DETROIT DISTRICT

No – both locks operate in both directions and can either raise or lower boats.  The size of the boat determines which lock it will use.  Boats larger than 730 feet long and 76 feet wide are too big for the MacArthur Lock and must use the Poe Lock. 

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This new lock was authorized in 1986.  As part of the most recent report update in 2005 the Soo Replacement Lock benefit to cost ratio was less than 1.0 which was too low to be considered in President's budgets for construction funding.  We are currently pursuing funding to reevaluate the economics of this lock and take another look at the benefit to cost ratio due to changes in alternative delivery modes and probabilities of failure of key components of the existing lock. If those numbers change, construction funding maybe considered in the future. During 2009 we received a $17 million Congressional add to construct two coffer dams and to excavate the downstream channel approach to the area of the proposed new lock. The coffer dams will allow us to hold back water and will provide a dry environment for construction of the possible replacement lock. The total construction project cost is currently estimated at approximately $580 million and would likely take 10-years to construct with constant funding year-after-year.

Boats heading into Lake Superior from the lower Lake Huron Level are described as being ‘upbound’ and will have to be raised up 21 feet at the Locks.  Boats going the other way, from the higher Lake Superior level going towards Lake Huron must be lowered down 21 feet at the Locks and are described as being “downbound.”

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Gravity alone moves water in and out of the lock chambers.  Huge culverts run below the lock floors allowing water to flow in or out of the lock depending on which valves are opened.  To raise the level, the emptying valve at the lower end of the lock is closed and the filling valve is opened allowing water to flow into the chamber from the Lake Superior level.  To lower the lock the filling valve is closed and the emptying valve is opened allowing water to flow out to the Lake Huron level. You can check out an animated demonstration of this process.

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The water always comes from the higher Lake Superior level.  This water continues to flow downward until it eventually reaches the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence Seaway.

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From the time a vessel approaches the lock until the time it leaves takes between 40-60 minutes.  Once the vessel is secured inside the lock it takes 15-20 minutes to raise or lower the boat 21 feet (just over a foot a minute!).

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It takes approximately 10 million gallons of water to raise a boat in the MacArthur Lock 21 feet, it takes about 22 million gallons to raise the level of the Poe Lock by 21 feet.

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Depending on the size of the boat, yes.  The Soo Locks, Welland Canal and St. Lawrence Seaway provide an unbroken water connection between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.  However, boats larger than 740 feet long and 78 feet wide will not fit through the Welland Canal and can only travel between the four westernmost Great Lakes (Superior, Michigan, Huron and Erie).

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Each year there are approximately 10,000 lockages during the navigation season at the Soo Locks.

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The navigation season at the Soo Locks ends on January 15^th and resumes on March 25^th.  During this time, work crews undertake “winter work” doing major repairs, inspections and maintenance projects that cannot be done while the locks are in operation.

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The largest boat on the Great Lakes is the Paul R. Tregurtha, this boat is 1014 feet long and 105 feet wide.  (That is longer than three football fields!)

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The main cargoes that move through the Soo Locks are taconite (iron ore) and coal going from Western Lake Superior to ports on the lower lakes.  Other common cargoes are grain, limestone, and salt.  Occasionally we also see foreign ships bringing in windmill parts headed for ports on Lake Superior.

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Boats do not pay tolls to use the locks.  However, cargo vessels pay a tax on their cargo at their destination port which goes to the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund

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To be able to lock through the MacArthur or Poe Lock a private boat must be motorized (no canoes, kayaks, peddle boats, etc), have 75 feet of line and coordinate with the Chief Lockmaster to receive permission.  Private vessel owners should realize there is a set priority hierarchy for use of the locks starting with government vessels, freight vessels, commercial vessels and finally private vessels.  During busy times there could be long waits for the locks and the lockmaster may divert private watercraft to the Canadian Lock on the north shore of the river.

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Boats enter the locks under their own power.  Most boats registered in the U.S. and Canada have captains and wheelsmen who are fully qualified and licensed to operate on the St. Marys River and through the Soo Locks.  Foreign vessels bring on specially licensed Great Lakes Pilots when they enter the waterway and this pilot brings them into the locks.

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Crews can vary from shipping company to shipping company, but the typical freighter carries between 22 and 30 crewmembers.  They work in either the deck, engine, or galley departments on four-hour watches around the clock.  Typically they have eight hours off between watches and spend two-four months on board at a time.

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The Poe and MacArthur Locks are 32 feet deep “at the sills,” the sills are the highest point within the lock.  From the sidewalk to the very bottom of the lock floor is about 65 feet.  However river is maintained to a depth of 28.5 feet.

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There is currently one lock on the Canadian side of the river.  This lock is 252 feet long  X 50.5 feet wide and only 10 feet deep at the sills.

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The St. Marys River drops 21 feet within three quarters of mile at the location of the locks.  Before the construction of the canals and locks this series of rapids formed a barricade between the upper and lower river.  Cargoes traveling down from Lake Superior or up from the lower lakes had to be unloaded and carried around the rapids and then reloaded on different boats to be transported.  The construction of the canals and locks allowed vessels to pass around the rapids making transportation both faster and cheaper.

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While the Visitor Center is open (Mothers Day until Mid-October) staff maintain a boat schedule hotline with estimated arrival times for boats expected at the Soo Locks.  Boat arrival times are only known 4-5 hours in advance.  The hotline number is 906-253-9290.

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The very first lock on the St. Marys River went into operation in 1797 on the Canadian side of the river.  It allowed freight canoes up to 40 feet long to go around the falls without having to unload their goods and be hauled around the rapids.  American forces destroyed this lock during  the War of 1812.  There would not be another lock at the Sault until 1855 when the State of Michigan opened a lock on the site of the current Poe Lock.

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 A new lock has been authorized by congress but not yet funded.  As soon as the project is funded construction will begin.  Meanwhile most major design work and much preparatory work has already been completed.

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Currently the largest boats can only go through the Poe Lock.  Having an additional lock the same size as the Poe Lock will allow for better maintenance of both locks and keep traffic moving if the Poe Lock needs unexpected repairs.

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 No.  The new lock will have the exact same dimensions as the Poe Lock (1200 feet long X 110 feet wide X 32 feet deep).  If a bigger lock were constructed, it is likely that bigger boats would quickly follow – recreating the current situation.

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It will take 7-10 years, based on uninterrupted construction.  However, that could change as work progresses.  Previous locks have been delayed by weather, labor disputes and the condition of the bedrock on the site.

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Contractors who have gone through the bidding and review process and met strict federal criteria will do most of the work for the new lock.  Jobs with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are posted on www.usajobs.gov.  The site also has instructions for applying.

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Once built, Congress will name the lock.  We have no way of knowing what name they will choose.   Earlier locks were named for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers personnel (Weitzel, Poe, Davis, Sabin) or important Army commanders (MacArthur).

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The depth of the locks at the sills is 32 feet.  Depths in the St. Marys fluctuate quite regularly from a variety of causes.  Special gauges throughout the river system monitor water levels and the flow of water through the river.  The chief lockmaster monitors these and passes along water depth information to boat captains.  If water levels in the river are too low for a vessel to proceed, they will often go to anchor in the upper river, or tie up on the approach piers at the Locks and wait for the water levels to rise.  Low water levels throughout the Great Lakes have meant that boats cannot load to their full capacity and therefore have to make more trips and carry less cargo.

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