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Research Spotlights - Archives
Highlighting exceptional peer-reviewed journal publications featuring data, software products, and tools from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
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Research Spotlights Archives
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2012 Research Spotlight Archives

Report Card on Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP): Nationwide Inpatient Sample Infection Data 2001-2006
Davis JM, Kuo YH, Ahmed N, Kuo YL.
Surg Infec. 2011 Dec;12(6):429-34.
    This study uses the 2001-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine infection rates of adult patients (18-years or older) having elective cholecystectomies, laparoscopic cholecystectomies, and colectomies, and looks at the administration of antibiotics to determine whether the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) has had an effect on surgical site infections.

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Geographic Variation: A View From the Hospital Sector
Henke RM, Marder WD, Friedman BS, Wong HS.
Med Care Res Rev. 2011 Dec;68(6):699-711.
    This study uses the 2008 State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 42 states to examine the variations in use of hospital inpatient services and its costs in several major metropolitan areas throughout the United States, and offers a broad insight into how the use of medical resources by the Medicare population differs from those covered by other types of insurance.

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Enhancing Board Oversight on Quality of Hospital Care: An Agency Theory Perspective
Jiang HJ, Lockee C, Fraser I.
Health Care Manage Rev. 2012 Apr;37(2):144-53.
    This study uses the 2007 State Inpatient Databases (SID) and the Inpatient Quality Indicators (IQI) to provide an update to prior research by exploring the role and practices of governing boards in quality oversight for U.S. community hospitals.

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Epidemiology of Humerus Fractures in the United States: Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2008
Kim SH, Szabo RM, Marder RA.
J Vasc Surg. 2012 Jan;55(1):72-8.
    This study uses the 2008 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) to evaluate the occurrence of emergency department visits for humerus fractures in the U.S., and to estimate the number visits related to humerus fractures for the baby boomer generation as the population ages.

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Hospitalizations, Costs, and Outcomes of Severe Sepsis in the United States 2003 to 2007
Lagu T, Rothberg MB, Shieh MS, Pekow PS, Steingrub JS, Lindenauer PK.
Crit Care Med. 2012 Mar;40(3):754-61.
    This study uses the 2003-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the Cost-to-Charge Ratio (CCR) Files, and the Comorbidity Software to look at trends in the number of hospitalizations, outcomes, and costs of sever sepsis in the U.S., as well as in-hospital mortality related to severe sepsis.

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Sociodemographic Trends in Bariatric Surgery Utilization in the USA
Pickett-Blakely OE, Huizinga MM, Clark JM.
Obes Surg. 2012 May;22(5):838-42.
    This study uses the 1998, 2001, 2004, and 2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine the utilization of bariatric surgery in the U.S. Data was examined by comorbid conditions and select sociodemographic categories, including race, sex, age, insurance, and median income.

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Population Based Comparative Effectiveness of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and Laser Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Strope SA, Yang L, Nepple KG, Andriole GL, Owens PL.
J Urol. 2012 Apr;187(4):1341-5.
    This study uses the 2005 State Inpatient Databases (SID), State Ambulatory Surgery Databases (SASD), and State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) for California and the HCUP Revisit Files for Analyses to assess the comparative effectiveness of transurethral prostate resection and laser therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia in the U.S.

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Obesity and Pulmonary Embolism: The Mounting Evidence of Risk and Paradox
Stein PD, Matta F, Goldman J.
Thromb Res. 2011 Dec;128(6):518-23.
    This study uses the 1998-2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to determine the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in obese patients by age, gender, and comorbid conditions in an effort to examine the relationship of obesity to mortality.

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ED Visits for Drug-Related Poisoning in the United States, 2007
Xiang Y, Zhao W, Xiang H, Smith GA.
Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Feb;30(2):293-301.
    This study uses the 2007 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) to describe the characteristics of emergency department visits for drug-related poisoning in the United States. In addition, this study determined the populations most affected by drug-related poisoning by age, sex, and area.

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Hospitalizations for Intussusception Before and After the Reintroduction of Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States
Zickafoose JS, Benneyworth BD, Riebschleger MP, Espinosa CM, Davis MM.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Apr;166(4):350-5.
    This study uses the 1997-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), 1997-2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), 2006-2008 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), the KIDS Trends Files, and HCUPnet to examine whether hospital discharges for intussusceptions in children younger than one years of age have changed since the reintroduction of the rotavirus vaccine in the U.S.

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2011 Research Spotlight Archives

The following are 2011 examples of peer-reviewed journal publications that feature data, software products, and tools from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
Admissions for CABG Procedure in the Elderly: Was There a Change in Access to Teaching Hospitals After 1997?
Basu J.
Soc Work Public Health. 2011 Sep;26(6):605-20.
    This study uses the 1997-2001 State Inpatient Databases (SID) from New York and Pennsylvania to study patient attributes related to teaching hospital admissions for elderly patients who have had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and to identify admission patterns and changes in vulnerable subgroups of the elderly during the time period.

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Dramatic Decreases in Mortality From Laparoscopic Colon Resections Based on Data From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Cone MM, Herzig DO, Diggs BS, Dolan JP, Rea JD, Deveny KE, Lu KC.
Arch Surg. 2011 May;146(5):594-9.
    This study uses the 2002-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Elixhauser Comorbidity files to determine the mortality rate and associated factors for laparoscopic and open colectomy using a logistic regression model, and analyzing patient and hospital characteristics associated with in-hospital mortality.

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National Trends in utilization and postprocedure outcomes for carotid artery revascularization 2005 to 2007
Eslami MH, McPhee JT, Simons JP, Schanzer AS, Messina LM.
J Vasc. Surg. 2011 Feb;53(2):307-22.
    This study uses hospital discharge data from the 2005-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Elixhauser Comorbidity Software files to provide an overview of trends in utilization, mortality, and stroke after carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) at the national level.

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Annual Report on Health Care for Children and Youth in the United States: Focus on Trends in Hospital Use and Quality
Friedman B, Berdahl T, Simpson LA, McCormick MC, Owens PL, Andrews R, Romano PS.
Acad Pediatr. 2011 Jul;11(2):263-79.
    This study uses the 2000-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the AHRQ Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDI) to examine trends in hospital inpatient care for children between 2000-2007.

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An Evaluation of Statewide Emergency Department Utilization Following Medicaid Disenrollment
Heavrin BS, Fu R, Han JH, Storrow AB, Lowe RA.
Emerg Med. 2011 Nov;18(11):1121-8.
    This study uses the 2004-2006 State Inpatient Databases (SID) and State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from Tennessee to examine the statewide effect on emergency department (ED) utilization following the Tennessee Medicaid expansion program (TennCare) in 2005, in which 171,000 adults were disenrolled from Medicaid.

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Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations - United States, 2004-2007
Moy E, Barrett M, Ho K.
MMWR Surveillance Summ. 2011 Jan;14(60):80-83.
    This study uses AHQR Patient Quality Indicators (PQIs) and comes from the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR) to estimate preventable hospitalizations and potential cost savings by income groups and by race/ethnicity in the United States.

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Factors Affecting Hospital Charges and Length of Stay From Teenage Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Hospitalizations Among United States Teenagers, 2000-2007
Peek-Asa C, Yang J, Ramirez M, Hamann C, Cheng G.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):595-600.
    This study uses the 2002-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study the increasing number of hospitalizations among U.S. teenagers ages 15-18 from 2002-2007 due to a motor vehicle crash. This study assesses the significant burden places on teens and their families due to the high charges and length of stay associated with these types of hospitalizations.

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Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination on Infants on Pneumonia and Influenza Hospitalization and Mortality in All Age Groups
Simonsen L, Taylor RJ, Young-Xu Y, Haber M, May L, Klugman KP.
MBio. 2011 Jan;2(1):e00309-10.
    This study uses the 1996-2006 State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 10 states to assess the impact of infant immunization on pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality. In addition, the study examines a reduction in pneumococcal disease among adults and children following the introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the U.S. in 2000.

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Trends in Incidence of Subtrochacteric Fragility Fractures and Bisphosphonate Use Among the US Elderly, 1996-2007
Wang Z, Bhattacharyya T.
J Bone Miner. 2011 Mar;26(3):553-613.
    This study uses the 1996-2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and NIS-Trends Supplemental files to evaluate hip fractures and medication use in the elderly population in the United States.

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Hospitalizations for Alcohol and Drug Overdoses in Young Adults Ages 18-24 in the United States, 1999-2008: Results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
White AM, Hingson RW, Pan IJ, Yi HY.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2011 Sep;72(5):774-86.
    This study uses the 1999-2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study rates and costs of inpatient hospitalizations for drug and alcohol overdoses among young adults ages 18-24 in the United States.

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2010 Research Spotlight Archives

The following are 2010 examples of peer-reviewed journal publications that feature data, software products, and tools from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
Maternal and fetal outcomes among women with depression
Bansil P, Kuklina EV, Meikle SF, Posner SF, Kourtis AP, Ellington SR, et al.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Feb;19(2):329-34.
    This study uses hospital discharge data from the 1998-2005 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate delivery-related hospitalizations for select maternal and fetal outcomes, such as cesarean delivery, preterm labor, anemia, diabetes, anemia, and fetal distress, among women with and without diagnosed depression at the time of delivery.

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Profile of inpatient operating room procedures in US hospitals in 2007
Elixhauser A, Andrews RM.
Arch Surg. 2010 Dec;145(12):1201-8.
    This study uses hospital discharge data from the 2007 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and 1997-2006 NIS Trends Supplemental files to provide an overview of inpatient operating room procedures in the in the United States and analyze hospital costs associated with OR procedures.

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Carbon monoxide-related hospitalizations in the U.S.: evaluation of a web-based query system for public health surveillance
Iqbal S, Clower JH, Boehmer TK, Yip FY, Garbe P.
Public Health Rep. 2010 May-Jun;125(3):423-32.
    This study uses the 1993-2005 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and HCUPnet to produce national estimates of carbon monoxide related hospitalizations.

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Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Li ST, Tancredi DJ.
Pediatrics. 2010 Jan;125(1):26-33.
    This analysis uses the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) to determine if the incidence of empyema among children in the United States has changed since the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2000.

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High turnover stays for pediatric asthma in the United States: Analysis of the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database
Macy ML, Stanley RM, Sasson C, Gebremariam A, Davis MM.
Medical Care. 2010 Sep;48(9):827-33.
    This study uses the 2006 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) to describe factors associated with high-turnover rates for pediatric inpatient stays with a principal diagnosis of asthma. These factors include: younger age, uncomplicated asthma, and private insurance.

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Psychiatric discharges in community hospitals with and without psychiatric units: how many and for whom?
Mark TL, Vandivort-Warren R, Owens PL, Buck JA, Levit KR, Coffey RM, Stocks, C.
Psychiatric Services. Jun;61(6):562-8.
    Using the 2003 State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 12 states, this analysis evaluated the characteristics of patients with psychiatric disorders treated in medical-surgical beds compared to patients treated in psychiatric units in community hospitals.

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Frequency and outcomes of blood products transfusion across procedures and clinical conditions warranting inpatient care: An analysis of the 2004 healthcare cost and utilization project nationwide inpatient sample database
Morton J, Anastassopoulos KP, Patel ST, Lerner JH, Ryan KJ, Goss TF, et al.
American Journal of Medical Quality 2010 Jul-Aug;25(4):289-96.
    This study uses the 2004 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (NIS) to evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with blood products transfusion, including: length of stay, postoperative infections, noninfectious transfusion-related complications, in-hospital mortality, and total charges.

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Hospital based emergency department visits attributed to dental carries in the United State in 2006
Nalliah RP, Allareddy V, Elangovan S, Karimbux N, Allareddy V.
J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2010 Dec;10(4):212-22.
    This study uses 2006 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) data to estimate hospital-based ED visits attributed to dental carries and evaluate payer information for ED visits for adults and children in the United States.

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Emergency department care in the United States: a profile of national data sources
Owens PL, Barrett ML, Gibson TB, Andrews RM, Weinick RM, Mutter RL.
Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2010 Aug;56(2):150-65.
    This study compares seven data sources (American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database, Hospital Market Profiling Solution, National Emergency Department Inventory, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All-Injury Program, and the National Health Interview Survey) to analyze utilization and quality of care in the Emergency Department on a national level.

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Weekend emergency department visits in Nebraska: higher utilization, lower acuity
Schoenfeld EM, McKay MP.
Journal of Emergency Medicine.2010 May;38(4):542-5.
    This study uses the Nebraska State Emergency Department Database (SEDD) and State Inpatient Database (SID) to compare patterns of ED use on weekends with weekdays and analyze the differences between these two groups to elucidate the role of the ED in the health care delivery system.

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Trends and burden of bronchiectasis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1993-2006
Seitz AE, Oliver KN, Steiner CA, Montes de Oca R, Holland SM, Prevots DR.
Chest. 2010 Oct;138(4):944-9.
    This study uses the 1993-2006 State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 12 states to estimate the trends and burden of bronchiectasis-associated hospitalizations in the United States.

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Pediatric urinary tract infections: an analysis of hospitalizations, charges, and costs in the USA
Spencer JD, Schwaderer A, McHugh K, Hains DS.
Pediatric Nephrol. 2010 Dec;25(12):2469-75.
    This study uses the 2000-2006 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) to evaluate the impact of pediatric urinary tract infections on the economy and inpatient healthcare utilization in the United States.

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Trends and outcomes of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease in the United States, 1993 to 2006
Wang YR, Richter JE, Dempsey DT.
Annals of Surg. 2010 Jan;251(1):51-8.
    This analysis uses the 1993-2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine time trends of hospitalizations and operations for Peptic Ulcer Disease, including rates of complications, procedures, diseased sites, and mortality.

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2009 Research Spotlight Archives

The following are 2009 examples of peer-reviewed journal publications that feature data, software products, and tools from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
Pneumonia hospitalizations among young children before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine—United States, 1997-2006
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2009 Jan 16;58(1):1-4.
    This analysis uses the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to monitor pneumonia hospitalizations among young children in an effort to gauge the effect of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) that was recommended for use in infants and children in February 2000.

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Variations in inpatient mortality among hospitals in different system types, 1995 to 2000
Chukmaitov AS, Bazzoli GJ, Harless DW, Hurley RE, Devers KJ, Zhao M.
Medical Care. 2009 Apr;47(4):466-73.
    Using the State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 11 states and AHRQ’s Inpatient Quality Indicators (IQIs), this study evaluates the associations between 5 main types of health systems--centralized, centralized physician/insurance, moderately centralized, decentralized, and independent--and inpatient mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure, stroke, and pneumonia.

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Impact of the aging population on the demand for colorectal procedures.
Etzioni DA, Beart RW Jr, Madoff RD, Ault GT
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2009 Apr;52(4):583-90.
    Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the Florida State Ambulatory Surgery Database (SASD), this study identifies commonly performed inpatient and outpatient colorectal procedures, as well as associated diagnoses, and combines this information with census projections to generate projected volumes for the selected procedures and diagnoses.

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Hospital utilization and costs among children with influenza, 2003
Hassan F, Lewis TC, Davis MM, Gebremariam A, Dombkowski K.
American Journal of Preventative Medicine.2009 Apr;36(4):292-6.
    This retrospective analysis uses the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) to characterize the national burden of influenza hospitalizations and to evaluate how hospital costs and length of stay varied among children diagnosed with influenza after the augmented 2002 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices influenza vaccination recommendations.

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Recent trends in bariatric surgery case volume in the United States
Kohn GP, Galanko JA, Overby DW, Farrell TM.
Surgery.2009 Aug;146(2):375-80.
    This study uses the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to examine recent trends in bariatric surgery in the United States, and investigates the relationship between volume trends and recent program accreditation and remuneration algorithms.

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The burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among Medicaid and non-Medicaid children younger than 5 years old
Ma L, El Khoury AC, Itzler RF.
American Journal of Public Health. 2009 Oct;99 Suppl 2:S398-404.
    Using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), researchers compare the burden of hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis (RGE) in children younger than 5 years in US Medicaid and non-Medicaid populations.

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Use of emergency departments for conditions related to poor oral healthcare: implications for rural and low-resource urban areas for three states
Shortridge EF Moore JR.
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 2009 May-Jun;15(3):238-45.
    This study uses the State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from three states to investigate the use of emergency departments (EDs) for problems that might have been prevented given adequate oral healthcare.

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Disparities in the use of ambulatory surgical centers: A cross sectional study
Strope SA, Sarma A, Ye S, Wei JT, Hollenbeck BK.
BMC Health Services Research. 2009 Jul;9(121):1-7.
    Using the Florida State Ambulatory Surgery Database (SASD), this study evaluates the relationship between socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and the use of ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs).

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Physician ownership of ambulatory surgery centers and practice patterns for urological surgery: evidence from the state of Florida
Strope SA, Daignault S, Hollingsworth JM, Ye Z, Wei JT, Hollenbeck BK.
Medical Care. 2009 Apr;47(4):403-10.
    Using the Florida State Ambulatory Surgery Database (SASD), this study evaluates the relationship between physician-level ownership, financial incentives, and the use of ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs).

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Effects of childhood obesity on hospital care and costs, 1999-2005
Trasande L, Liu Y, Fryer G, Weitzman M.
Health Affairs. 2009 Jul-Aug;28(4):w751-60.
    This study uses the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate trends in obesity-associated hospitalizations, charges, and costs among children.

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2008 Research Spotlight Archives

The following are 2008 examples of peer-reviewed journal publications that feature data, software products, and tools from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP).
The profitability of Medicare admissions based on source of admission
McHugh M, Regenstein M, Siegel B.
Academic Emergency Medicine. 2008 Oct;15(10):900-7.
    This study uses the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to investigate whether Medicare admissions from the emergency department have lower dollar margins than elective admissions and explores two possible reasons for differences in margins.

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Annual report on health care for children and youth in the United States: focus on injury-related emergency department utilization and expenditures
Owens PL, Zodet MW, Berdahl T, Dougherty D, McCormick MC, Simpson LA.
Ambulatory Pediatrics. 2008 Jul-Aug;8(4):219-240.e17.
    This retrospective analysis uses the State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) and the State Inpatient Databases (SID) to examine state differences in children's utilization of injury-related emergency department (ED) care across 14 states, benchmarking aggregate state estimates against national expenditure estimates for outpatient injury-related ED care.

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Outpatient cholecystectomy at hospitals versus freestanding ambulatory surgical centers
Paquette IM, Smink D, Finlayson SR.
Journal of American College of Surgeons. 2008 Feb;206(2):301-5.
    In an effort to inform payment policies related to outpatient cholecystectomies, this study uses the Florida State Ambulatory Surgery Database (SASD) to compare the patient characteristics, charges, outcomes, and processes of care of patients treated in hospitals with patients treated in ambulatory care centers.

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Patient safety indicators for England from hospital administrative data: case-control analysis and comparison with US data
Raleigh VS, Cooper J, Bremner SA, Scobie S.
British Medical Journal. 2008 Oct 17;337:a1702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1702.
    This study uses AHRQ’s Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) to examine the feasibility of deriving patient safety indicators from hospital episode data for England; determine whether the indicators point to adverse outcomes for patients; and compare patient safety event rates, excess length of stay, and mortality in England with US data obtained from an analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).

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Trends in intussusception hospitalizations among US infants, 1993-2004: implications for monitoring the safety of the new rotavirus vaccination program
Tate JE, Simonsen L, Viboud C, Steiner C, Patel MM, Curns AT, Parashar UD.
Pediatrics. 2008 May;121(5):e1125-32.
    Using the State Inpatient Databases (SID) from 16 states, this study assesses intussusception hospitalizations trends among US infants for 1993 to 2004; provides estimates of hospitalization rates for intussusception for 2002-2004; and evaluates variations in background rates by age, race/ethnicity, and surgical management.

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Internet Citation: Research Spotlights Archive. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). February 2013. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/spotlights_archive.jsp.
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Last modified 2/21/13