Urban area | Population group | 1982 | 1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | (R) 2007 | (R) 2008 | (R) 2009 | (R) 2010 | 2011 | Points change | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short-term 2006-2011 | Long-term 1982-2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Points | Ranka | Points | Ranka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Akron, OH | Medium | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.83 | -6 | 51 | 33 | 28 |
Albany-Schenectady, NY | Medium | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.74 | -8 | 67 | 32 | 31 |
Albuquerque, NM | Medium | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.98 | -1 | 16 | 33 | 28 |
Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ | Medium | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.90 | -3 | 29 | 26 | 47 |
Anchorage, AK | Small | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.69 | -7 | 63 | -6 | 99 |
Atlanta, GA | Very large | 0.83 | 0.93 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.11 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.28 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.18 | -14 | 92 | 35 | 22 |
Austin, TX | Medium | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.98 | -13 | 87 | 24 | 50 |
Bakersfield, CA | Medium | 0.50 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.81 | -2 | 19 | 31 | 33 |
Baltimore, MD | Large | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1 | 7 | 46 | 8 |
Baton Rouge, LA | Medium | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 9 | 1 | 32 | 32 |
Beaumont, TX | Small | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.79 | -8 | 67 | 23 | 56 |
Birmingham, AL | Medium | 0.59 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.92 | -8 | 67 | 33 | 26 |
Boise, ID | Small | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.96 | (R) 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.91 | -8 | 67 | 37 | 16 |
Boston, MA-NH-RI | Very large | 0.81 | 0.90 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 | -8 | 73 | 21 | 60 |
Boulder, CO | Small | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.87 | -4 | 37 | 14 | 79 |
Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY | Medium | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.17 | (R) 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.09 | -7 | 59 | 29 | 40 |
Brownsville, TX | Small | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.72 | 0.73 | -6 | 51 | 20 | 63 |
Buffalo, NY | Large | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.71 | (R) 0.70 | (R) 0.70 | (R) 0.71 | (R) 0.71 | (R) 0.70 | (R) 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.67 | -5 | 43 | 19 | 65 |
Cape Coral, FL | Small | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.26 | (R) 1.24 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 1.08 | -16 | 96 | 14 | 78 |
Charleston-North Charleston, SC | Medium | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 37 |
Charlotte, NC-SC | Large | 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.99 | -13 | 87 | 21 | 60 |
Chicago, IL-IN | Very large | 0.81 | 0.89 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.20 | (R) 1.22 | (R) 1.20 | (R) 1.23 | (R) 1.23 | (R) 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.16 | -2 | 21 | 35 | 23 |
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | Large | 0.66 | 0.74 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | -5 | 46 | 34 | 25 |
Cleveland, OH | Large | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.83 | -7 | 63 | 10 | 87 |
Colorado Springs, CO | Medium | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.80 | -5 | 43 | 30 | 34 |
Columbia, SC | Small | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.90 | -2 | 21 | 33 | 26 |
Columbus, OH | Large | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | -6 | 51 | 45 | 9 |
Corpus Christi, TX | Small | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.67 | -2 | 19 | 12 | 83 |
Dallas -Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | Very large | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.16 | -5 | 46 | 45 | 10 |
Dayton, OH | Medium | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.79 | -12 | 84 | -1 | 95 |
Denver-Aurora, CO | Large | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.09 | -7 | 59 | 27 | 44 |
Detroit, MI | Very large | 0.91 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.08 | -16 | 96 | 17 | 74 |
El Paso, TX-NM | Medium | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.79 | -10 | 81 | 19 | 65 |
Eugene, OR | Small | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.80 | -9 | 76 | 11 | 86 |
Fresno, CA | Medium | 0.68 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 2 | 6 | 27 | 46 |
Grand Rapids, MI | Medium | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.80 | -7 | 62 | 24 | 50 |
Greensboro, NC | Small | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.77 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.63 | -4 | 37 | 3 | 91 |
Hartford, CT | Medium | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.94 | (R) 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.88 | -4 | 37 | 30 | 34 |
Honolulu, HI | Medium | 0.82 | 0.88 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | (R) 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 0.96 | -11 | 83 | 14 | 79 |
Houston, TX | Very large | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | -3 | 29 | 16 | 75 |
Indianapolis, IN | Large | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 | -9 | 78 | 22 | 59 |
Indio-Cathedral City-Palm Springs, CA | Medium | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.93 | -1 | 15 | 13 | 82 |
Jackson, MS | Small | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.85 | -6 | 51 | 19 | 71 |
Jacksonville, FL | Medium | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 0.99 | -19 | 100 | 20 | 63 |
Kansas City, MO-KS | Large | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.74 | -5 | 46 | 21 | 60 |
Knoxville, TN | Small | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.06 | -1 | 16 | 27 | 45 |
Lancaster-Palmdale, CA | Medium | 1.13 | 1.12 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | (R) 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 1 | 7 | -18 | 100 |
Laredo, TX | Small | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.58 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 4 | 2 | 41 | 12 |
Las Vegas, NV | Large | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.32 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.13 | -23 | 101 | 44 | 11 |
Little Rock, AR | Small | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.84 | -9 | 78 | 30 | 37 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA | Very large | 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.57 | 1.56 | 1.54 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.54 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.54 | 1.54 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 1.58 | 1.57 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.55 | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.57 | -1 | 16 | 36 | 19 |
Louisville, KY-IN | Large | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.02 | -8 | 73 | 19 | 65 |
Madison, WI | Small | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.85 | (R) 0.84 | (R) 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 1 | 7 | -4 | 98 |
McAllen, TX | Medium | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.84 | (R) 0.84 | (R) 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.82 | -3 | 29 | 30 | 37 |
Memphis, TN-MS-AR | Large | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.86 | -6 | 51 | 12 | 83 |
Miami, FL | Very Large | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.26 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.38 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.35 | -3 | 25 | 59 | 2 |
Milwaukee, WI | Large | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | -5 | 43 | 25 | 49 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN | Large | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.02 | -14 | 90 | 37 | 16 |
Nashville-Davidson, TN | Large | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1 | 7 | 19 | 65 |
New Haven, CT | Medium | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.93 | -6 | 49 | 30 | 34 |
New Orleans, LA | Large | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.89 | -9 | 76 | 3 | 91 |
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT | Very large | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.11 | -3 | 25 | 38 | 15 |
Oklahoma City, OK | Medium | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.89 | (R) 0.89 | (R) 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.86 | -2 | 21 | 23 | 56 |
Omaha, NE-IA | Medium | 0.61 | 0.66 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.93 | (R) 0.91 | (R) 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.87 | -8 | 67 | 26 | 47 |
Orlando, FL | Large | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.07 | -16 | 96 | 35 | 21 |
Oxnard-Ventura, CA | Medium | 0.83 | 0.97 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.23 | (R) 1.25 | (R) 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.22 | -2 | 21 | 39 | 14 |
Pensacola, FL-AL | Small | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.86 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.93 | -17 | 99 | 22 | 58 |
Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD | Very large | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.10 | (R) 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.97 | -13 | 87 | 14 | 79 |
Phoenix, AZ | Very large | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.19 | 1.25 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.15 | -14 | 92 | 12 | 85 |
Pittsburgh, PA | Large | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.72 | 0.69 | -9 | 78 | 2 | 94 |
Portland, OR-WA | Large | 0.87 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.19 | (R) 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.10 | -5 | 42 | 23 | 55 |
Poughkeepsie-Newburgh, NY | Medium | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.90 | (R) 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.80 | 0.79 | -12 | 84 | -4 | 97 |
Providence, RI-MA | Large | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.94 | (R) 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.83 | -8 | 73 | 28 | 43 |
Provo, UT | Small | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.97 | -3 | 29 | -19 | 101 |
Raleigh-Durham, NC | Large | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | (R) 1.00 | (R) 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.96 | -6 | 51 | 33 | 28 |
Richmond, VA | Medium | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | -4 | 35 | 18 | 73 |
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA | Large | 0.76 | 0.89 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.36 | 1.43 | 1.45 | (R) 1.53 | (R) 1.56 | 1.53 | 1.49 | 1.46 | 1.39 | 1.41 | -15 | 95 | 65 | 1 |
Rochester, NY | Medium | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0 | 13 | 29 | 40 |
Sacramento, CA | Large | 0.75 | 0.88 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.30 | -3 | 29 | 55 | 3 |
Salem, OR | Small | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 | (R) 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.82 | -6 | 51 | 24 | 50 |
Salt Lake City, UT | Large | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0 | 13 | 29 | 40 |
San Antonio, TX | Large | 0.68 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.05 | -7 | 63 | 37 | 16 |
San Diego, CA | Very large | 0.83 | 0.93 | 1.23 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.28 | 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.42 | 1.41 | 1.39 | 1.37 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.30 | 1.32 | -7 | 59 | 49 | 4 |
San Francisco-Oakland, CA | Very large | 1.01 | 1.13 | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.29 | 1.31 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.36 | 1.38 | 1.35 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.41 | 1 | 7 | 40 | 13 |
San Jose, CA | Large | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.18 | 1.19 | 1.23 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.33 | (R) 1.34 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.35 | 1.37 | 2 | 3 | 34 | 24 |
San Juan, PR | Large | 0.69 | 0.73 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 2 | 3 | 48 | 7 |
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL | Medium | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.13 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.23 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.13 | -14 | 92 | 36 | 20 |
Seattle, WA | Very large | 0.84 | 0.94 | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.16 | (R) 1.13 | (R) 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.03 | -7 | 63 | 19 | 65 |
Spokane, WA | Small | 0.53 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.77 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.68 | -3 | 28 | 15 | 76 |
Springfield, MA-CT | Medium | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.79 | -4 | 35 | 19 | 65 |
St. Louis, MO-IL | Large | 0.84 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.83 | -6 | 51 | -1 | 95 |
Stockton, CA | Small | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.12 | -3 | 25 | 48 | 6 |
Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL | Large | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.26 | 1.27 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.22 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.19 | -10 | 82 | 15 | 77 |
Toledo, OH-MI | Medium | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.81 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.73 | -14 | 91 | 19 | 71 |
Tucson, AZ | Medium | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.10 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 1.13 | -4 | 37 | 24 | 54 |
Tulsa, OK | Medium | 0.62 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.81 | (R) 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.69 | -12 | 86 | 7 | 89 |
Virginia Beach, VA | Large | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.02 | (R) 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1 | 7 | 24 | 50 |
Washington, DC-VA-MD | Very large | 0.83 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.35 | (R) 1.35 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.32 | -3 | 29 | 49 | 4 |
Wichita, KS | Medium | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.52 | -4 | 37 | 3 | 91 |
Winston-Salem, NC | Small | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.76 | -8 | 67 | 6 | 90 |
Worcester, MA | Small | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.85 | (R) 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.77 | -6 | 49 | 9 | 88 |
439 Urban area averageb | 439 Areas | 0.69 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 | -4 | NA | 30 | NA |
101 Urban area averageb | 101 Areas | (R) 0.77 | (R) 0.84 | (R) 0.95 | (R) 0.96 | (R) 0.97 | (R) 0.98 | (R) 0.99 | (R) 1.02 | (R) 1.03 | (R) 1.05 | (R) 1.06 | (R) 1.08 | (R) 1.09 | (R) 1.10 | (R) 1.11 | (R) 1.11 | (R) 1.12 | (R) 1.12 | (R) 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.06 | -6 | NA | 29 | NA |
Very large area averageb | Very large | (R) 0.87 | (R) 0.95 | (R) 1.10 | (R) 1.10 | (R) 1.10 | (R) 1.11 | (R) 1.12 | (R) 1.14 | (R) 1.16 | (R) 1.17 | (R) 1.19 | (R) 1.21 | (R) 1.23 | (R) 1.24 | (R) 1.25 | (R) 1.26 | (R) 1.27 | (R) 1.27 | (R) 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | -6 | NA | 33 | NA |
Large area averageb | Large | (R) 0.72 | (R) 0.78 | (R) 0.87 | (R) 0.88 | (R) 0.89 | (R) 0.91 | (R) 0.93 | (R) 0.96 | (R) 0.97 | (R) 0.99 | (R) 1.00 | (R) 1.01 | (R) 1.03 | (R) 1.04 | (R) 1.05 | (R) 1.06 | (R) 1.06 | (R) 1.07 | (R) 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.99 | -7 | NA | 27 | NA |
Medium area averageb | Medium | (R) 0.63 | (R) 0.68 | (R) 0.76 | (R) 0.77 | (R) 0.79 | (R) 0.80 | (R) 0.82 | (R) 0.83 | (R) 0.85 | (R) 0.86 | (R) 0.87 | (R) 0.88 | (R) 0.88 | (R) 0.89 | (R) 0.90 | (R) 0.90 | (R) 0.91 | (R) 0.91 | (R) 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.86 | -6 | NA | 23 | NA |
Small area averageb | Small | (R) 0.63 | (R) 0.67 | (R) 0.73 | (R) 0.74 | (R) 0.75 | (R) 0.75 | (R) 0.76 | (R) 0.78 | (R) 0.80 | (R) 0.80 | (R) 0.81 | (R) 0.82 | (R) 0.83 | (R) 0.83 | (R) 0.84 | (R) 0.84 | (R) 0.86 | (R) 0.86 | (R) 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.81 | -6 | NA | 18 | NA |
KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised.
Very large urban areas – 3 million and over population.
Large urban areas – 1 million to less than 3 million population.
Medium urban areas – 500,000 to less than 1 million population.
Small urban areas – less than 500,000 population.
a Rank is based on the calculated point change with the highest number corresponding to a rank of 1.
b Average weighted by vehicle miles traveled in city.
NOTES
The Roadway Congestion Index (RCI) is a measure of vehicle travel density on major roadways in an urban area. An RCI exceeding 1.0 indicates an undesirable congestion level, on an average, on the freeways and principal arterial street systems during the peak period. The urban areas included are those containing over 500,000 people and several smaller places mostly chosen by previous sponsors of the Texas Transportation Institute study on mobility. Population group is based on 2010 population.
SOURCE
Texas Transportation Institute, Congestion Data for Your City, Excel spreadsheet of the base statistics for the 101 urban areas and population group summary statistics (College Station, TX: 2012), available at http://mobility.tamu.edu as of Feb. 6, 2013.