Juvenile sablefish with electronic sensor reward tag.

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has been tagging and releasing sablefish in Alaska waters since 1972. In that time, approximately 360,000 tags have been released and over 34,000 have been recovered. Tagging effort in Alaska has been centered in three main areas: 1) adult sablefish in offshore waters of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), Bering Sea (BS), and Aleutian Islands (AI); 2) adult sablefish in the inside waters of Chatham and Clarence Straits; and 3) juvenile sablefish in southeast Alaska.

Offshore Waters: Almost all GOA, BS, and AI tags have been released during annual sablefish longline surveys. During the years of the Japan-U.S. Cooperative Longline Survey (1978-94), all tagging was done aboard Japanese vessels by Japanese and U.S. scientists working together. The NMFS annual Domestic Longline Survey began in 1987 and replaced the Cooperative Survey in 1995. Since 1997, tagging in offshore waters has been done aboard chartered commercial vessels during the NMFS annual Domestic Longline Survey.

Triangles represent longline survey stations where fish are tagged and released

Inside Waters: Most of the nearly 65,000 tags released by NMFS in Chatham and Clarence Straits in the Alexander Archipelago have been released from various NOAA research vessels, including the NOAA ships John N. Cobb and Townsend Cromwell. The State of Alaska has jurisdiction over fisheries in these waters, and many of the tag releases were made in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game.

Juvenile Sablefish: Juvenile sablefish in southeast Alaska make up a third group of NMFS tag releases. Beginning in 1985, juvenile sablefish were tagged and released in a number of bays and inlets in southeast Alaska, ranging from Ketchikan to Juneau. Most of these fish were tagged from the NOAA ships John N. Cobb and Murre II or from docks in Sitka, Ketchikan, and Juneau. Nearly 35,000 juvenile sablefish have been tagged and released to date.

Recoveries of known-age tagged juveniles by recovery size and recovery area, recovered 0 – 2 years following release (top left panel), recovered 3 – 4 years following release (top right panel), recovered 5 – 6 years following release (bottom left panel), and recovered 7+ years following release (bottom right panel). BC = British Columbia, EGOA = Eastern Gulf of Alaska (GOA), CGOA = Central GOA, WGOA = Western GOA, AI = Aleutian Islands, and BS = Bering Sea. Size 1 = 41-56 cm, size 2 = 57-66 cm, and size 3 >66 cm.

Other Studies: Other recent tagging studies include electronic tagging of adult sablefish, electronic tagging of juvenile sablefish in southeast Alaska, tagging of adult sablefish with pop-off satellite tags, and tagging of sablefish on Gulf of Alaska seamounts.

	Stapling the incision site after inserting an electronic archival tag in a juvenile sablefish
Picture of a pop-off satellite tag on an adult sablefish	An electronic archival tag and a pencil pointing to the location of insertion on a juvenile sablefish

Data: Tag release and recovery data are stored in the NMFS Alaska Sablefish Tag Database. Analysis of tag data is the primary method used to study sablefish movements. The results show that sablefish are highly migratory for at least part of their lives, and their movement rates are great enough to affect the amount of fish available for harvest in an area. Although the results of the longline survey are the main data used to determine sablefish quotas, tag data provide complementary information that has been used to augment the data from the longline survey. Tag data have also been used to validate otolith aging and to help determine the age of recruitment into the fishery.

Migration: Several tagging studies have shown sablefish to be highly migratory for at least part of their life cycle, with the pattern of movement related to fish size. Young sablefish routinely undertake migrations of a thousand miles or more, and older fish commonly travel the same distance on a return journey. In general, these studies show that small fish in the eastern areas of the GOA travel north and westward from their release sites and large fish tagged in the western areas of the GOA move eastward. Large fish tagged in the eastern areas of the GOA have a tendency to remain there. The stages of sablefish migration coincide with the stages of maturity: small fish moving west are young and immature and large fish returning eastward are older and mature. During the migration, younger fish, which have come from shallow inshore waters, move further out on the continental shelf and eventually end up as adults in the deeper waters of the continental slope where spawning takes place.

The basic migration pattern of sablefish in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Young, immature fish travel north and west from inshore nursery areas in Canada and the Eastern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) to the Western GOA, Bering Sea, and Aleutian Islands. Older, mature fish move offshore and return eastward.

Tag Rewards: A reward (usually a baseball cap or a T-shirt) is offered for the return of a tag. In addition, each tag is entered in the annual cash prize drawing with prizes ranging from $250 to $1000.

Tags may be yellow, red, or orange and are usually located below the first dorsal fin on the left side of the fish. Please send tags with as much of the following information as possible:

Name of Vessel Location of recovery Fork length (from tip of snout to fork in tail) Depth fished	Date of recovery Sex of the fish Round weight Type of gear
A reward and information on the history of the fish will be sent for each tag returned to:
	Sablefish Tag Program NOAA/NMFS Auke Bay Laboratories 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd. Juneau, AK 99801

Contact:
Katy Echave
Auke Bay Laboratories
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries

Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute
17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd
Juneau AK 99801
Katy.Echave@noaa.gov