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Frequently Asked Questions
A. OES data overview
- What does the OES program produce?
The OES program produces employment and wage estimates for over 800
occupations. These are estimates of the number of jobs in certain
occupations, and estimates of the wages paid to them. These estimates
are available for the nation as a whole, for individual States, and for
metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), metropolitan divisions, and
nonmetropolitan areas; national occupational estimates for specific
industries are also available.
- What are the OES data used for?
The OES program is the only comprehensive source of regularly
produced occupational employment and wage rate information for the U.S.
economy, as well as States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico,
the U.S. Virgin Islands, and all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas
in each State.
Occupational employment data are used to develop information
regarding current and projected employment needs and job opportunities.
This information is used in the production of State education and
workforce development plans. These data enable the analysis of the
occupational composition of different industries, and the comparison of
occupational composition across States and local areas, including
analysis for economic development purposes. OES employment estimates
also are used as job placement aids by helping to identify industries
that employ the skills gained by enrollees in career-technical training
programs. In addition, OES survey data serve as primary inputs into
occupational information systems designed for those who are exploring
career opportunities or assisting others in career decision making.
OES data are used by several other BLS and government programs, such
as the BLS Employment
Projections program, the Employment and Training Administration (ETA), and the
Employment Standards Administration (ESA). OES data are used to
establish the fixed employment weights for the Employment Cost
Index and in the calculation of occupational rates for the Survey of
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. Wage data also are provided to
ETA's Foreign Labor Certification program for use in administering the
H1-B visa program.
Employment and wage data for detailed science, engineering,
mathematical, and other occupations are provided to the National Science
Foundation, along with the complete staffing patterns for all
industries.
Occupational wage data are used by job seekers and employers to
determine salary ranges for different occupations in different locations
and in different industries. OES employment and wage data also can be
found in ETA's CareerOneStop.
Many users of OES data use data provided by the State Labor Market Information programs. OES data are
used by workforce investment boards and economic development programs to
attract businesses. The data provide information on labor availability
by occupation as well as average wages. OES is frequently cited as the
most popular labor market information program within States.
Finally, employment and wage data are used by academic and government
researchers to study labor markets and wage and employment trends. These
data inform the so-called "good-jobs/bad-jobs" debate on how business
cycles and structural economic change affect wages and employment across
the range of occupations; and how many and what types of jobs are
impacted by off-shore outsourcing. Currently, OES staffing patterns and
wage data are being used by MedPAC in research to improve the
calculation of Medicare reimbursement rates.
- What is the difference between industry-specific and
cross-industry estimates?
Industry-specific estimates
-
- Calculated with data collected from establishments in
one particular industry.
-
- Since different industries employ people in different
occupations, the occupations in the staffing pattern for a
particular industry will not be the same as the occupations in the
staffing pattern for another industry.
-
- Available at the national level; research estimates available at
the state level.
Cross-industry estimates
-
- Calculated with data collected from establishments in
all the industries for which a particular
occupation is reported.
-
- Not every occupation is reported in every industry.
-
- For example, the cross-industry occupational employment estimate
for mechanical engineers is the sum of all the industry-specific
estimates for mechanical engineers. Likewise, cross-industry
occupational wage estimates for mechanical engineers are calculated
from data collected from establishments in all the industries where
mechanical engineers are reported.
-
- Available at the national, state, and metropolitan area levels.
- Why does the OES program produce estimates from more than one
year's data?
Significant reductions in sampling error can be achieved by taking
advantage of a full three years of data, covering 1.2 million
establishments and about 57 percent of the employment in the United
States. This feature is particularly important in improving the
reliability of estimates for detailed occupations in small geographical
areas. Combining multiple years of data is also necessary to obtain full
coverage of the largest establishments. In order to reduce respondent
burden, the OES survey samples these establishments with virtual
certainty only once every three years. While there are significant
advantages, there are also limitations associated with this estimation
procedure in that it requires "updating" for the earlier years of data
and limits the usefulness of OES data for time series analysis. (See Can OES data be used to compare changes in employment and
wages over time? for more information.)
The May 2015 employment and wage estimates were calculated using data
collected in the May 2015, November 2014, May 2014, November 2013, May
2013, and November 2012 semi-annual panels. The older panels' wage data
have been adjusted to the May 2015 reference period using the
over-the-year wage change in the most applicable Employment Cost Index
series. The employment from the six panels has been benchmarked to the
average of the November 2014 and May 2015 employment in each industry
cell.
- How is the OES survey conducted?
The OES survey is a semi-annual mail survey of non-farm
establishments. The BLS produces the survey materials and selects the
establishments to be surveyed. The sampling frame (the list from which
establishments to be surveyed are selected) is derived from the list of
establishments maintained by State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) for
unemployment insurance purposes. Establishments to be surveyed are
selected in order to obtain data from every metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan area in every State, across all surveyed industries, and
from establishments of varying sizes. The SWAs mail the survey materials
to the selected establishments and make follow-up calls to request data
from nonrespondents or to clarify data. The collected data are used to
produce occupational estimates at the National, State, and sub-State
levels.
- When will this year's OES estimates be available?
Estimates are generally released in late March or early April. Please
check the OES homepage around that
time for a scheduled release date.
B. Data we have
- Does OES have estimates for specific industries?
Yes. The table in Where can OES estimates be found? shows where to
find OES estimates, including national industry-specific occupational
employment and wage estimates. For more information on the industry
classification system used by OES, please see What is the NAICS?
Industry data is generally only available at the national level.
However, beginning with the May 2012 estimates, the OES program has made
some industry-specific OES estimates for individual States available for
research purposes. Please see the OES
Research Estimates page for more information.
- Does OES have estimates for individual States?
Yes. The table in Where can OES estimates be found? shows where to
find OES estimates, including cross-industry occupational employment and
wage estimates for individual States.
- Does OES have estimates for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
areas?
Yes. The table in Where can OES
estimates be found? shows where to find OES estimates,
including cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.
OES has data for nearly 600 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas,
including 394 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and 38 metropolitan
divisions which make up 11 of the MSAs. Please note, however, that not
all areas have information for all occupations. In New England, areas
are defined based on New England City and Town Areas (NECTA). A listing
of the areas and their definitions can be found on the MSA definitions
page.
C. Data we do not have
- Does OES produce estimates by age, race, sex, education, or any
other demographic characteristics?
No. The OES survey does not gather demographic
information. The BLS Current Population Survey
program provides information on employment, unemployment, and weekly
earnings by a variety of demographic characteristics.
- Does OES produce estimates by size of establishment?
No. The OES survey does not produce estimates based
on total establishment employment. Information pertaining to the number
of establishments in various employment size classes and their aggregate
employment (economy wide and by industry) can be obtained by contacting
the staff at the Quarterly Census of Employment &
Wages program.
- Does OES have any data on unemployment for specific
occupations?
No. The OES survey is an occupational employment and
wage survey only. Information on selected unemployment indicators
(including broad occupational groups) can be found in "The Employment
Situation" news release from the BLS Current Population
Survey.
- Does OES have any information on job vacancies?
No. The OES survey does not ask establishments for
vacancy information. Another BLS program, the Job
Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS), asks establishments for
the number of job openings on the last business day of each month.
However, the data are not available by occupation. Job seekers can find
links to State job banks and to private-sector job banks at www.jobbankinfo.org.
- Does OES have occupational employment projections or information
on occupational outlook?
No. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Office of Employment Projections provides 10-year
employment projections by occupation. For more than 50 years, the
Bureau's Occupational Outlook Handbook has been a
nationally recognized source of career information. It describes what
workers do on the job, working conditions, the training and education
needed, wages from the OES survey, and expected job prospects for a
variety of occupations.
- Does OES have occupational employment estimates that include the
self-employed?
No. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Office of Employment Projections provides current and
projected national economy-wide occupational employment estimates that
include the self-employed.
- Are OES industry and public/private ownership data available
beyond the national level--for states and metropolitan / nonmetropolitan
areas?
No. BLS publishes estimates by industry and
public/private ownership type at the national level only. Some
industry-specific OES estimates for individual States, however, are
available for research purposes; please see the OES
Research Estimates page for more information.
- Do the OES wage estimates include benefits?
No. OES wage estimates represent wages and salaries
only, and do not include nonproduction bonuses or employer costs of
nonwage benefits, such as health insurance or employer contributions to
retirement plans. Information on cost of benefits, benefit incidence,
and detailed plan provisions is available from the National Compensation Survey
program.
D. Definitions, concepts, and
classifications
- What is the difference between an establishment, an industry,
and an occupation?
An establishment is the physical location of a
certain economic activity, for example, a factory, mine, store, or
office. Generally a single establishment produces a single good or
provides a single service. An enterprise (a private firm, government, or
nonprofit organization) could consist of a single establishment or
multiple establishments. A multi-establishment enterprise could have all
its establishments in one industry (i.e., a chain), or could have
various establishments in different industries (i.e., a
conglomerate).
An industry is a group of establishments that
produce similar products or provide similar services. For example, all
establishments that manufacture automobiles are in the same industry. A
given industry, or even a particular establishment in that industry,
might have employees in dozens of occupations. The North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS) groups similar establishments
into industries. What is the NAICS?
An occupation is a set of activities or tasks that
employees are paid to perform. Employees that perform essentially the
same tasks are in the same occupation, whether or not they are in the
same industry. Some occupations are concentrated in a few industries,
while other occupations are found in the majority of
industries.
- How are "employees" defined by the OES survey?
"Employees" are all part-time and full-time workers who are paid a
wage or salary. The survey does not cover the self-employed, owners and
partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
- How are "wages" defined by the OES survey?
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay.
The following are included in the
collection of OES wage data:
The following are excluded from the
collection of OES wage data:
- What are mean wages? What are median wages?
The OES program produces estimates of wages by occupation, i.e., the
wages paid to wage or salary employees in a given occupation in the
U.S., in a particular State, or in a particular industry. These
occupational wage estimates are either estimates of mean wages or
percentiles, such as the median wage.
- A mean wage is an average wage. An occupational
mean wage estimate is calculated by summing the wages of all the
employees in a given occupation and then dividing the total wages by
the number of employees.
- A percentile wage is a boundary. For example, an
occupational median wage (50th percentile) estimate is the boundary
between the highest paid 50 percent and the lowest paid 50 percent of
workers in that occupation. Half of the workers in a given occupation
earn more than the median wage, and half the workers earn less than
the median wage. For more information, see the page on percentiles.
- How does OES classify occupations?
In 1999, the OES survey began using the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. The May 2010 OES estimates mark the
first set of estimates based, in part, on data collected for the 2010
Standard Occupational Classification system. Most occupations in this
release are 2010 occupations. In some cases, however, an estimate for a
temporary occupation was created from data reported for one or more
occupations in the 2000 SOC combined with data reported for one or more
2010 SOC occupations. Some occupations have the same title as a 2010 SOC
occupation, but not the same content. These occupations are marked with
an asterisk (*) and given a temporary code for the OES data. Starting
with the May 2012 data, the OES data reflects the full set of detailed
occupations in the 2010 SOC. The detailed SOC occupations are allocated
among these twenty-three major groups:
- 11-0000 Management Occupations
- 13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations
- 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations
- 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations
- 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
- 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations
- 23-0000 Legal Occupations
- 25-0000 Education, Training and Library Occupations
- 27-0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations
- 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations
- 31-0000 Healthcare Support Occupations
- 33-0000 Protective Service Occupations
- 35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
- 37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
- 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations
- 41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations
- 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations
- 45-0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations
- 47-0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations
- 49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations
- 51-0000 Production Occupations
- 53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations
- 55-0000 Military Specific Occupations (not surveyed in OES)
More information about the Standard Occupational Classification
system, including the full SOC structure, is available from the BLS SOC page. Detailed information on using the SOC to
classify occupations can be found in the SOC
User Guide.
- Is the OES classification system compatible with other
occupational classification systems?
Yes. OES uses the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system, which was designed to be used by all
Federal statistical agencies reporting occupational data. The SOC is
fully compatible with the occupational classifications used by the U.S.
Bureau of the Census and O*NET. The U.S. Census Bureau provides a number of SOC-related crosswalks, including
that of Census Occupational Classification to SOC, and for mapping older
versions of the SOC to newer versions. The National Crosswalk Service
Center provides
crosswalks between the SOC and other systems, including O*NET,
Military Occupational Classification (MOC), and the OES classification
system used before 1999.
- What is the latest news about the 2018 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) revision?
- How does the OES program define industry classifications? What
is the NAICS? What do the "OES designations" for government industries
mean?
The OES program uses definitions of industries found in the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The NAICS is used
throughout the Federal Government to group establishments into
industries based on the goods or services they produce. The NAICS structure makes it possible to
collect and calculate establishment data by broad industrial sectors,
subsectors (3-digit NAICS levels), industry groups (4-digit NAICS
levels), and NAICS industries (5- and 6-digit NAICS levels).
The OES survey produces occupational employment and wage estimates
for sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit NAICS levels. With the
exception of schools, hospitals, gambling establishments, and casino
hotels, industry-specific estimates only include privately owned
establishments. Schools and hospitals that are owned by State and local
governments are included with the estimates of privately owned schools
and hospitals in the appropriate NAICS code. Beginning with the May 2014
estimates, gambling establishments and casino hotels owned by local
governments are included with privately owned establishments in NAICS
7132 Gambling Industries and 72112 Casino Hotels. In the May 2013 and
earlier estimates, gambling establishments and casino hotels owned by
local government were included as part of industry code 9993 Local
Government. OES classifies most government-owned establishments
differently from the NAICS. The NAICS classifies government
establishments according to their primary function and includes detailed
industries within sector 92 Public Administration. The OES does not use
NAICS sector 92. Instead, the OES survey produces occupational
employment and wage estimates at the Federal, State, and local
Government levels and denotes them with industry codes 9991, 9992, and
9993, respectively. The State and local government data (NAICS 9992 and
9993) consist of all State and local government establishments, except
schools, hospitals, and local government gambling establishments and
casino hotels. State and local government data including schools,
hospitals, and local government gambling establishments and casino
hotels are also available as part of the cross-industry ownership
estimates. Estimates for schools and hospitals are available for
private, state, and local government ownerships combined, as well as by
individual ownership types. The Federal Government estimates consist of
all establishments in the executive branch of the Federal Government.
Beginning in 2010, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) data is included in
the Federal Government estimates as well. The judicial and legislative
branches of the Federal Government are not surveyed.
For more information on the availability and classification of
public/private ownership data, please see What type of public/private ownership data does OES
have?
- What industries are surveyed? What industries are not
surveyed?
The OES survey collects occupational employment and wage data from
establishments in nonfarm industries only, and produces estimates for
the following sectors, or 2-digit industries, and the 3-, 4-, and
selected 5- and 6-digit industries that comprise them.
Industries surveyed (by sector):
- Sector 11 - Forestry and Logging (NAICS 1133 Logging, 1151 Support
Activities for Crop Production, and 1152 Support Activities for Animal
Production only)
- Sector 21 - Mining
- Sector 22 - Utilities
- Sector 23 - Construction
- Sectors 31, 32, and 33 - Manufacturing
- Sector 42 - Wholesale Trade
- Sectors 44 and 45 - Retail Trade
- Sectors 48 and 49 - Transportation and Warehousing
- Sector 51 - Information
- Sector 52 - Finance and Insurance
- Sector 53 - Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
- Sector 54 - Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
- Sector 55 - Management of Companies and Enterprises
- Sector 56 - Administrative and Support and Waste Management and
Remediation Services
- Sector 61 - Educational Services
- Sector 62 - Health Care and Social Assistance
- Sector 71 - Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
- Sector 72 - Accommodation and Food Services
- Sector 81 - Other Services (except Federal, State, and Local
Government)
- Sector 99 - Federal, State, and Local Government, excluding state
and local schools and hospitals, and the US Postal Service (OES
Designation)
Industries NOT surveyed:
- NAICS 111 - Crop Production
- NAICS 112 - Animal Production
- NAICS 1131 - Timber Tract Operations
- NAICS 1132 - Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products
- NAICS 114 - Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping
- NAICS 1153 - Support Activities for Forestry
- NAICS 814 - Private Households
For statistics on the U.S. agricultural sector, please visit the
United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural
Statistics Service program website.
- What is a Location Quotient?
In general, a location quotient (LQ) is a ratio that compares the
concentration of a resource or activity--employment, for example--in a
defined area to that of a larger area or base. Using OES data, LQs can
be used to compare local area occupational employment in a metropolitan
statistical area or State to that of the nation as a whole. LQs greater
(less) than one indicate a local concentration of employment that is
higher (lower) than that of the U.S. as a whole.
Location Quotient =
(Area occupational employment / Area total employment)
(U.S. occupational employment / U.S. total
employment)
- Where can Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Definitions be
found?
The most recent Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan area definitions are
available here.
- What is the SOC?
The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system is used by Federal statistical agencies to classify workers and
jobs into occupational categories for the purpose of collecting,
calculating, analyzing, or disseminating data. The 2010 SOC system
contains 840 detailed occupations, aggregated into 461 broad
occupations. In turn, the SOC combines these 461 broad occupations into
97 minor groups and 23 major
groups.
An alphabetical list of 2010 SOC definitions is available here.
- How are workers classified into occupations under the Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) system? Can the OES program provide classification determinations for non-statistical purposes, such as prevailing wages?
The OES program at the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is often asked about coding occupations for reasons that are not statistical in nature, such as for prevailing wage determinations. The SOC was developed for use by federal statistical agencies to classify workers into occupational categories for the specific purpose of producing statistical data. The OES staff can provide guidance that is in accordance with the 2010 SOC Classification Principles and Coding Guidelines. However, this guidance is solely to help users of statistical data find workers who perform a specific set of work activities or to help statistical data collectors. The OES program cannot make official classification determinations for non-statistical purposes, such as prevailing wages. It is up to customers using the SOC for non-statistical purposes to review the detailed definitions for the SOC codes and determine the best match, in light of their own program and policy purposes. Such users are not limited to following the SOC classification principles and guidelines used by federal statistical agencies. For example, users may develop their own policies concerning workers that meet the definition of two or more occupations.
Under the SOC, workers are classified into occupations based on their job duties, not their job titles. Workers with the same title may be classified in different occupations, based on their individual job duties. For example, the title "project manager" is so broad that it could fit into multiple SOC occupations, and more information about job duties would be needed to assign a code.
The best way to proceed is to look at the various definitions for the SOC codes and determine which best matches the work being performed. All of the 2010 SOC codes are available online at http://www.bls.gov/soc/major_groups.htm. Clicking on the desired major group will show the various minor groups, broad occupations, and detailed occupations that make up the major group. Definitions are available only at the detailed occupation level, which is indicated by a code ending in a number other than 0. Workers who perform activities not described in any distinct detailed occupation are included in an appropriate residual ("all other") occupation. The residual occupations appear as the last occupation in a group and end in the number 9.
More information on using the SOC to classify workers can be found in the 2010 SOC Classification Principles and Coding Guidelines. The Classification Principles form the basis on which the SOC system is structured. The Coding Guidelines are intended to assist users in the federal statistical agencies in consistently assigning SOC codes and titles to survey responses and in other coding activities.
Warranting specific mention are Classification Principles 1 and 2, as well as Coding Guideline 2. Classification Principle 1 states that "Each occupation is assigned to only one occupational category at the lowest level of the classification." Classification Principle 2 states that "Occupations are classified based on work performed and, in some cases, on the skills, education, and/or training needed to perform the work at a competent level." Coding Guideline 2 states that "When workers in a single job could be coded in more than one occupation, they should be coded in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill. If there is no measurable difference in skill requirements, workers should be coded in the occupation in which they spend the most time." The full list of 2010 SOC classification principles and coding guidelines are available on the SOC website at: http://www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm.
Please also keep in mind that the SOC was not designed for non-statistical purposes. Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) number 13 found within the 2010 SOC User Guide states the following:
The 2010 SOC was designed solely for statistical purposes. Although it is likely that the 2010 SOC also will be used for various non-statistical purposes (e.g., for administrative, regulatory, or taxation functions), the requirements of government agencies or private users that choose to use the 2010 SOC for non-statistical purposes have played no role in its development, nor will OMB modify the classification to meet the requirements of any non-statistical program.
Consequently, the 2010 SOC is not to be used in any administrative, regulatory, or tax program unless the head of the agency administering that program has first determined that the use of such occupational definitions is appropriate to the implementation of the program's objectives.
E. How to get OES data
- Where can OES estimates be found?
All OES data 1988 - present can be found here.
Please see the table below for a summary of data availability by data
type.
- Are OES estimates available in print form?
No. Hard copies of OES estimates are not available.
All pages on the BLS website, including OES estimates pages, however,
can be converted to a printable format by clicking on the print button
near the top right corner of the page. In addition, a variety of OES publications are available in
PDF format.
- What are the different ways to obtain OES estimates from this
website?
OES data can be obtained in three ways, each having its own unique
advantages and disadvantages:
- Browsing HTML tables
- Using the database query tool
- Downloading Excel spreadsheets
HTML tables Navigate to the OES Data page and click on the "HTML" links
according to your desired level of analysis.
Advantages:
- Fastest and most convenient way to access OES data.
- Provide an overview of the estimates produced by the OES survey.
- Links within each HTML page that provide access to additional
information.
Disadvantages:
- Data selections are not customizable.
- Not all data variables produced by the OES survey (such as percentile wages) are displayed.
Database query tool Navigate to the OES Query System, then choose the
appropriate specifications. The resulting table can be viewed in either
HTML or Microsoft Excel format.
Advantages:
- Highly customizable; provides fast answers to specific questions
without having to look through large tables or spreadsheets.
- Ability to select data according occupations, industries,
geographic areas, and data variables.
Disadvantages:
- Only most recent year of data is available.
- Not all data variables produced by OES are available.
Downloading the Data Navigate to the OES Data page and click on the "XLS" links to
download Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files.
Advantages:
- The only way to comprehensively access all available OES data
(all years, all data variables).
Disadvantages:
- The sheer wealth of information may overwhelm some data users.
As such, this format is recommended for users who would like to use
the OES data in order to make calculations or conduct economic
research.
- Are OES data available for previous years?
Yes. The OES survey began in 1997, and data is
available annually for 1997 - present. No data is available for 1996.
Limited data from an older version of the survey is available for 1988 -
1995. All years of OES data are available here. Please see the descriptive paragraphs
below for more information on the limitations of the older data.
NOTE: If you are using OES data from previous
years, please be sure to read Can OES data be used to compare changes in employment or
wages over time? before conducting any
analyses.
State data
- 1997 - present
-
- Cross-industry data available
- 1988 - 1995
-
- No OES data available
-
- Check with State workforce
agencies for possible datasets.
Metropolitan area data
- 2015
-
- Cross-industry data available based on Office of Management and
Budget's revised metropolitan
area definitions, based on the results of the 2010 decennial
census
-
- An Excel file with all
counties and towns listed in each area is also available.
- 2005 - 2014
-
- Cross-industry data available based on Office of Management and
Budget's metropolitan area
definitions, based on the results of the 2000 decennial census
-
- An Excel file with all
counties and towns listed in each area is also available.
- 1997 - 2004
-
- Cross-industry data available based on Office of Management and
Budget's old metropolitan area
definitions
- 1988 - 1995
-
- No OES data available
-
- Check with State workforce
agencies for possible datasets.
Nonmetropolitan area data
- 2006 - present
-
- Cross-industry data available
- 1988 - 1995
-
- No OES data available
-
- Check with State workforce
agencies for possible datasets.
Ownership data
Occupation data
- 2010 - present
-
- 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system in use.
- 1999 - 2009
-
- 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system in use.
- 1988 - 1998
-
- OES proprietary occupational classification system in use.
Industry data
- 2012 - present
-
- 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in
use.
-
- Data available by sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit
NAICS levels.
- 2008 - 2011
-
- 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in
use.
-
- Data available by sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit
NAICS levels.
-
- Most significant revisions from 2002 NAICS in the Information
Sector, particularly within NAICS 517000 - Telecommunications.
- 2002 - 2007
-
- 2002 NAICS in use.
-
- Sector and 3-digit NAICS levels not available for 2002.
- 1997 - 2001
-
- Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in use.
-
- 2-digit and 3-digit SIC levels available.
- 1988 - 1995
-
- 2-digit and 3-digit SIC levels available
-
- Data for each industry available once every three years.
-
- Do not include: wage estimates; State, metropolitan, or
nonmetropolitan area data; or total national employment by
occupation.
-
- Not possible to calculate total national employment for a given
occupation by summing across industries.
-
- Useful mainly to data users interested in occupational staffing
patterns for specific industries.
-
- Please see table below for a list of industries available
Industries available, 1988 - 1995 OES estimates
| INDUSTRY |
1987 SIC CODE |
YEARS
AVAILABLE |
| Agricultural services |
07 |
1992, 1995 |
| Mining |
10-14 |
1990, 1993 |
| Construction |
15-17 |
1990, 1993 |
| Manufacturing |
20-39 |
1989, 1992, 1995 |
| Transportation and public utilities
|
40-49 |
1988, 1991, 1994 |
| Wholesale trade |
50-51 |
1988, 1991, 1994 |
| Retail trade |
52-59 |
1988, 1991, 1994 |
| Finance, insurance, and real estate
|
60-67 |
1990, 1993 |
| Services (includes health care,
except hospitals) |
70-87, 89 |
1990, 1993 |
| Hospitals |
806 |
1989, 1992, 1995 |
| Educational services |
82 |
1988, 1991, 1994 |
| State government |
- |
1988, 1991, 1994 |
| Local government |
- |
1988, 1991, 1994
|
F. Other important information about OES
data
- Can OES data be used to compare changes in employment or wages
over time?
Although the OES survey methodology is designed to create detailed
cross-sectional employment and wage estimates for the U.S., States,
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, across industry and by industry,
it is less useful for comparisons of two or more points in time.
Challenges in using OES data as a time series include changes in the
occupational, industrial, and geographical classification systems,
changes in the way data are collected, changes in the survey reference
period, and changes in mean wage estimation methodology, as well as
permanent features of the methodology.
Changes in occupational classification The OES
survey used its own occupational classification system through 1998. The
1999 OES survey data provide estimates for most of the nonresidual
occupations in the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. The 2004-2009 OES data provides estimates for all occupations in
the 2000 SOC. The May 2010 data provides estimates for most occupations
in the 2010 SOC (for more on the 2010 occupations, see below). Because of these changes, it may be difficult to
compare some occupations even if they are found in both classification
systems. For example, both the old OES system and the 2000 SOC include
the occupation "computer programmers." However, estimates for this
occupation may not be comparable over time because the 2000 SOC has
several computer-related occupations that were not included in the older
classification system. Workers in newly classified occupations, such as
systems software engineers and applications software engineers, may have
been reported as computer programmers in the past. Therefore, even
occupations that appear the same in the two systems may show employment
shifts due to the addition or deletion of related occupations.
Changes in industrial classification In 2002, the
OES survey switched from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). As
a result, there were changes in many industry definitions. Even
definitions that appear similar between the two industry classifications
may have differences because of the way auxiliary establishments are
treated. For example, under SIC the industry "grocery stores" included
their retail establishments, warehouses, transportation facilities, and
administrative headquarters. Under NAICS, the four establishment types
would be reported in separate industries. Only the retail establishments
would be included in the NAICS industry for "grocery stores." The change
in industrial classification also resulted in changes to the occupations
listed on the survey form for a given industry. In 2008, the OES survey
switched to the 2007 NAICS classification system from the 2002 NAICS.
The most significant revisions are in the Information Sector,
particularly within the Telecommunications area. Beginning in 2010,
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) data is included in the Federal
Government estimates.
Changes in geographical classification Beginning
with the May 2015 estimates, the OES program has implemented redefined
metropolitan area definitions, as designated by the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB) and based on the results of the 2010 decennial census.
As of May 2015, OES data are available for 394 metropolitan areas, 38
metropolitan divisions that make up 11 of the metropolitan areas, and
167 OES-defined nonmetropolitan areas. Prior to implementing the new
area definitions, OES data were available for 380 metropolitan areas, 34
metropolitan divisions, and 172 OES-defined nonmetropolitan areas.
In May 2005, the OES survey began using metropolitan area definitions
based on the results of the 2000 decennial census. Prior to 2005, OES
had data for 334 metropolitan areas. Data for nonmetropolitan areas are
not available before May 2006.
In between the major revisions in May 2005 and May 2015, additional
changes to the metropolitan area definitions may have been designated by
OMB and implemented by OES. When revised metropolitan area definitions
are implemented, the specific geographic composition of existing
metropolitan areas may change. (For example, additional counties may be
incorporated into an existing area.) Therefore, even if a given
metropolitan area is present under both sets of definitions, data for
that area may not be directly comparable before and after the
revision.
Changes in the way the data are collected In the
past, employment in some occupations in an industry may have been
reported in a residual category rather than in the specific occupation.
In order to limit the length of most survey forms to 24 pages, the forms
list only the occupations that are likely to be found in the employer's
industry. Prior to 2001, if an employer had an occupation that was not
included on the form, the respondent may have reported the worker in an
"all other" or residual category or in a related occupation. Currently,
the employer is asked to report detailed occupational information for
workers that cannot be placed in one of the occupations listed on the
form on a separate page. This change may have the effect of showing
increased employment in occupations not on the form for a particular
industry. In addition, changes to the occupations listed on forms may
cause employers to classify workers differently.
Changes in the survey reference period In 2002, the
reference months for the OES survey were changed from October, November,
and December to May and November in order to reduce seasonal influences.
Industries or occupations that have seasonal employment variations
between the two sets of reference months will show employment shifts due
to the change in the time of year the data were collected.
Changes in mean wage estimation methodology In 2002,
the method of calculating mean wages was changed for occupations with
any workers earning above $70 per hour in order to remove a downward
bias in mean wage estimates. The result of this change may be seen as
higher mean wage estimates for some occupations. However, the median and
percentile wage estimates would not be affected by this change.
Permanent features of OES methodology The OES
methodology that allows such detailed area and industry estimates also
makes it difficult to use OES data for comparisons across short time
periods. In order to produce estimates for a given reference period,
employment and wages are collected from establishments in six semiannual
panels for three consecutive years. Every six months, a new panel of
data is added, and the oldest panel is dropped, resulting in a moving
average staffing pattern. The three years of employment data are
benchmarked to represent the total employment for the reference period.
The wages of the older data are adjusted by the Employment Cost Index.
This methodology assumes that industry staffing patterns change slowly
and that detailed occupational wage rates in an area change at the same
rate as the national change in the ECI wage component for the
occupational group.
The use of six data panels to create a set of estimates means that
sudden changes in occupational employment or wages in the population or
changes in methodology show up in the OES estimates gradually.
Given the above changes, it is difficult to make conclusive
comparisons of OES data over time. However, comparisons of occupations
that are not affected by classification changes may be possible if the
methodological assumptions hold.
The OES program is considering changes in methodology that would make
data useful for time-series comparisons, at least at more aggregated
levels, but these are only in early stages of discussion. The Bureau of
Labor Statistics at present does not use or encourage the use of OES
data for time-series analysis. Where users choose to make such
comparisons, we would caution them to note the changes in survey
procedures and the limits of the methods used with a pooled sample.
- How should OES data be cited?
The suggested citation for the Occupational Employment Statistics web
site is:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Occupational Employment Statistics, [date accessed]
[www.bls.gov/oes/].
The suggested citation for articles from the Occupational Employment
and Wages bulletin is:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Occupational Employment and Wages, [year], Bulletin [number],
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC,
[year].
- Why does the sum of the areas within a State not equal the
statewide employment?
The sum of the areas may differ from statewide employment for several
reasons:
- Rounding
- The totals include data items that are not released separately due
to confidentiality and quality reasons.
- Many States include metropolitan areas that cross State lines.
These cross-State metropolitan area estimates include data from each
State, which should not be included in a total for a single State.
- A small number of establishments indicate the State in which their
employees are located, but do not indicate the specific metropolitan
or nonmetropolitan area in which they are located. Data for these
establishments are used in the calculation of the statewide estimates,
but are not included in the estimates of any individual area.
- Why are there no estimates for a particular occupation in a
specific area or industry?
Individual occupational employment and wage estimates may be withheld
from publication for a number of reasons, including failure to meet BLS
quality standards or the need to protect the confidentiality of our
survey respondents. In order to further ensure confidentiality, OES is
not able to provide the specific reason that an estimate was not
released. Unpublished OES estimates cannot be made available to the
public.
In general, if either an employment or a wage estimate (but not both)
is available for an occupation, the occupation will appear in the data
with the unpublished estimate footnoted "Estimate not released." If
neither an employment nor a wage estimate could be published, the
occupation will not be shown in the data. Occupations for which separate
data are unavailable are included in the estimates for the appropriate
major group category and in the "all occupations" totals. For this
reason, major group and "all occupations" employment estimates may
exceed the sum of the employment estimates for the available detailed
occupations.
- Why don't the major group or "all occupations" employment totals
equal the sum of the employment estimates for detailed occupations?
The major group and "all occupations" totals may include detailed
occupations for which separate employment estimates could not be
published. As a result, employment totals at the major group and "all
occupations" levels may be greater than the sum of employment estimates
for the detailed occupations. Please see Why are there no estimates for a particular occupation in a
specific area or industry? for more information on unreleased
estimates.
Because the major group employment totals include employment for the
detailed occupations in that group, summing across both detailed
occupations and major groups will result in double counting of
occupational employment. When this occurs, the calculated employment
total will exceed the "all occupations" employment total for the area or
industry. To avoid double counting, data users should exclude either the
major group or detailed occupation data before summing the employment
figures. In the downloadable data files, this can be accomplished by
using the spreadsheet program to filter the data on the "group"
field.
- What kind of public/private ownership data does OES have?
OES has limited ownership estimates for years 1997-2008. After
methodology changes introduced in 2006 were applied to a full 3-year
sample rotation, new estimates by public/private ownership were made
available in 2009.
Ownership data can be viewed in HTML table format or downloaded in
Excel spreadsheet format by following the "national industry-specific
and by ownership" links on the OES Data page.
OES has additionally created a set of ownership codes which
correspond to NAICS classification. The OES "all data" file contains a
field with these ownership codes to help users sort and filter these
very large datasets.
Please see the reference tables below for a list of ownership codes
and a summary of ownership data availability by year.
NOTE: OES added new ownership codes and changed the
way it classifies some ownership data in August 2013, so files
downloaded before then may indicate different ownership codes than
current files.
OES ownership codes
OWNERSHIP TYPE |
OWNERSHIP
CODE |
| Federal Government |
1 |
| State Government |
2 |
| Local Government |
3 |
| Federal, State, and Local
Government |
123 |
| Private |
5 |
| Local Government and Private |
35 |
| State Government, Local Government,
and Private |
235 |
| Federal, State, and Local Government
and Private |
1235 |
| Private, Local Government Gambling
Establishments (sector 71), and Local Government Casino Hotels
(sector 72) |
57 |
| Private plus State and Local
Government Hospitals |
58 |
| Private and Postal Service |
59 |
Ownership data available 2015
NAICS
CODES |
NAICS TITLE |
OWNERSHIP
CODES |
| 48, 49 |
Transportation and warehousing |
59 |
| 491, 4911 |
Postal service (federal government) |
1 |
| 61 |
Educational services
(including private, state, and local
government schools) |
235 |
| 611 |
Educational services |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6111 |
Educational services |
3 |
| 6111 |
Elementary and secondary schools |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6112 |
Junior colleges |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6113 |
Colleges, universities, and professional schools |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6114 |
Business schools and computer and management
training
(including private, state, and local government
schools) |
235 |
| 6115 |
Technical and trade schools |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6116 |
Other schools and instruction |
3, 235 |
| 6117 |
Educational support services |
3, 235 |
| 62 |
Health care and social assistance
(including private,
state, and local government hospitals) |
58 |
| 622 |
Hospitals |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6221 |
General medical and surgical hospitals |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6222 |
Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals |
2, 235 |
| 6223 |
Specialty hospitals |
2, 235 |
| 71 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation (including local
government gambling establishments) |
57 |
| 713 |
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries (including
local government gambling establishments) |
57 |
| 7132 |
Gambling industries (including local government gambling
establishments) |
35 |
| 72 |
Accommodation and food services (including local government
casino hotels) |
57 |
| 721 |
Accommodation (including local government casino hotels) |
57 |
| 7211 |
Traveler accommodation (including local government casino
hotels) |
57 |
| 72112 |
Casino hotels (including local government casino hotels) |
35 |
| 99, 999 |
Federal, state, and local government (excluding state and
local government owned schools and hospitals, local government
owned gambling establishments and casino hotels, and USPS) |
123 |
| 9991 |
Federal government executive branch only |
1 |
| 9992 |
State government (excluding schools and hospitals) |
2 |
| 9993 |
Local government (excluding schools, hospitals, gambling
establishments and casino hotels) |
3 |
| All other |
All other industries not listed above |
5 |
Ownership data available 2009-2013
NAICS
CODES |
NAICS TITLE |
OWNERSHIP
CODES |
| 48, 49 |
Transportation and warehousing |
59 |
| 491, 4911 |
Postal service (federal government) |
1 |
| 61 |
Educational services
(including private, state, and local
government schools) |
235 |
| 611 |
Educational services |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6111 |
Educational services |
3 |
| 6111 |
Elementary and secondary schools |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6112 |
Junior colleges |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6113 |
Colleges, universities, and professional schools |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6114 |
Business schools and computer and management
training
(including private, state, and local government
schools) |
235 |
| 6115 |
Technical and trade schools |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6116 |
Other schools and instruction |
3, 235 |
| 6117 |
Educational support services |
3, 235 |
| 62 |
Health care and social assistance
(including private,
state, and local government hospitals) |
58 |
| 622 |
Hospitals |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6221 |
General medical and surgical hospitals |
2, 3, 235 |
| 6222 |
Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals |
2, 235 |
| 6223 |
Specialty hospitals |
2, 235 |
| 99, 999 |
Federal, state, and local government
(excluding state and
local government owned schools
and hospitals and USPS) |
123 |
| 9991 |
Federal government executive branch only |
1 |
| 9992 |
State government
(excluding schools and hospitals) |
2 |
| 9993 |
Local government
(excluding schools and hospitals) |
3 |
| All other |
All other industries not listed above |
5 |
Ownership data available 1997-2008
NAICS
CODES |
NAICS TITLE |
OWNERSHIP
CODES |
| 61, 611 |
Educational services |
1235 |
| 6111 |
Elementary and secondary schools |
1235 |
| 6112 |
Junior colleges |
1235 |
| 6113 |
Colleges, universities, and professional schools |
1235 |
| 6114 |
Business schools and computer and management training |
1235 |
| 6115 |
Technical and trade schools |
1235 |
| 6116 |
Other schools and instruction |
1235 |
| 6117 |
Educational Support Services |
1235 |
| 622 |
Hospitals |
1235 |
| 6221 |
General Medical and Surgical Hospitals |
1235 |
| 6222 |
Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals |
1235 |
| 6223 |
Specialty hospitals |
1235 |
| 99, 999 |
Federal, state, and local government
(excluding state and
local government owned schools
and hospitals and USPS) |
123 |
| 9991 |
Federal government executive branch only |
1 |
| 9992 |
State government, excluding schools and hospitals |
2 |
| 9993 |
Local government, excluding schools and hospitals |
3 |
| All other |
All other industries not listed above |
5 |
Ownership data NOT available, all years
NAICS
CODES
|
NAICS TITLE |
OWNERSHIP
CODES |
| 6114 |
Business schools and computer and management training |
2, 3 |
| 6116 |
Other schools and instruction |
2 |
| 6117 |
Educational Support Services |
2 |
| 6222 |
Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals |
3 |
| 6223 |
Specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse)
hospitals |
3 |
- Can OES data be used to compare private and government pay for
similar work?
Occupational wages in the different ownership groups (the private
sector, and state, local, and federal governments) are influenced by
many factors that the OES measures cannot take into account. Thus, while
one can obtain OES data that compare estimates of mean and median wages
paid in a wide range of detailed occupations across ownership groups,
those comparisons do not explain why they might be different. Among the
many reasons are:
- Level of work performed
-
- Workers may have different levels of responsibility,
despite being in the same occupation.
- Age and experience
-
- More experienced workers tend to have higher wages.
-
- As an example, data from the Current Population
Survey show that federal workers, on average, are older and have far
more work experience with their employer than the typical
private-sector worker.
- Cost of living
-
- Workers concentrated in large urban areas with higher costs of
living are more likely to have higher wages than those working
elsewhere.
- Establishment size
-
- Workers in large establishments generally have higher wages than
workers in small establishments.
- Work schedules
-
- Full-time workers tend to earn higher hourly wages than
part-time workers in the same occupation.
-
- The OES annual wage estimates assume a full-time, year-round
schedule of 2,080 hours.
- Unionization
-
- Workers in unionized establishments may have different wages
than non-union establishments.
OES data are not designed for use in comparing federal and private
sector pay because the OES data do not contain information about pay
according to the level of work performed. BLS conducts a separate
survey, the National Compensation Survey, which provides data by level
of work for use by the President's Pay Agent. The President's Pay Agent
(the Directors of the Office of Personnel Management and the Office of
Management and Budget, and the Secretary of Labor) is charged by law
with recommending federal pay adjustments to the President. Questions
about federal pay comparability should be directed to the U.S. Office of
Personnel Management.
- How were the occupations in the May 2010 and May 2011 estimates
created from data based on the 2000 and 2010 SOC codes?
The data for the November 2009, May 2010, November 2010, and May 2011
panels were collected based on the 2010 SOC, while data for the two
older panels were collected based on the 2000 SOC. With a few
exceptions, almost all the occupations are the same in the 2000 and 2010
occupational classifications systems; in other words, occupations could
be combined in one year to be the equivalent of an occupation in another
year. Whenever possible, the 2010 occupation was used in estimation.
There were several cases, however, where occupations from the two
structures had to be combined into a hybrid occupation to used
temporarily in OES only.
The starting point for combining data collected under both systems
was the SOC crosswalk (see the BLS SOC page for more
details). In order to better address the OES customers' need for
detailed occupational data, however, sometimes OES combined data
differently. For example, the SOC crosswalk shows that the 2010 SOC
occupation solar photovoltaic installers was crosswalked to several 2000
occupations, including carpenters, electricians, and roofers. For the
2010 OES estimates, these lines of the crosswalk were ignored, and
estimates are available for each of these occupations--carpenters,
electricians, roofers--even though it is possible that in the four
earlier panels of data, employers may have reported solar photovoltaic
panel installers in these occupations.
To download an occupational crosswalk between the hybrid SOC-OES 2010
and the SOC 2000 or the SOC 2010, please see the 2010 and 2011 OES
classification Excel spreadsheet. Listed below are the occupations
which are in the 2010 OES estimates, but not in the 2010 SOC.
Occupations which are in the May 2010 and May 2011 OES estimates,
but not in the 2010 SOC
| OES 2011 CODE |
OES TITLE |
HOW THE OCCUPATION IS BASED ON 2000 AND 2010 SOC CODES |
NOTES |
| 11-9013 |
Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers |
This occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupation 11-9013 and the 2000 SOC occupations 11-9011
Farm, ranch and other agricultural managers and 11-9012 Farmers
and ranchers |
2010 occupation |
| 13-1078 |
Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists,
All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 13-1071 Human Resources Specialists and
13-1075 Labor Relations Specialists and the 2000 SOC occupations
13-1071 Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists and
13-1079 Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations
Specialists, All Other. |
|
| 15-1150 |
Computer Support Specialists* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 15-1151 Computer User Support Specialists and
15-1152 Computer Network Support Specialists and the 2000 SOC
occupation 15-1041 Computer Support Specialists. |
|
| 15-1179 |
Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer
Network Architects* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 15-1122 Information Security Analysts,
15-1134 Web Developers, 15-1143 Computer Network Architects and
the 2000 SOC occupation 15-1081 Network Systems and Data
Communications Analysts. |
|
| 15-1799 |
Computer Occupations, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupation 15-1199 Computer Occupations, All Other and
the 2000 SOC occupation 15-1099 Computer Specialists, All
Other. |
|
| 21-1798 |
Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 21-1094 Community Health Workers and 21-1099
Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other and the 2000
SOC occupation 21-1099 Community and Social Service Specialists,
All Other. |
|
| 25-2041 |
Special Education Teachers, Preschool, Kindergarten, and
Elementary School* |
This occupation is a combination of the 2000 SOC occupation
25-2041 Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school, and the 2010 SOC occupations 25-2051 special
education teachers preschool, and 25-2052 special education
teachers, kindergarten and elementary. |
2000 occupation |
| 25-3999 |
Teachers and Instructors, All Other* |
This occupation is a combination of the 2000 SOC occupation
25-3099 Teachers and instructors, all other; the 2010 SOC
occupations 25-2059 Special education teachers, all other, 25-3099
Teachers and instructors, all other, and the OES only occupation,
substitute teachers, for which data was collected in only
one-third of the panels used in 2010 estimates. |
Teachers and Instructors, All Other, including special
education teachers not specified separately |
| 29-1111 |
Registered Nurses* |
This occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2000 SOC occupation 29-1111 registered nurses; and the 2010
occupations 29-1141 Registered nurses, 29-1151 nurse anesthetists,
29-1161 nurse midwives, and 29-1171 nurse practitioners. |
2000 occupation |
| 29-1128 |
Therapists, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 29-1128 Exercise Physiologists, 29-1129
Therapists, All Other and the 2000 SOC occupation 29-1129
Therapists, All Other. |
Therapists, All Other, including exercise physiologists* |
| 29-2037 |
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 29-2034 Radiologic Technologists, 29-2035
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists and the 2000 SOC
occupation 29-2034 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians. |
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians, including Magnetic
Resonance Imaging Technologists |
| 29-2799 |
Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 29-2057 Ophthalmic Medical Technicians,
29-2092 Hearing Aid Specialists, 29-2099 Health Technologists and
Technicians, All Other and the 2000 SOC occupation 29-2099 Health
Technologists and Technicians, All Other. |
Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other, including
hearing aid specialists and opthalmic medical technicians |
| 29-9799 |
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 29-9092 Genetic Counselors, 29-9099
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other and the
2000 SOC occupation 29-9099 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
Workers, All Other. |
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other,
including genetic counselors |
| 31-1012 |
Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants* |
This occupation is a combination of the 2000 SOC occupation
31-1012 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants, and the 2010 SOC
occupations 31-1014 nursing aides and 31-1015 orderlies |
2000 occupation |
| 31-9799 |
Healthcare Support Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 31-9097 Phlebotomists, 31-9099 Healthcare
Support Workers, All Other and the 2000 SOC occupation 31-9099
Healthcare Support Workers, All Other. |
Healthcare Support Workers, All Other, including
phlebotomists |
| 39-4831 |
Funeral Service Managers, Directors, Morticians, and
Undertakers |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 11-9061 Funeral Service Managers, 39-4031
Morticians, Undertakers and Funeral Directors and the 2000 SOC
occupation 11-9061 Funeral Directors. |
|
| 41-9799 |
Sales and Related Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 13-1131 Fundraisers, 41-9099 Sales and
Related Workers, All Other and the 2000 SOC occupation 41-9099
Sales and Related Workers, All Other. |
Sales and Related Workers, All Other, including
fundraisers |
| 43-9799 |
Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 43-3099 Financial Clerks, All Other, 43-9199
Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other and the 2000
SOC occupation 43-9199 Office and Administrative Support Workers,
All Other. |
Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other,
including finance clerks not identified separately |
| 47-4799 |
Construction and Related Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 47-2231 Solar Photovoltaic Installers,
47-4099 Construction and Related Workers, All Other and the 2000
SOC occupation 47-4099 Construction and Related Workers, All
Other. |
Construction and Related Workers, All Other including solar
photovoltaic installers |
| 49-9799 |
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 49-9081 Wind Turbine Service Technicians,
49-9099 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other
and the 2000 SOC occupation 49-9099 Installation, Maintenance, and
Repair Workers, All Other. |
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other,
including wind turbine service technicians |
| 51-9151 |
Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine
Operators |
This occupation is a combination of the 2010 SOC occupation
51-9151 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine
Operators, and the 2000 SOC occupations 51-9131 Photographic
process workers, and 51-9132 Photographic processing machine
operators |
2010 occupation |
| 51-9399 |
Production Workers, All Other* |
This OES occupation is a combination of data collected for the
2010 SOC occupations 51-3099 Food Processing Workers, All Other,
51-9199 Production Workers, All Other and the 2000 SOC occupation
51-9199 Production Workers, All Other. |
Production workers, all other, including food processing
workers not specified separately* |
NOTE: Occupation titles followed by
* have the same title, but not necessarily the same
content as 2010 SOC occupations.
- Can I use OES data to obtain prevailing wages for foreign labor
certification or federal contracts?
No. The Foreign Labor Certification (FLC) program is
administered by the Employment and Training Administration at the U.S.
Department of Labor, and covers foreign workers who are admitted to the
U.S. under H1-B and other types of visas. Although OES data are used as
an input in calculating FLC prevailing wages, FLC prevailing wage data
are not identical to the OES wage estimates. Employers who need
prevailing wages for the purpose of foreign labor certification should
use the FLC Online
Wage Library instead of OES data. More information about the Foreign
Labor Certification program is available from the FLC home
page.
The Davis Bacon and Related Acts (DBRA) cover federal, District of
Columbia, or federally assisted construction contracts. The
McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act applies to federal and District of
Columbia service contracts. Both programs are administered by the Wage
and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor. Prevailing wage
determinations for contracts subject to DBRA or SCA should be obtained
using the Wage Determinations
Online program. More details about the Davis Bacon and Related Acts
are available from the DBRA home page; additional information about the Service
Contract Act can be found on the SCA
website.
Last Modified Date: December 27, 2016
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