Biodynamics

"Founded in 1938, the Biodynamic Association (BDA) is considered to be the oldest sustainable agriculture non-profit organization in North America. Biodynamics was developed in the early 1920s by the Austrian philosopher and social reformer Rudolf Steiner. Steiner is considered one of the pioneers of the organic farming movement and biodynamics is considered by many to be the most advanced and holistic form of organic farming and gardening on the planet." BDA maintains an online Research References Portal. Learn more about biodynamics practice, research, education and certification.

"Demeter Association, Inc. is a not-for-profit incorporated in 1985 with the mission to enable people to farm successfully, in accordance with Biodynamic® practices and principles." Demeter offers training, Biodynamic® certification services and products, networking and other services.

"Biodynamic agriculture was the first ecological farming system to arise in response to commercial fertilizers and specialized agriculture after the turn of the century, yet it remains largely unknown to the modern farmer and land-grant university system. The contribution of biodynamics to organic agriculture is significant, however, and warrants more attention. This publication provides an overview of biodynamic farming and includes additional details and resources on the specialized practice of biodynamic composting."

(Document will present as a download.)

"Like organic agriculture, biodynamic agriculture has a certification process, but it has not received as much research attention from agricultural economists. This paper provides basic background information about biodynamic agriculture." It also includes three case examples of firms employing this production system and business strategy.