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Animal Welfare Assessment

This collaborative site has a special emphasis on the recognition and assessment of pain, as pain is an area that is frequently lacking from many animal welfare assessments and yet is often key when animal welfare problems arise. 

National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs).

This resource provides information about identifying welfare indicators, assessing and reporting actual severity, effective record keeping and review, and staff training.

National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs).

Changes in facial expression provide a reliable and rapid means of assessing pain in animals. NC3Rs provides training manuals, lists of references, and posters of grimace scales developed for the laboratory: