Authorizing Legislation
Congress enacted the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
(JJDP) Act (Pub. L. No. 93-415,
42 U.S.C. § 5601 et seq.) in 1974. This landmark legislation
established OJJDP to support local and
state efforts to prevent delinquency and improve the juvenile
justice system.
On November 2, 2002, Congress reauthorized the JJDP
Act. The reauthorization
(the 21st Century
Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act, Pub. L.
No. 107-273, 116 Stat. 1758)
supports OJJDP's established mission while introducing important
changes that streamline the Office's
operations and bring a sharper focus to its role. The provisions
of the reauthorization took effect in FY
2004 (October 2003).
JJDP Act Milestones
1974
- Act signed into law.
- Created Formula Grants program.
- Established the separation requirement.
- Established the deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO) requirement.
1977
- Increased and expanded DSO and separation requirements.
- Emphasized prevention and treatment.
1980
- Established jail removal requirements.
1984
- Enhanced and amended jail removal requirements.
1988
- Addressed disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) as a requirement.
1992
- Amended DSO, jail removal, and separation requirements.
- Elevated DMC to a core requirement.
- Established the Title V Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Grants Program (Title V).
- Established new programs to address gender bias.
- Emphasized prevention and treatment, family strengthening, graduated sanctions, and risk-need assessments.
2002
- Broadened the scope of the DMC core requirement from "disproportionate minority confinement" to "disproportionate minority contact."
- Consolidated seven previously independent programs into a single Part C prevention block grant.
- Created a new Part D, authorizing research, training and technical assistance, and information dissemination.
- Added Part E, authorizing grants for new initiatives and programs.
- Reauthorized Title V.
- Required states to give funding priorities of their formula and block grant allocations to evidence-based programs.
- Reauthorized Title II Formula Grants Program.
- Revised the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants program, which is now called the Juvenile Accountability Block Grants program (as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act.)
Related Legislation
In addition to the JJDP Act, other pieces of legislation
are relevant to OJJDP and its policies and priorities; several
are listed below. Search for these and others on GPO
Access, which contains the text of public and private laws
enacted from the 104th Congress to the present.
- Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act, Title I--Part R,
Chapter 46--Subchapter XII-F: Juvenile Accountability Block Grants
- The Adoption Promotion Act of 2003 (Pub. L. No. 108-145).
- Child
Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Title I, Pub. L. No. 108-036).
- Immigration Services and Infrastructure Improvements Act (Title
II, Pub. L. No. 106-313).
- Methamphetamine Anti-Proliferation
Act (Title XXXVI, Pub. L. No. 106-310).
- National Police Athletic
League Youth Enrichment Act of 2000 (Pub. L. No. 106-367).
- No
Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Pub. L. No. 107-110).
- Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (Pub. L. No. 108-79)
- PROTECT
Act (Pub. L. No. 108-021).
- Protection of Children from Sexual
Predators Act of 1998 (Pub. L. No. 105-314).
- Runaway, Homeless,
and Missing Children Protection Act (Pub. L. No. 108-096).
- Strengthening
Abuse and Neglect Courts Act of 2000 (Pub. L. No. 106-314).
- Violence
Against Women Act of 2000 (Division B, Pub. L. No. 106-386).
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