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Published by: The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists

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Copeia 104(3):645-657. 2016
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/CI-15-374

Reproductive Parasitism between Distant Phyla: Molecular Identification of Snailfish (Liparidae) Egg Masses in the Gill Cavities of King Crabs (Lithodidae)

Jennifer R. Gardner ¹, James W. Orr ², Duane E. Stevenson ², Ingrid Spies ³, and David A. Somerton ²

¹ School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; Email: jgardn92@u.washington.edu. Send reprint requests to this address.

² NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115; Email: (JWO) James.Orr@noaa.gov; (DES) Duane.Stevenson@noaa.gov; and (DAS) David.Somerton@noaa.gov.

³ NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115; Email: Ingrid.Spies@noaa.gov.

Associate Editor: J. F. Schaefer.

Snailfishes of the genus Careproctus deposit egg masses inside the gill cavity of lithodid crabs. Previous attempts to identify the species depositing the eggs have been inconclusive because of the difficulties in identifying snailfish eggs and larvae. For this study, samples were collected from egg masses found in crabs in the commercial fishery and during benthic trawl survey work. Egg masses were found in Lithodes aequispinus (Golden King Crab) and, for the first time, in L. couesi (Scarlet King Crab). Mitochondrial DNA from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region was amplified from embryos and sequenced. Comparison of COI sequences from eggs to COI sequences from positively identified adult voucher specimens yielded identifications of 75 egg masses to species. A total of 38 egg masses were identified as Careproctus melanurus; 29 as C. colletti; seven as C. furcellus; and one as C. simus. Each egg mass contained eggs from only one species, and there was no indication of multiple maternal parentage. These results are the first positive identification of the snailfish species responsible for depositing egg masses in lithodid crabs. Identification of species involved may be useful in understanding the nature of this unique relationship between snailfishes and crabs.

Received: November 15, 2015; Accepted: February 14, 2016

;

Published: August 15, 2016

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Cited by

James Wilder Orr. (2016) Two New Species of Snailfishes of the Genus Careproctus (Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Copeia 104:4, 890-896.
Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016.

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