FY2011
Actuals
$501.6
FY2012
Enacted
$396.0
FY2013
President's
Budget
$490.0
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
$94.0
Total, Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
$118,851.3
$104,142.0
$104,117.0
($25.0)
Oil Spill Response
Compliance
Compliance Assistance and Centers
Compliance Monitoring
Subtotal, Compliance
$5.4
$111.2
$116.6
$0.0
$138.0
$138.0
$0.0
$142.0
$142.0
$0.0
$4.0
$4.0
Enforcement
Civil Enforcement
Oil
Oil Spill: Prevention, Preparedness and Response
Operations and Administration
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Rent
Facilities Infrastructure and Operations (other
activities)
Subtotal, Facilities Infrastructure and Operations
Subtotal, Operations and Administration
$2,209.6
$15,630.7
$437.0
$82.5
$519.5
$519.5
$2,286.0
$14,673.0
$437.0
$535.0
$535.0
$2,968.0
$19,290.0
$426.0
$87.0
$513.0
$513.0
$4,617.0
($11.0)
($11.0)
($22.0)
($22.0)
Research: Sustainable Communities
Research: Sustainable and Healthy Communities
1,204.3
$613.0
$618.0
$5.0
Total, Oil Spill Response
$19,680.7
$18,245.0
$23,531.0
$5,286.0
State and Tribal Assistance Grants
State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Infrastructure Assistance: Clean Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Drinking Water SRF
Infrastructure Assistance: Alaska Native Villages
$1 ,936,433.5
$1,101,827.8
$10,327.2
$1 ,466,456.0
$917,892.0
$9,984.0
$1,175,000.0
$850,000.0
$10,000.0
($291,456.0)
($67,892.0)
$16.0
92
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
Brownfields Projects
Clean School Bus Initiative
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant Program
Targeted Airshed Grants
Infrastructure Assistance: Mexico Border
Subtotal, State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG)
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grant: Beaches Protection
Categorical Grant: Brownfields
Categorical Grant: Environmental Information
Categorical Grant: Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
Categorical Grant: Homeland Security
Categorical Grant: Lead
Categorical Grant: Local Govt Climate Change
Categorical Grant: Nonpoint Source (Sec. 319)
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Enforcement
Categorical Grant: Pesticides Program Implementation
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Monitoring Grants
Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
(other activities)
Subtotal, Categorical Grant: Pollution Control (Sec. 106)
Categorical Grant: Pollution Prevention
Categorical Grant: Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
Categorical Grant: Radon
Categorical Grant: State and Local Air Quality Management
Categorical Grant: Sector Program
Categorical Grant: Targeted Watersheds
Categorical Grant: Toxics Substances Compliance
Categorical Grant: Tribal Air Quality Management
Categorical Grant: Tribal General Assistance Program
Categorical Grant: Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Categorical Grant: Underground Storage Tanks
Categorical Grant: Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Categorical Grant: Wetlands Program Development
Subtotal, Categorical Grants
FY2011
Actuals
$106,685.8
$35.2
$53,586.9
$10,000.0
$14,669.1
$3,233,565.5
$11,001.3
$51,185.5
$9,950.4
$111,206.3
$637.1
$15,599.4
$10,499.5
$201,615.8
$19,930.9
$13,807.8
$15,402.5
$237,114.3
$252,516.8
$5,685.0
$109,387.1
$8,720.0
$249,061 .4
$1 ,879.2
$780.3
$5,551 .7
$14,365.8
$69,331.2
$11,844.3
$2,759.8
$1 ,335.5
$26,138.1
$1,204,790.2
FY2012
Enacted
$94,848.0
$0.0
$29,952.0
$0.0
$4,992.0
$2,524,124.0
$9,864.0
$49,317.0
$9,964.0
$102,974.0
$0.0
$14,512.0
$0.0
$164,493.0
$18,644.0
$13,119.0
$18,433.0
$219,970.0
$238,403.0
$4,922.0
$105,320.0
$8,045.0
$235,729.0
$0.0
$0.0
$5,081 .0
$13,252.0
$67,631.0
$10,852.0
$1 ,548.0
$0.0
$15,143.0
$1,088,813.0
FY2013
President's
Budget
$93,291.0
$0.0
$15,000.0
$0.0
$10,000.0
$2,153,291.0
$0.0
$47,572.0
$15,200.0
$103,412.0
$0.0
$14,855.0
$0.0
$164,757.0
$19,085.0
$13,140.0
$18,500.0
$246,764.0
$265,264.0
$5,039.0
$109,700.0
$0.0
$301 ,500.0
$0.0
$0.0
$5,201 .0
$13,566.0
$96,375.0
$11,109.0
$1 ,490.0
$0.0
$15,167.0
$1,202,432.0
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
($1,557.0)
$0.0
($14,952.0)
$0.0
$5,008.0
($370,833.0)
($9,864.0)
($1,745.0)
$5,236.0
$438.0
$0.0
$343.0
$0.0
$264.0
$441 .0
$21.0
$67.0
$26,794.0
$26,861 .0
$117.0
$4,380.0
($8,045.0)
$65,771 .0
$0.0
$0.0
$120.0
$314.0
$28,744.0
$257.0
($58.0)
$0.0
$24.0
$113,619.0
93
-------
Program/Projects by Program Area
Program/Projects by Program Area
(Dollars in Thousands)
Appropriation
Program Area
Program/Project
Sub-Program/ Project
FY2011
Actuals
FY2012
Enacted
FY2013
President's
Budget
Change FY12
Enacted to
FY13 PresBud
Congressional Priorities
Congressionally Mandated Projects
$117,641.1
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
Total, State and Tribal Assistance Grants
$4,555,997.5
$3,612,937.0
$3,355,723.0
($257,214.0)
SUBTOTAL, EPA (Excludes Rescission or Cancellation of Prior
Year Funds)
$9,990,785.0
$8,499,385.0
$8,374,480.0
($124,905.0)
Rescission of Prior Year Funds
$0.0
($50,000.0)
($30,000.0)
$20,000.0
TOTAL, EPA
$9,990,785.0
$8,449,385.0 $8,344,480.0
($104,905.0)
94
-------
Categorical Grants
Categorical Program Grants (STAG)
by National Program and State Grant
(Dollars in Thousands)
NPM/ Grant
Air & Radiation
State and Local Assistance
Tribal Air Quality Management
Radon
Local Government Climate Change
Water
Pollution Control (Section 106)
Beaches Protection
Nonpoint Source (Section 319)
Wetlands Program Development
Targeted Watersheds
Water Quality Cooperative Agreements
Drinking Water
Public Water System Supervision (PWSS)
Underground Injection Control (UIC)
Homeland Security
Hazardous Waste
H.W. Financial Assistance
Brownfields
Underground Storage Tanks
Pesticides & Toxics
Pesticides Program Implementation
Lead
Toxic Substances Compliance
Pesticides Enforcement
Multimedia
Environmental Information
Pollution Prevention
Sector Program (Enf & Comp Assurance)
Tribal General Assistance Program
Total Categorical Grants
FY2011
Actuals*
$249,061
$14,366
$8,720
$10,500
$282,647
$252,517
$11,001
$201,616
$26,138
$780
$1 ,336
$493,388
$109,387
$1 1 ,844
$637
$121,869
$111,206
$51,186
$2,760
$165,152
$13,808
$15,599
$5,552
$19,931
$54,890
$9,950
$5,685
$1 ,879
$69,331
$86,846
$1,204,790
FY2012
Enacted
$235,729
$13,252
$8,045
$0
$257,026
$238,403
$9,864
$164,493
$15,143
$0
$0
$427,903
$105,320
$10,852
$0
$116,172
$102,974
$49,317
$1 ,548
$153,839
$13,119
$14,512
$5,081
$18,644
$51,356
$9,964
$4,922
$0
$67,631
$82,517
$1,088,813
FY2013
PresBud
$301 ,500
$13,566
$0
$0
$315,066
$265,264
$0
$164,757
$15,167
$0
$0
$445,188
$109,700
$11,109
$0
$120,809
$103,412
$47,572
$1 ,490
$152,474
$13,140
$14,855
$5,201
$19,085
$52,281
$15,200
$5,039
$0
$96,375
$116,614
$1,202,432
Delta
FY13PB -
FY12EN
$65,771
$314
($8,045)
$0
$58,040
$26,861
($9,864)
$264
$24
$0
$0
$17,285
$4,380
$257
$0
$4,637
$438
($1 ,745)
($58)
($1,365)
$21
$343
$120
$441
$925
$5,236
$117
$0
$28,744
$34,097
$113,619
% Change
27.9%
2.4%
-100.0%
0.0%
22.6%
1 1 .3%
-100.0%
0.2%
0.2%
0.0%
0.0%
4.0%
4.2%
2.4%
0.0%
4.0%
0.4%
-3.5%
-3.7%
-0.9%
0.2%
2.2%
2.2%
2.2%
1.8%
52.6%
2.1%
0.0%
41 .5%
41.3%
10.4% |
NOTES: Totals may not add due to rounding.
* Actuals refer to Actual Obligations
95
-------
96
-------
Categorical Grants
Categorical Grants Program (STAG)
(Dollars in millions)
$1,400
$1,200
$1,000
$800
$600
$400
$200
tn -
$1,143 $1,168 $1,137 $1,113 $1,113 $1,078 $1,095 $1,116 $1,104 $1,089 $1,202
^^"
-
,_
^^^B ^^^^^ ^^^^^M -^^^^W
-
-
-
-
-
-
~ >
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN EN PB
*Does not account for rescissions or cancellations.
*EN - Enacted, PB - President's Budget
Categorical Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests a total of $1.202 billion for 17 "categorical" program
grants for state, interstate organizations, non-profit organizations, intertribal consortia,
and tribal governments. The EPA will continue to pursue its strategy of building and
supporting state, local, and tribal capacity to implement, operate, and enforce the
nation's environmental laws. Most environmental laws envision establishment of a
decentralized nationwide structure to protect public health and the environment. In this
way, environmental goals will ultimately be achieved through the actions, programs, and
commitments of state, tribal, and local governments, organizations, and citizens.
Also, to strengthen grants management, the EPA, working with the states, has issued a
new policy that replaces the State Grant Performance Measures Template. The policy is
intended to 1) enhance accountability for achieving grant performance objectives; 2)
ensure that State grants are aligned with the Agency's Strategic Plan; and 3) provide for
more consistent performance reporting. To achieve those objectives, the policy requires
that state categorical grant workplans and associated progress reports prominently
display three "Essential Elements: the EPA Strategic Plan Goal; the EPA Strategic Plan
Objective; and workplan commitments plus time frame. Regions and states will begin to
transition to the new policy in FY 2012 with the goal of 100% compliance for all grants
awarded on or after October 1, 2012.
97
-------
Categorical Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to offer flexibility to state and tribal governments to
manage their environmental programs as well as provide technical and financial
assistance to achieve mutual environmental goals. First, the EPA and its state and tribal
partners will continue implementing the National Environmental Performance
Partnership System (NEPPS). NEPPS is designed to allow states more flexibility to
operate their programs, while increasing emphasis on measuring and reporting
environmental improvements. Second, Performance Partnership Grants (PPGs) will
continue to allow states and tribes funding flexibility to combine categorical program
grants to address environmental priorities.
HIGHLIGHTS:
State & Local Air Quality Management, Radon, and Tribal Air Quality
Management Grants
The FY 2013 request includes $315.1 million for grants to support state, local, and tribal
air management programs, an increase of $66.1 million. Grant funds for State and Local
Air Quality Management and Tribal Air Quality Management are requested in the
amounts of $301.5 million and $13.6 million, respectively. These funds provide
resources to multi-state, state, local, and tribal air pollution control agencies for the
development and implementation of programs for the prevention and control of air
pollution and for the implementation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) set to protect public health and the environment. In FY 2013, the EPA will
continue to work with state and local air pollution control agencies to develop or
implement state implementation plans (SIPs) for NAAQS (including the 8-hour ozone
standard, the fine particle (PM-2.5) standard, the lead standard) and also for regional
haze. In addition, the EPA will continue support of state and local operation of the 27-
site National Air Toxics Trends Stations network. In FY 2013, states with approved or
delegated permitting programs will continue to implement new greenhouse gas
requirements as part of their permitting programs.
The EPA will work with federally-recognized tribal governments nationwide to continue
development and implementation of tribal air quality management programs. Tribes are
active in protection of air quality for the 4 percent of the land mass of the United States
over which they have sovereignty and work closely with the EPA to monitor and report
air quality information from over 300 monitors. Lastly, the FY 2013 budget eliminates
funding for the State Indoor Radon Grant (SIRG) program. Although the radon program
continues to be important to protect human health, over the course of the 23 years the
EPA has provided SIRG funding, the EPA has successfully supported states in
establishing their own programs, which can continue radon protection efforts without
SIRG.
98
-------
Categorical Grants
Water Pollution Control (Clean Water Act Section 106) Grants
The FY 2013 EPA request includes $265.3 million for Water Pollution Control grants.
The $26.9 million increase will strengthen the state, interstate and tribal programs,
address water quality issues such as nutrients and new program requirements, and
support expanded water monitoring and enforcement efforts. In FY 2013, the EPA will
designate $15.0 million of the additional funds for states that commit to strengthening
their nutrient management efforts consistent with EPA Office of Water guidance issued
in March 2011. These water quality programs assist state and tribal efforts to restore
and maintain the quality of the nation's water quality standards, improving water quality
monitoring and assessment, implementing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) and
other watershed-related plans, strengthening the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit program, implementing practices to reduce
pollution from all nonpoint sources, and supporting sustainable water infrastructure. The
EPA will work with states to implement the rules governing discharges from
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) and will continue to revise the
stormwater regulations to better protect the nation's waters from stormwater discharges.
The EPA intends to propose more protective standards on discharges from newly
developed and redeveloped sites. States and authorized tribes will continue to review
and update their water quality standards as required by the Clean Water Act. The EPA
encourages states to continually review and update the water quality criteria in their
standards to reflect the latest scientific information from the EPA and other sources. The
EPA's goal for FY 2013 is that 64.3 percent of states will have updated their standards
to reflect the latest scientific information in the past three years. In FY 2013, $18.5
million will be designated for states and tribes that participate in collecting statistically
valid water monitoring data and implement enhancements in their water monitoring
programs.
Wetlands Grants
In FY 2013, the request includes $15.2 million for Wetlands Program grants, which
provide technical and financial assistance to the states, tribes, and local governments.
These grants support development of state and tribal wetland programs that further the
national goal of an overall increase in the acreage and condition of wetlands. The
Wetland Program Development Grants are the EPA's primary resource for supporting
state and Tribal wetland program development. Grants are used to develop new or
refine existing state and Tribal wetland programs in one or more of the following areas:
(1) monitoring and assessment; (2) voluntary restoration and protection; (3) regulatory
programs including Section 401 certification; and (4) wetland water quality standards.
Public Water System Supervision Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $109.7 million for Public Water System Supervision
(PWSS) grants. These grants provide assistance to implement and enforce National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations to ensure the safety of the Nation's drinking water
resources and to protect public health. In FY 2013, the EPA is requesting a $4 million
99
-------
Categorical Grants
increase to support state data management, improve data quality, and enable states to
more efficiently receive drinking water data, thereby improving program management.
The EPA will use the funding for associated program support costs or in-kind assistance
for the benefit of states in replacing the EPA developed, state operated Safe Drinking
Water Information System/State Version (SDWIS/State). This should reduce the need
for state resources to maintain individual compliance databases, enabling increased
resources towards providing compliance assistance.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $11.1 million for the Underground Injection Control grants
program. Ensuring safe underground injection of waste materials and other fluids is a
main component of a comprehensive source water protection program. Grants are
provided to states that have primary enforcement authority (primacy) to implement and
maintain UIC programs. In December 2010, a rule was finalized which established a
new class of underground injection well—Class VI—with new federal requirements to
allow the injection of CCb for the purpose of Geologic Sequestration (GS). On
September 15, 2011, the EPA published a notice in the Federal Register indicating that
the EPA will implement the Class VI GS program as no state has applied for, or
received, approval for Class VI primacy either through a state UIC program revision, or
a new application from states without any UIC primary enforcement authority.
Therefore, in FY 2013, until states receive Class VI primacy approval, the EPA will
continue to carry out regulatory functions for Class VI GS wells along with other classes
of wells for which the EPA has direct implementation responsibility. The EPA will
continue to process primacy applications and permit applications for carbon
sequestration projects related to Class VI wells. States and the EPA also will process
Underground Injection Control permits for other nontraditional injection streams such as
desalination brines and treated waters injected for storage to be recovered at a later
time. In addition, within the resources available, the EPA (where the EPA directly
implements) will implement guidance on permitting under UIC where diesel fuels are
used.
Non-Point Source Program Grants (NFS - Clean Water Act Section 319)
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $164.8 million for Nonpoint Source Program grants to
states, territories, and tribes. These grants enable states to use a range of tools to
implement their programs including: both non-regulatory and regulatory programs,
technical assistance, financial assistance, education, training, technology transfer, and
demonstration projects. The request also eliminates the statutory one-third of one-
percent cap on Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution grants that may
be awarded to tribes. In 2013, the EPA and the USDA will work collaboratively to select
and target efforts in high priority watersheds to address agricultural nonpoint source
pollution, with a particular emphasis on watersheds in the Mississippi River Basin. The
goal of our collaboration is to better protect water resources from nonpoint sources of
pollution, including nitrogen and phosphorus. In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to
implement program reforms and accountability.
100
-------
Categorical Grants
For FY 2013, EPA also will issue new grant guidance that will require States to update
their nonpoint source management plans, implement monitoring in selected high priority
watersheds, and other changes to better address nonpoint source pollution.
Tribal General Assistance Program Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $96.4 million in GAP grants, an increase of $28.7 million,
to provide tribes with a stronger foundation to build their capacity to address
environmental issues on Indian lands. It will further the EPA's partnership and
collaboration with tribes to address a wider set of program responsibilities and
challenges. The grants will assist tribal governments in building environmental capacity
to assess environmental conditions, utilize available federal and other information, and
build and administer environmental programs tailored to their needs. This additional
funding will increase the average cost of grants made to eligible tribes and will fund
limited targeted assistance initiatives focused on mutually agreed-upon concerns in
Indian country.
Pesticide Enforcement and Toxics Substances Compliance Grants
The FY 2013 request includes $24.3 million to build environmental enforcement
partnerships with states and tribes and to strengthen their ability to address
environmental and public health threats. The enforcement state grants request consists
of $19.1 million for Pesticides Enforcement and $5.2 million for Toxic Substances
Compliance Grants. The Toxic Substance Compliance Grants protect the public and the
environment from PCBs, asbestos, and lead-based paint. State and tribal enforcement
grants will be awarded to assist in the implementation of compliance and enforcement
provisions of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). These grants support state and tribal
compliance activities to protect the environment from harmful chemicals and pesticides.
Under the Pesticides Enforcement Grant program, the EPA provides resources to states
and Indian tribes to conduct FIFRA compliance inspections and take appropriate
enforcement actions and implement programs for farm worker protection. The program
also sponsors training for state and tribal inspectors through the Pesticide Inspector
Residential Program (PIRT) and for state and tribal managers through the Pesticide
Regulatory Education Program (PREP). Under the Toxic Substances Compliance Grant
program, "non-waiver" states inspect on behalf of the EPA and receive funding for
compliance inspections of asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and "waiver"
states inspect under their own regulations and receive funding for compliance
inspections and enforcement of the asbestos program. States also receive funding for
implementation of the state lead-based paint certification and training, abatement
notification and work practice standards compliance and enforcement program. The
funds will complement other Federal program grants for building state capacity for lead
abatement, and enhancing compliance with disclosure, certification, and training
requirements.
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Categorical Grants
Pesticides Program Implementation Grants
The FY 2013 request includes $13.1 million for Pesticides Program Implementation
grants. These resources will assist states, tribes, and partners with pesticide worker
safety activities, protection of endangered species and water sources, and promotion of
environmental stewardship approaches to pesticide use. The EPA's mission as related
to pesticides is to protect human health and the environment from pesticide risk and to
realize the value of pesticide availability by considering the economic, social, and
environmental costs and benefits of the use of pesticides. Pesticides Program
Implementation Grants help state programs stay current with changing requirements.
Lead Grants
The FY 2013 request includes $14.9 million for lead grants. This funding will provide
assistance to states, territories, the District of Columbia, and tribes to develop and
implement authorized programs for the lead-based paint abatement program to operate
in lieu of the federal program. Additionally, the program will provide support to those
entities to develop and implement authorized Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP)
Programs. The EPA implements these programs in all areas of the country that are not
authorized to do so. Activities conducted as part of this program include accrediting
training programs, certifying individuals and firms, and providing education and
compliance assistance to those subject to the abatement and RRP regulations and the
general public
The EPA recognizes that additional attention and assistance must be given to
vulnerable populations including those with rates of lead poisoning in excess of the
national average. In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to award Targeted Grants to
Reduce Childhood Lead Poisoning. These grants are available to a wide range of
applicants, including state and local governments, Federally-recognized Indian tribes
and intertribal consortia, territories, institutions of higher learning, and nonprofit
organizations. Funding in this program also is used to track the disparities in blood lead
levels between low-income children and non-low-income children. The program uses
the data collected to track progress toward eliminating childhood lead poisoning in these
vulnerable populations.
Pollution Prevention Grants
The FY 2013 request includes $5.0 million for Pollution Prevention grants. The program
provides grant funds to deliver technical assistance to. The goal is to assist businesses
and industries with identifying improved environmental strategies and solutions for
reducing waste at the source. The program demonstrates that source reduction can be
a cost-effective way of meeting or exceeding Federal and state regulatory requirements.
In FY 2013, the EPA is targeting a reduction of 1.0 billion pounds of hazardous
materials, saving $738 million, conserving 24.8 billion gallons of water, and reducing 4.2
million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents.
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Categorical Grants
Environmental Information Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $15.2 million for the Environmental Information Exchange
Network (EN) grant program. These resources will help states establish and expand
data systems and networks to support the exchange of regulatory, compliance, and
non-regulatory data between the EPA and its state, tribal, and territorial partners and
among its partners. The request level will enable partners to complete development
work for reporting to priority data systems, expand the Network to include other Agency
data systems, develop services to support EPA, co-regulator and public access to data,
and develop and maintain shared tools and services. Grant funding will support multi-
partner projects to plan, mentor and train EN partners and develop and exchange data.
In addition, funding will expand Tribal participation in the EN and continue to leverage
grant resources by funding Tribal partnerships that seek to build the information
management capacity and fund Tribal data exchanges using cloud-based nodes. In FY
2013, an additional $5 million in funding for Environmental Information grants will help
expand electronic reporting by adapting, installing and implementing a suite of data
collection and publishing services. The EPA will target these additional resources
toward states that do not yet have the capabilities to comply with e-reporting
requirements under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
Sfafe and Tribal Underground Storage Tanks Program
The FY 2013 request includes $1.5 million for Underground Storage Tank (LIST) grants.
In FY 2012, the EPA will make grants to states under Section 2007 of the Solid Waste
Disposal Act, available to support core program activities as well as the leak prevention
activities under Title XV, Subtitle B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct).
In FY 2013, the EPA will continue to focus attention on the need to bring all LIST
systems into compliance with release detection and release prevention requirements
and continue to implement the provisions of the EPAct. States will continue to use the
LIST categorical grant funding to implement their leak prevention and detection
programs. Specifically, with these LIST categorical grants, states will fund such activities
as: seeking state program approval to operate the LIST program in lieu of the Federal
program, approving specific technologies to detect leaks from tanks, ensuring that tank
owners and operators are complying with notification and other requirements, ensuring
equipment compatibility, conducting inspections, and implementing operator training.
Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $103.4 million for Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance
grants. Hazardous Waste Financial Assistance grants are used for the implementation
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste program,
which includes permitting, authorization, waste minimization, enforcement, and
corrective action activities. In FY 2013, the EPA expects to increase the number of
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Categorical Grants
hazardous waste facilities with new or updated controls to prevent releases by 100
facilities.
By the end of FY 2013, the EPA and the authorized states also will control human
exposures to contamination at 85 percent of the 2020 universe of 3,747 facilities that
may need cleanup under the RCRA Corrective Action Program. The EPA also will
control migration of contaminated groundwater at 73 percent of these facilities and
complete the construction of final remedies at 51 percent of these facilities.
Brownfields Grants
In FY 2013, the EPA requests $47.6 million for the Brownfields grant program that
provides assistance to states and tribes to develop and enhance their state and Tribal
Brownfields response programs. This funding will help states and tribes develop
legislation, regulations, procedures, and guidance, to establish or enhance the
administrative and legal structure of their response programs.
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SRF Obligations by State
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Resources
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Resources
State-by-State distribution of Actual and Estimated Obligations
Fiscal Years 2011 to 2013 - Dollars in Thousands
The following tables show state-by-state distribution of resources for EPA's two largest
State and Tribal Grant Programs, the Clean Water State Revolving Fund and the
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. These tables do not reflect total resources that
EPA provides to individual states.
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SRF Obligations by State
Infrastructure Assistance:
Clean Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
(Dollars in Thousands)
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Tribal Resources
Undistributed National Resources
TOTAL:
FY2011
ACT.
OBLIG.
$167.0
$8,927.0
$8,065.0
$16,181.7
$9,757.0
$110,411.7
$12,508.5
$25,150.4
$7,340.1
$24,448.3
$50,439.6
$25,251.5
$7,316.6
$27,492.0
$7,322.0
$66,784.0
$36,287.8
$27,756.3
$31,890.9
$44,916.0
$22,562.0
$11,546.5
$36,075.0
$50,642.0
$151,743.0
$27,415.1
$13,438.0
$56,483.0
$10,322.0
$7,629.0
$7,322.0
$35,267.0
$60,342.0
$13,811.0
$168,656.5
$670.8
$10,103.0
$3774.4
$199,830.0
$14,332.0
$16,850.0
$59,159.4
$27,957.6
$10,015.0
$21,046.4
$7,322.0
$21,668.0
$68,174.8
$7,859.0
$7,322.0
$6,606
$30,584.2
$25,939.0
$23,658.3
$55,486.0
$7,322.0
$16,556.3
$0.0
$1,863,903.7
FY2012
EST.
OBLIG.
$16,132.0
$8,601.0
$7,786.0
$9,707.0
$9,401.0
$102,398.0
$11,496.0
$17,606.0
$7,055.0
$7,055.0
$48,511.0
$24,299.0
$5,634.0
$11,131.0
$7,055.0
$64,612.0
$34,635.0
$19,527.0
$12,972.0
$18,291.0
$15,861.0
$11,125.0
$34,759.0
$48,794.0
$61,794.0
$26,414.0
$12,948.0
$40,804.0
$7,055.0
$7,351.0
$7,055.0
$14,362.0
$58,728.0
$7,055.0
$158,242.0
$25,937.0
$7,056.0
$3,619.0
$80,520.0
$11,611.0
$16,235.0
$56,927.0
$19,198.0
$9,650.0
$14,780.0
$7,055.0
$20,877.0
$65,301.0
$7,572.0
$7,055.0
$4,614.0
$29,412.0
$24,992.0
$22,403.0
$39,007.0
$7,055.0
$29,329.0
$0.0
$1,466,456.0
FY2013
EST.
OBLIG.
$12,876.0
$6,892.0
$6,238.0
$7,778.0
$7,533.0
$82,356.0
$9,211.0
$14,107.0
$5,653.0
$5,653.0
$38,869.0
$19,469.0
$4,514.0
$8,918.0
$5,653.0
$52,079.0
$27,751.0
$15,585.0
$10,394.0
$14,656.0
$12,659.0
$8,914.0
$27,850.0
$39,096.0
$49,513.0
$21,165.0
$10,375.0
$31,922.0
$5,653.0
$5,890.0
$5,653.0
$11,507.0
$47,056.0
$5,653.0
$127,099.0
$20,782.0
$5,653.0
$2,899.0
$64,825.0
$9,303.0
$13,008.0
$45,613.0
$15,019.0
$7,732.0
$11,797.0
$5,653.0
$16,728.0
$52,631.0
$6,067.0
$5,653.0
$3,621.0
$23,566.0
$20,025.0
$17,951.0
$31,131.0
$5,653.0
$23,500.0
$0.0
$1,175,000.0
Notes: Estimated Obligations are based on the FY 2012 Enacted Budget and the FY 2013 President's Budget.
FY 2012 estimates do not reflect proposed $10 million rescission.
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SRF Obligations by State
Infrastructure Assistance:
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF)
(Dollars in Thousands)
STATE
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands, U.S.
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Tribal Resources
Undistributed National Resources
TOTAL:
FY2011
ACT.
OBLIG.
$0.0
$9,418.0
$1,404
$21,969.6
$20,539.0
$87,586.8
$16,439.0
$13,573.0
$22,841.0
$18,234.5
$75,067.0
$0.0
$7,174.7
$22,841.0
$9,418.0
$35,644.0
$15,709.0
$23,169.0
$28,127.0
$32,971.0
$7,695.0
$9,268.0
$20,065.9
$17,278.0
$28,703.0
$0.0
$0.0
$26,234.0
$9,268.0
$9,418.0
$9,268.0
$22,841.0
$20,120.0
$18,560.0
$62,099.1
$35,593.0
$13,573.0
$4,250.9
$89,194.0
$11,570.9
$9,418.0
$27,154.0
$13,573.0
$13,573.0
$13,573.0
$9,268.0
$10,300.0
$0.0
$9,268.0
$13,573.0
$7,851.0
$15,711.0
$24,044.0
$9,596.6
$23,399.0
$10,420.9
$13,979.9
$924.0
$1,102,751.8
FY2012
EST.
OBLIG.
$11,190.0
$8,976.0
$1,360.0
$18,025.0
$13,582.0
$83,012.0
$15,919.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$28,361.0
$26,911.0
$3,398.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$32,934.0
$14,970.0
$15,321.0
$10,981.0
$12,956.0
$16,961.0
$8,976.0
$13,926.0
$16,732.0
$26,319.0
$15,062.0
$9,697.0
$17,348.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$18,230.0
$8,976.0
$58,193.0
$23,537.0
$8,976.0
$4,066.0
$27,895.0
$10,208.0
$8,976.0
$25,352.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$9,975.0
$57,038.0
$8,976.0
$8,976.0
$4,640.0
$15,215.0
$21,970.0
$8,976.0
$18,789.0
$8,976.0
$18,358.0
$2,000.0
$917,893.0
FY2013
EST.
OBLIG.
$10,300.0
$8,310.0
$1,259.0
$16,689.0
$12,575.0
$77,739.0
$14,739.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$27,133.0
$19,636.0
$3,146.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$31 ,366.0
$13,860.0
$14,185.0
$10,167.0
$11,996.0
$15,704.0
$8,310.0
$12,893.0
$15,492.0
$25,242.0
$13,945.0
$8,648.0
$16,062.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$17,752.0
$8,310.0
$54,753.0
$21,792.0
$8,310.0
$3,764.0
$26,701.0
$10,325.0
$8,310.0
$24,347.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$9,235.0
$52,810.0
$8,310.0
$8,310.0
$4,296.0
$14,087.0
$21,215.0
$8,310.0
$14,327.0
$8,310.0
$17,000.0
$2,000.0
$850,000.0
Notes: Estimated Obligations are based on the FY 2012 Enacted Budget and the FY 2013 President's Budget.
FY 2012 Estimated Obligations do not add due to rounding.
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108
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Infrastructure Financing
Infrastructure / STAG Project Financing
(Dollars in Thousands)
Type / Grant
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
State Revolving Funds
Mexico Border
Alaska Native Villages
FY2011
Enacted
$1,521,950
$963,070
$2,485,020
$9,980
$9,980
FY2012
Enacted
$1,466,456
$917,892
$2,384,348
$4,992
$9,984
FY2013
PresBud
$1,175,000
$850,000
$2,025,000
$10,000
$10,000
Delta
FY13PB-
FY12EN
-$291 ,456
-$67,892
-$359,348
$5,008
$16
Special Needs Projects
$19,960
$14,976
$20,000
$5,024
Diesel Emissions Reduction Grant
Program
Brownfields Projects
$49,900
$99,800
$29,952
$94,848
$15,000
$93,291
-$14,952
-$1,557
Infrastructure Assistance Total
$2,654,680 $2,524,124 $2,153,291 -$370,833
Infrastructure and Special Projects Funds
The FY 2013 President's Budget includes a total of $2.2 billion for the EPA's
Infrastructure programs in the State and Tribal Assistance Grant (STAG) account. This
budget continues funding for the SRFs at $2.0 billion.
Infrastructure and targeted projects funding under the STAG appropriation provides
financial assistance to states, municipalities, interstates, and tribal governments to fund
a variety of drinking water, wastewater, air, and brownfields environmental projects.
These funds help fulfill the federal government's commitment to help our state, tribal
and local partners obtain adequate funding to construct the facilities required to comply
with federal environmental requirements and ensure public health and revitalize
contaminated properties.
Providing STAG funds to capitalize State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs, the EPA
works in partnership with the states to provide low-cost loans to municipalities for
infrastructure construction. All drinking water and wastewater projects are funded based
on state developed priority lists. Through SRF set-asides, grants are available to Indian
tribes and U.S. territories for infrastructure projects.
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Infrastructure Financing
The resources included in this budget will enable the Agency, in conjunction with the
EPA's state, local, and tribal partners, to achieve important goals for FY 2013. For
example: 92 percent of the population served by community water systems will receive
drinking water meeting all health-based standards.
Capitalizing Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds
The Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs demonstrate a
true partnership between states, localities, and the federal government. These
programs provide federal financial assistance to protect the nation's water resources by
providing funds for the construction of drinking water and wastewater treatment
facilities. The state revolving funds are two important elements of the nation's
substantial investment in sewage treatment and drinking water systems, which provides
Americans with significant benefits in the form of reduced water pollution and safe
drinking water.
The EPA will continue to provide financial assistance for wastewater and other water
projects through the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). CWSRF projects
include nonpoint source, estuary, stormwater, and sewer overflow projects. The
dramatic progress made in improving the quality of wastewater treatment since the
1970s is a national success. In 1972, only 84 million people were served by secondary
or advanced wastewater treatment facilities. As of 2008 (from most recent Clean
Watersheds Needs Survey), over 99 percent of community wastewater treatment
plants, serving 222.6 million people, use secondary treatment or better. Water
infrastructure projects supported by the program contribute to direct ecosystem
improvements by lowering the amount of nutrients and toxic pollutants in all types of
surface waters. While great progress has been made, many rivers, lakes and
ocean/coastal areas still suffer an significant influx of pollutants after heavy rains
resulting in beach closures, infected fish, and degradation of the ability of watersheds to
sustain a healthy ecosystem.
The FY 2013 request includes $1.2 billion in funding for the CWSRF. Approximately
$36.3 billion has been appropriated as of FY 2011 to capitalize the CWSRF. Total
CWSRF funding available for loans from 1988 through June 2008 exceeds $89.5 billion.
This total reflects loan repayments, state match dollars, as well as other funding
sources. The EPA estimates that for every federal dollar contributed, more than two
dollars are provided to municipalities.
Since its inception in 1997, the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program
has made $24.14 billion available to finance 9,031 infrastructure improvement projects
nationwide, with an average of $1.77 made available to localities for every $1 of federal
funds invested. As of June 30, 2011, $13.7 billion in capitalization grants have been
awarded, amounting to loans/assistance of $21.7 billion. The DWSRF helps address the
costs of ensuring safe drinking water supplies and assists small communities in meeting
their responsibilities.
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Infrastructure Financing
EPA will work to target assistance to small and underserved communities with limited
ability to repay loans, while maintaining state program integrity. A number of systems
could have access to capital through the Administration's proposed Infrastructure Bank.
For FY 2013, the EPA requests not more than 30 percent of the CWSRF funds be made
available to each state to be used to provide additional subsidy to eligible recipients in
the form of forgiveness of principle, negative interest loans, or grants (or a combination
of these). This provision would only apply to the portion of the appropriation that
exceeds $1 billion. Similarly, as outlined in Section 1452(d)(2) of the SDWA, up to 30
percent of a state's Drinking Water capitalization grant may be used for subsidization.
For FY 2013, the EPA will encourage states to utilize the subsidy to assist small
drinking water systems with standards compliance. The EPA also is requesting, to the
extent there are sufficient eligible project applications, that not less than 20 percent of a
portion of a CWSRF capitalization grant and 10 percent of a portion of a DWSRF grant
be made available for projects, or portion of projects, that include green infrastructure,
water or energy efficiency improvements, or other environmentally innovative activities.
As part of the Administration's long-term strategy, the EPA is implementing a
Sustainable Water Infrastructure Policy that focuses on working with states and
communities to enhance technical, managerial, and financial capacity. Important to the
technical capacity will be enhancing alternatives analysis to expand "green
infrastructure" options and their multiple benefits. Federal dollars provided through the
SRFs will act as a catalyst for efficient system-wide planning and ongoing management
of sustainable water infrastructure. Overall, the Administration requests a combined
$2.0 billion for the SRFs.
Set-Asides for Tribes and Territories
To improve public health and water quality on tribal lands, the Agency is requesting
increases to the tribal set asides in the CWSRF and DWSRF from 1.5 percent to up to 2
percent. The EPA also is requesting an increase to the SRF set aside for territories from
0.25 percent to up to 1.5 percent for the CWSRF and from 0.33 percent for the DWSRF
to up to 1.5 percent.
Alaska Native Villages
The President's Budget requests $10 million for Alaska native villages for the
construction of wastewater and drinking water facilities to address serious sanitation
problems. The EPA will continue to work with the Department of Health and Human
Services' Indian Health Service, the State of Alaska, the Alaska Native Tribal Health
Council, and local communities to provide needed financial and technical assistance.
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Infrastructure Financing
Diesel Emission Reduction Grants
The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) authorizes a grant program that provides
immediate, cost-effective emission reductions from existing diesel engines through
engine retrofits, rebuilds and replacements; switching to cleaner fuels; idling reduction
strategies; and other clean diesel strategies. Retrofitting or replacing diesel engines
reduces particulate matter (PM) emissions up to 95 percent, smog-forming emissions,
such as hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), up to 90 percent, and
greenhouse gases up to 20 percent in the upgraded vehicles.
The FY 2013 budget includes a new approach designed to transition the program away
from ongoing Federal support. The modified funding strategy will use rebates and
revolving loan funds to concentrate resources on communities in a limited set of high
exposure areas such as near ports and freight distribution hubs. Through the rebate
mechanism, the Agency would be able to more efficiently target the awards toward the
dirtiest, most polluting engines.
The federal monies spent under the $15 million request would be split into two
categories. The first category would allocate funds to a new rebate program established
under DERA's reauthorization. The second component would allocate funds towards
national low-cost revolving loans or other financing programs that help fleets reduce
diesel emissions. Both approaches would be available to private fleets for the first time.
Upon awarding these funds in FY 2013, funding for DERA grants would be phased out.
Brownfields Projects
The President's Budget requests $93 million for Brownfields projects. With the FY 2013
request, the EPA plans to fund an estimated 155 assessment cooperative agreements
and 56 direct cleanup cooperative agreements. The EPA also will support cleanup of
approximately 45 sites contaminated by petroleum or petroleum products and award an
estimated $3 million in environmental workforce development and job training grants. In
FY 2013, the funding provided is expected to result in the assessment of 1,200
brownfields properties. Using EPA grant dollars, the brownfields grantees will leverage
5,000 cleanup and redevelopment jobs and $1.2 billion in cleanup and redevelopment
funding.
During FY 2013, the Brownfields program will continue to support the Agency's ongoing
brownfields area-wide planning efforts. The cooperative agreements and technical
assistance provided for brownfields area-wide planning helps communities identify
viable reuses of brownfields properties, as well as associated infrastructure investments
and environmental improvements needed, which will help lead to site cleanup and area
revitalization.
In FY 2013, the Agency will redirect $150 thousand to Community Action for a Renewed
Environment (CARE). These resources will support the application of CARE principles
as they interact with brownfields area-wide planning projects and support sustainable
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Infrastructure Financing
redevelopment approaches on brownfields. The EPA will continue to provide technical
assistance for brownfields redevelopment in cities in transition which are struggling with
high unemployment as a result of structural changes to their economies. In addition, the
Brownfields program will continue to work closely with the EPA's Sustainable
Communities program to address critical issues for brownfields redevelopment,
including land assembly, development permitting issues, financing, accountability to
uniform systems of information for land use controls, greener development practices,
and other factors that influence the economic viability of brownfields redevelopment.
The best practices, tools, and lessons learned from the Sustainable Communities
program will directly inform and assist the EPA's efforts to increase area-wide planning
for assessment, cleanup, and redevelopment of brownfields sites. In FY 2013, the
Brownfields program will continue to foster federal, state, local, and public/private
partnerships to return properties to productive economic use in communities. The
Brownfields projects funding also supports participation in the Administration-wide
initiative, the America's Great Outdoors (AGO), by promoting the planning of urban
parks and greenways on once abandoned or scarred lands.
Mexico Border
The President's Budget requests a total of $10 million for water infrastructure projects
along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The goal of this program is to reduce environmental and
human health risks along the U.S.-Mexico Border. The EPA's U.S.-Mexico Border
program provides funds to support the planning, design, and construction of high priority
water and wastewater treatment projects along the border. The Agency's goal is to
provide protection to people in the U.S.-Mexico border area from health risks by
connecting homes to potable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment
systems.
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Trust Funds
(Dollars in Millions)
Trust Funds
Trust Funds Program
Superfund2
Inspector General (Transfers)
Research & Development
(Transfers)
Superfund Total
Base Realignment and Closure3
LUST4
Trust Funds Total5:
FY 201 1
Enacted
Budget1
$
$1,244
$10
$27
$1,281
$0
$113
$1,394
FTE
3,030
66
108
3,203
29
74
3,306
FY2012
Enacted
Budget1
$
$1,181
$10
$23
$1,214
$0
$104
$1,318
FTE
2,961
65
105
3,132
28
70
3,230
FY2013
President's
Budget1
$
$1,142
$11
$23
$1,176
$0
$104
$1,281
FTE
2,906
66
106
3,079
26
68
3,172
1 Totals may not add due to rounding.
2 FTE numbers include all direct and reimbursable Superfund employees, excluding Base Realignment
and Closure which is discussed below.
3 Funding for reimbursable FTE provided by the Department of Defense via an Interagency Agreement.
4 EPAct Grants for Prevention activities are included in the FY 2011 Enacted, FY 2012 Enacted, and FY
2013 President's Budget.
5 Trust Funds Total includes reimbursable FTE for Base Realignment and Closure as well as other
Superfund reimbursable FTE.
Superfund
In FY 2013, the President's Budget requests a total of $1,176 million in discretionary
budget authority and 3,079 FTE for Superfund. This funding level will address
environmental and public health risks resulting from releases or threatened releases of
hazardous substances associated with any emergency site, as well as the over 13,700
active Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) and non-NPL sites. It also provides
funding to pursue responsible parties for cleanup costs, preserving federal dollars for
sites where there are no viable contributing parties. As of the end of FY 2011, there are
1,652 sites on the NPL. 1123 sites (68 percent) are construction completed or are
deleted, 319 sites (19 percent) are undergoing cleanup construction, 210 sites (13
percent) are pending investigation or being investigated. The EPA will continue to give
attention to all phases of the investigation and cleanup of NPL and Non-NPL sites,
including post-construction completion activities to ensure that Superfund response
actions provide for the long-term protection of human health and the environment. A
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significant statutory required post-construction activity is a Five-Year Review1, which
generally is necessary when hazardous substances remain on-site above levels that
permit unrestricted use and unlimited exposure. In FY 2013, the EPA plans to conduct
over 200 Five-Year Reviews.
Of the total funding requested for Superfund, $755 million and 1,412 FTE are for
Superfund cleanups which include the Superfund Remedial, Emergency Response and
Removal, EPA Emergency Preparedness, and Federal Facilities programs. The
Superfund program protects the American public and its resources by cleaning up sites
which pose an imminent or long term risk of exposure and harm to human health and
the environment. In FY 2013, the Agency will maintain the funding level necessary to
respond to emergency releases of hazardous substances, but, in recognition of budget
constraints, will downsize the Superfund Remedial program including site assessment,
remedial investigation/feasibility studies, remedial designs, remedial action, and post-
construction operations. As a result, the number of sites assessed, site-wide
construction completions, sites ready for anticipated use, and remedial action project
completions will also be reduced. The EPA and its partners will focus on completing
construction activities at 19 site wide construction completions as well as 115 individual
project completions by the end of FY 2013, while also maintaining the level of sites
achieving human exposure and groundwater migration under control. Due to program
reductions in FY 2012 and FY 2013, the Agency will place a priority on completing
projects at various stages as opposed to starting new project phases.
The Agency works with several federal agencies that provide essential services in areas
where the Agency does not possess the specialized expertise. Over the last 30 years of
operations, the relationship between the federal agencies for cleanup activities has
become more defined and the agencies that received automatic transfers from the EPA
have developed their own mission-specific funding for the purposes that the EPA had
previously subsidized. In FY 2013, the Agency is proposing to eliminate the last
remaining automatic transfers to other federal agencies, including the United States
Coast Guard (USCG), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
and the Department of the Interior (DOI). The Agency has determined an automatic
transfer is no longer needed and interagency assistance agreements are more
appropriate for this activity. Funding for the other federal agencies may be pursued by
Superfund-related support services, on an as-needed basis.
Of the total funding requested, $186 million and 989 FTE are for Superfund
enforcement-related activities. One of the Superfund program's primary goals is to have
responsible parties pay for and conduct cleanups at abandoned or uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. The Agency focuses on maximizing all aspects of Potentially
1 Five-Year Reviews are used to evaluate the implementation and performance of all components of the
implemented remedy and to determine whether the remedy remains protective of human health and the environment.
The Five-Year Review includes not only the physical remedy itself, but also institutional controls necessary to
manage the use of the site. The EPA develops an annual Report to Congress describing the protectiveness of
remedies as found through Five-Year Reviews including those conducted by federal agencies and reviewed by the
EPA through the Superfund Federal Facilities Response program.
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Responsible Party (PRP) participation; including reaching a settlement with or taking an
enforcement action by the time of a Remedial Action start at 99 percent of non-federal
Superfund sites. The Agency has reached a settlement or taken an enforcement action
on 98 percent or more of non-federal Superfund sites with viable, liable parties since FY
2010.
CERCLA authorizes the Agency to retain and use funds received pursuant to an
agreement with a potentially responsible party (PRP) to carry out the purpose of that
agreement. The EPA retains such funds in special accounts and uses them to finance
site-specific CERCLA response actions in accordance with the settlement agreement,
including, but not limited to, investigations, construction and implementation of the
remedy, post-construction activities, and oversight of PRP's conducting the cleanup.
Through the use of special accounts, the EPA pursues its "enforcement first" policy -
ensuring responsible parties pay for cleanup - so that appropriated resources from the
Superfund Trust Fund are conserved for sites where no viable or liable PRPs have been
identified. Because response actions may take many years and the use of special
account funding is limited by the terms of the settlement agreements, the full use of
special account funds may also take many years. Since the inception of special
accounts through the end of FY 2011, the EPA has collected approximately $3.7 billion
from PRPs and earned approximately $391.4 million in interest. In addition, the EPA
has transferred over $19.2 million to the Superfund Trust Fund. As of the end of FY
2011, over $1.9 billion has been disbursed to finance site response actions and over
$287.0 million has been obligated but not yet disbursed, which is more than 54 percent
of the cumulative funds available in special accounts. In FY 2011, the EPA increased
disbursements from special accounts by almost 24 percent compared to FY 2010. Both
special account resources and appropriated resources are critical to the Superfund
program.
The EPA's Homeland Security work is an important component of the Agency's
prevention, protection, and response activities. The FY 2013 President's Budget
requests $42 million to: maintain its capability to respond effectively to incidents that
may involve harmful chemical, biological, and radiological substances; operate the
Environmental Response Laboratory Network (ERLN); maximize the effectiveness of its
involvement in national security events through pre-deployments of assets such as
emergency response personnel and field detection equipment; maintain the Emergency
Management Portal (EMP); and manage, collect, and validate new information for new
and existing weapons of mass destruction agents as decontamination techniques are
developed or as other information emerges from the scientific community.
The FY 2013 President's Budget also includes resources supporting Agency-wide
resource management and control functions. This includes essential infrastructure,
contract and grant administration, financial accounting, and other fiscal operations.
In addition, the Agency provides funds for Superfund program research and for auditing.
The President's Budget requests $23 million and 106 FTE to be transferred to Research
and Development. Research will enable the EPA's Superfund program to accelerate
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scientifically defensible and cost-effective decisions for cleanup at complex
contaminated Superfund sites. The Superfund research program is driven by program
office needs to reduce the cost of cleaning up Superfund sites, improve the efficiency of
characterizing and remediating sites, identify effective remediation technologies, and
reduce the scientific uncertainties for improved decision-making at Superfund sites. The
President's Budget also requests $11 million and 66 FTE to be transferred to the
Inspector General for program auditing.
There are still sites where no viable PRP has been identified and there are many
activities that the EPA performs that are not otherwise reimbursed. For this reason, the
FY 2013 Budget supports reinstatement of the Superfund tax. The Superfund tax on
petroleum, chemical feedstock and corporate environmental income expired in 1995.
Since the expiration of Superfund tax, Superfund program funding (the "Superfund
appropriation") has been largely financed from General Revenue transfers to the
Superfund Trust Fund, thus burdening the general public with the costs of cleaning up
hazardous waste sites. Reinstating the Superfund taxes would provide a stable,
dedicated source of revenue for the Superfund Trust Fund and restore the historic
nexus that parties who benefit from the manufacture and sale of substances found in
hazardous waste sites contribute to the cost of cleanup. The reinstated Superfund taxes
are estimated to generate a revenue level of approximately $1.6 billion beginning in
January 2013 to more than $2.6 billion annually by 2022. Total tax revenue over the
period 2013 to 2022 is predicted to be $23.7 billion. The revenues will be placed in the
Superfund Trust Fund and would be available for appropriation from Congress to
support the assessment and cleanup of the Nation's highest risk sites within the
Superfund program.
Base Realignment and Closure Act
The FY 2013 President's Budget requests 26 reimbursable FTE to conduct the Base
Realignment and Closure (BRAG) program (BRAG I-IV). The EPA's participation in the
first four rounds of BRAG has been funded by an interagency agreement which expires
on September 30, 2016. Since 1993, the EPA has worked with the Department of
Defense (DOD) and state environmental programs to make property environmentally
acceptable for transfer, while protecting human health and the environment at realigning
or closing military installations. Between 1988 and 2005, over 500 major military
installations representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Defense Logistics Agency
have been slated for realignment or closure. Under the first four rounds of BRAG (BRAG
I-IV), 107 of those sites were identified as requiring accelerated cleanup. The EPA
provided critical environmental support to DOD and participated in the acceleration
process of the first four rounds of BRAG. The accelerated cleanup process strives to
make parcels available for reuse as quickly as possible, by transfer of uncontaminated
or remediated parcels, lease of contaminated parcels where cleanup is underway, or
"early transfer" of contaminated property undergoing cleanup. Seventy-two Federal
facilities currently listed on the NPL were identified under the fifth round of BRAG
(BRAG V) as closing, realigning, or gaining personnel.
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Trust Funds
The FY 2013 request does not include support for BRAC-related services to DOD at
BRAG V facilities. Rather, the EPA services and resources to support the BRAG V
installations may be requested from DOD, on an as-needed basis.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
The FY 2013 President's Budget requests $104 million and 68 FTE for the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Trust Fund program. The Agency, working with
states and tribes, addresses public health and environmental threats from releases
through prevention and cleanup activities. As required by law (42 U.S.C. 6991 c(f)), not
less than 80 percent of LUST appropriated funds will be used for reasonable costs
incurred under a cooperative agreements with any state to carry out specific purposes.
The EPA will continue to work with the states to achieve more cleanups, and reduce the
backlog of over 87,900 cleanups not yet completed. Between 1986 and 2011, the LUST
program addressed over 82 percent (or 413,740) of all reported releases. In FY 2013,
working with state partners, the LUST program will strive to achieve 10,500 cleanups, a
decrease relative to the FY 2012 target. This reduction is attributed to the complexity of
remaining sites that have been assessed, increased state staff workload in a fiscally
constrained/reduced economic environment, decrease in available state resources and
the increasing cost of cleanups. Additionally, the downward adjustment is attributed to
the completion of 1,000 Recovery Act-funded sites in FY 2011.
The LUST Trust Fund financing tax expired on September 30, 2011 and was extended
through March 30, 2012 as part of the Surface and Air Transportation Programs
Extension Act of 2011. The FY 2013 Budget supports the "polluter pays" principle and
proposes to continue the LUST Trust Fund financing tax. While tank owners and
operators are liable for the cost of cleanups at sites for which they have responsibility,
EPA and State regulatory agencies are not always able to identify responsible parties
and sometimes responsible parties are no longer financially viable or have a limited
ability to pay. In those cases, the cost of the cleanup is distributed among fuel users
through the targeted fuel tax, which is available for appropriation from Congress to
support the prevention and cleanup of sites within the LUST program. Annually, the
Trust Fund receives more than $150 million in tax receipts.
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Acronyms
Environmental Protection Agency
List of Acronyms
AA Assistant Administrator
ACE/ITDS Automated Commercial Environment/International Trade Data System
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
AGO America's Great Outdoors
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
ARA Assistant Regional Administrator
ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
B&F Buildings and Facilities
CAA Clean Air Act
CAFO Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule
CAP Clean Air Partnership Fund
CARE Community Action for a Renewed Environment
CASTNet Clean Air Status and Trends Network
CBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection
CBP Customs and Border Protection
CCAP Climate Change Action Plan
CCS Carbon Capture and Storage
CCTI Climate Change Technology Initiative
CEIS Center for Environmental Information and Statistics
CENRS Committee on Environment, Natural Resources, and Sustainability
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CG Categorical Grant
CSI Common Sense Initiative
CSO Combined Sewer Overflows
CWA Clean Water Act
CWAP Clean Water Action Plan
DBP Disinfection Byproducts
DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting System
DfE Design for the Environment
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
EJ Environmental Justice
ELP Environmental Leadership Project
EN Enacted (Budget)
EPAct Energy Policy Act of 2005
EPCRA Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act
EPM Environmental Programs and Management
ERRS Emergency Rapid Response Services
ESC Executive Steering Committee
ETI Environmental Technology Initiative
ETV Environmental Technology Verification
EU European Union
FAN Fixed Account Numbers
FASAB Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board
FCO Funds Certifying Officer
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
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Acronyms
FLC Federal Leadership Committee
FMFIA Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act
FQPA Food Quality Protection Act
FRP Facility Response Plan
FSMA Food Safety Modernization Act
FSMP Financial System Modernization Project
FTE Full-Time Equivalent
FUDS Formerly Used Defense Sites
GAPG General Assistance Program Grants
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GPRA Government Performance and Results Act
HHRA Human Health Risk Assessment
HPV High Production Volume
HS Homeland Security
HSWA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
HWIR Hazardous Waste Identification Media and Process Rules
IAG I nteragency Agreements
ICR Information Collection Rule
IFMS Integrated Financial Management System
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IRIS Integrated Risk Information System
IRM Information Resource Management
ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
ITMRA Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1995-AKA Clinger/Cohen Act
LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee
LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
M&O Management and Oversight
MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology
MTM Mountaintop Mining
NAAEC North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
NAAQs National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAPA National Academy of Public Administration
NAS National Academy of Sciences
NATA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment
NCDC National Clean Diesel Campaign
NCEA National Center for Environmental Assessment
NEA Nuclear Energy Agency
NDPD National Data Processing Division
NEP National Estuary Program
NEPPS National Environmental Performance Partnership System
NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan
NOA New Obligation Authority
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPDWRs National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
NPL National Priority List
NPM National Program Manager
NPR National Performance Review
NPS Nonpoint Source
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Acronyms
NVFEL National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
OA Office of the Administrator
OAM Office of Acquisition Management
OAR Office of Air and Radiation
OARM Office of Administration and Resources Management
OCFO Office of the Chief Financial Officer
OCHP Office of Children's Health Protection
OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
OEI Office of Environmental Information
OEM Office of Emergency Management
OFA Other Federal Agencies
OFPP Office of Federal Procurement Policy
OGC Office of General Counsel
OIG Office of Inspector General
OMTR Open Market Trading Rule
OPA Oil Pollution Act of 1990
OPAA Office of Planning, Analysis and Accountability
ORD Office of Research and Development
OSRTI Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation
OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
OTAG Ozone Transport Advisory Group
OW Office of Water
PB President's Budget
PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins
PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PC&B Personnel, Compensation and Benefits
PESP Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program
PG Priority Goal
PIRT Pesticide Inspector Residential Program
P2 Pollution Prevention
PM Particulate Matter
PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
POTWs Publicly Owned Treatment Works
PPG Performance Partnership Grants
PRC Program Results Code
PREP Pesticide Regulatory Education Program
PRIA Pesticide Registration Improvement Act
PRIRA Pesticide Registration Improvement Renewal Act
PWSS Public Water System Supervision
RC Responsibility Center
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
RGI Regional Geographic Initiative
RMP Risk Management Plan
RPIO Responsible Planning Implementation Office
RR Reprogramming Request
RRP Renovation, Repair and Painting
RWTA Rural Water Technical Assistance
S&T Science and Technology
SALC Sub-allocation (level)
SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
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Acronyms
SBIR Small Business Innovation Research
SBEAPs Small Business Environmental Assistance Program
SBO Senior Budget Officer
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System
SERC State Emergency Response Commission
SIP State Implementation Plan
SITE Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
SLC Senior Leadership Council
SPCC Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure
SRF State Revolving Fund
SRO Senior Resource Official
SSWR Safe and Sustainable Water Resources
STAG State and Tribal Assistance Grants
STAR Science to Achieve Results
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
STORS Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor
SWP Source Water Protection
SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule
TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load
TRI Toxic Release Inventory
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
UIC Underground Injection Control
USGCRP U.S. Global Change Research Program
UST Underground Storage Tanks
WCF Working Capital Fund
WIF Water Infrastructure Funds
WIPP Waste Isolation Pilot Project
WSI Water Security Initiative
WTO World Trade Organization
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