Endangered and Threatened Marine Species under NMFS' Jurisdiction

Approximately 2,270 species are listed as endangered or threatened under the ESA. Of these species, about 650 are foreign species, found only in areas outside of the U.S. and our waters.

We have jurisdiction over 150 endangered and threatened marine species, including 55 foreign species. We work with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to manage ESA-listed species. Generally, we manage marine species, while USFWS manages land and freshwater species.

Marine Mammals
Sea Turtles & Other Marine Reptiles
Fish (Marine and Anadromous)
Marine Invertebrates and Plants

Marine Mammals (31 listed "species")

Manatees and sea otters are also listed under the ESA, but fall under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

(E = "endangered"; T = "threatened"; F = "foreign"; n/a = not applicable)

Species	Year Listed	Status	Critical Habitat *	Recovery Plan
Cetaceans
dolphin, Chinese River / baiji (Lipotes vexillifer)	1989	E (F)	n/a	n/a
dolphin, Indus River (Platanista minor)	1991	E (F)	n/a	n/a
porpoise, Gulf of California harbor / vaquita (Phocoena sinus)	1985	E (F)	n/a	n/a
whale, beluga (1 listed DPS) (Delphinapterus leucas)
Cook Inlet	2008	E	final	draft
whale, blue (Balaenoptera musculus)	1970	E	n/a	final
whale, bowhead (Balaena mysticetus)	1970	E	n/a	n/a*
whale, false killer (1 listed DPS) (Pseudorca crassidens)
Main Hawaiian Islands Insular	2012	E	no	no
whale, fin (Balaenoptera physalus)	1970	E	n/a	final
whale, gray (1 listed DPS) (Eschrichtius robustus)
Western North Pacific	1970	E (F)	n/a	n/a
whale, humpback (5 DPSs) (Megaptera novaeangliae) » original listing - 1970				final ⁺
Arabian Sea	2016	E (F)	n/a
Cape Verde Islands/Northwest Africa	2016	E (F)	n/a
Central America	2016	E	no
Mexico	2016	T	no
Western North Pacific	2016	E	no
whale, killer (1 listed DPS) (Orcinus orca)
Southern Resident	2005	E	final	final
whale, North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) original listing as "northern right whale" -	2008 1970	E E	final	final
whale, North Pacific right (Eubalaena japonica) original listing as "northern right whale" -	2008 1970	E E	final	final
whale, sei (Balaenoptera borealis)	1970	E	n/a	final
whale, Southern right (Eubalaena australis)	1970	E (F)	n/a	n/a
whale, sperm (Physeter macrocephalus)	1970	E	n/a	final
Pinnipeds
sea lion, Steller (1 listed DPS) (Eumetopias jubatus)
Western original listing -	1997 1990	E T	final	final
seal, bearded (2 listed DPSs) (Erignathus barbatus)
Beringia	2012	T	no	no
Okhotsk	2012	T (F)	n/a	no
seal, Guadalupe fur (Arctocephalus townsendi)	1985	T	n/a	n/a
seal, Hawaiian monk (Neomonachus schauinslandi)	1976	E	final	final
seal, ringed (4 listed subspecies) (Phoca hispida)
Baltic (Phoca hispida botnica)	2012	T (F)	n/a	no
Ladoga (Phoca hispida ladogensis)	2012	E (F)	n/a	no
Okhotsk (Phoca hispida ochotensis)	2012	T (F)	n/a	no
Saimaa (Phoca hispida saimensis)	1993	E (F)	n/a	n/a
seal, Mediterranean monk (Monachus monachus)	1970	E (F)	n/a	n/a
seal, spotted (1 listed DPS) (Phoca largha)
Southern	2010	T (F)	n/a	n/a

⁺ Recovery plan written prior to the identification of DPSs

Sea Turtles & Other Marine Reptiles (26 listed "species")

(E = "endangered"; T = "threatened"; F = "foreign"; n/a = not applicable)

Species	Year Listed	Status	Critical Habitat *	Recovery Plan *
Sea Turtles
turtle, green (11 listed DPSs) (Chelonia mydas) » original listing - 1978
Central North Pacific	2016	T	no	final ⁺
Central South Pacific	2016	E	no	final ⁺
Central West Pacific	2016	E	no	final ⁺
East Indian-West Pacific	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
East Pacific	2016	T	no	final ⁺
Mediterranean	2016	E(F)	n/a	no
North Atlantic	2016	T	final	final ⁺
North Indian	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
South Atlantic	2016	T	no	final ⁺
Southwest Indian	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
Southwest Pacific	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
turtle, hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)	1970	E	final	final
turtle, Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)	1970	E	n/a	final
turtle, leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea)	1970	E	final	final
turtle, loggerhead (9 listed DPSs) (Caretta caretta) » original listing - 1978			no	final
Mediterranean Sea	2011	E (F)	n/a	n/a
North Indian Ocean	2011	E (F)	n/a	n/a
North Pacific Ocean	2011	E	no	final
Northeast Atlantic Ocean	2011	E (F)	n/a	n/a
Northwest Atlantic Ocean	2011	T	final	final
South Atlantic Ocean	2011	T (F)	n/a	n/a
South Pacific Ocean	2011	E (F)	n/a	n/a
Southeast Indo-Pacific Ocean	2011	T (F)	n/a	n/a
Southwest Indian Ocean	2011	T (F)	n/a	n/a
turtle, olive ridley (2 listed populations^) (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Mexico's Pacific coast breeding colonies	1978	E	n/a	final
all other areas	1978	T	n/a	final
Other Marine Reptiles
sea snake, dusky (Aipysurus fuscus)	2015	E (F)	n/a	no

^ These populations were listed before the 1978 ESA amendments that restricted population listings to "distinct population segments of vertebrate species."

⁺ Recovery plan written prior to the identification of DPSs

Fish (Marine & Anadromous) (65 listed "species")

(E = "endangered"; T = "threatened"; F = "foreign"; XN = "nonessential experimental population"; n/a = not applicable)

Species	Year Listed	Status	Critical Habitat *	Recovery Plan
angelshark, common (Squatina squatina)	2016	E(F)	n/a	no
angelshark, sawback (Squatina aculeata)	2016	E(F)	n/a	no
angelshark, smoothback (Squatina oculata)	2016	E(F)	n/a	no
bocaccio (1 listed DPS) (Sebastes paucispinis)
Puget Sound/ Georgia Basin	2010	E	final	no
cardinalfish, Banggai (Pteropogon kauderni)	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
coelacanth, African (1 listed DPS) (Latimeria chalumnae)
Tanzanian	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
eulachon, Pacific / smelt (1 listed DPS) (Thaleichthys pacificus)
Southern DPS	2010	T	final	no
grouper, gulf (Mycteroperca jordani)	2016	E	no	no
grouper, island (Mycteroperca fusca)	2016	T(F)	n/a	no
grouper, Nassau (Epinephelus striatus)	2016	T	n/a	no
rockfish, canary (1 listed DPS) (Sebastes pinniger)
Puget Sound/ Georgia Basin	2010	T	final	no
rockfish, yelloweye (1 listed DPS) (Sebastes ruberrimus)
Puget Sound/ Georgia Basin	2010	T	final	no
salmon, Atlantic (1 listed DPS) (Salmo salar)
Gulf of Maine original listing -	2009 (expanded) 2000	E	final	draft
salmon, Chinook (9 listed ESUs & 2 XNs) (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
California coastal	1999**	T	final	draft
Central Valley spring-run	1999**	T	final	final
Central Valley spring-run in the San Joaquin River, CA	2013	XN	n/a	-
Lower Columbia River	1999**	T	final	final
Puget Sound	1999**	T	final	final
Sacramento River winter-run	1994**	E	final	final
Snake River fall-run	1992**	T	final	draft
Snake River spring/ summer-run	1992**	T	final	in process
Upper Columbia River spring-run	1999**	E	final	final
Upper Columbia River spring-run in the Okanogan River subbasin, WA	2014	XN	n/a	-
Upper Willamette River	1999**	T	final	final
salmon, chum (2 listed ESUs) (Oncorhynchus keta)
Columbia River	1999**	T	final	final
Hood Canal summer-run	1999**	T	final	final
salmon, coho (4 listed ESUs) (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Central California coast original listing -	2005 1996	E T	final	final
Lower Columbia River	2005**	T	final	final
Oregon coast	2008	T	final	draft
Southern Oregon & Northern California coasts (SONCC)	1997**	T	final	final
salmon, sockeye (2 listed ESUs) (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Ozette Lake	1999**	T	final	final
Snake River	1991**	E	final	final
sawfish, dwarf (Pristis clavata)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sawfish, green (Pristis zijsron)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sawfish, largetooth (Pristis pristis) (formerly P. perotteti, P. pristis, and P. microdon)	2014	E	no	no
sawfish, narrow (Anoxypristis cuspidata)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sawfish, smalltooth (2 listed DPSs) (Pristis pectinata)
U.S. portion of range	2003	E	final	final
Non-U.S. portion of range	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
shark, scalloped hammerhead (4 listed DPSs) (Sphyrna lewini)
Central & Southwest Atlantic	2014	T	no	no
Eastern Atlantic	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
Eastern Pacific	2014	E	no	no
Indo-West Pacific	2014	T	no	no
steelhead (11 listed DPSs & 1 XN) (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
California Central Valley	1998**	T	final	final
Central California coast	1997**	T	final	draft
Lower Columbia River	1998**	T	final	final
Middle Columbia River	1999**	T	final	final
Middle Columbia River	2013	XN	n/a
Northern California	2000**	T	final	draft
Puget Sound	2007	T	final	no
Snake River Basin	1997**	T	final	in process
South-Central California coast	1997**	T	final	final
Southern California	1997**	E	final	final
Upper Columbia River original listing - change in status - court reinstated status -	2009+ 1997 2006 2007+	T E T E	final	final
+ reinstated to endangered status per U.S. District Court decision in June 2007;reclassified to threatened [pdf] per U.S. District Court order in June 2009
Upper Willamette River	1999**	T	final	final
sturgeon, Adriatic (Acipenser naccarii)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sturgeon, Atlantic (Atlantic subspecies; 5 listed DPSs) (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus)
Carolina	2012	E	no	no
Chesapeake Bay	2012	E	no	no
Gulf of Maine	2012	T	no	no
New York Bight	2012	E	no	no
South Atlantic	2012	E	no	no
sturgeon, Atlantic (Gulf subspecies) (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi)	1991	T	final	final
sturgeon, Chinese (Acipenser sinensis)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sturgeon, European (Acipenser sturio)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sturgeon, green (1 listed DPS) (Acipenser medirostris)
Southern DPS	2006	T	final	in process
sturgeon, Kaluga (Huso dauricus)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sturgeon, Sakhalin (Acipenser mikadoi)	2014	E (F)	n/a	no
sturgeon, shortnose (Acipenser brevirostrum)	1967	E	n/a	final
totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi)	1979	E (F)	n/a	n/a

**All Pacific salmonid listings were revisited in 2005, 2006, and 2016. Only the salmonids whose status changed as a result of the review will show the revised date; for all others, only the original listing date is shown. For more information on the listing history, please click on the link for each ESU/DPS.

Marine Invertebrates (27 listed "species")

(E = "endangered"; T = "threatened"; F = "foreign"; n/a = not applicable)

Species	Year Listed	Status	Critical Habitat *	Recovery Plan
Abalone
abalone, black (Haliotis cracherodii)	2009	E	final	no
abalone, white (Haliotis sorenseni)	2001	E	not prudent [pdf]	final
Corals
coral, [no common name] (Acropora globiceps)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora jacquelineae)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora lokani)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora pharaonis)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora retusa)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora rudis)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora speciosa)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora tenella)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Acropora spinosa)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Cantharellus noumeae)	2015	E (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Euphyllia paradivisa)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Isopora crateriformis)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Montipora australiensis)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Pavona diffluens)	2014	T (F)	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Porites napopora)	2014	T (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Seriatopora aculeata)	2014	T	no	no
coral, [no common name] (Siderastrea glynni)	2015	E (F)	n/a	no
coral, [no common name] (Tubastraea floreana)	2015	E (F)	n/a	no
coral, boulder star (Orbicella franksi)	2014	T	no	no
coral, elkhorn (Acropora palmata)	2006	T	final	final
coral, lobed star (Orbicella annularis)	2014	T	no	no
coral, mountainous star (Orbicella faveolata)	2014	T	no	no
coral, pillar (Dendrogyra cylindrus)	2014	T	no	no
coral, rough cactus (Mycetophyllia ferox)	2014	T	no	no
coral, staghorn (Acropora cervicornis)	2006	T	final	final

Marine Plants (1 listed "species")

(E = "endangered"; T = "threatened"; F = "foreign"; n/a = not applicable)

Species	Year Listed	Status	Critical Habitat *	Recovery Plan *
Johnson's seagrass (Halophila johnsonii)	1999	T	final	final

* NOTE: Critical habitat cannot be designated in foreign waters; critical habitat is also not required for species listed prior to the 1978 ESA amendments that added critical habitat provisions. Recovery plans for sea turtles are developed and implemented by NMFS and USFWS; the plans have been written separately for turtles in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (and East Pacific for the green turtle) rather than for each listed species. Bowhead whales are exempt from recovery planning.

Endangered and Threatened Species Under NMFS' Jurisdiction: