Search for Scientific Literature on Eye Irritation Testing
Click on the following resources for scientific literature about reduction, refinement or replacement (3Rs alternatives) in eye irritation testing.
Eye Safety Testing
Information on test methods that reliably identify substances with the potential to cause eye injury and that replace, reduce, and refine animal use.
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM).
A list of alternative safety testing methods that are accepted by U.S. and international regulatory authorities. These methods can significantly reduce animal use and improve animal welfare.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Updated testing approaches to determine the appropriate eye hazard classification and labeling for AMCPs (antimicrobial cleaning products). The testing scheme presented in this document can be used to satisfy the in vivo data requirement for eye irritation in 40CFR Part 158Wfor AMCPs.
USDA. ARS. National Agricultural Library.
The National Agricultural Library's Agricultural Thesaurus entry for "eye irritation tests" includes a list of related terms as well as links to simple keyword searches in Agricola and Google Scholar.
NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) and the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM).
The recommendations include protocols that describe how to use topical anesthetics and systemic analgesics prior to and after test article administration in order to avoid animal pain and distress. They also identify specific clinical signs and lesions that can be used as humane endpoints to allow the investigator to end a study early in order to alleviate animal pain and distress.
The National Toxicology Program - Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods
The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), on behalf of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM), announces the availability of this report that describes and evaluates four ocular toxicity test methods evaluated by ICCVAM.
Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM)
An ICCVAM recommendation to U.S. Federal agencies allows the identification of chemical eye hazards with fewer animals. ICCVAM concluded that using a classification criterion of one or more positive animals in a three-animal test maintains hazard classification equivalent to that provided by current procedures cited in 16 CFR 1500.42 while using 50% to 83% fewer animals. ICCVAM recommended consideration of this classification criterion with ocular toxicity testing procedures that use a maximum of three animals per test substance. Consistent with ICCVAM’s duty to foster interagency and international harmonization (42 U.S.C. 285l-3), this recommendation harmonized the number of animals used for ocular toxicity testing across U.S. regulatory agencies and international test guidelines.
The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods.
A November 2005 report on the utility of four in vitro ocular toxicity test methods.